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The challenges in citywide traffic flow are intricate, encompassing various factors like temporal and spatial dependencies, holidays, and weather. Despite the complexity, there are still research gaps in effectively incorporating these spatio‐temporal relations through deep learning. Addressing these gaps is crucial for tackling issues such as traffic congestion, public safety, and efficient traffic management within cities. This paper underscores notable research gaps, including the development of models capable of handling both local and global traffic flow patterns, integrating multi‐modal data sources, and effectively managing spatio‐temporal dependencies. In this paper, we proposed a novel model named 3D spatial–temporal‐based adaptive modeling graph convolutional network (3D(STAMGCN)) that addresses for traffic flow data in better periodicity modeling. In contrast to earlier studies, 3D(STAMGCN) approaches the task of traffic flow prediction as a periodic residual learning problem. This is achieved by capturing the input variation between historical time segments and the anticipated output for future time segments. Forecasting traffic flow, as opposed to a direct approach, is significantly simpler when focusing on learning more stationary deviations. This, in turn, aids in the training of the model. Nevertheless, the networks enable residual generation at each time interval through learned variations between future conditions and their corresponding weekly observations. Consequently, this significantly contributes to achieving more accurate forecasts for multiple steps ahead. We executed extensive experiments on two real‐world datasets and compared the performance of our model to state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Till date it is a great challenge to synthesize CdS photocatalyst with a high stability. In this study, a stable CdS photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by a simple, cost‐effective hydrothermal route via cadmium acetate and thiourea as Cd and S precursors, respectively. The effect of different processing times (8 h and 24 h) and molar ratios on the photocatalytic activity and stability were mainly investigated. The samples were characterized in detail by XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, UV‐vis DRS, Photolummiscence spectroscopy and Surface photovoltage. The photocatalytic activity of the as‐obtained nanostructures was examined for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation under visible light irradiation (λ≥420 nm). After 70 min of irradiation, nearly 82 % of MB was degraded by CdS nanostructures, display an improved photocatalytic activity for MB degradation with an apparent rate constant (k) of 0.019 min−1. Additionally, CdS nanostructures sustained a good photostability after five consecutive cycles. The higher photocatalytic activity of CdS nanostructure is attributed to an efficient separation of photogenerated electron‐hole pairs stimulated by its optimal molar ratio, optimal temperature and surface morphology. Our synthesized stable nanostructures have potential for dye contaminated waste‐water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trajectory planning is vital for autonomous systems like robotics and UAVs, as it determines optimal, safe paths considering physical limitations, environmental factors, and agent interactions. Recent advancements in trajectory planning and future location prediction stem from rapid progress in machine learning and optimization algorithms. In this paper, we proposed a novel framework for Spatial-temporal transformer-based feed-forward neural networks (STTFFNs). From the traffic flow local area point of view, skip-gram model is trained on trajectory data to generate embeddings that capture the high-level features of different trajectories. These embeddings can then be used as input to a transformer-based trajectory planning model, which can generate trajectories for new objects based on the embeddings of similar trajectories in the training data. In the next step, distant regions, we embedded feedforward network is responsible for generating the distant trajectories by taking as input a set of features that represent the object's current state and historical data. One advantage of using feedforward networks for distant trajectory planning is their ability to capture long-term dependencies in the data. In the final step of forecasting for future locations, the encoder and decoder are crucial parts of the proposed technique. Spatial destinations are encoded utilizing location-based social networks (LBSN) based on visiting semantic locations. The model has been specially trained to forecast future locations using precise longitude and latitude values. Following rigorous testing on two real-world datasets, Porto and Manhattan, it was discovered that the model outperformed a prediction accuracy of 8.7% previous state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: There is insufficient evidence to support the use of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. The purpose of this study is to find the effectiveness and safety of cystoinflation to prevent bladder injury in women with placenta previa. Methods: The study was conducted at Gynecology & Obstetrics Department, lady Willing-don hospital, Lahore for six months duration . The research was conducted by forming two groups. Women in Group-A (inflated urinary bladder) had significantly lower bladder injury as compared to women in Group-B (deflated urinary bladder). i.e. 1.9% vs. 11.32%, pvalue=0.050. Results: Homeostatic sutures requirement was significantly higher in Group-B as that of Group-A. i.e. 15.1% vs. 18.9%, p-value=0.604 Duration of hospital stay showed no significant difference between groups. i.e. 96.2% patients in Group-A and 88.7% patients in Group-B discharged from hospital within 3-4 days. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, women presenting with placenta previa had significantly lower incidences of bladder injury as a result of cystoinflation during cesarean section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preterm birth complicates at-risk singleton pregnancies, and this is associated with a poor prognosis for pregnant mothers. When comparing cervical cerclage to vaginal progesterone, the rationale is clear, but its effectiveness remains a mystery.It is the goal of this systematic review to shed further light on this well-known conundrum. To find research on preventive vaginal progesterone usage vs cervical cerclage, PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched. There were three randomized control trials, three systematic reviews and meta-analyses, two cohort studies, and two conventional reviews. It was determined that both strategies for managing preterm delivery were equally effective in terms of preterm birth prevention when applied to pregnant women. We found that vaginal progesterone had less side effects than cervical cerclage, but it has no influence on a woman's ability to function and does not improve her life expectancy. The systematic reviews and randomized controlled studies unequivocally confirmed these findings. Cervical cerclage was shown to be more risky than preventive vaginal progesterone in a comprehensive study. However, prophylactic application of cervical cerclage still remains a superior treatment modality if serial transvaginal ultrasound scans are pointing towards cervical shortening. Therefore, more research is required to understand this relationship to identify populations at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the cosmic analysis of Kaniadakis holographic dark energy model in the frameworks of f (G) and f ̃ (T) modified theories of gravity. We reconstruct functional forms of f (G) and f ̃ (T) models by using a well-known power-law form of scale factor and flat FRW metric. The behavior of these functional forms with respect to their arguments is discussed. Using these models, various cosmic parameters like energy conditions, effective equation of state parameter, deceleration parameter and squared speed of sound parameters are explored to discuss the accelerated expansion of the universe. We obtain some consistent results for accelerated expansion of the universe related to specific values of model parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To see lipid profile in patients of AMI having no other concomitant disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Coronary Care Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to January 2017. Material & Methods: One hundred newly diagnosed cases of AMI, admitted in coronary care unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar as emergency and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Sampling technique was Convenient sampling. Lipid profile was measured by using Cobas Chemistry analyzer, Roche, in Pathology Department, LRH, Peshawar. Results were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: There were 100 patients and 100 normal individuals included by consecutive sampling in the study. Out of 100 patients 85 (85%) were male and 15 (15%) were female. Age ranged from 26-80 years (50.87 ± 11.02). It was observed that 82% of the AMI patients had cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl while LDL was less than 100mg/dl in all of the patients. However, HDL which is protective lipoprotein was found to be less than 40mg/dl. It was also observed that 82% of the patients had normal Blood Pressure whereas only 18% had high blood pressure. The working conditions of most of the patients (85%) were sedentary. Conclusion: In majority of the cases, blood pressure was normal. However HDL-C was less than 40 mg/dl in cases which is alarming. Besides, Sedentary Life style was found to be the major factor contributing to AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of "Oral ascorbic acid in combination with erythropoietin" with "standard dose of erythropoietin alone" in renal anemia in terms of mean hemoglobin rise. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 CKD patients with anemia, 18 to 70 years of age of both genders were included. Patients with laboratory-proven iron deficiency anemia, obvious blood loss, pernicious anemia, hyperparathyroidism, and contraindications for erythropoietin or ascorbic acid were excluded. It is important to mention here that dialysis patients were also excluded from the study. The patients were randomly selected and placed in two groups. Group A (erythropoietin alone) & Group B (erythropoietin plus oral ascorbic acid), by using the lottery method. Outcome variable like hemoglobin was measured at 2, 4 and 6 months. Results: Mean age was 48.90 ± 13.53 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6:1 with 43 (61.43%) males and 27 (38.57%) females. Mean pre-therapy hemoglobin was 9.40 ± 1.03 g/dl in Group A while it was 9.42 ± 0.98 g/dl in Group B and mean post-therapy hemoglobin in Group A was 9.34 ± 1.06 g/dl while in Group B, it was 10.37 ± 1.16 g/dl with a P-value of 0.0002 which is statistically significant. Conclusion: The study concluded that standard dose erythropoietin plus Oral ascorbic acid in CKD anemia is more effective as compared to erythropoietin alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis C virus has infected over 200 million people worldwide and is the most common blood-borne disease. Pakistan has the HCV prevalence rate of over 8%. A literature search has been performed using different keywords in different databases i.e. PubMed, Google Scholar, and NCBI. 6.2% prevalence rate was found in the general population, 4.13% in healthcare workers and a higher prevalence rate was observed in injection drug users and multi transfusion population. Use of injection was very frequent among the Pakistani population, reuse and sharing of syringes have an association with HCV infections. In Pakistan most prevalent genotype of HIV was 3a. Knowledge about HCV and its risk factors also varies with the educational background. Blood donors should be screened for HCV, awareness campaigns about different risk factors should be initiated at the government level, and strict regulation on healthcare waste should be implemented, these might help in preventing its spread to healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Alfacalcidol (I.V) and Paricalcitol (I.V) for the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in hemodialysis patients. Material and Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of intravenous paricalcitol and alfacalcidol. We recruited 80 patients with end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis in a tertiary care hospital dialysis unit. The participants were randomly divided into two groups. A wash-out period of one week was decided for each patient in whom he/she did not receive any medication for the treatment of hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Afterward, patients received an expanding dosage of alfacalcidol or paricalcitol for a time of about four months, and then after a further washout period of one week, each group received opposite treatment (paricalcitol or alfacalcidol) for a further four months (16 weeks). Results: The analyzed data for the same end-points revealed no difference between the two groups. No significant statistical difference in terms of calcium levels in both groups was noted. The study also found no big difference in the ability of both drugs to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism, while keeping serum phosphate and calcium levels inside the desired range. The study also found no distinction in the frequency of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia as a side effect of Vitamin D analogue's treatment. Conclusion: The study concludes that alfacalcidol and paricalcitol are equally effective in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism in the dialysis population. Since Paricalcitol is expensive as compared to alfacalcidol, in an economically challenged country like Pakistan, Alfacalcidol can be a better choice when treating SHPT as we did not find any gross difference in the ability of two drugs to restrict SHPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]