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48. 2024 roadmap on membrane desalination technology at the water-energy nexus

Author

Politano, A, Al-Juboori, R, Alnajdi, S, Alsaati, A, Athanassiou, A, Bar-Sadan, M, Beni, A, Campi, D, Cupolillo, A, D'Olimpio, G, D'Andrea, G, Estay, H, Fragouli, D, Gurreri, L, Ghaffour, N, Gilron, J, Hilal, N, Occhiuzzi, J, Carvajal, M, Ronen, A, Santoro, S, Tedesco, M, Tufa, R, Ulbricht, M, Warsinger, D, Xevgenos, D, Zaragoza, G, Zhang, Y, Zhou, M, Curcio, E, Politano, Antonio, Al-Juboori, Raed A, Alnajdi, Sultan, Alsaati, Albraa, Athanassiou, Athanassia, Bar-Sadan, Maya, Beni, Ali Naderi, Campi, Davide, Cupolillo, Anna, D'Olimpio, Gianluca, D'Andrea, Giuseppe, Estay, Humberto, Fragouli, Despina, Gurreri, Luigi, Ghaffour, Noreddine, Gilron, Jack, Hilal, Nidal, Occhiuzzi, Jessica, Carvajal, Mateo Roldan, Ronen, Avner, Santoro, Sergio, Tedesco, Michele, Tufa, Ramato Ashu, Ulbricht, Mathias, Warsinger, David M, Xevgenos, Dimitrios, Zaragoza, Guillermo, Zhang, Yong-Wei, Zhou, Ming, Curcio, Efrem, Politano, A, Al-Juboori, R, Alnajdi, S, Alsaati, A, Athanassiou, A, Bar-Sadan, M, Beni, A, Campi, D, Cupolillo, A, D'Olimpio, G, D'Andrea, G, Estay, H, Fragouli, D, Gurreri, L, Ghaffour, N, Gilron, J, Hilal, N, Occhiuzzi, J, Carvajal, M, Ronen, A, Santoro, S, Tedesco, M, Tufa, R, Ulbricht, M, Warsinger, D, Xevgenos, D, Zaragoza, G, Zhang, Y, Zhou, M, Curcio, E, Politano, Antonio, Al-Juboori, Raed A, Alnajdi, Sultan, Alsaati, Albraa, Athanassiou, Athanassia, Bar-Sadan, Maya, Beni, Ali Naderi, Campi, Davide, Cupolillo, Anna, D'Olimpio, Gianluca, D'Andrea, Giuseppe, Estay, Humberto, Fragouli, Despina, Gurreri, Luigi, Ghaffour, Noreddine, Gilron, Jack, Hilal, Nidal, Occhiuzzi, Jessica, Carvajal, Mateo Roldan, Ronen, Avner, Santoro, Sergio, Tedesco, Michele, Tufa, Ramato Ashu, Ulbricht, Mathias, Warsinger, David M, Xevgenos, Dimitrios, Zaragoza, Guillermo, Zhang, Yong-Wei, Zhou, Ming, and Curcio, Efrem

Abstract

Water and energy are two strategic drivers of sustainable development, intimately interlaced and vital for a secure future of humanity. Given that water resources are limited, whereas global population and energy demand are exponentially growing, the competitive balance between these resources, referred to as the water-energy nexus, is receiving renewed focus. The desalination industry alleviates water stress by producing freshwater from saline sources, such as seawater, brackish or groundwater. Since the last decade, the market has been dominated by membrane desalination technology, offering significant advantages over thermal processes, such as lower energy demand, easy process control and scale-up, modularity for flexible productivity, and feasibility of synergic integration of different membrane operations. Although seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) accounts for more than 70% of the global desalination capacity, it is circumscribed by some significant technological limitations, such as: (i) the relatively low water recovery factor (around 50%) due to the negative impact of osmotic and polarization phenomena; (ii) an energy consumption in the range of 3-5 kWh m−3, still far from the theoretical energy demand (1.1 kWh m−3) to produce potable water from seawater (at 50% water recovery factor). Ultimately, desalination is an energy intensive practice and research efforts are oriented toward the development of alternative and more energy-efficient approaches in order to enhance freshwater resources without placing excessive strain on limited energy supplies. Recent years have seen a relevant surge of interest in membrane distillation (MD), a thermally driven membrane desalination technology having the potential to complement SWRO in the logic of Process Intensification and Zero Liquid Discharge paradigm. Due to its peculiar transport mechanism and negligibility of osmotic phenomena, MD allows high-quality distillate production (theoretically, non-volatile species are c

Published
2024

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