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Introduction: Ultrasound is now an essential tool in assessing trauma patients. It is the preferred initial imaging method for trauma care and is included in the Advanced Trauma Life Support guidelines established by the American College of Surgeons. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of E-FAST (Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) performed by general surgeons at Hospital Universitario "Miguel Enríquez", in Havana, Cuba. Results: The diagnostic accuracy (AUC) for E-FAST was 0.964 (0.909 - 0.990), with a sensitivity in the detection of free fluid and pneumothorax of 96.4% (87.8-99.5%), and a specificity of 96.2% (87.0-99.5%). The confidence interval (CI) for these measures was 95%. Conclusions: The E-FAST test performed by general surgeons presents diagnostic values that make it a fast, reliable tool for the evaluation of trauma patients. It is a feasible method with high sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgeon-performed Ultrasound (SUS) is a methodology in healthcare that reduces the number of consultations, allowing faster diagnostic times and the possibility of performing ultrasoundguided procedures. Its utilization in otolaryngology has been described in the literature to have multiple benefits, which can be replicated with appropriate training in the local setting. Objectives: To implement otolaryngologist-performed ultrasound in both outpatient and inpatient settings with institutional validation and support. Materials and Methods: A prospective health program study was conducted. Patients over 18 years of age with lateral, anterior, or posterior cervical masses, masses in salivary glands, benign or suspicious lesions for malignancy, and follow-up of patients with known masses were included. Only patients who did refuse to participate in the study were excluded. Results: The successful implementation of the first surgeon-performed ultrasound clinic in Chile was achieved. Thirty ultrasounds were performed during the study pilot period, with the primary focus being on patients with neoplastic pathology. Thirteen ultrasound-guided biopsy procedures were performed. Ninety-two percent of the biopsies were conclusive, and there was a 100% diagnostic concordance with definitive biopsies. Conclusions: The implementation of SUS was an excellent educational, diagnostic, and therapeutic tool in our clinic practice, facilitating the initial evaluation of head and neck masses along with the performance of ultrasound-guided procedures. Its results demonstrate it to be a useful and effective diagnostic alternative to implement in the activities of the otolaryngologist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Acta Medica Colombiana is the property of Acta Medica Colombiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Although the subclavian vein offers significant advantages over other approaches for ultrasound-guided central venous access, it is not the first choice in the pediatric population, mainly due to its proximity to the pleura and the subclavian artery. Objective: To assess the sonoanatomical characteristics of the subclavian vein and adjacent structures using the supraclavicular approach in a pediatric population. Materials and methods: Observational, intraoperative, cross-sectional study, between June 2021 and March 2022. The population consisted of ASA I, II and III children taken to non-emergent surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Images were acquired with the patients under general anesthesia, using a high-frequency linear probe to identify the subclavian vein and measure the anatomical landmarks. Results: A total of 67 children were recruited; mean age was 6 years (IQR: 2-12 years), with male sex predominance (61%). Median weight was 22 kg (IQR: 12.2-34 Kg) and median height was 115 cm (IQR: 88-142 cm). Measurements in relation to the vessel showed a mean distance from the skin of 0.70 cm (SD: 0.18 cm), while mean distance from the skin to the pleura was 1.31 cm (SD: 0.28 cm). Mean vein diameter was 0.49 cm (IQR: 0.40-0.63 cm). The mean hypothetical approach angle to the vessel was 22.09 degrees (SD: 4.37 degrees), while the approach angle to the pleura was 39 degrees (SD: 5.31 degrees). No concurrent visualization of the vein and artery was documented in any of the recorded sonoanatomy windows. The tests pointed to an average difference of 0.61 cm in vessel depth in relation to the pleura, and the angle of approach to the vessel was 16.91 degrees smaller when compared with the angle of approach to the pleura (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Using this technique, the supraclavicular approach to the subclavian vein in children is safe and feasible, with an average skin-to-vessel distance of 0.70 cm, minimizing the risk of pleural puncture. Additional studies are required to optimize this technique in the pediatric population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia requires palpation of surfaces in order to identify the intervertebral spaces in the lumbar spine. In elderly individuals, the procedure is more challenging due to age-related degenerative changes in the spine. Objective: To determine which technique between ultrasound (US) guidance or the use of anatomical landmarks to guide spinal anesthesia ensures a higher success rate in elderly patients. Methods: Prospective observational cohort study in patients with an indication to receive subarachnoid anesthesia, regardless of the type of surgical intervention, carried out at Hospital Universitario del Valle and Fundación Hospital San José Buga. Data were collected over a 12-month period at the time of making the puncture. The treating anesthetists were free to choose between US guidance or the use of anatomical landmarks. Results: Overall, 80 patients were assessed, including men and women over 65 years of age (mean 78.50±9.04). The number of punctures as well as needle redirections were significantly lower in the US-guided group. Additionally, in the group in which anatomical landmarks were used to guide the puncture, the marked site did not coincide with the actual puncture site confirmed with US in 37.5% of cases (p<0.001). This could result in inadequate block or complications associated with intradural puncture. Conclusions: US-guided neuroaxial anesthesia in elderly individuals could facilitate success on the first attempt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El ultrasonido pulmonar, especialmente el POCUS (Point-Of-Care Ultrasound), ha demostrado ser más eficaz que las radiografías tradicionales para diagnosticar neumonía en adultos, principalmente en emergencias y cuidados intensivos. Con una sensibilidad del 92 % y especificidad del 94 %, el POCUS supera a las radiografías, que tienen una sensibilidad y especificidad del 75 %. Además, es seguro para embarazadas y agiliza el manejo en pacientes críticos. También puede diferenciar entre neumonía bacteriana y viral, guiando el uso de antibióticos. Aunque tiene limitaciones anatómicas, solo el 8 % de los casos no se detectan. En Perú, los casos de neumonía aumentaron en 2023, lo que resalta la importancia de esta técnica en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.

Introducción: El diagnóstico de apendicitis es difícil en niños pequeños y en niñas preadolescentes que inician su maduración sexual. Objetivo: Determinar la utilidad de la Escala de Alvarado en niños de 1 a 14 años con dolor abdominal. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, a partir de información de historias clínicas de menores que ingresaron por dolor abdominal al Hospital Universitario del Valle entre enero de 2017 y diciembre de 2018. Con punto de corte mayor a 7, se estimaron las características operativas de la escala y su curva de características operativas para el receptor. Resultados: De 451 historias, 323 eran de niños con apendicitis aguda, predominó el sexo masculino con un promedio de edad de 9,4 ± 2,8 años y un 26 % con perforación del apéndice; 13 menores de 4 años con apendicitis tenían un 66,6 % de perforación. La escala obtuvo una especificidad del 96 % y una sensibilidad del 38,8 %. Asimismo, con la curva ROC se encontró que 7,5 es el mejor punto de corte para discriminar entre niños con y sin apendicitis. Conclusión: La escala discriminó bien entre niños con y sin apendicitis; en menores de 4 años se recomienda realizar ultrasonografía temprana.

La ovariohisterectomía (OVH) es una cirugía de frecuente presentación en la práctica clínica de pequeños animales. Por este motivo, diversas estrategias analgésicas se han estudiado para poder controlar el fuerte estímulo nociceptivo y dolor posquirúrgico que conlleva. La anestesia epidural (EPI) y el bloqueo del cuadrado lumbar (QLB) han demostrado ser alternativas eficaces para este procedimiento (Nejamkin et al. 2020 y Viscasillas et al. 2024). Sin embargo, para nuestro conocimiento, estas técnicas no han sido comparadas para evaluar posibles diferencias en la eficacia y el impacto fisiológico.

Fundamento: los defectos del sistema nervioso central constituyen anomalías congénitas frecuentes por lo que es necesario un diagnóstico certero para el asesoramiento y manejo oportuno de los casos. La ecografía básica tiene un alcance limitado debido a sus características propias, por lo que se han incluido técnicas ecográficas en el examen prenatal para mejorar la exactitud diagnóstica. Objetivos: describir los hallazgos obtenidos a través de neurosonografía avanzada y comprobar la utilidad de la aplicación de este procedimiento para el diagnóstico. Método: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y transversal. Se estudiaron 125 gestantes con sospecha de defectos del sistema nervioso central en las que se emplearon técnicas de neurosonografía avanzada. Se analizaron las siguientes variables: edad de la embarazada en años cumplidos, edad gestacional en semanas y días, provincia de procedencia, región del país, hallazgos ecográficos según defectos congénitos, distinción de estos últimos de acuerdo al grupo y tipo, confirmación del defecto identificado previamente por ecografía básica y aportes de la neurosonografía. Se obtuvieron las frecuencias absolutas y relativas de las distintas categorías; se aplicó una prueba de hipótesis de diferencia de dos proporciones para una muestra con un nivel de significación estadística α=0,05. Resultados: predominó el grupo etáreo entre 20 y 37 años y las gestantes del segundo trimestre. La mayoría procedió del Occidente del país. La ventriculomegalia predominó como grupo y tipo de defecto congénito. No hubo diferencias significativas en los diagnósticos de ambos niveles de atención. En 44 gestantes la neurosonografía aportó diagnósticos adicionales. Conclusiones: los principales tipos de defectos hallados fueron la dilatación ventricular y la agenesia del cuerpo calloso, agrupados en ventriculomegalia y las anomalías de la línea media. La neurosonografía avanzada ayudó a la precisión diagnóstica de los defectos del sistema nervioso central.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the behaviour of ultrasound biomarkers of fascicle density and muscle strength in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional pilot study of 14 patients with ALS (28.6% women) and 14 controls. Bilateral cross-sectional ultrasound scans were performed in the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles, with recording of muscle thickness (MT) at rest and in contraction, and the difference in thickness. In the median, sciatic, and common peroneal nerves, we analysed the cross-sectional area (CSA), number of fascicles (NF) and fascicle density (FD). Analyses were nested by laterality. Results: Intra- and interrater agreement regarding NF was very good, with a minimum detectable error of

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Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Contexto: la ecografía tiroidea es la herramienta más importante en el estudio del nódulo tiroideo y su utilidad está supeditada a un adecuado reporte que permita su interpretación y análisis. Objetivo: evaluar la adherencia de los reportes de ecografía tiroidea de un hospital universitario, de acuerdo con un sistema estandarizado. Metodología: 215 ecografías realizadas en el año 2022 y seleccionadas consecutivamente fueron evaluadas de acuerdo con los parámetros de la propuesta del panel de expertos de la Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer (THANC) Foundation. Se reportaron las frecuencias absolutas de cumplimiento de los criterios. Resultados: el 44?% de las descripciones de los nódulos tiroideos, el 16?% de las descripciones de la glándula tiroides y ninguna de las descripciones de los ganglios linfáticos completó más del 75?% de los parámetros evaluados. El reporte de algunos elementos esenciales fue de carácter infrecuente, como la extensión de la glándula tiroides a mediastino (6?%), el reporte de la relación entre el alto y el ancho del nódulo (24?%), los bordes del nódulo (40?%) y la presencia de calcificaciones (43?%) de los nódulos. Conclusiones: los reportes ecográficos estudiados tienen una baja adherencia a la propuesta estandarizada de la THANC, lo que disminuye su calidad, por lo que es necesario implementar intervenciones que optimicen el reporte de ecografía tiroidea.

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Summa, Animali da Reddito is the property of Point Veterinaire Italie s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polish Otorhinolaryngological Review / Polski Przegląd Otorynolaryngologiczny (Index Copernicus) is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pain Research / Ból is the property of Index Copernicus International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Con el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad, se esperaría un mayor espesor glúteo, lo que sería un factor importante en futuras intervenciones en región glútea con fines de optimizar mejores resultados estéticos. Objetivo: Correlacionar el índice de masa corporal y el grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos en voluntarias que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño entre enero a marzo, 2023. Métodos: El estudio fue prospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó un sonógrafo Sono Eye 1 para realizar las medidas del glúteo. Mediante una báscula, se midió peso y talla, para posteriormente calcular el IMC, fueron 29 voluntarias de sexo femenino entre 18 a 60 años, sin antecedentes quirúrgicos estéticos previos. Las correlaciones fueron evaluadas con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se consideró un valor significativo si p < 0,05. Los datos fueron tabulados con STATA 17. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 39 ± 12 años. La mayoría con preobesidad (55,2 %). No hubo diferencias estadísticas en grosor de tejido adiposo, de musculo y espesor de glúteo de acuerdo a la lateralidad; de acuerdo al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el IMC no hubo asociación con las medidas combinadas del glúteo izquierdo y derecho del grosor de tejido graso (r = 0,137), grosor muscular (r = 0,115) y espesor glúteo (r = 0,193). Conclusión: Los cambios de las medidas antropométricas de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, no presentaron correlación estadística con el espesor glúteo.

Abstract: Chylothorax is a rare cause of pleural effusion, we present a case of Right post-traumatic chylothorax after venous catheter placement central jugular vein and we propose the systematic use of ultrasound for the identification early detection and follow-up, since if not detected in time it can lead to malnutrition and even mortality. Resumen: El quilotorax es una causa rara de derrame pleural , presentamos un caso de quilotorax postraumático derecho posterior a la colocación de un catéter venoso central yugular y proponemos el uso sistemático de la ecografía para la identificación precoz y seguimiento, ya que de no detectarse a tiempo puede conllevar a desnutrición e incluso mortalidad.

Foundation: ultrasonography of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath has been used as a non-invasive measure of intracranial pressure. One of the deficiencies stated is the non-existence of a standard value that suggests the limit between normality and intracranial hypertension. Objective: determine the diameter of the optic nerve sheath using ultrasound in healthy volunteers. Methods: a multi-population ecological study was conducted on 160 healthy volunteers who met the inclusion criteria. Three ultrasonographic measurements were performed in B mode in each eye, the average was taken as the final value. The variables studied were: age, sex, skin color and diameter of the optic nerve sheath. The percentage, mean, median, limit and standard were calculated. With a reference value at the 95 % confidence interval. The relationship between the variables was determined by simple logistic regression analysis with the SPSS 22.0 statistical package. Results: that diameter of the optic nerve sheath, in the subjects, was quantified between 4.62-4.80 mm and 4.66-4.83 mm for the right and left eyes respectively. In the simple linear regression analysis, only sex was associated with the value of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath (p= 0.000). Conclusions: in a population of healthy volunteers, the value of the diameter of the optic nerve sheath was similar to other descriptions, with differences between sex, which suggests taking this variable into consideration when making the measurement.

Objetivo: El presente estudio aborda la necesidad e importancia de la consejería en ecografía obstétrica como parte integral del proceso de atención prenatal desde la perspectiva de obstetras especializados. Material y métodos: Mediante un diseño cualitativo con enfoque fenomenológico, se entrevistó a tres obstetras con maestría pertenecientes a la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre noviembre y diciembre de 2023, utilizando una guía semiestructurada con diez preguntas abiertas para explorar tres categorías de análisis: la necesidad e importancia de la consejería, sus características y el rol del obstetra en su implementación. Resultados: Los resultados revelaron que los obstetras consideran crucial que las gestantes reciban información detallada sobre la ecografía obstétrica para facilitar decisiones informadas y empoderarlas en el cuidado de su salud y la de sus bebés. Se destacó la utilidad de la ecografía en la detección temprana de anomalías y el seguimiento del desarrollo fetal, así como en la orientación sobre la realización oportuna de estos estudios. Los participantes coincidieron en la aplicación de los cinco pasos de consejería con adaptaciones según el contexto y la necesidad de limitar la duración de la consejería para evitar saturación informativa. Además, enfatizaron la importancia de materiales audiovisuales como rotafolios y videos para complementar la información verbal. Conclusión: El estudio subraya la importancia de integrar la consejería en ecografía obstétrica como parte estándar de la atención prenatal, resaltando el papel central del obstetra como facilitador de decisiones informadas y promotor del bienestar materno-infantil.

Introducción: el ultrasonido en el punto de atención (POCUS, según las siglas en inglés para point-of-care ultrasound) es una herramienta rápida y fácil de usar que permite correlacionar la anamnesis con hallazgos ecográficos. Ha tomado fuerza en distintos campos de la práctica médica y en nefrología ha sido utilizado para pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, evidenciando alteraciones anatómicas y vasculares; aun así, se dispone de poca literatura sobre su utilización en pacientes trasplantados renales. Objetivo: exponer cómo el POCUS fue utilizado en una serie de pacientes de Colombiana de Trasplantes y el impacto en sus desenlaces clínicos, correlacionando los hallazgos con una revisión de la literatura actual. Presentación del caso: se reportaron tres casos de pacientes trasplantados renales en seguimiento por Nefrología, en quienes se utilizó POCUS para su valoración postrasplante, evidenciando hidronefrosis. Ante este hallazgo, se solicitó confirmación imagenológica por radiología con ecografía o pielografía y se indicó un tratamiento oportuno de derivación de las vías urinarias. En el seguimiento posterior al manejo, los pacientes presentaron una adecuada evolución clínica y de su función renal. Discusión y conclusión: los casos presentados soportan el beneficio del POCUS en el seguimiento de pacientes trasplantados, permitiendo una identificación y un manejo oportuno de hidronefrosis. Se considera que este estudio puede ser un primer paso en la utilización de esta herramienta de rutina en el seguimiento de esta población, pero aun así se hace énfasis en la necesidad de estudios con mayor tamaño de muestra que incluyan diferentes hallazgos ecográficos.

Introduction. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the abdominal aorta greater than 1.5 times the expected diameter. Its prevalence is variable, with reported rates of up to 12.5%. It is considered the cause of death of more than 10,000 people a year in the United States. The objective of this literature review was to describe risk factors and screening tools for AAA. Methods. A literature search was conducted using two equations in electronic databases, using terms selected from "Medical Subject Heading" (MeSH) and "Descriptors in Health Sciences" (DeCS). The quality of the studies was evaluated with the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) tool. Results. Forty articles were collected and from them the review text was constructed, identifying the risk factors associated with the development of AAA, such as male sex, smoking, high blood pressure, family history and obesity, among others. Diabetes mellitus seems to act as a protective factor. Among the screening instruments, abdominal ultrasound is one of the most used. Conclusion. AAA is a multifactorial pathology. Currently, aortic ultrasonography is the method of choice for screening, allowing early detection. Screening for AAA with non-invasive methods, such as ultrasound, is useful especially in areas with a high prevalence of this pathology and in patients with certain risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The evaluation of the mobility of the vocal cords in thyroid and parathyroid surgery is part of the adequate comprehensive assessment. Altough, direct laryngoscopy is the gold standard, its real use is not routine, so translaryngeal ultrasound approach is proposed as an alternative. Methods: A prospective diagnostic test study was carried out to evaluate the translaryngeal ultrasound compared with video laryngoscopy in visualizing vocal mobility in patients with thyroid and parathyroid surgery from February 1 to November 30, 2022. Patients were described using absolute and relative frequencies. Univariate statistical analysis with Chi-square and Student's t tests. T. Bivariate analysis using binary logistic regression. Diagnostic acuity was calculated with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV. Statistical significance with p< 0.05, 95% confidence interval. Results: 267 patients undergoing thyroid or parathyroid surgery were included, 219 women and 48 men. Malignant: thyroid neoplasm 196 patients (73.4%). The findings were for the preoperative period, 100% sensitivity, 99.6% specificity, PPV 83.33%, NPV 100%, 83% positive probability odds, and 0.004% negative probability odds. For the postoperative period, 82.8% sensitivity, 99.2% specificity, 92.3% PPV, 97.9% NPV, 92% positive probability odds, and 0.2% negative probability odds were found. Conclusions. Translaryngeal ultrasound in our series has high diagnostic acuity. It could be used as the initial approach to evaluate vocal mobility and might replace direct laryngoscopy, leaving it when its visualization is not adequate or in cases of involvement or suspected invasion for confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's aim is a morphometric evaluation of liver and portal vein morphometry using ultrasonography in healthy Turkish population. This study was carried out with 189 subjects (107 females, 82 males). The demographic data and the body surface area were calculated. The longitudinal axis of the liver for two lobes, diagonal axis or liver span, anteroposterior diameter of the liver and portal vein, portal vein transverse diameter, caudate lobe anteroposterior diameter, and portal vein internal diameters as well as longitudinal liver scans in an aortic plane, sagittal plane, transverse plane, and kidney axis were measured. All measurements were analyzed according to age, sex, body mass index, obesity and alcohol consumption. The mean values of the age, height, weight and body mass index were calculated as 44.39 years, 167.05 cm, 74.23 kg, and 27.06kg/m² in females, respectively. The same values were 44.13 years, 167.70 cm, 75.93 kg and 26.71 kg/m² in males, respectively. There was significant difference between demographic characteristics, gender, and alcohol consumption in terms of anteroposterior diameter of the liver, portal vein transverse diameter of the right side and liver transverse scan. Also, some measurements including portal vein transverse diameter, liver transverse scan and at kidney axis longitudinal scan of liver showed significant difference between the age groups. There was significant difference in diagonal axis and anteroposterior diameter of liver, portal vein internal diameter, and longitudinal liver scans of the aortic plane parameters between obesity situation. The findings obtained will provide important and useful reference values as it may determine some abnormalities related liver diseases. Also, age, sex, obesity and body mass index values can be effective in the liver and portal vein morphometry related parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to determine the correlation between noninvasively ultrasonographically obtained cervical vessel indices and invasively measured central venous pressure in critically ill pediatric patients. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Department of pediatric intensive care, university hospital. Material and methods: 77 patients aged 0 to under 19 years with inserted central venous catheter and central venous pressure monitoring requiring admission to the department of intensive care medicine were included in the study. Both spontaneously ventilating patients and patients on artificial pulmonary ventilation, hemodynamically stable patients, and children with circulatory support with low-dose vasoactive agents were included in the study. Each continuous variable (ultrasonographic indices, age, height, weight, central venous pressure) was summarized by descriptive statistics, the distribution of variables was examined, and the correlation was quantified by Spearman correlation. The analysis was performed in the entire data set as well as in individual patient subgroups. Results: In the group of all measurements, the collapsibility index of the internal jugular vein in B mode (-0.58, p < 0.001), the collapsibility index of the internal jugular vein in M mode (-0.45, p <0.001), and the ratio of the internal jugular vein in 30- and 0-degree position (0.43, p < 0.001) had the highest correlation with central venous pressure. In the group of spontaneously ventilated patients, the highest correlation with central venous pressure was also found for the collapsibility index of internal jugular vein in B mode (-0.51, p < 0.001), and in patients on artificial pulmonary ventilation for the collapsibility index of internal jugular vein in B mode (- 0.55, p < 0.001) and the distensibility index of internal jugular vein in B mode (-0.55, p < 0.001). The correlation of the ratio of the internal jugular vein and common carotid artery with central venous pressure was low in all measurements group (0.25, p < 0.05), low in the spontaneously ventilated group (0.3, p < 0.05) and none in the artificially ventilated group (0.04). Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that ultrasonographically obtained cervical vessel indices may provide a non-invasive, easily repeatable, bedside alternative to central venous pressure examination in the estimation of intravascular filling in critically ill pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cientifica de la Facultade de Veterinaria is the property of Universidad del Zulia, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Compendium of Veterinary Sciences / Compendio de Ciencias Veterinarias is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias de la Universidad Nacional de Asuncion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción. Si bien contamos con recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia en contra de realizar tamizaje de cáncer ovárico con ecografía transvaginal debido a que aumenta el riesgo de resultados falsamente positivos y de cascadas diagnósticas, sin disminuir la mortalidad por esta enfermedad, su solicitud en mujeres sanas es frecuente. Sin embargo, no conocemos la magnitud de la implementación de esta práctica, que constituye un cuidado de bajo valor. Objetivo. Documentar el sobreuso de ecografías transvaginales realizadas en forma ambulatoria en un hospital universitario privado de Argentina. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal de una muestra aleatoria de ecografías realizadas en forma ambulatoria durante 2017 y 2018. Mediante revisión manual de las historias clínicas, la solicitud de cada ecografía fue clasificada como apropiada cuando algún problema clínico justificaba su realización, o inapropiada cuando había sido realizada con fines de control de salud o por una condición clínica sin indicación de seguimiento ecográfico. Resultados. De un total de 1.997 ecografías analizadas, realizadas a 1.954 mujeres adultas (edad promedio 50 años), 1.345 (67,4%; intervalo de confianza [IC] 95% 65,2 a 69,4) habían sido solicitadas en el contexto de un control de salud o sin un problema asociado en la historia clínica y otras 54 (8,3%; IC 95% 6,3 a 10,7), por condiciones de salud para las que no hay recomendaciones de realizar seguimiento ecográfico. Conclusiones. Esta investigación documentó una alta proporción de sobreutilizacion de la ecografías transvaginales en nuestra institución. Futuras investigaciones permitirán comprender los motivos que impulsan esta práctica y ayudarán a diseñar intervenciones para disminuir estos cuidados de bajo valor.

Introducción: Durante elembarazo varios factores pueden interactuar sobre el organismo en formación. Parte de los cuidados prenatales se centran en detectar desviaciones del crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Describir las variables biométricas fetales primarias y la asociación de las enfermedades maternas con la condición trófica del recién nacido. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, con una población de 5432 y una muestra de 4131 gestantes, seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico, intencional, por criterios. Los datos fueron obtenidos del registro de consultas de genética desde enero de 2013 hasta octubre de 2018. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Kruskal Wallis, la prueba post hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni, ji cuadrado y V de Cramer. Resultados: Prevaleció el incremento de las medianas de las variables biométricas, según la condición trófica y semana gestacional, predominó la significación estadística, al igual que las diferencias significativas en todos los contrastes dos a dos realizados. Las gestantes de peso adecuado preponderaron en cada condición al nacer, los recién nacidos pequeños se relacionaron con los trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo, la sepsis vaginal y la diabetes mellitus mientras que los recién nacidos grandes predominaron en madres con la glucemia alterada y anemia. Conclusiones: Las mediciones biométricas y las fórmulas de estimación del peso fetal pueden advertir las desviaciones del crecimiento fetal y la condición trófica al nacer. Las variables maternas se relacionaron con la condición trófica del recién nacido.

Head injuries are defined as anatomo-functional damage of the skull and its structures, produced by direct or indirect trauma of variable energy. Among its complications, intracranial hypertension is one of the factors that favor the appearance of secondary damage; its severity and duration have been correlated with a fatal prognosis, being the main cause of death. We present the case of a white male patient, 57 years old, with a history of chronic ethylism, who after three hours of admission because of a mild cranioencephalic trauma, begins with tonic-clonic convulsion and degradation of the level of consciousness. In the absence of more specific examinations, the diameter of the sheath of the optic nerve was determined by ultrasonography, which was increased (left 7.3 mm; right 8.0 mm, respectively). As an initial behavior and faced with indirect confirmation of traumatic intracranial hypertension, the airway was secured with mechanical respiratory support, 20% mannitol perfusion and cardiovascular support. Finally, the patient was referred to a center with the possibility of providing urgent neurosurgical treatment.

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Being able to determine the total hepatic volume (THV), or THV, becomes relevant in various situations, such as monitoring the progress of a chronic disease, planning resections and liver transplants; and observation of the hepatic clearance of some hepatotropic drugs. THV can be performed using segmentation methods in the course of a computed tomography (CT), whether manual, automatic, or semi-automated; by nuclear resonance (NR), using software from different generations (1st to 4st). THV measurement is indicated in patients undergoing major liver resections, in the context of treatment of neoplasms (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, liver metastases or large benign tumors), abscesses (pyogenic, amoebic), and after liver trauma complex, as well as in the preoperative stage of a liver transplant. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding methods for determine hepatic volumetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound is a medical imaging technique that employs high-frequency sound waves to produce images of internal bodily structures. In the field of nursing, ultrasound serves as a valuable instrument for swiftly and non-invasively evaluating precise anatomical structures, such as venous cannulation, evaluating bowel peristalsis, and assessing the urinary bladder. The use of ultrasound imaging is widely accepted in the nursing profession globally, as shown by its extensive reference in the international scientific literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La equinococosis quística es una infección zoonótica producida por la larva de Echinococcus granulosus que es capaz de invadir diversos órganos desde su ubicación en el intestino humano. En los casos de coinfección con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), existe una diversidad de complicaciones condicionadas por la enfermedad inmunosupresora con pronóstico reservado. El objetivo de este reporte es describir un caso de equinococosis multiquística peritoneal en una paciente en tratamiento antiviral para VIH durante casi diez años, que recibió la combinación de albendazol más cirugía, con evolución favorable. Este reporte sería el primero en el Perú en una persona con inmunosupresión por VIH y equinococosis quística.

Intestinal duplication is a rare condition that is diagnosed and resolves within the first two years of life. They can be diverticular, cystic or tubular, communicating and non-communicating. The symptoms vary with the type, size, location and mucosa that covers them. This research aims to present the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with ileal intestinal duplication, in which imaging tests contributed to the definitive diagnosis. This is a 16-month-old female patient who presented with diffuse, intermittent colicky abdominal pain, bloody stools, abdominal distention, and irritability. A simple abdominal X-ray revealed distention of the intestinal loops, such as air-fluid levels and the presence of gas in the rectum. Ultrasound revealed a cystic image towards the right hypochondrium, in close contact with the adjacent intestinal loop, double wall sign and fluid-fluid level. The diagnosis of ileal intestinal duplication was suggested, which was confirmed with a biopsy after surgery. Ultrasound is the test of first choice in the diagnosis of this condition. It shows the double wall sign with an inner echogenic layer (epithelium) and an outer hypoechoic layer corresponding to the muscle layers. The methods of imaging studies are of vital importance for its diagnosis, it is the abdominal ultrasound that provides an accurate diagnosis, being harmless for the patient.

Background: developmental dysplasia of the hip constitutes the most frequent affection for the development of the musculoskeletal system. In the context of radiographic diagnosis of this disease in infants, digital radiographs offer advantages that could be used for a more accurate diagnosis. Objective: to describe the DDC_Calc software operation to perform radiographic measurements in digital format. Methods: a technological innovation study was carried out during 2019, at the Paquito González Cueto University Pediatric Hospital, in Cienfuegos, specifically in the Orthopedics Service and with the specialists’ contribution from the "Marta Abreu" Central University’ Mathematics, Physics and Computing Faculty, Las Villas. The Viola-Jones artificial vision algorithm was used for the detection of the structures, as well as a rule-based system with a view to a diagnostic suggestion. Results: the software integrated the necessary tools to carry out the measurements used (angles, distances, positions) in the radiographic diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip. Its functionalities, requirements and operation of the application were described, based on a real clinical case, all illustrated with images. Conclusions: the use of the software facilitates the performance of more accurate measurements by the doctor, thus guaranteeing higher quality in the diagnosis and the preservation of the initial radiographic findings, which are very useful in the radiographic follow-up of the condition in time.

A avaliação da composição corporal é uma das etapas mais importantes para o diagnóstico nutricional e a tomada de decisões para a intervenção nutricional e nos últimos anos vem sendo alvo de grandes evoluções. Neste cenário, a avaliação por ultrassom (US) vem ganhando destaque como um método rápido, prático e confiável para ser utilizado na prática clínica. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre o uso do US para avaliação da composição corporal e para isso foram descritos os princípios técnicos deste método, para avaliação do tecido adiposo subcutâneo (TAS) e para medida da área de secção transversa (AST) muscular. Além de ser avaliada a aplicabilidade do US comparada a outros métodos de avaliação da composição corporal em diferentes contextos clínicos, com sarcopenia e cenário esportivo, esta revisão apresenta um comparativo entre as principais técnicas de análise de composição corporal, destacando as principais vantagens e desvantagens de cada uma. Adicionalmente, são descritos os pontos anatômicos e os procedimentos para medição tanto do TAS como da AST, incluindo pontos relevantes a serem observados durante esta padronização. Diante do conteúdo apresentado é possível concluir que a ultrassonografia é capaz de fornecer uma análise precisa, reprodutível e rápida dos tecidos corporais e sua aplicação pode ser expandida em diferentes contextos clínicos e esportivos. Por fim, acredita-se no potencial de contribuição e atualização que este presente estudo promove aos profissionais de saúde envolvidos no contexto de análise da composição corporal.

While biometry and Doppler have proved useful in the management of fetal growth restriction, the same battery has been of less help in diabetic pregnancies. It is not surprising since the underlying pathophysiology is fundamentally different. Recent studies of the fetal liver, a key metabolic organ, have shown that its venous circulation reflects the impact of maternal hyperglycemia. Umbilical return from the placenta is disproportionately distributed to the fetal liver (more than in normally growing fetuses, and more than in non-diabetic macrosomia). However, what is set as a pattern at midtrimester is not followed up in the 3rd trimester when high fetal growth continues but no longer correspondingly supported by the umbilical flow to the liver (mL min−1 kg−1 is low). Thus, the status at 3rd trimester is as follows: umbilical flow does not match fetal growth, but the fetal liver still takes a major proportion of the placental return leaving less for the ductus venosus (DV). A distended DV does not help; rather it indicates reduced residual compensatory mechanisms to face hypoxic challenges.The new insights suggest taking into consideration the fetal liver when assessing risks in diabetic pregnancies at 3rd trimester. Measuring umbilical venous flow and its distribution requires high level of skills and accurate techniques, but in the left portal branch (between the DV inlet and the junction with the portal main stem), the blood velocity is regularly accessible and it reflects the skewed umbilical flow to the liver, and its consequences, in a graded manner. Resumen: Si bien la biometría y el Doppler han demostrado ser útiles en el manejo de la restricción del crecimiento fetal, dichos exámenes han sido de menor ayuda en los embarazos en pacientes diabéticas. Esto no sorprende dado que la fisiopatología subyacente es fundamentalmente diferente. Estudios recientes del hígado fetal, un órgano metabólico clave, han demostrado que su circulación venosa refleja el impacto de la hiperglucemia materna. El retorno umbilical desde la placenta se distribuye de manera desproporcionada al hígado fetal (más que en los fetos de crecimiento normal y más que en la macrosomía no diabética). Sin embargo, lo que se establece como un patrón en el segundo trimestre no persiste en el tercer trimestre cuando al continuar el alto crecimiento no es apoyado proporcionalmente por el flujo umbilical al hígado (mL min−1 kg−1 es bajo). Por lo tanto, el estado en el tercer trimestre es el siguiente: el flujo umbilical no coincide con el crecimiento fetal, pero el hígado fetal sigue tomando una proporción importante del retorno placentario, dejando menos para el ductus venosos (DV). Un DV distendido no ayuda; más bien indica mecanismos compensatorios residuales reducidos para enfrentar desafíos hipóxicos.Los nuevos conocimientos sugieren tener en cuenta el hígado fetal al evaluar los riesgos en los embarazos diabéticos en el tercer trimestre. Medir el flujo venoso umbilical y su distribución requiere de un alto nivel de habilidad y técnicas precisas, pero en la rama portal izquierda (entre la entrada del DV y la unión con la vena porta), la velocidad de la sangre es habitualmente accesible y refleja el flujo umbilical sesgado al hígado, y sus consecuencias, de manera medible.

Introducción: El diagnóstico de cáncer pulmonar al igual que el de los nódulos pulmonares se encuentra en aumento. La biopsia percutánea se ha convertido en una herramienta trascendental para su diagnóstico. Tradicionalmente la tomografía computada es empleada para estos procedimientos por su capacidad para demostrar con claridad los huesos y el pulmón aireado. Sin embargo, en casos seleccionados puede efectuarse con ecografía. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo realizado entre enero de 2020 y diciembre de 2021, durante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Todos los pacientes tenían lesiones pulmonares de base pleural o lesiones pleurales, algunos con antecedentes conocidos de cáncer. Resultados: Se realizaron 36 procedimientos, en 32 (88,9%) la muestra obtenida presentó rédito diagnóstico y la prueba adicional más utilizada fue la Inmunohistoquímica en 23 (63,9%). Se reportaron complicaciones en 5 pacientes (13,9%): 2 con neumotórax leve, 2 con hemotórax (1 leve y 1 moderado) y 1 paciente refirió dolor. Conclusión: La ecografía es un método válido para ser usado como guía de biopsias de lesiones pleurales y pulmonares periféricas. La tasa de complicaciones y reedito diagnóstico ha demostrado estar en línea con la experiencia de otros autores y guías internacionales.