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Background: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most common causes of death. Various clinical and experimental investigations demonstrate that metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, exhibits cardioprotective properties against myocardial infarction. The present study was designed to observe the cardioprotective effect of metformin, in isoproterenol induced myocardial injury in rats. Methods and Materials: A total number of 35 rats were taken for the experiment. Wistar Albino rats of either sex, were divided into 5 groups (n=7). After grouping, two groups Group III and Group V were induced diabetes by administration of single dose of Alloxan Monohydrate 120mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally. Group IV and V received metformin 100mg/kg/day for 4 weeks (2nd week – 5th week) and then isoproterenol 85mg/kg/day was given intraperitoneally 24 to 48 hour prior to scarifice (1st and 2nd day of 6th week). Biochemical parameters LDH and troponin I levels were estimated. Histopathological examination of heart was also done. Results: Results showed, mean LDH, Troponin-I levels of Isoproterenol treated diabetic group G-III were 913.71±24.2, 2.19±0.07. The levels were 498.57±15.1, 1.13±0.08, in G-V. Mean LDH, Troponin-I levels were 793.71±70.4, 1.36±0.05 G–II and levels were 411.57±21.9, 0.16±0.05 in G-IV. P (

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common disease in the world. Depression is most common among Diabetic patients, that causes morbidity and mortality. For prevention, we need to anti depressive agents with continued treatment for better compliance. So, it is important evaluate the efficacy of Escitalopram (SSRI) for better glycemic control in Diabetic Depressive patients. Objective: To assess the effect of Escitalopram (SSRI) on glycemic control in Type-2 Diabetic Depressive patients. Methods and Materials: A prospective observational study was done in Sir Salimullah Medical College and Mitford Hospital and BIRDEM General Hospital from January 2018 to December 2018.A total number of 35 diabetic and newly diagnosed depressive patients were taken and given tab. Escitalopram with continued diabetic treatment. Here, pre and post baseline investigations (FBG, Post prandial blood glucose and HbA1c levels) measured on day 1 , follow up at 6 weeks,12 weeks and then compared. Results: Patients treated with Escitalopram, pretreatment shows mean base line FBG 10.41 ±1.84mmol/L which was reduced to 8.56±1.55 mmol/L at 6 weeks and 7.51±1.26mmol/ L on 12 weeks. Similarly baseline mean 2HABF (post prandial) blood glucose 14.16±2.48mmol/L which was reduced to 12.41.01±2.34 mmol/L on 6 weeks and 10.96±1.75 mmol/L in 12 weeks .Mean baseline HbA1c 8.88±0.67% after in 12 weeks it was reduced to 7.82±0.98% . Here significant changed in blood glucose and HbA1c levels compared to pretreatment with Escitalopram (Treatment glucose and HbA1c levels compared to pretreatment with Escitalopram & only anti diabetic drugs. Conclusion: Escitalopram has better efficacy on glycemic control in Diabetic Depressive patients than patients treated with antidiabetic alone. Sir Salimullah Med Coll J 2021; 29(2): 100-104

With recent development, agritourism – visiting a working agricultural setting such as farm and ranch for leisure, recreation, or educational purposes – is gaining popularity in the US. Agritourism can be considered as a viable alternative agricultural enterprise to enhance income and sustainability of farms. This study maps agritourism locations and analyzes the structural factors affecting agritourism location and establishments. Using zip-code level location information, county-level data from Tennessee and spatial regression models, we found significant effects of rural factors, demographics, and educational-, economic-, and cultural- capital factors and their interactions on the location and establishment of agritourism farms. The counties lagging behind in agritourism can focus on educational and capital related factors to enable farms to participate in agritourism activities. Rural areas can capitalize the recreational and natural aspects of agriculture complementing it with agritourism activities. Additionally, our significant spatial terms and tests suggest for the need to test and account for potential spatial effects on studies focused on structural factors and location decision models.

Demand for organically produced foods continues to show double-digit growth. However, production of certified organic food in the US has lagged significantly. Hence it provides tremendous scope as well as a challenge for the U.S. organic food production (OFP) sector. This study investigates the impact of farmer’s participation in certified OFP on farm financial performance. Using a 2012 nationwide farm-level survey and an unconditional quantile regression (UQR) approach, we find a significant heterogeneous effect of certified OFP across quantiles of farm financial performance measures (i.e., total sales and net cash farm income). Findings show that participation in certified OFP is positive and varies across the unconditional total sales quantile. The marginal impact of participation in certified OFP is higher for farms generating higher sales and net cash income, top three quantiles (75th and up). However, small farms tend to benefit from participation in certified OFP when we use farm sales as performance measure. Finally, UQR estimates show that gender of the operator, off-farm work, marketing contracts, and direct-to-consumer sales have a significant impact on farm financial performance.