Search

This research assesses the potential of news reporting by using social media platform to create conversational spaces for vigorous engagement of public who are victims of violation of human rights in occupied Kashmir after conflict of 5 Aug 2019.This research is conducted through non probability sampling technique and systematic literature review. Specifically Youth is the target audience of this research through which the survey is conducted to see what they think is happening in IOK and what medium they rely on. It evaluates the perception of youth about human rights and also explores the relationship between the content of social media and citizen journalism in regard of creating awareness among youth about the human rights in IOK. Social media not only a source of connecting people, means of entertainment but also educate its viewers on current affairs, happenings around the globe and National and International affairs. As majority of the people including youth is not aware of the true image of what is happening in Indian Occupies Kashmir also what are human rights and why they are important. The findings are measured from the cruel activities of India after conflict of5 Aug 2019 in the occupied terror ties of Kashmir. This research discusses the use of citizen journalism approach for reporting incidents of human rights by eyewitness and victims to create public sphere at global level for democratic and human right

The pandemic of COVID -19 is a healthcare emergency of International concern. It originated in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and was declared as pandemic by WHO on 12 March 2020. Since then it is raging relentlessly across the world with staggering more than 60 lakh cases in India currently. This has put a tremendous strain on already frail and overburdened Indian healthcare system and aggravated concern in the accessibility to healthcare by common mass due to prevailing lockdown conditions. This has sparkled to re-think and renew the policy on healthcare and focus on relevance, reach and utilize the potential of telemedicine services for the delivery of healthcare to community. This term telemedicine has been in use since 1970s but became fully operational globally in early 2000. Now about 20 years later we find a revolutionary change in the focus of health services delivery towards community healthcare and wellbeing In this article we aim to analyze the difficulties and hurdles faced by non COVID patients and challenges in front of the government to dispense basic healthcare to those in need. We need to tap all our resources particularly ICT for healthcare delivery and use this adversity of COVID 19 pandemic as an opportunity to build on our capacity and expertise in the area of Telemedicine for the betterment of community healthcare.

Media literacy is an emergent field in developed countries and became an integral part of the school system and has been integrated in the educational curriculum. The present paper highlights the teachers’ perception regarding media literacy awareness and their opinions and readiness of media literacy at school level. The study used constructivist learning theory for theoretical framework. This study supports constructivist learning theory that transforms students being passive recipient to more active participant in getting the information for their learning process and hence helps in preparing children to explore, investigate and experiment with the media available in the classroom. The study has shown that teachers are not well aware of media literacy concept and the teaching of media literacy through rote learning or traditional practice may not produce productive results. The curriculum needs to aim at the active participation of students by making the lessons functional and would provide students with competences and critical approach towards mediated content rather than becoming passive consumer of media.

This paper presents a new immunity-based approach to measure the displacement of nodes (or points of interest) in successive-yetsparse images, in order to measure the settlement of deep-foundations under heavy loads. It is developed as a close-range photogrammetric technique to search the nodes, similar to immune-cells searching bacteria in their vicinity. The immunological concepts of chemotaxis, biased random walk, diffusion and inflammation are implemented herein to accomplish the task. The technique greatly reduces the errors and is also validated on site of a mega project to record the settlements in deep foundations. The accuracy levels are found to be conforming to ASTM’s standards for static load testing, including both compression and lateral-load tests. Unlike other techniques, such as particle image velocimetry, this approach is able to handle successive-images with varying ΔT between them. Furthermore, the technique is completely autonomous and does not require any embedded instrumentation.

Context: India has 18% of the global population and an increasing burden of chronic respiratory diseases. The prevalence of Metabolic syndrome (MS) was found to be as high as 39.7% among Indian population. Metabolic syndrome is found to be more common in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) when compared to the general population. This study was done to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in COPD and the association of systemic inflammation in COPD patients with metabolic syndrome. Methodology: This study enrolled 150 consecutive consenting patients of stable COPD attending the outpatient pulmonology department. Detailed history, clinical examination, spirometry, and relevant routine laboratory investigations including complete blood count, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were done. In addition, hsCRP, Serum lactate and Vitamin D level was assessed in all patients. Diagnosis of COPD and Metabolic syndrome was done according to GOLD guidelines, 2018 and the International Diabetes Federation criteria respectively. Result: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 27.3% in our COPD patients. The frequency of metabolic syndrome in GOLD stage I, II, III, and IV was 75%, 32%, 17%, and 13.5%, respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship of blood leucocyte count (OR = 0.342, CI = 0.171-0.686), hs-CRP (OR = 0.020, CI = 0.003-0.122), pack years (OR = 1.083, CI = 1.026-1.14) and vitamin D levels (OR = 1.219, CI = 1.093-1.359) with metabolic syndrome in COPD patients. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome is a co-morbidity that is very often overlooked in patients of COPD. Systemic inflammation which is a common characteristic of both COPD and Metabolic syndrome has been found to be an important contributor towards cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

Localizing small damages often requires sensors be mounted in the proximity of damage to obtain high Signal-to-Noise Ratio in system frequency response to input excitation. The proximity requirement limits the applicability of existing schemes for low-severity damage detection as an estimate of damage location may not be known a priori. In this work it is shown that spatial locality is not a fundamental impediment; multiple small damages can still be detected with high accuracy provided that the frequency range beyond the first five natural frequencies is utilized in the Frequency response functions (FRF) curvature method. The proposed method presented in this paper applies sensitivity analysis to systematically unearth frequency ranges capable of elevating damage index peak at correct damage locations. It is a baseline-free method that employs a smoothing polynomial to emulate reference curvatures for the undamaged structure. Numerical simulation of steel-beam shows that small multiple damages of severity as low as 5% can be reliably detected by including frequency range covering 5–10th natural frequencies. The efficacy of the scheme is also experimentally validated for the same beam. It is also found that a simple noise filtration scheme such as a Gaussian moving average filter can adequately remove false peaks from the damage index profile.

International audience; Afghan war has long been considered as a strategic failure, as the US could neither bring an end to the violence, nor ensure complete territorial control. Deteriorating security situation has also endangered stability of the adjoining states. With the failure of military means to resolve Afghan crisis, the need for a political solution gained momentum resulting in the US-Taliban agreement in early 2020. This study traces out why, despite various rounds of talks and initiatives of reconciliation and peace process, the successful stability could not be achieved in Afghanistan. The study concluded that all the stake-holders continued to pursue unrealistic objectives, resulting in failure of the previous efforts of peace talks.; La guerre en Afghanistan a longtemps été considérée comme un échec stratégique, car les États-Unis ne pouvaient ni mettre un terme à la violence, ni assurer un contrôle territorial complet. La détérioration de la situation en matière de sécurité a également mis en danger la stabilité des États voisins. Avec l'échec des moyens militaires pour résoudre la crise afghane, la nécessité d'une solution politique a pris de l'ampleur, ce qui a abouti à l'accord américano-taliban au début de 2020. une stabilité réussie ne peut être obtenue en Afghanistan. L'étude a conclu que toutes les parties prenantes ont continué à poursuivre des objectifs irréalistes, ce qui a entraîné l'échec des efforts antérieurs de pourparlers de paix.

Pulmonary involvement is common in patients with systemic sclerosis. The most common underlying histology is Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP). Disrupted immunity from the disease or associated medication may render such patients prone to develop tuberculosis infection. A 55-year-old female patient presented with chief complaints of shortness of breath from past five years which was gradually progressive, cough initially dry later with minimal expectoration, low grade fever from past two months. She also gave history of bluish discolouration of fingers tips on exposure to cold water. On examination there was restrictive mouth opening, thickened skin over hands, forearm, face, neck and trunk on pinching. Sclerodactyly was present with clubbing grade 2. On auscultation bilateral fine crepts were present. Serum ANA was highly raised and Scl 70 was positive. PFT was suggestive of restrictive ventilatory abnormality. Sputum smear for AFB was found to be positive. HRCT thorax was suggestive of NSIP. Patient was put on antituberculer treatment under DOTS category 1; nifedipine, pentoxyphylline and nitroglycerine gel was started for raynauds phenomenon. Chemotherapy for systemic sclerosis was given with cyclophosphamide infusion in six cycles every four weeks.

Low-severity multiple damage detection relies on sensing minute deviations in the vibrational or dynamical characteristics of the structure. The problem becomes complicated when the reference vibrational profile of the healthy structure and corresponding input excitation, is unavailable as frequently experienced in real-life scenarios. Detection methods that require neither undamaged vibrational profile (baseline-free) nor excitation information (output-only) constitute state-of-art in structural health monitoring. Unfortunately, their efficacy is ultimately limited by non-ideal input excitation masking crucial attributes of system response such as resonant frequency peaks beyond first (few) natural frequency(ies) which can better resolve the issue of multiple damage detection. This study presents an improved frequency response function curvature method which is both baseline-free and output-only. It employs the cepstrum technique to eliminate [Formula: see text] decay of higher resonance peaks caused by the temporal spread of real impulse excitation. Long-pass liftering screens out the bulk of low-frequency sensor noise along with the excitation. With more visible resonant peaks, the cepstrum purified frequency response functions (regenerated frequency response functions) register finer deviation from an estimated baseline frequency response function and yield an accurate damage index profile. The simulation and experimental results on the beam show that the proposed method can successfully locate multiple damages of severity as low as 5%.

This study describes the work carried out with the intention of accomplishing the ultimate objective of effective damage detection in structures, using their vibration parameters. As compared to the other vibration parameters, i.e., mode shape curvatures, damage indices, and flexibility curvatures, modal strain energy method (MSEM) showed high stability of damage detection. However, MSEM requires the information of a baseline model or healthy structure, which is then compared with that of a tested structure, to locate any stiffness reduction. In this paper, a baseline-free approach is presented to improve the accuracy of damage detection using the MSEM. Results from numerical simulations with experimental testing on a beam are presented by considering various damage scenarios, i.e., single and multiple damage with damage severity as small as 25% and as large as 50% thickness reduction. For all cases, the proposed approach is found to generate results with comparatively fewer noisy peaks in the damage index without requiring any reference or baseline data.

Context: The global scenario of illness is shifting from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases, with chronic conditions such as heart diseases, stroke and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) now being chief causes of death globally and more than 90% of deaths due to COPD occur in low and midline income countries.[1] Low serum vitamin D level is associated with various lung diseases and decreased lung function.[2] Aims: This study was designed to study the serum vitamin D level and its correlation with severity of COPD as assessed by spirometry, COPD assessment test (CAT) and exercise capacity and BMI of COPD patients. Settings and Design: Observational cross sectional study conducted on patients of COPD attending the outpatient department. Materials and Methods: One hundred sixty consecutive patients of COPD attending the outpatient Department were included in the study. Pack years, CAT score, 6 minute walk distance, post bronchodilator spirometry values and BMI was recorded along with complete history and physical examination. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistics, Independent sample t test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation were applied. Results: A significant positive correlation was found between FeV1% of predicted and serum Vitamin D level(r = 0.291; P < 0.001). A negative correlation was found between serum Vitamin D level and severity of COPD as assessed by CAT score (r = -0.355; P < 0.001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between vitamin D levels and exercise capacity as assessed by 6 minute walk test (6MsWT) (r = 0.648; P < 0.001). Conclusions: COPD patients with more severe disease tend to have lower serum Vitamin D levels. As it is an immunomodulator affecting various inflammatory pathways, it is imperative that we give due consideration to Vitamin D levels in managing patients of COPD.

Isolated pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of malignant melanoma. A 46 year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of shortness of breath during the previous month. A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging scan of his thorax showed right-sided pleural effusion with the absence of any mass lesion or mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Cytology of his pleural fluid showed pigmented cells suggestive of malignant melanoma. Staining of the pleural fluid cells with immunohistological markers for melanoma (HMB 45 and S 100) were positive. An examination of his skin did not reveal any pigmented lesion, nor was there a past history of malignant melanoma for this patient. The patient responded well to therapy for malignant melanoma and has remained asymptomatic for the last year. This patient was diagnosed with a rare case of primary malignant melanoma of the pleura presenting as isolated pleural effusion.

Myelomatous pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of multiple myeloma. A 65-year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of dyspnea and left-sided chest pain. His contrast enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed left-sided pleural effusion with multiple pleural nodules. His pleural fluid cytology shows malignant plasma cells with eccentric nuclei and cart wheel chromatin and a few cells showing binucleation and multinucleation suggestive of plasma cell myeloma. His pleural fluid and serum electrophoresis showed a distinct band in the gamma globulin region (M-spike). On immunofixation of pleural fluid and serum, immunoglobulin G lambda light chain band was detected. Bone marrow aspiration showed sheets of malignant plasma cells with large and binucleated cells suggestive of multiple myeloma. The patient was diagnosed with multiple myeloma presenting as myelomatous pleural effusion. Intercostal tube drainage and then pleurodesis with talc was performed.

Light chain multiple myeloma occurs in 20% of multiple myeloma cases. Extramedullary dissemination of multiple myeloma is rare and involvement of pleura by it is even more rare. A 40 years old female patient presented with complains of recurrent vomiting for last 2 months and cough with expectoration for last 1 week. Chest X-Ray (PA view) showed a rounded homogenous opacity in mid zone of left lung field. CECT (thorax) showed pleura based soft tissue density mass lesions overlying apicoposterior segment of left upper lobe and lingular lobe with lytic destruction of underlying 2nd rib. Ultrasound scan of abdomen was normal. CT guided FNAC from soft tissue mass lesion of left side revealed atypical plasma cells, some of them were binucleate and few appear pleomorphic. Bone marrow aspiration showed 20% atypical plasma cells. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed a thin discrete band in gamma globulin region, while serum immunofixation electrophoresis showed presence of lambda light chain band only, with absence of kappa band, IgG band, IgM band and IgA band. Patient was diagnosed as a case of lambda light chain multiple myeloma with extramedullary dissemination to pleura presenting as pleural mass.

Context: Recurrent pneumothorax is common in cavitory pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is extremely rare in miliary tuberculosis. Case Report: A 25 year old female patient presented to us with the complains of shortness of breath since 3 days. She was also having fever and cough since 3 months. Chest roentgenogram (PA view) on admission showed a left sided pneumothorax with miliary mottling. An intercostals tube drainage was done on the left side resulting in relief of symptoms. Two days post intercostals tube drainage chest X ray (PA view) showed complete resolution of pneumothorax, and intercostals tube was removed. Patient was discharged on antitubercular drugs. After 1 month patient again presented to us with severe breathlessness, on repeat chest X ray pneumothorax again developed on left side, urgent intercostals tube drainage was done, and patient relieved immediately. Patient was kept in the hospital for 12 days and, and was discharged after intercostals tube removal. Conclusion: If a patient of miliary tuberculosis presents with shortness of breath diagnosis of pneumothorax should be considered.

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is an extremely rare vascular disease. It is usually secondary to intravenous drug abuse, prolonged central venous catheterization or deep head-neck infections or trauma. Associated malignancies are uncommon and not well documented in the etiology of IJV thrombosis. A 25-year-old male presented with complains of neck swelling on left side for last 1 month and shortness of breath for last 10 days with no ear or nose complain. Examination of his neck showed swelling along the anterior border of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. An ultrasound scan of the neck and CECT neck revealed left IJV thrombosis. CECT thorax showed anterior mediastinal mass which on biopsy comes out to be non Hodgkin lymphoma. IV heparin was given for IJV thrombosis and patient was referred to radiotherapy department for further treatment.

Extraosseous Ewing sarcoma is a rare soft tissue tumour that is histologically indistinguishable from the bone Ewing sarcoma. The translocation involving chromosome 22 along with CD 99 expression is pathognomonic and is useful in differentiating from other small round cell tumours. Primary lung involvement by this malignant tumour is very uncommon and up to this date only ten cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 15 year-old-female who presented with a huge lung mass causing an opaque haemithorax.

Hydatid cyst is a disease caused by a parasitic tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, and most commonly involves liver and lung. Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst can present a diagnostic challenge, and radiograph can be inconclusive. Anaphylactic reaction is a rare complication of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. A 22-year-old male came to our emergency department in shock with symptoms of shortness of breath and altered mental status from the previous day. Radiograph showed a thin-walled circular translucent area in the right upper lung field, which was misdiagnosed as pneumothorax, and an intercostal chest tube was inserted. After 5 days, repeat radiograph revealed a cavity with an air/fluid level. The chest tube was removed and contrast-enhanced computed tomogram showed a cavity with water-lily sign, which suggests ruptured hydatid cyst. Immunoglobin-G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for Echinococcus was positive. The patient responded well to treatment with crystalloid infusion, supplemental oxygen, and albendazole, and then underwent surgery. Anaphylactic reaction due to rupture of a hydatid cyst is rare, but hydatid disease should be suspected in patients from areas where Echinococcus is endemic.

Subcutaneous tissue emphysema is observed in a several clinical settings but spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema in the absence of pneumothorax with broncho pleuro subcutaneous fistula is rare. We report a case of spontaneous subcutaneous emphysema secondary to cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis in the absence of pneumothorax.