174 results on '"Unauthorized Immigrants"'
Search Results
2. Gender-inequitable discrimination? A survey experiment on the gendered implications of unauthorized immigrant narratives.
- Author
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Otero-Asmar, Yulianna, Liu, Li-Yin, and Yeh, Yao-Yuan
- Subjects
- *
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *SEX discrimination , *PUBLIC safety , *NARRATIVES - Abstract
The existing framing and narrative studies focus on the influence of framing and narratives targeting one population as a whole but neglect how these can affect the subgroups of the target population differently. Using a survey experiment, this research investigates whether and how implicitly gendered narrative cues affect public acceptance of male or female unauthorized immigrants from Mexico and the Northern Triangle. Based on the experimental results, younger male unauthorized immigrants were less likely to be accepted by participants when public safety cues were presented and more likely to be accepted when economic contribution cues were presented. Conversely, female unauthorized immigrants were less favored by participants when economic contribution cues were presented and more favored when public safety cues were presented. These findings show how the dominant narratives contribute to the publics' gender biases against unauthorized immigrants and reveal future direction for developing narratives and framing studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. From the eagle's nest: Texas sheriffs' views on illegal immigration.
- Author
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Meitl, Michele Bisaccia, Wellman, Ashley, and Kinkaid, Patrick
- Subjects
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,SHERIFFS ,IMMIGRATION enforcement ,EAGLES ,IMMIGRATION policy - Abstract
Local elected sheriffs increasingly have responsibility to implement immigration policies, yet sheriffs are rarely studied in criminal justice. By measuring the attitudes of Texas sheriffs, we seek to understand their important views on immigration in the United States. A census was completed with Texas sheriffs in late 2019 and early 2020. Views were sought on (1) controlling unauthorized immigration, (2) pathways to citizenship, and (3) unauthorized immigration and crime. A strong return rate captured the views of 142 (56%) respondent sheriffs from both rural and urban counties. Findings indicate that a majority of Texas sheriffs see a link between authorized immigrants and crime, see a limited path to citizenship and view the primary enforcement of immigration to be a federal prerogative. Practical implications and future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Risk of Poor Outcomes with COVID-19 Among U.S. Detained Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
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Patler, Caitlin and Saadi, Altaf
- Subjects
Health Services and Systems ,Health Sciences ,Human Society ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adult ,Aged ,COVID-19 ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Female ,Health Services Accessibility ,Healthcare Disparities ,Humans ,Jails ,Male ,Medicare ,Middle Aged ,Prevalence ,SARS-CoV-2 ,United States ,Immigration ,Unauthorized immigrants ,Detention ,Public Health and Health Services ,Public Health ,Epidemiology ,Public health ,Sociology - Abstract
Conditions in immigrant detention centers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. However, there is no publicly-available data on detainees' health characteristics, making it difficult to estimate the prevalence of risk among detained people. We use cross-sectional survey data from the only survey of detained immigrants, conducted in California in 2013-2014, to assess the prevalence and health-related correlates of health conditions among detained immigrants. We calculated the proportion of detained immigrants with chronic conditions, their interruptions in care, and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, evaluating differences using two-tailed tests. Among 529 detained immigrants, 42.5% had at least one chronic health condition; 15.5% had multiple chronic conditions. 20.9% experienced disruption in care upon entering detention. 95.6% had access to stable housing in the U.S. Many detained people face health conditions that confer greater risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19. Stable residence can facilitate release of detainees via Alternatives to Detention programs.
- Published
- 2021
5. Health Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence and Help-seeking Among Unauthorized Immigrant Women.
- Author
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Shuman, Sara, Pollitt, Amanda M., O'Brien, Matthew, Ibrahim, Jennifer, and Gupta, Jhumka
- Subjects
- *
CROSS-sectional method , *MULTIPLE regression analysis , *HELP-seeking behavior , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *INTIMATE partner violence , *PSYCHOLOGY of women , *MENTAL depression , *QUALITY of life , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CENTER for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) research on immigrant women who are unauthorized is particularly scarce, despite unique vulnerabilities associated with their documentation status that may impact help-seeking and health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to document the frequency of lifetime IPV and related help-seeking behaviors, and examine the relationship between IPV, major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) among a community health center-based sample of unauthorized, Spanish-speaking immigrant women in Philadelphia. A clinic-based sample of unauthorized Spanish-speaking women (N = 200, ages 18-65) completed an anonymous, cross-sectional survey on IPV experiences, help-seeking behaviors, and self-reported health in 2013-2014. Chi-square tests assessed associations between sociodemographic variables and IPV. Multivariable logistic regression investigated whether IPV predicted mental health outcomes. Approximately one in three (34.5%) women reported lifetime IPV experiences. Of these, half (56.6%) sought help (formal n = 22; informal n = 25) because of the violence. Women identified not knowing where to go, believing that help was not necessary, and embarrassment as barriers to help-seeking. Symptoms consistent with MDD and PTSD were reported by 40.5% and 16% of the sample, respectively. In unadjusted logistic regression models, IPV survivors were more likely to endorse MDD and PTSD, and report low mental health HRQL scores than counterparts without IPV. In fully adjusted models, only the association between IPV and PTSD remained significant (OR: 3.80, p =.01). Study findings document high frequencies of IPV, MDD, and PTSD among this clinic-based sample of unauthorized immigrant women. Women who reported IPV also had a greater likelihood of reporting symptoms consistent with PTSD. Findings highlight the need for clinic-based mental health and trauma-informed services tailored to unauthorized immigrant women as well as interventions to decrease IPV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Driving while unauthorized: Auto insurance remains unchanged when providing driver licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California.
- Author
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Lueders, Hans and Mumper, Micah
- Subjects
DRIVERS' licenses ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,AUTOMOBILE insurance ,INSURANCE premiums - Abstract
Several states have recently implemented driver license reforms that give unauthorized immigrants access to driver licenses, aiming to reduce uninsured driving and lower premium costs. We test this expectation in the context of California's Assembly Bill 60 (AB60). AB60 gives about 2.6 million unauthorized immigrants access to driver licenses, making it the largest policy of its kind. Exploiting cross‐county variation in the estimated number of AB60 licenses, we find no measurable effects on auto insurance uptake or premium costs. A power analysis and multiple robustness checks corroborate this conclusion. We interpret our results to suggest that most newly licensed unauthorized immigrants were already driving before the reform to access work and basic services. Furthermore, unauthorized drivers may already have had access to an insured vehicle. Our research revisits prominent claims about the effects of driver license reforms and provides much‐needed empirical evidence to a controversial policy debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. The Relationship Between Legal Status and Housing Cost Burden for Immigrants in the United States.
- Author
-
Allen, Ryan
- Abstract
In recent decades, the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased substantially, while simultaneously housing affordability has become a crisis. Despite these trends and the role that immigrant legal status plays in stratifying immigrants over a range of social and economic outcomes, little research focuses on the relationship between immigrant legal status and housing affordability. Using a nationally representative data set and a logical imputation method that estimates immigrant legal status in the data, this article explores the relationship between immigrant legal status and housing cost burden. Results from logit regression models indicate that unauthorized immigrant and mixed legal status renter households are more likely to experience housing cost burden than are households comprised of immigrants living in the United States lawfully or native-born residents, even after controlling for a variety of factors. Among owner households, households of unauthorized and mixed legal status are more likely to experience housing cost burden than are native-born households. As a result, unauthorized immigrants and their families likely experience a disadvantage in the housing market of the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations
- Author
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Sven Ove Hansson, Gert Helgesson, and Niklas Juth
- Subjects
Covid-19 ,Pandemic ,Testing ,Priority-setting ,Direct-to-consumer tests ,Unauthorized immigrants ,Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ,R723-726 - Abstract
Abstract Background In the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, difficult decisions had to be made on the allocation of testing resources. Similar situations can arise in future pandemics. Therefore, careful consideration of who should be tested is an important part of pandemic preparedness. We focus on four ethical aspects of that problem: how to prioritize scarce testing resources, the regulation of commercial direct-to-consumer test services, testing of unauthorized immigrants, and obligatory testing. Main text The distribution of scarce resources for testing: We emphasize the use of needs-based criteria, but also acknowledge the importance of choosing a testing strategy that contributes efficiently to stopping the overall spread of the disease. Commercial direct-to-consumer test services: Except in cases of acute scarcity, such services will in practice have to be allowed. We propose that they should be subject to regulation that ensures test quality and adequate information to users. Testing of unauthorized immigrants, their children and other people with unclear legal status: Like everyone else, these individuals may be in need of testing, and it is in society’s interest to reach them with testing in order to stop the spread of the disease. A society that offers comprehensive medical services to unauthorized immigrants is in a much better position to reach them in a pandemic than a society that previously excluded them from healthcare. Obligatory testing: While there are often strong reasons for universal testing in residential areas or on workplaces, there are in most cases better ways to achieve testing coverage than to make testing mandatory. Conclusion In summary, we propose (1) decision-making primarily based on needs-based criteria, (2) strict regulation but not prohibition of direct-to-consumer test services, (3) test services offered to unauthorized immigrants, preferably as part of comprehensive medical services, and (4) broad outreach of testing services whenever possible, but in general not obligatory testing.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Rearrests of Noncitizens Subsequent to Immigration Removal From the United States.
- Author
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Wong, Jennifer S. and Hickman, Laura J.
- Subjects
NONCITIZENS ,CRIMINAL justice system ,UNITED States emigration & immigration - Abstract
Deportation or removal from the United States for criminal justice–involved noncitizens has been described as analogous to incapacitation. A common assertion is that if immigration authorities remove these noncitizens from the United States, future criminal justice involvement will be averted. The present study explores the hypothesized incapacitation effect of immigration removal and tests whether a record of prior removal predicts postremoval rearrest patterns. The sample consists of 521 foreign-born males with a verified immigration removal from the United States, following transfer into federal immigration custody from Los Angeles County Jail in 2002. California rearrests after the date of verified U.S. removal were tracked through 2011. Results indicate that 48% of the sample was rearrested at least once and 22% had three or more postremoval arrests. These findings do not support the hypothesis that deportation equates to permanent incapacitation. The study also found that a record of prior removal did not predict postremoval rearrest likelihood or frequency. As a single longitudinal study and the first of its kind, these results alone cannot inform responsible policy recommendations. The study does, however, highlight directions for further research and the pressing need for access to individual-level immigration data for empirical study and public distribution of results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Suburban battles over immigration: a case study of local day labourer policies.
- Author
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de Wilde, Marieke, Nicholls, Walter J., and Vermeulen, Floris
- Subjects
- *
DAY laborers , *FOREIGN workers , *IMMIGRANTS , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *SUBURBS ,UNITED States immigration policy - Abstract
Over the past thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrant day labourers in the United States. The presence of day labourers has led to numerous conflicts in municipalities. Some locals benefit from the labour performed by day labourers and believe they do no harm, while others see them as "illegal" immigrants that pose a threat to the community. For many, the legitimacy of day labourers remains uncertain, which opens a space for opponents and supporters to push for competing policies. Uncertain legitimacy and back and forth conflicts result in policies that are continuously being tugged between exclusionary and inclusionary measures. Whereas much of the literature on local immigration policies suggests that subnational governments opt for either exclusionary or inclusionary measures, this paper reveals the volatility of local immigration policies and the blurring of lines between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The Escalation of Immigration Control
- Author
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Andreas, Peter, author
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Immigration policy and fertility: Evidence from undocumented migrants in the U.S.
- Author
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Amuedo-Dorantes, Catalina and Arenas-Arroyo, Esther
- Subjects
- *
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *IMMIGRATION policy , *AMERICAN Community Survey , *FERTILITY , *IMMIGRATION enforcement , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
Using the 2005–2014 waves of the American Community Survey –a period characterized by the rapid expansion of interior immigration enforcement initiatives across the United States, we evaluate the impact of a tougher policy environment on undocumented immigrants' fertility. We find that a one standard deviation increases in enforcement lowers childbearing among likely undocumented women by 5%. The effect stems from police-based measures linked to increased deportations, which may raise uncertainty about the future of the family unit and its resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations.
- Author
-
Hansson, Sven Ove, Helgesson, Gert, and Juth, Niklas
- Subjects
PANDEMICS ,COVID-19 pandemic ,INFECTIOUS disease transmission ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,RESIDENTIAL areas ,ETHICAL problems - Abstract
Background: In the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, difficult decisions had to be made on the allocation of testing resources. Similar situations can arise in future pandemics. Therefore, careful consideration of who should be tested is an important part of pandemic preparedness. We focus on four ethical aspects of that problem: how to prioritize scarce testing resources, the regulation of commercial direct-to-consumer test services, testing of unauthorized immigrants, and obligatory testing.Main Text: The distribution of scarce resources for testing: We emphasize the use of needs-based criteria, but also acknowledge the importance of choosing a testing strategy that contributes efficiently to stopping the overall spread of the disease. Commercial direct-to-consumer test services: Except in cases of acute scarcity, such services will in practice have to be allowed. We propose that they should be subject to regulation that ensures test quality and adequate information to users. Testing of unauthorized immigrants, their children and other people with unclear legal status: Like everyone else, these individuals may be in need of testing, and it is in society's interest to reach them with testing in order to stop the spread of the disease. A society that offers comprehensive medical services to unauthorized immigrants is in a much better position to reach them in a pandemic than a society that previously excluded them from healthcare. Obligatory testing: While there are often strong reasons for universal testing in residential areas or on workplaces, there are in most cases better ways to achieve testing coverage than to make testing mandatory.Conclusion: In summary, we propose (1) decision-making primarily based on needs-based criteria, (2) strict regulation but not prohibition of direct-to-consumer test services, (3) test services offered to unauthorized immigrants, preferably as part of comprehensive medical services, and (4) broad outreach of testing services whenever possible, but in general not obligatory testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. The educational experiences of DACA recipients.
- Author
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Casas, Jena B., Benuto, Lorraine T., and Newlands, Rory
- Subjects
- *
DEFERRED Action for Childhood Arrivals (U.S.) , *STUDENT aspirations , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *STRENGTH training - Abstract
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) policy has given unauthorized immigrants access to many opportunities, specifically education. While DACA has improved the lives of many undocumented immigrants, this group continues to face obstacles while pursuing their educational aspirations. Using semi-structured interviews, the current study aimed to examine the educational experiences and understand the protective factors contributing to the successes of DACA recipients enrolled in college. Overall, interviews indicated that participants' educational journies were marked by challenges that were often mitigated by perseverance, strength, and motivation. Additionally, implications for ameliorating the experiences of DACA recipients are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Unauthorized Immigrants, Reasonable Expectations, and the Right to Regularization.
- Author
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Carnes, Thomas S.
- Subjects
- *
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *EXPECTATION (Psychology) , *IMMIGRANTS' rights - Abstract
This article brings an account of reasonable expectations to bear on the question of when unauthorized immigrants have a right to be regularized--that is, to be formally guaranteed freedom from the threat of deportation. Contrary to the current literature, which implicitly relies on a flawed understanding of reasonable expectations, this article argues that only those unauthorized immigrants who have both been tacitly permitted by the state despite lacking formal authorization and have remained long enough to develop deep social roots in the state have a right to regularization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Immigration Policy as a Social Determinant of Health: Development and Initial Validation of a Measure to Assess Attitudes toward Immigrant Integration.
- Author
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Kiehne, Elizabeth and Baca-Atlas, Stefani N.
- Subjects
- *
OUTGROUPS (Social groups) , *ATTITUDE (Psychology) , *IMMIGRATION policy , *SOCIAL policy , *CONFIRMATORY factor analysis , *EXPLORATORY factor analysis - Abstract
Anti-immigrant policymaking in the U.S. is a critical social determinant of health compromising the wellbeing of immigrants and, by extension, communities of color. It is imperative that social work, public health, and other allied professions unite to address anti-immigrant policymaking by improving intergroup attitudes and building broader public support for immigrant integration. This study fills a gap in the literature by psychometrically developing and initially validating a measure of attitudes toward integrationist immigration policymaking. A three-stage study was conducted to explore, calibrate, and validate the factor structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggest there are two distinct but interrelated dimensions of attitudes toward integrationist immigration policies: support for the (a) extension of pathways to legal status and (b) expansion of eligibility for social rights and benefits. Initial evidence of criterion validity for the scale is offered. The utility of the measure for intergroup intervention testing is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. In Times of Uncertainty: The Great Recession, Immigration Enforcement, and Latino Immigrants in Alabama
- Author
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Conley, Meghan, Aysa-Lastra, María, editor, and Cachón, Lorenzo, editor
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Employer Sanctions and the Wages of Mexican Immigrants
- Author
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Peter Brownell
- Subjects
unauthorized immigrants ,wages ,employer sanctions ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Wage differences between authorized and unauthorized Mexican immigrants can be explained by human capital factors prior to the 1986 passage of employer sanctions, which prohibited knowingly hiring unauthorized aliens. However, a significant post-1986 wage differential has been interpreted as employers “passing along” expected costs of sanctions through lower wages for unauthorized immigrants. I test this explanation using administrative data on employer sanctions enforcement, finding employer sanctions enforcement levels are related to Mexican immigrants’ wages but have no statistically significant differential effect based on legal status. Estimated savings to employers due to the pay gap are orders of magnitude larger than actual fines.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Oregon's Expansion of Prenatal Care Improved Utilization Among Immigrant Women.
- Author
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Swartz, Jonas J., Hainmueller, Jens, Lawrence, Duncan, and Rodriguez, Maria I.
- Subjects
- *
CONFIDENCE intervals , *HEALTH services accessibility , *IMMIGRANTS , *INSURANCE , *MATERNAL health services , *MEDICAID , *EVALUATION of medical care , *PREGNANCY , *PRENATAL care , *RESEARCH funding - Abstract
Objectives To determine whether expanding Emergency Medicaid to cover prenatal care in Oregon affected maternal health outcomes for unauthorized immigrants. Methods This study takes place in Oregon from 2003 to 2015 and includes all Emergency Medicaid and Medicaid claims for women aged 12-51 with a pregnancy related claim. To isolate the effect of expanding access to prenatal care, we utilized a difference-in-differences approach that exploits the staggered rollout of the prenatal care program. The primary outcome was a composite measure of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Additional outcomes include adequacy of prenatal care, detection of pregnancy complications and birth outcomes. Results A total of 213,746 pregnancies were included, with 35,182 covered by Emergency Medicaid, 12,510 covered by Emergency Medicaid Plus (with prenatal care), and 166,054 covered by standard Medicaid. Emergency Medicaid Plus coverage did not affect severe maternal morbidity (all pregnancies 0.05%, CI − 0.29; 0.39; high-risk pregnancies 2.20%, CI − 0.47; 4.88). The program did reduce inadequate care among all pregnancies (− 31.75%, 95% CI − 34.47; − 29.02) and among high risk pregnancies (− 38.60%, CI − 44.17; − 33.02) and increased diagnosis of gestational diabetes (6.24%, CI 4.36; 8.13; high risk pregnancies 10.48%, CI 5.87; 15.08), and poor fetal growth (7.37%, CI 5.69; 9.05; high risk pregnancies 5.34%, CI 1.00; 9.68). The program also increased diagnosis of pre-existing diabetes mellitus (all pregnancies 2.93%, CI 2.16; 3.69), hypertensive diseases of pregnancy (all pregnancies 1.28%, CI 0.52; 2.04) and a history of preterm birth (all pregnancies 0.87%, CI 0.27; 1.47). Conclusions for Practice Oregon's prenatal care expansion program produced positive effects for unauthorized immigrant women and their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Reducing bias through indirect social contact: assessing the impact of student involvement with faculty-led research on unauthorized immigration.
- Author
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Roth, Benjamin J., Grace, Breanne G., McCool, Saffire, Ma, Kyunghee, Amageldinova, Gulzhan, Schena, Amanda, Wilborn, Ivy, and Williams, Ivory
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL work education , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *SOCIAL contact , *CULTURAL competence , *CURRICULUM - Abstract
This paper explores how working on a faculty-led research project influenced the views of Master of Social Work students concerning unauthorized immigrants. Five graduate assistants worked for one year with two faculty members and one doctoral student to code data from interviews with social workers at immigrant-serving organizations in South Carolina. The master's students then reflected on what they learned from participating in data analysis tasks, indicating that the experience had further sensitized them to the social justice concerns confronting unauthorized immigrants. Drawing on social contact theory, we argue that student participation in faculty-led research can provide a form of indirect social exposure to other groups, which reduce bias, and suggest that such experiences be included in how educators conceptualize the implicit curriculum in schools of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. <scp>E‐Verify</scp> mandates and unauthorized immigrants' health insurance coverage
- Author
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Brandyn F. Churchill
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,business.industry ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Internet privacy ,Health insurance ,Business ,E-Verify - Published
- 2021
22. Unauthorized Mexican Workers in the United States: Recent Inflows and Possible Future Scenarios.
- Author
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Orrenius, Pia M. and Zavodny, Madeline
- Subjects
LABOR market ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,EMIGRATION & immigration in Mexico ,UNITED States economy ,ECONOMIC development - Abstract
The U.S. economy has long relied on immigrant workers, many of them unauthorized, yet estimates of the inflow of unauthorized workers and the determinants of that inflow are hard to come by. This paper provides estimates of the number of newly arriving unauthorized workers from Mexico, the principal source of unauthorized immigrants to the United States, and examines how the inflow is related to U.S. and Mexico economic conditions. Our estimates suggest that annual inflows of unauthorized workers averaged about 170,000 during 1996-2014 but were much higher before the economic downturn that began in 2007. Labor market conditions in the U.S. and Mexico play key roles in this migrant flow. The models estimated here predict that annual unauthorized inflows from Mexico will be about 100,000 in the future if recent economic conditions persist, and higher if the U.S. economy booms or the Mexican economy weakens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
23. Estimating the Characteristics of Unauthorized Immigrants Using U.S. Census Data: Combined Sample Multiple Imputation.
- Author
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CAPPS, RANDY, BACHMEIER, JAMES D., and VAN HOOK, JENNIFER
- Abstract
Contemporary U.S. immigration policy debates would be better informed by more accurate data about how many unauthorized immigrants reside in the country, where they reside, and the conditions in which they live. Researchers use demographic methods to generate aggregated information about the number and demographic composition of the unauthorized immigrant population. But understanding their social and economic characteristics (e.g., educational attainment, occupations) often requires identifying likely unauthorized immigrants at the individual level. We describe a new method that pools data from the Survey of Income and program participation (SIPP), which identifies unauthorized immigrants, with data from the American Community Survey (ACS), which does not. This method treats unauthorized status as missing data to be imputed by multiple imputation techniques. Likely unauthorized immigrants in the ACS are identified based on similarities to self-reported unauthorized immigrants in the SIPP. This process allows state and local disaggregation of unauthorized immigrant populations and analysis of subpopulations such as Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) applicants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Educational Effects of Banning Access to In-State Resident Tuition for Unauthorized Immigrant Students.
- Author
-
Villarraga-Orjuela, Alexander and Kerr, Brinck
- Subjects
TUITION laws ,UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,IMMIGRANT students - Abstract
This research examines the effects of state laws banning access to in-state resident tuition for unauthorized immigrant students in the United States. These laws were implemented between 2005 and 2012. We evaluate the policy effects on (a) college enrollment, (b) school dropout rates of unauthorized immigrants, and (c) the enrollment of U.S. citizens in higher education. Multivariate triple-differences models are used. We find significant negative effects on the college attendance rates of unauthorized immigrants. Policies have primarily affected recent high school graduates. With regard to dropping out of school, we find no evidence of dynamic effects. Nor do we find evidence of benefits in college attendance for non-Hispanic, Hispanic, or Mexican naturalized citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Who should be tested in a pandemic? Ethical considerations
- Author
-
Gert Helgesson, Niklas Juth, and Sven Ove Hansson
- Subjects
Test strategy ,Health (social science) ,Unauthorized immigrants ,Medical philosophy. Medical ethics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Internet privacy ,Testing ,Direct-to-consumer tests ,Obligatory testing ,Review ,01 natural sciences ,Scarcity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Order (exchange) ,Health care ,Pandemic ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,0101 mathematics ,Child ,Pandemics ,media_common ,R723-726 ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Health Policy ,010102 general mathematics ,Test (assessment) ,Outreach ,Issues, ethics and legal aspects ,Philosophy of medicine ,Priority-setting ,business ,Covid-19 ,Delivery of Health Care - Abstract
Background In the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, difficult decisions had to be made on the allocation of testing resources. Similar situations can arise in future pandemics. Therefore, careful consideration of who should be tested is an important part of pandemic preparedness. We focus on four ethical aspects of that problem: how to prioritize scarce testing resources, the regulation of commercial direct-to-consumer test services, testing of unauthorized immigrants, and obligatory testing. Main text The distribution of scarce resources for testing: We emphasize the use of needs-based criteria, but also acknowledge the importance of choosing a testing strategy that contributes efficiently to stopping the overall spread of the disease. Commercial direct-to-consumer test services: Except in cases of acute scarcity, such services will in practice have to be allowed. We propose that they should be subject to regulation that ensures test quality and adequate information to users. Testing of unauthorized immigrants, their children and other people with unclear legal status: Like everyone else, these individuals may be in need of testing, and it is in society’s interest to reach them with testing in order to stop the spread of the disease. A society that offers comprehensive medical services to unauthorized immigrants is in a much better position to reach them in a pandemic than a society that previously excluded them from healthcare. Obligatory testing: While there are often strong reasons for universal testing in residential areas or on workplaces, there are in most cases better ways to achieve testing coverage than to make testing mandatory. Conclusion In summary, we propose (1) decision-making primarily based on needs-based criteria, (2) strict regulation but not prohibition of direct-to-consumer test services, (3) test services offered to unauthorized immigrants, preferably as part of comprehensive medical services, and (4) broad outreach of testing services whenever possible, but in general not obligatory testing.
- Published
- 2021
26. The Relationship Between Legal Status and Housing Cost Burden for Immigrants in the United States
- Author
-
Ryan Allen
- Subjects
Legal status ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,021107 urban & regional planning ,02 engineering and technology ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,Cost burden ,Urban Studies ,0502 economics and business ,Demographic economics ,Business ,050207 economics ,media_common - Abstract
In recent decades, the number of unauthorized immigrants in the United States has increased substantially, while simultaneously housing affordability has become a crisis. Despite these trends and t...
- Published
- 2020
27. Immigrants and the Affordable Care Act: Changes in Coverage and Access to Care by Documentation Status
- Author
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Benjamin D. Sommers, Ninez A. Ponce, and Thalia Porteny
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,030505 public health ,Epidemiology ,Public health ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Immigration ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Health equity ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Documentation ,medicine ,Health insurance ,Demographic economics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Business ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,0305 other medical science ,Health policy ,media_common ,Interview survey - Abstract
Little is known about the effects of the ACA's coverage expansion among immigrant groups of differing immigration status. Using data from the California Health Interview Survey (2003-2016), we compare changes in health coverage and access to care among immigrants in California before and after implementation of the ACA. We find that the ACA has led to major gains in coverage for lawful permanent residents in California, similar in scope to changes among citizens. However, unauthorized immigrants have experienced only modest increases in coverage, with the result disparity in uninsured rates for this group relative to citizens and permanent residents widening considerably since 2014. Findings indicate a significant increase in having a usual source of care across all groups, but without a significant change in disparities for this outcome. Our results have important implications for the intersection of health policy, immigration, and health equity.
- Published
- 2020
28. Help Wanted: Employer Demand for Less-Skilled Temporary Foreign Worker Visas in an Era of Declining Unauthorized Immigration
- Author
-
Pia M. Orrenius and Madeline Zavodny
- Subjects
Labour economics ,h-2b visa ,j-1 visa ,Foreign worker ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,h-2a visa ,0506 political science ,Unauthorized immigration ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,0502 economics and business ,less-skilled immigrants ,050602 political science & public administration ,temporary foreign workers ,lcsh:H1-99 ,Business ,050207 economics ,lcsh:Social sciences (General) ,Enforcement ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,media_common - Abstract
Employer demand for less-skilled foreign workers admitted on temporary worker visas has increased considerably in recent years. Issuances of H-2A visas for agricultural workers and J-1 visas for exchange visitors have soared, and the cap for H-2B visas for nonagricultural workers is reached well before the end of the issuance period. This article examines the rise in employer demand for these programs, focusing on the roles of improved economic conditions, tougher immigration enforcement, and the drop in the number of less-skilled workers, including unauthorized immigrants. Economic conditions appear to be the most important determinant of employer demand. The upward trend in employer usage of the programs suggests that they can be a viable alternative to hiring unauthorized workers, and even more so if restructured appropriately.
- Published
- 2020
29. Gambling with life: Masculinity, risk, and danger in the lives of unauthorized migrant roofers.
- Author
-
Chávez, Sergio and Altman, Claire E.
- Subjects
UNDOCUMENTED immigrants ,ROOFERS (Persons) ,ROOFING materials ,MASCULINITY ,WORK-related injuries - Abstract
Background This paper examines the occupational experiences of unauthorized immigrants employed in one of the most dangerous occupations in the United States: roofing. Methods We draw on 40 in-depth interviews with return migrants in Guanajuato, Mexico, to examine how the adoption of masculinity, dangerous working conditions, the labor market structure, and absence of legal status exacerbates injuries for unauthorized roofers. Findings Undocumented men return to Mexico injured with chronic pain, health complications, and trauma. We find that men 'do gender' that is adopt masculine beliefs, when they skirt safety practices, police each other's behaviors, withhold their emotions, experience heightened stress, and engage in poor health behaviors. It is a combination of dangerous working conditions, economic insecurity, and men seeking to fulfill their masculine roles that all combine to create unsafe working conditions and lead to injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants in California improves traffic safety.
- Author
-
Lueders, Hans, Hainmueller, Jens, and Lawrence, Duncan
- Subjects
- *
TRAFFIC safety , *DRIVERS' licenses , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *TRAFFIC accidents , *AUTOMOBILE insurance premiums - Abstract
The integration of immigrants presents a major challenge for policymakers in the United States. In an effort to improve integration, several US states recently have implemented laws that provide driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. These new laws have sparked widespread debate, but we lack evidence on the traffic safety impact of these policies. We examine the short-term effects of the largest-scale policy shift, California's Assembly Bill 60 (AB60), under which more than 600,000 licenses were issued in the first year of implementation in 2015 alone. We find that, contrary to concerns voiced by opponents of the law, AB60 has had no discernible short-term effect on the number of accidents. The law primarily allowed existing unlicensed drivers to legalize their driving. We also find that, although AB60 had no effect on the rate of fatal accidents, it did decrease the rate of hit and run accidents, suggesting that the policy reduced fears of deportation and vehicle impoundment. Hit and run behaviors often delay emergency assistance, increase insurance premiums, and leave victims with significant out of pocket expenses. Overall, the results suggest that AB60 provides an example of how states can facilitate the integration of immigrants while creating positive externalities for the communities in which they live. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Promoting entry of high-quality workers through US immigration policy.
- Author
-
Brunner, Lawrence and Pate, Joseph
- Subjects
WORKING class ,IMMIGRANTS ,IMMIGRATION policy ,ASSIMILATION of immigrants ,OCCUPATIONS - Abstract
We examine how US immigrants would be affected by applying a simple point system for admission, as Canada does. Since US immigration policy emphasizes family reunification, immigrants have lower education and earnings than natives, with unauthorized immigrants’ education below legal ones. Using American Community Survey data, and Center for Migration Studies data, which allows us to distinguish legal from unauthorized immigrants, we examine the effects of requiring immigrants to meet 2 of 3 conditions: (1) a high school or college degree, (2) being less than 40 years old and (3) working in a professional occupation, while admitting the same numbers of immigrants. This policy changes the source countries of immigrants and there are large positive effects on immigrant earnings. Immigrants’ use of government transfer programs is reduced to below natives and income inequality falls. Finally, with existing policy, immigrant earnings growth is not enough to overtake natives given immigrants’ entering earnings disadvantage. With this point system, immigrants start at a higher level and surpass natives relatively quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. UNAUTHORIZED IMMIGRANTS' ACCESS TO DRIVER'S LICENSES AND AUTO INSURANCE COVERAGE
- Author
-
Bing Yang Tan, Brandyn F. Churchill, and Taylor Mackay
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Actuarial science ,Public Administration ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,Liability insurance ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Insurance claims ,0502 economics and business ,Business ,050207 economics ,License ,050205 econometrics ,media_common ,Insurance coverage - Abstract
Fourteen states and the District of Columbia allow unauthorized immigrants to obtain driver's licenses. Using variation in the timing and location of these policy changes, we show these Unauthorized Immigrant License Polices (UILPs) are associated with a 1% increase in both the number of licensed drivers and liability insurance coverage, although we do not document a statistically significant relationship with auto insurance claims. Nor do we detect a significant relationship between UILPs and the number of miles driven, vehicle registrations, air quality, or travel behaviors. Overall, our results are consistent with UILPs licensing unauthorized immigrants who were already driving. (JEL R48, G22, K37)
- Published
- 2020
33. Unauthorized Immigrants, Reasonable Expectations, and the Right to Regularization
- Author
-
Thomas S. Carnes
- Subjects
Computer science ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Econometrics ,General Medicine ,Regularization (mathematics) - Abstract
This article brings an account of reasonable expectations to bear on the question of when unauthorized immigrants have a right to be regularized—that is, to be formally guaranteed freedom from the threat of deportation. Contrary to the current literature, which implicitly relies on a flawed understanding of reasonable expectations, this article argues that only those unauthorized immigrants who have both been tacitly permitted by the state despite lacking formal authorization and have remained long enough to develop deep social roots in the state have a right to regularization.
- Published
- 2020
34. Trump-induced anxiety among Latina/os
- Author
-
Natalie E. Rojas, Rene R. Rocha, Bradford S. Jones, Omar García-Ponce, Jeffrey W. Sherman, David L. Vannette, Adrienne Hosek, Jesus Manuel García-Amador, and Maria Del Carme Pantoja
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Presidency ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Immigration ,Basic Behavioral and Social Science ,Latina ,Latina o ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Behavioral and Social Science ,medicine ,Psychology ,stigmatized outgroups ,media_common ,Communication ,Business and Management ,Rhetoric ,Anxiety ,o politics ,Cognitive Sciences ,medicine.symptom ,Social psychology ,immigration - Abstract
During the 2016 election, Donald Trump castigated unauthorized immigrants as “murderers and rapists.” During his presidency, he continued the use of this rhetoric, explicitly linking unauthorized migrants to threatening narratives. Here, we consider three questions: Did Donald Trump and his immigration positions serve as an “anxiety trigger” for Latina/os? Are individuals with contextually stigmatized attributes especially sensitive to Trump and his policy proposals? Is Spanish language itself, an attribute negatively stigmatized in the context of the immigration issue, sufficient to increase deportation anxiety? Utilizing survey experiments of Latina/os, we demonstrate that exposure to a Trump immigration cue is sufficient to increase anxiety about deportation. We also demonstrate that stigmatized attributes predict anxiety, but do not moderate the effect of the Trump cue. Lastly, we provide evidence that survey language affects anxiety among Latina/os. In Studies 1 ( n = 736) and 2 ( n = 1,040), we show that exposure to information about Trump’s immigration agenda significantly increases reports about deportation anxiety. In Study 3 ( n = 1,734), we show that the Trump exposure condition induces heightened anxiety but that Latina/o attributes (language proficiency and use, immigration status, assessed phenotype) and identity strength have an independent effect on deportation anxiety. In Study 4 ( n = 775), we randomized bilingual respondents into Spanish or English language survey protocols and found that comparable bilinguals exposed to Spanish language report higher levels of anxiety compared to English-language survey takers.
- Published
- 2019
35. Legacies of Marginalization: System Avoidance among the Adult Children of Unauthorized Immigrants in the United States
- Author
-
Sarah Desai, Robert M. Adelman, and Jessica Houston Su
- Subjects
Deportation ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Political science ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,050602 political science & public administration ,050207 economics ,Social institution ,Criminology ,0506 political science ,Demography - Abstract
The threat of deportation shapes the way that unauthorized immigrants and their families interact with social institutions. For example, the adult children of unauthorized immigrants might avoid institutions that keep formal records (“surveilling” institutions) because such institutions could potentially expose their families to deportation. Using intergenerational data from the Immigration and Intergenerational Mobility in Metropolitan Los Angeles survey, we examine the relationship between immigrant parents’ authorization status and their adult children’s institutional participation ( n = 3,283). Results from Poisson and propensity-weighted regression models suggest that the adult children of unauthorized immigrants were more likely to avoid surveilling institutions, such as formal employment, than those with authorized parents. In contrast, parental immigration status was unrelated to their attachment to non-surveilling institutions, such as community groups or religious organizations. This finding suggests that the adult children of unauthorized immigrants are not systematically disengaged from all institutions but may avoid surveilling institutions in particular due to fear of their family’s deportation. This type of system avoidance may have long-term consequences for their social and economic mobility.
- Published
- 2019
36. Collateral Subjects: The Normalization of Surveillance for Mexican Americans on the Border
- Author
-
Adriana C. Núñez
- Subjects
restrict ,Collateral ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Political science ,Immigration ,Psychological nativism ,Normalization (sociology) ,Racialization ,Mexican americans ,Criminology ,media_common - Abstract
The U.S.-Mexico border has been of particular interest to the Trump administration in its ongoing efforts to restrict immigration. Though unauthorized immigrants are the purported targets of measures to increase border enforcement, U.S.-born individuals of Mexican descent also bear the consequences of nativist policies. Based on 42 in-depth interviews, I focus on late-generation (third-plus) Mexican Americans to analyze individuals’ experiences with surveillance by U.S. Customs and Border Protection in Nogales and Tucson, Arizona. In this study, I explore the effects of anti-immigrant policies on Mexican Americans by examining how surveillance operates in people’s everyday lives as well as how people respond to the presence of surveillance. I find that the pervasiveness of surveillance elicits a mixture of fear and desensitization from residents, as they simultaneously grow accustomed to surveillance while navigating an ever-changing political terrain. Finally, I explore responses to the authority of immigration officers, which vary from strategies of compliance to strategies of resistance. These varied approaches are complicated by the liminal status of Mexican Americans in the United States as both a racialized group and a community that benefits from some of the privileges of holding U.S. citizenship.
- Published
- 2019
37. Rights, Deportation, and Detention in the Age of Immigration Control
- Author
-
Wong, Tom K., author and Wong, Tom K.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Who should be tested in a pandemic? : Ethical considerations
- Abstract
Background In the initial phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, difficult decisions had to be made on the allocation of testing resources. Similar situations can arise in future pandemics. Therefore, careful consideration of who should be tested is an important part of pandemic preparedness. We focus on four ethical aspects of that problem: how to prioritize scarce testing resources, the regulation of commercial direct-to-consumer test services, testing of unauthorized immigrants, and obligatory testing. Main text The distribution of scarce resources for testing: We emphasize the use of needs-based criteria, but also acknowledge the importance of choosing a testing strategy that contributes efficiently to stopping the overall spread of the disease. Commercial direct-to-consumer test services: Except in cases of acute scarcity, such services will in practice have to be allowed. We propose that they should be subject to regulation that ensures test quality and adequate information to users. Testing of unauthorized immigrants, their children and other people with unclear legal status: Like everyone else, these individuals may be in need of testing, and it is in society's interest to reach them with testing in order to stop the spread of the disease. A society that offers comprehensive medical services to unauthorized immigrants is in a much better position to reach them in a pandemic than a society that previously excluded them from healthcare. Obligatory testing: While there are often strong reasons for universal testing in residential areas or on workplaces, there are in most cases better ways to achieve testing coverage than to make testing mandatory. Conclusion In summary, we propose (1) decision-making primarily based on needs-based criteria, (2) strict regulation but not prohibition of direct-to-consumer test services, (3) test services offered to unauthorized immigrants, preferably as part of comprehensive medical services, and (4) broad outreach of testing services w, QC 20210713
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Risk of Poor Outcomes with COVID-19 Among U.S. Detained Immigrants: A Cross-Sectional Study
- Author
-
Caitlin Patler and Altaf Saadi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Unauthorized immigrants ,Epidemiology ,Cross-sectional study ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Immigration ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Brief Communication ,Medicare ,Health Services Accessibility ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Clinical Research ,Environmental health ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Healthcare Disparities ,media_common ,Aged ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Prevention ,Health condition ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,Middle Aged ,United States ,Detention ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Public Health and Health Services ,Survey data collection ,Residence ,Female ,Public Health ,Multiple Chronic Conditions ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Jails - Abstract
Conditions in immigrant detention centers facilitate the spread of infectious diseases like COVID-19. However, there is no publicly-available data on detainees’ health characteristics, making it difficult to estimate the prevalence of risk among detained people. We use cross-sectional survey data from the only survey of detained immigrants, conducted in California in 2013–2014, to assess the prevalence and health-related correlates of health conditions among detained immigrants. We calculated the proportion of detained immigrants with chronic conditions, their interruptions in care, and stratified by sociodemographic characteristics, evaluating differences using two-tailed tests. Among 529 detained immigrants, 42.5% had at least one chronic health condition; 15.5% had multiple chronic conditions. 20.9% experienced disruption in care upon entering detention. 95.6% had access to stable housing in the U.S. Many detained people face health conditions that confer greater risk for poor outcomes with COVID-19. Stable residence can facilitate release of detainees via Alternatives to Detention programs.
- Published
- 2021
40. Beyond the Fear of Deportation: Understanding Unauthorized Immigrants’ Ambivalence Toward the Police
- Author
-
Rocío Rosales and Amada Armenta
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Immigration ,General Social Sciences ,Criminology ,Ambivalence ,Education ,Deportation ,Ethnography ,Sociology ,media_common - Abstract
This article draws on in-depth interviews and ethnography to examine unauthorized Mexican immigrants’ perceptions of and experiences with police in Los Angeles and Philadelphia. Most existing research focuses on immigrants’ fears of deportation as the primary determinant of negative attitudes toward the police. We add to this body of work by arguing that police interactions serve as important moments of legal socialization that also contribute to undocumented immigrants’ legal attitudes. Our findings reveal that undocumented immigrants express a great deal of ambivalence about American police, believing them to be both trustworthy and overly punitive. Ultimately, the ambivalence that undocumented immigrants feel about the police mirrors the tension between inclusion and exclusion that characterizes immigrant life in the United States.
- Published
- 2019
41. The educational experiences of DACA recipients
- Author
-
Lorraine T. Benuto, Rory Newlands, and Jena B. Casas
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,050106 general psychology & cognitive sciences ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,05 social sciences ,Deferred action ,050301 education ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Demographic economics ,Psychology ,0503 education ,Education - Abstract
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrival (DACA) policy has given unauthorized immigrants access to many opportunities, specifically education. While DACA has improved the lives of many undocumente...
- Published
- 2019
42. Differences in Maternal Risk Factors Among Undocumented Latinas in Nebraska by Country of Origin
- Author
-
Lisa C. Lindley, Elizabeth Vernon, Daniel Kennedy, Jennifer Wilkins, Mary L. Held, and Kelly Anderson
- Subjects
Adult ,Maternal risk factors ,Maternal Health ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Mothers ,Birth certificate ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pregnancy ,Risk Factors ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,Infant Health ,Obesity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Mexico ,General Nursing ,Quality of Health Care ,030505 public health ,Undocumented Immigrants ,Age Factors ,Infant, Newborn ,Nebraska ,Prenatal Care ,Hispanic or Latino ,Delivery, Obstetric ,Guatemala ,Gestational Weight Gain ,Country of origin ,Pregnancy Complications ,Geography ,Female ,0305 other medical science ,Demography - Abstract
Objective: This study compared maternal risk factors by country of origin for 4,188 Mexican and Guatemalan unauthorized immigrants. Method: Data were drawn from 2007 to 2011 public birth certificate records of unauthorized immigrant mothers residing in Nebraska at the time of delivery. The study sample included 4,188 women ages 18 years or older and originating from either Mexico or Guatemala. Risk factors, including age risk, preexisting health risks, pregnancy health risks, and prior pregnancy risks, were examined by country of origin. Stata 11.0 was used to compute descriptive statistics and conduct χ2 test for binary variables and Student t test for continuous variables. Results: Analyses found that Mexican and Guatemalan participants have distinct maternal risk factors. Mexican participants were older and at greater risk of obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy, while Guatemalan participants were more likely to receive inadequate prenatal care. Conclusion: Findings suggest that both Mexican and Guatemalan immigrants encounter maternal risk factors that could threaten not only their own health but that of their infants as well. Health and social service providers can tailor education and outreach efforts that are specific to Latina subgroups by origin. Furthermore, targeted strategies to delivering prenatal care to unauthorized immigrants are essential for the well-being of mothers and newborns.
- Published
- 2018
43. Interstate Mobility Patterns of Likely Unauthorized Immigrants: Evidence from Arizona
- Author
-
Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes and Fernando A. Lozano
- Subjects
History ,Polymers and Plastics ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,Destinations ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Genealogy ,Politics ,Geography ,050902 family studies ,0502 economics and business ,International political economy ,Demographic economics ,Business and International Management ,050207 economics ,0509 other social sciences ,Enforcement ,Socioeconomic status ,Control methods ,media_common - Abstract
A growing literature has documented the displacement effects of tougher interior immigration enforcement measures; yet, we still lack an understanding of where the displaced populations are choosing to relocate. In this paper, we address this question using Arizona as a case study. Specifically, we examine the destinations of Mexican non-citizens leaving Arizona for other states in the union following the adoption of tougher enforcement measures using two different groups of control states: one consisting of all states that had not adopted similar measures and another one derived using the synthetic control method. We find that Mexican non-citizens who migrated from Arizona to other US states went, primarily, to New Mexico and California. Other destination states differed with the control group being used, underscoring the sensitivity of this type of analysis to the choice of control group. Furthermore, the trajectories of Mexican non-citizens leaving Arizona overlapped with those of non-Hispanic natives, hinting on the role that socioeconomic and political factors, in addition to potential complementarities between immigrants and natives, might have played in explaining the destinations of Mexican non-citizens leaving Arizona after 2007.
- Published
- 2018
44. Immigration policy and fertility: Evidence from undocumented migrants in the U.S
- Author
-
Esther Arenas-Arroyo and Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes
- Subjects
Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management ,Economics and Econometrics ,Family unit ,jel:J13 J15 K37 ,Rapid expansion ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Immigration ,Fertility ,Fertility, Immigration policy, Interior immigration enforcement, Undocumented immigrants, Unauthorized immigrants, United States ,American Community Survey ,Immigration policy ,Political science ,Demographic economics ,Enforcement ,media_common - Abstract
Using the 2005–2014 waves of the American Community Survey –a period characterized by the rapid expansion of interior immigration enforcement initiatives across the United States, we evaluate the impact of a tougher policy environment on undocumented immigrants’ fertility. We find that a one standard deviation increases in enforcement lowers childbearing among likely undocumented women by 5%. The effect stems from police-based measures linked to increased deportations, which may raise uncertainty about the future of the family unit and its resources.
- Published
- 2021
45. Suburban battles over immigration: a case study of local day labourer policies
- Author
-
Floris Vermeulen, Walter J. Nicholls, Marieke de Wilde, and Challenges to Democratic Representation (AISSR, FMG)
- Subjects
Cultural Studies ,Sociology and Political Science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,0507 social and economic geography ,Principle of legality ,0506 political science ,Anthropology ,Political science ,050602 political science & public administration ,Demographic economics ,050703 geography ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Legitimacy ,media_common - Abstract
Over the past thirty years, there has been an increase in the number of immigrant day labourers in the United States. The presence of day labourers has led to numerous conflicts in municipalities. Some locals benefit from the labour performed by day labourers and believe they do no harm, while others see them as “illegal” immigrants that pose a threat to the community. For many, the legitimacy of day labourers remains uncertain, which opens a space for opponents and supporters to push for competing policies. Uncertain legitimacy and back and forth conflicts result in policies that are continuously being tugged between exclusionary and inclusionary measures. Whereas much of the literature on local immigration policies suggests that subnational governments opt for either exclusionary or inclusionary measures, this paper reveals the volatility of local immigration policies and the blurring of lines between them.
- Published
- 2021
46. On the Road to Arivaca: A Prose Reflection on a Meeting.
- Author
-
Ortiz, Larry
- Subjects
HUMAN rights workers ,SOCIAL work teachers ,SOCIAL work education ,SOCIAL context ,VOLUNTEER service - Abstract
This prose is an account of a desert meeting between a social work professor volunteering as a human rights worker and an unauthorized traveler trying to reach his home in California. Framing the prose is an overview of the organizational and geographic setting, followed by a discussion on the social context noting the similarities and difference between the primary actors attributed to their respective social locations. The poem is followed by a discussion on "where are we now" and concludes with a reflection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
47. Immigration: The Argument for Legalization.
- Author
-
Hosein, Adam Omar
- Subjects
- *
IMMIGRATION law , *UNDOCUMENTED immigrants , *LEGALIZATION , *IMMIGRANTS , *LEGAL status of noncitizens , *AMNESTY , *DEPORTATION - Abstract
Many liberal democracies have large populations of "unauthorized" migrants, who entered in contravention of immigration laws. In this paper, I will offer a new argument for allowing long-resident unauthorized migrants to transfer to "legal" status, which would allow them to live and work legally in their country of residence, without fear of deportation. I argue that legalization is required to secure the autonomy of these migrants, and that only by securing their autonomy can the state exercise authority over them legitimately. I also respond to popular objections to legalization and illustrate the distinctive policy implications of my approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Rearrests of Noncitizens Subsequent to Immigration Removal from the United States
- Author
-
Laura J. Hickman and Jennifer S. Wong
- Subjects
Recidivism ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Immigration ,Assertion ,Criminology ,Federal law ,GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS ,Deportation ,Political science ,050501 criminology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Law ,050104 developmental & child psychology ,0505 law ,media_common - Abstract
Deportation or removal from the United States for criminal justice–involved noncitizens has been described as analogous to incapacitation. A common assertion is that if immigration authorities remove these noncitizens from the United States, future criminal justice involvement will be averted. The present study explores the hypothesized incapacitation effect of immigration removal and tests whether a record of prior removal predicts postremoval rearrest patterns. The sample consists of 521 foreign-born males with a verified immigration removal from the United States, following transfer into federal immigration custody from Los Angeles County Jail in 2002. California rearrests after the date of verified U.S. removal were tracked through 2011. Results indicate that 48% of the sample was rearrested at least once and 22% had three or more postremoval arrests. These findings do not support the hypothesis that deportation equates to permanent incapacitation. The study also found that a record of prior removal did not predict postremoval rearrest likelihood or frequency. As a single longitudinal study and the first of its kind, these results alone cannot inform responsible policy recommendations. The study does, however, highlight directions for further research and the pressing need for access to individual-level immigration data for empirical study and public distribution of results.
- Published
- 2020
49. Immigration Policy as a Social Determinant of Health: Development and Initial Validation of a Measure to Assess Attitudes toward Immigrant Integration
- Author
-
Stefani N. Baca-Atlas and Elizabeth Kiehne
- Subjects
030505 public health ,Health (social science) ,Social Determinants of Health ,Health Policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Immigration ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Measure (physics) ,Emigrants and Immigrants ,Reproducibility of Results ,Public Policy ,Emigration and Immigration ,United States ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immigration policy ,Public Opinion ,Humans ,Demographic economics ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Sociology ,0305 other medical science ,media_common - Abstract
Anti-immigrant policymaking in the U.S. is a critical social determinant of health compromising the wellbeing of immigrants and, by extension, communities of color. It is imperative that social work, public health, and other allied professions unite to address anti-immigrant policymaking by improving intergroup attitudes and building broader public support for immigrant integration. This study fills a gap in the literature by psychometrically developing and initially validating a measure of attitudes toward integrationist immigration policymaking. A three-stage study was conducted to explore, calibrate, and validate the factor structure using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Findings suggest there are two distinct but interrelated dimensions of attitudes toward integrationist immigration policies: support for the (a) extension of pathways to legal status and (b) expansion of eligibility for social rights and benefits. Initial evidence of criterion validity for the scale is offered. The utility of the measure for intergroup intervention testing is discussed.
- Published
- 2020
50. Licensing the Insured: Providing Driver Licenses to Unauthorized Immigrants Has Not Impacted Auto Insurance in California
- Author
-
Hans Lueders and Micah Mumper
- Subjects
Actuarial science ,Argument ,Unauthorized Immigrants ,Automobile insurance ,Context (language use) ,Marginalized populations ,Business ,Robustness (economics) - Abstract
A key argument for providing unauthorized immigrants with driver licenses is that such policies are expected to increase auto insurance uptake and lower premiums. The paper tests this expectation in the context of California's Assembly Bill (AB) 60, which gave about 2.6 million unauthorized immigrants access to driver licenses. Exploiting cross-county variation in the estimated share of AB60 licenses, we find that even though more than one million licenses have been issued under AB60 to date, the policy had no measurable effects on the share of uninsured vehicles or automobile insurance premiums. A power analysis and multiple robustness checks corroborate this conclusion. This result suggests that most newly licensed unauthorized immigrants were already driving an insured vehicle prior to the reform. In a highly car-dependent society, they had no choice but to drive even when it was illegal. Our research provides important insights about the behavior of one of the most marginalized populations in the United States and revisits prominent claims about how to improve auto insurance rates and premiums.
- Published
- 2020
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