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Objective: This study compared third molar angulation and eruption status in Class I and II malocclusions after orthodontic treatment with and without first premolar extractions. Methods: The sample comprised 93 patients divided into four groups: Group 1, Class I malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; Group 2, Class I malocclusion treated without extractions; Group 3, Class II malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; and Group 4, Class II malocclusion treated without extractions. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the third molar mesiodistal angulations at T1 (pretreatment), T2 (posttreatment), and T3 (long-term posttreatment). Third molar eruption status was assessed in dental casts. Intergroup angulations and eruption status comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Results: Significantly greater mesial angulation and percentage of erupted right maxillary third molars were observed in the Class I extraction group. Significantly greater eruption status of the right mandibular third molars was observed in the Class I and Class II malocclusion extraction groups. Conclusion: Class I and II malocclusion extraction treatment exhibited more favorable angulations and a greater number of erupted third molars than non-extraction treatment. The non-extraction groups exhibited a greater percentage of unerupted third molars.

This article examines the available published evidence that addresses the research question 'is a closed or an open surgical exposure for an unerupted palatally-positioned/displaced canine (PDC) better for the long-term periodontal health of the canine and surrounding teeth?' Flaws in the current evidence are discussed and a way forward is suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Maxillary central incisors (MCI) are the third most impacted teeth. Timely multidisciplinary management is indicated as unerupted incisors can cause functional‐ and appearance‐related distress. Aim: To assess the patient journey for children with unerupted MCI, including referral, clinical assessment, surgical management and follow‐up treatment, and highlight areas for improvement, as well as identify factors impacting orthodontic treatment burden (OTB). Design: A retrospective service evaluation of children aged 6–16 years who had surgical management of unerupted MCI under general anaesthetic (GA) between 2018 and 2021. Results: Fifty‐two children with 62 unerupted MCI were identified. Mean age at referral was 8.8 years. Most children (82.7%) had supernumerary teeth in the anterior maxilla. Mean time between listing for GA and surgery increased from 4.3 to 15.2 months following the COVID‐19 lockdown. Mean age at surgery was 10.4 years. Supernumerary removal and incisor exposure and bond was the most common treatment (56.6%). Most patients required hospital orthodontic treatment post‐surgery (65.4%). Conclusion: Most children referred were below 9 years (60.1%); these children had reduced OTB compared to those who had been referred at an older age. Stage of root development was also a significant predictor in OTB. An unexpected finding was that conical supernumeraries were found to prevent MCI eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study compared third molar angulation and eruption status in Class I and II malocclusions after orthodontic treatment with and without first premolar extractions. Methods: The sample comprised 93 patients divided into four groups: Group 1, Class I malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; Group 2, Class I malocclusion treated without extractions; Group 3, Class II malocclusion treated with first premolar extractions; and Group 4, Class II malocclusion treated without extractions. Panoramic radiographs were used to evaluate the third molar mesiodistal angulations at T1 (pretreatment), T2 (posttreatment), and T3 (long-term posttreatment). Third molar eruption status was assessed in dental casts. Intergroup angulations and eruption status comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. Results: Significantly greater mesial angulation and percentage of erupted right maxillary third molars were observed in the Class I extraction group. Significantly greater eruption status of the right mandibular third molars was observed in the Class I and Class II malocclusion extraction groups. Conclusion: Class I and II malocclusion extraction treatment exhibited more favorable angulations and a greater number of erupted third molars than non-extraction treatment. The non-extraction groups exhibited a greater percentage of unerupted third molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of third molars on caries, external root resorption, and alveolar bone loss on the distal surface of adjacent second molars. A total of 2488 panoramic radiographs of adult Poles were evaluated. Third molars were classified, according to eruption status, into non-impacted, partially, or completely impacted, and according to angulation into horizontal, mesioangular, vertical, and distoangular. Completely impacted third molars were assigned as reference group. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the occurrence of the above-mentioned pathologies were 1.39 (1.09–2.21), 6.51 (3.72–10.11), and 2.42 (1.22–4.09), respectively, for second molars with adjacent erupted third molars and 1.54 (1.11–2.82), 10.65 (7.81–20.19), and 5.21 (3.38–10.81), respectively, when partially impacted third molars were next to second molars. The ORs of lesions were significantly higher for horizontally and mesioangularly impacted third molars. Within the limitation of a radiological study, it might be concluded that the presence of erupted third molars is a risk factor for caries, while the presence of impacted third molars increases the risk of root resorption and bone loss on the distal surface of second molars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/purpose: A literature review reveals limited data for supernumerary teeth in Taiwan. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth in patients in the National Taiwan University Children's Hospital. Materials and methods: This retrospective study analyzed the nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth in 1280 patients (710 boys and 570 girls) based on examination of mainly panoramic radiographs and related radiographs. Chi-square test was used for trend analysis. Results: The incidence of nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth was 11.25% (179 supernumerary teeth in 144 of the 1280 patients). There was a male predominance (4.33: 1, P

Abstract Background Failure of eruption of the maxillary permanent incisor teeth usually presents in the mixed dentition between the ages of 7 and 9 years. Missing and unerupted maxillary incisors can be regarded as unattractive and have a potentially negative impact on facial and dental aesthetics. The presence of a supernumerary tooth (or odontoma) is commonly responsible for failed eruption or impaction of the permanent maxillary incisors. The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the success of eruption associated with maxillary incisor teeth that have failed to erupt because of a supernumerary tooth in the anterior maxilla. Methods This protocol describes an interventional multicentre two-arm randomised clinical trial. Participants meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomised (unrestricted equal participant allocation [1:1]) to either space creation with an orthodontic appliance, removal of the supernumerary tooth and application of direct orthodontic traction or space creation with an orthodontic appliance, removal of the supernumerary tooth and monitoring. The primary outcome of this trial is to determine the prevalence of successfully erupted maxillary central permanent incisors at 6 months following removal of the supernumerary tooth. Secondary outcome measures include (1) the effect of initial tooth position (assessed radiographically) on time taken for the tooth to erupt, (2) time taken to align the unerupted tooth to the correct occlusal position, (3) gingival aesthetics and (4) changes in the self-reported Oral Health Related-Quality of Life (OHRQoL) (pre-and post-treatment). Discussion There is a lack of high-quality robust prospective studies comparing the effectiveness of interventions to manage this condition. Furthermore, the UK national clinical guidelines have highlighted a lack of definitive treatment protocols for the management of children who present with an unerupted maxillary incisor due to the presence of a supernumerary tooth. The results of this trial will inform future treatment guidelines for the management of this condition in young children. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12709966 . Registered on 16 June 2022.

Background: Infraocclusion of deciduous molars is a clinical disturbance that occurs during primary and mixed dentition and has some orthodontic implications. Infraoccluded teeth are believed to be potential sites of malocclusion, with a risk of tipping neighbouring teeth and losing space. This systematic review aims to analyse the management of primary molars infraocclusion and to provide updated guidelines. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2017 to 28 November 2022. The inclusion criteria were: studies only on human subjects, open access studies, case reports, randomised trials, retrospective, observational studies, and English language. Results: A total of 372 publications were identified from the databases and a final number of nine studies were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Conclusion: Management of patients suffering from infraocclusion depends on the severity, age at diagnosis, and presence of succeeded premolars. Early diagnosis of infraoccluded primary elements is fundamental and cannot be postponed. Preservation of the primary molars may be a valid option with long-term stability if there is no or moderate primary molar infraocclusion, root resorption of less than half of the root, and no decay or restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jawza H Alfarraj,1 Faisal Alsaif,2 Sama A Alsaad3 1Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2General Dentist, Private Practice, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Pediatric Dentistry Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Jawza H Alfarraj, Tel +966509948859, Email Jalfarraj@kfmc.med.saAbstract: This article describes the clinical management of delayed eruption of the upper left permanent central incisor of an eight-year-old child with a history of overlooked intrusive trauma to the primary maxillary incisors. Initial conservative management involved simple extraction of the over-retained upper right primary left incisor. At the recall visit, the decision was made to expose permanent incisors surgically aiming to facilitate its eruption. Two years later, the upper right central and lateral incisors have been erupted into the oral cavity, improving patient aesthetics. This case report aims to demonstrate the clinical diagnosis and intervention for delayed eruption of maxillary permanent central incisor as a consequence of an overlooked intrusive trauma in the primary dentition. Additionally, to emphasize the importance of periodic radiographic examination in monitoring the sequence of eruption in mixed dentition.Keywords: dental trauma, unerupted, delayed eruption, pediatric

Introduction: Prediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars in mixed dentition analysis is crucial. When Tanaka-Johnston's equations, the most popular approach, are applied to diverse ethnic groups, their accuracy is questioned. Aim: To derive a new regression equation of mixed dentition space analysis for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars teeth among paediatric population of Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in two phases. The study design for First phase is observational and second phase is interventional. Dental study casts of 400 patients aged 11-18 years will be selected in the first phase. A Digital Vernier Caliper (DVC) will be used to measure the mesiodistal crown dimension of all erupted permanent teeth up to first molar. Between four mandibular incisors and the caninepremolar segments of both arches, correlation and linear regression equations will be created. In the second phase, 30 children aged 6-11 years will be randomly selected. Analysis of Tanaka-Johnston's equations, Huckaba GW equation and the proposed equation will be compared and further statistical analysis will be carried out. Results: New derived regression equation will allow the closer prediction of the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the paediatric population of Wardha. Conclusion: This new equation will allow an accurate prediction of the width of unerupted canines and premolars at an earlier age in the said population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Clinical Orthodontics is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Prediction of the mesiodistal crown width of unerupted canines and premolars in mixed dentition analysis is crucial. When Tanaka-Johnston’s equations, the most popular approach, are applied to diverse ethnic groups, their accuracy is questioned. Aim: To derive a new regression equation of mixed dentition space analysis for predicting the size of unerupted canines and premolars teeth among paediatric population of Wardha, Maharashtra, India. Materials and Methods: The study will be conducted in two phases. The study design for First phase is observational and second phase is interventional. Dental study casts of 400 patients aged 11-18 years will be selected in the first phase. A Digital Vernier Caliper (DVC) will be used to measure the mesiodistal crown dimension of all erupted permanent teeth up to first molar. Between four mandibular incisors and the canine-premolar segments of both arches, correlation and linear regression equations will be created. In the second phase, 30 children aged 6-11 years will be randomly selected. Analysis of Tanaka-Johnston’s equations, Huckaba GW equation and the proposed equation will be compared and further statistical analysis will be carried out. Results: New derived regression equation will allow the closer prediction of the size of unerupted canines and premolars in the paediatric population of Wardha. Conclusion: This new equation will allow an accurate prediction of the width of unerupted canines and premolars at an earlier age in the said population.

A literature review reveals limited data for supernumerary teeth in Taiwan. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth in patients in the National Taiwan University Children's Hospital. This retrospective study analyzed the nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth in 1280 patients (710 boys and 570 girls) based on examination of mainly panoramic radiographs and related radiographs. Chi-square test was used for trend analysis. The incidence of nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth was 11.25% (179 supernumerary teeth in 144 of the 1280 patients). There was a male predominance (4.33: 1, P < 0.0001) for our 144 patients. Most supernumerary teeth were single (63.69%), conical-shaped (78.77%), and unerupted (77.09%). Supernumerary teeth also tended to be located in the premaxilla (93.85%), fully developed (51.40%), invertedly oriented (45.25%), sagittally located in a palatal/lingual position (67.60%), and adjacent to the root and root apex of permanent teeth (70.39%). The supernumerary teeth with a normal orientation (64.52%) had a high potential to erupt into the oral cavity, but the majority of the supernumerary teeth with a transverse orientation (97.22%) or an inverted orientation (100%) were unerupted. The nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth occur most commonly in male patients with a male to female ratio of 4.33: 1. The incidence of nonsyndromic supernumerary teeth in our 1280 patients is 11.25%, and the most frequent location of supernumerary teeth is the anterior maxillary region. More than three quarters of supernumerary teeth are conical-shaped or unerupted. Inverted supernumerary teeth are all embedded in the jawbones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Failure of eruption of the maxillary permanent incisor teeth usually presents in the mixed dentition between the ages of 7 and 9 years. Missing and unerupted maxillary incisors can be regarded as unattractive and have a potentially negative impact on facial and dental aesthetics. The presence of a supernumerary tooth (or odontoma) is commonly responsible for failed eruption or impaction of the permanent maxillary incisors. The primary objective of this trial is to investigate the success of eruption associated with maxillary incisor teeth that have failed to erupt because of a supernumerary tooth in the anterior maxilla.Methods: This protocol describes an interventional multicentre two-arm randomised clinical trial. Participants meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomised (unrestricted equal participant allocation [1:1]) to either space creation with an orthodontic appliance, removal of the supernumerary tooth and application of direct orthodontic traction or space creation with an orthodontic appliance, removal of the supernumerary tooth and monitoring. The primary outcome of this trial is to determine the prevalence of successfully erupted maxillary central permanent incisors at 6 months following removal of the supernumerary tooth. Secondary outcome measures include (1) the effect of initial tooth position (assessed radiographically) on time taken for the tooth to erupt, (2) time taken to align the unerupted tooth to the correct occlusal position, (3) gingival aesthetics and (4) changes in the self-reported Oral Health Related-Quality of Life (OHRQoL) (pre-and post-treatment).Discussion: There is a lack of high-quality robust prospective studies comparing the effectiveness of interventions to manage this condition. Furthermore, the UK national clinical guidelines have highlighted a lack of definitive treatment protocols for the management of children who present with an unerupted maxillary incisor due to the presence of a supernumerary tooth. The results of this trial will inform future treatment guidelines for the management of this condition in young children.Trial Registration: ISRCTN Registry ISRCTN12709966 . Registered on 16 June 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compound odontoma has been reported to be the most common of all odontogenic neoplasms and tumor-like lesions. It is a slow-growing, asymptomatic neoplasms found incidentally during a routine radiography examination. In general, the clinical indicators of odontoma may include eruption disturbance (non-eruption of permanent teeth, retention of deciduous teeth), expansion of the cortical bone, teeth malposition and pain. In this case, the presence of odontoma prevented the physiological eruption of permanent mandible incisor. We describe the surgical procedure to remove a compound odontoma of 21 small tooth-like structures localized in the mandible of a child boy associated with an unerupted permanent mandible incisor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infraocclusion of deciduous molars is a clinical disturbance that occurs during primary and mixed dentition and has some orthodontic implications. Infraoccluded teeth are believed to be potential sites of malocclusion, with a risk of tipping neighbouring teeth and losing space. This systematic review aims to analyse the management of primary molars infraocclusion and to provide updated guidelines. Methods: A literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from 1 January 2017 to 28 November 2022. The inclusion criteria were: studies only on human subjects, open access studies, case reports, randomised trials, retrospective, observational studies, and English language. Results: A total of 372 publications were identified from the databases and a final number of nine studies were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Conclusion: Management of patients suffering from infraocclusion depends on the severity, age at diagnosis, and presence of succeeded premolars. Early diagnosis of infraoccluded primary elements is fundamental and cannot be postponed. Preservation of the primary molars may be a valid option with long-term stability if there is no or moderate primary molar infraocclusion, root resorption of less than half of the root, and no decay or restoration.

Impaction of permanent teeth is a common clinical scenario, but certain permanent teeth like the mandibular first molars are rarely impacted. In cases, where the mandibular first molars are deeply impacted the extraction demands fine technique as well as cautious management to reduce the risk of injury to the adjacent teeth, the surrounding hard tissue, as well as the vicinal neurovascular bundle. Here, a rare case of impacted mandibular right first molar associated with right side mandibular body fracture in a 57-year-old male patient is reported, along with a brief review of the literature. The patient reported an alleged history of domestic fall due to slipping approximately one week back and complained of pain and difficulty in chewing on the right side of lower jaw since then. There was no significant medical history. The fracture was clinically faintly palpable near inferior border of mandible on right side, approximately 2 cm anterior to the angle of the mandible. Radiographic examination confirmed the fracture and revealed its association with an impacted tooth. This case was treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture, followed by transalveolar extraction of the impacted tooth under general anesthesia to achieve a stable and successful result. Regular follow-ups were done for six months.

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dentigerous cysts are one of the most common developmental odontogenic cysts involving the unerupted or impacted tooth. Most frequently seen in 20–30 years of life. Cases which have been reported within 10 years of life, in mixed dentition period are hardly few in number. Here we present an interesting case of dentigerous cyst in a pediatric patient involving unerupted permanent mandibular right second premolar with an insight into differential diagnostic entities of dentigerous cyst. Complete removal of the cyst along with attached tooth structure was done under general anesthesia. Careful evaluation of the patient with past medical history, clinical, radiographic and histopathological examination would help the clinician in early diagnosis to administer appropriate treatment.

The prophylactic removal of asymptomatic third molars is a common but controversial procedure often rationalized as necessary to prevent future disease on adjacent teeth. Our objective in this retrospective cohort study of adult men was to examine whether second-molar loss differed by baseline status of the adjacent third molar, taking into account the individual's overall state of oral hygiene, caries, and periodontitis. We analyzed data from participants of the VA Dental Longitudinal Study who had at least 1 second molar present at baseline and 2 or more triennial dental examinations between 1969 and 2007. We classified second molars by third-molar status in the same quadrant: unerupted, erupted, or absent. Tooth loss and alveolar bone loss were confirmed radiographically. Caries and restorations, calculus, and probing depth were assessed on each tooth. We estimated the hazards of second-molar loss with proportional hazards regression models for correlated data, controlling for age, smoking, education, absence of the first molar, and whole-mouth indices of calculus, caries, and periodontitis. The analysis included 966 men and 3024 second molar/first molar pairs. Follow-up was 22 ± 11 y (median 24, range 3–38 y). At baseline, 163 third molars were unerupted, 990 were erupted, and 1871 were absent. The prevalence of periodontitis on the second molars did not differ by third-molar status. The prevalence of distal caries was highest on the second molars adjacent to the erupted third molars and lowest on the second molars adjacent to the unerupted third molars. Relative to the absent third molars, adjusted hazards of loss of second molars were not significantly increased for those adjacent to erupted (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.79–1.16) or unerupted (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 0.91–1.73) third molars. We found similar results when using alveolar bone loss as the periodontitis indicator. Our findings suggest that retained third molars are not associated with an increased risk of second-molar loss in adult men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction in the maxilla is more than twice higher compared to the mandible. Approximately one-thirds of the cases are labially located, and two-thirds are palatally located. Bilateral impaction has been reported in 8% of the patients with canine impaction. The treatment procedure is time-consuming and imposes a significant financial burden on the patient. Impacted maxillary canines could be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch with early detection, timely interception, and proper surgical management in order to perform orthodontic treatment. Various surgical and orthodontic techniques could be used to guide impacted canines into the arch. Accurate selection of surgical and orthodontic techniques is essential to the successful alignment of impacted teeth. Management of impacted tooth often requires an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, proper cooperation of the orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist seems crucial in this process. The present study aimed to review the clinical and practical aspects required for the management of maxillary canine impaction based on the location and age of the impaction.

Context: Supernumerary teeth/tooth (ST) is a developmental anomaly of dentition. Variation in developmental and eruption pattern of ST can lead to the development of numerous complications in oral cavity. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, characteristics, and morphology of ST among patients visiting a dental institution in Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: During 1-year study, clinical examination of 9248 participants was performed. Morphology, type, location, number, position of eruption, state of eruption of ST, and associated complications were determined. Correlations between location of ST based on position of eruption, state of eruption, and associated complications were also determined using Chi-square test. Results: The frequency of presence of ST in the studied population was 0.63% (58 participants). In these 58 participants, eighty-two supernumeraries were found. Forty-six participants (79.32%) presented with one ST. Males were more affected than females (2.05:1), and the maxilla was the most commonly affected region. Among 82 identified supernumeraries, we noted highest incidence of parapremolars (39.02%) and conical morphology (46.35%). The most common position of eruption was normal (68.30%) and most of these 82 teeth were erupted in oral cavity (57.31%). These ST have led to various endodontic, orthodontic, periodontal, and other complications in the studied population. The relation of varying complications with different location of supernumerary was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: ST are best detected and diagnosed by thorough clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Early detection and adequate treatment plan should eradicate the potential future complications caused by ST.

Among oral pathologic lesions, odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaws and generally asymptomatic. They are mostly diagnosed as a result of routine radiographic investigation. In this report, we describe a very rare occurrence of bilateral complex odontoma in the region of the mandibular second premolar. Conservative surgical procedure was planned, and removal of the odontomas was carried out through the socket after extraction of the deciduous second molars, and the diagnosis was confirmed with a histopathological study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of third molars on caries, external root resorption, and alveolar bone loss on the distal surface of adjacent second molars. A total of 2488 panoramic radiographs of adult Poles were evaluated. Third molars were classified, according to eruption status, into non-impacted, partially, or completely impacted, and according to angulation into horizontal, mesioangular, vertical, and distoangular. Completely impacted third molars were assigned as reference group. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals for the occurrence of the above-mentioned pathologies were 1.39 (1.09-2.21), 6.51 (3.72-10.11), and 2.42 (1.22-4.09), respectively, for second molars with adjacent erupted third molars and 1.54 (1.11-2.82), 10.65 (7.81-20.19), and 5.21 (3.38-10.81), respectively, when partially impacted third molars were next to second molars. The ORs of lesions were significantly higher for horizontally and mesioangularly impacted third molars. Within the limitation of a radiological study, it might be concluded that the presence of erupted third molars is a risk factor for caries, while the presence of impacted third molars increases the risk of root resorption and bone loss on the distal surface of second molars.

Maxillary canines are the second most frequently impacted teeth after third molars. In some cases, the position of the impacted tooth makes orthodontic traction too risky or even impossible. Autotransplantation can be a viable treatment option, and has been proven to have an acceptable success rate. The case reports a young female with a complex impaction solved using autotransplantation together with orthodontic alignment, with a 5‐year follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the exception of the third molar, maxillary canine impaction is considered to be the most common form of tooth impaction. The position of the permanent maxillary canine at the angle of the mouth is strategically important in preserving the harmony and symmetry of the dental arches. The incidence of maxillary canine impaction in the maxilla is more than twice higher compared to the mandible. Approximately one-thirds of the cases are labially located, and two-thirds are palatally located. Bilateral impaction has been reported in 8% of the patients with canine impaction. The treatment procedure is time-consuming and imposes a significant financial burden on the patient. Impacted maxillary canines could be erupted and guided to an appropriate location in the dental arch with early detection, timely interception, and proper surgical management in order to perform orthodontic treatment. Various surgical and orthodontic techniques could be used to guide impacted canines into the arch. Accurate selection of surgical and orthodontic techniques is essential to the successful alignment of impacted teeth. Management of impacted tooth often requires an interdisciplinary approach. In addition, proper cooperation of the orthodontist, oral surgeon, and periodontist seems crucial in this process. The present study aimed to review the clinical and practical aspects required for the management of maxillary canine impaction based on the location and age of the impaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tooth that remains unerupted beyond the normal time of eruption and fails to erupt is called an impacted tooth. Maxillofacial surgeons encounter the problem of impacted teeth very often. Usually, impacted teeth involve the permanent dentition and they are rare in the primary dentition. Impaction of a primary tooth is a very rare entity. These rare cases are seen more frequently in primary second molars, followed by the order of the lower and upper centralincisor, lateral incisor and the canine teeth. Evolutionary and hereditary factors may cause uneruption. In this report, three cases of impacted primary teeth that belong to same familial members are presented. Father and sons. We extracted boy’s teeth but father refused treatment.

Context: Supernumerary teeth/tooth (ST) is a developmental anomaly of dentition. Variation in developmental and eruption pattern of ST can lead to the development of numerous complications in oral cavity. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate prevalence, characteristics, and morphology of ST among patients visiting a dental institution in Rajasthan, India. Materials and Methods: During 1-year study, clinical examination of 9248 participants was performed. Morphology, type, location, number, position of eruption, state of eruption of ST, and associated complications were determined. Correlations between location of ST based on position of eruption, state of eruption, and associated complications were also determined using Chi-square test. Results: The frequency of presence of ST in the studied population was 0.63% (58 participants). In these 58 participants, eighty-two supernumeraries were found. Forty-six participants (79.32%) presented with one ST. Males were more affected than females (2.05:1), and the maxilla was the most commonly affected region. Among 82 identified supernumeraries, we noted highest incidence of parapremolars (39.02%) and conical morphology (46.35%). The most common position of eruption was normal (68.30%) and most of these 82 teeth were erupted in oral cavity (57.31%). These ST have led to various endodontic, orthodontic, periodontal, and other complications in the studied population. The relation of varying complications with different location of supernumerary was found to be highly significant (P = 0.000). Conclusion: ST are best detected and diagnosed by thorough clinical examination and radiographic investigation. Early detection and adequate treatment plan should eradicate the potential future complications caused by ST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among oral pathologic lesions, odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumor of the jaws and generally asymptomatic. They are mostly diagnosed as a result of routine radiographic investigation. In this report, we describe a very rare occurrence of bilateral complex odontoma in the region of the mandibular second premolar. Conservative surgical procedure was planned, and removal of the odontomas was carried out through the socket after extraction of the deciduous second molars, and the diagnosis was confirmed with a histopathological study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Proper diagnosis and prevention of malocclusion are superior to treatment. Discrepancy between arch length and tooth size in mixed dentition period is a condition requiring timely diagnosis. Estimating the mesiodistal width of unerupted teeth according to the size of erupted ones can lead to earlier diagnosis of malocclusion. On the other hand, the best timing for serial extractions is before the eruption of lateral incisors. The aim of this study was to present prediction formulas for mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population based on the width of erupted permanent mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 dental models (60 males, 60 females) of orthodontic patients between 11-25 years were evaluated in Yazd city. The measurements were made by a digital caliper on the widest mesiodistal width of teeth at the interproximal contacts. Data were analyzed to calculate the prediction equation. Results: The prediction equation in the upper jaw was y=0.57x+10.82 for males, y=0.7x+6.37 for females and y=0.64x+8.46 for both sexes. The equation for the lower jaw was y=0.76x+2.86 for males, y=0.74x+3.53 for females and y=0.77x+2.7 for both sexes. Conclusions: The prediction equations suggested in this study can predict the mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population in early mixed dentition period without taking radiographs.

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Dentigerous cysts are the most common bony lesions of the jaws in children. It is one of the most prevalent types of odontogenic cysts associated with an erupted or developing tooth, particularly the mandibular third molars; the other teeth that are commonly affected are, in order of frequency, the maxillary canines, the maxillary third molars, and rarely the central incisors. Radiographically, the cyst appears as ovoid well-demarcated unilocular radiolucency with a sclerotic border. Careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographical findings help clinicians to currently diagnose the condition, identify the etiological factors, and administer the appropriate treatment.

Dentigerous cysts are the most common bony lesions of the jaws in children. It is one of the most prevalent types of odontogenic cysts associated with an erupted or developing tooth, particularly the mandibular third molars; the other teeth that are commonly affected are, in order of frequency, the maxillary canines, the maxillary third molars and, rarely, the central incisor. Radiographically, the cyst appears as ovoid well-demarcated unilocular radiolucency with a sclerotic border. The present case report describes the surgical enucleation of a dentigerous cyst involving the permanent maxillary right central incisor; the surgery was followed by oral rehabilitation. Careful evaluation of the history and the clinical and radiographical findings help clinicians to correctly diagnose the condition, identify the etiological factors, and administer the appropriate treatment.

Aim: To investigate the association between palatally impacted maxillary canines (PIC) and idiopathic osteosclerosis. Methods: A sample of 54 subjects (28 females and 26 males, mean age of 12.98±1.59 years) with PIC was selected from the records of 1,650 orthodontic patients treated at the Discipline of Orthodontics clinics at the Dental School of the Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná (PUCPR), in Curitiba, PR, Brazil. A control group of 54 subjects with normally erupted canines was also selected from the same files (mean age of 12.93±1.58 years). Panoramic, lateral skull, postero-anterior skull, periapical and occlusal radiographs, as well as stone casts of the patients were examined. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed a normal distribution of gender and age in the groups. The results were analyzed with the Chi-square test (α=0.05). Results: There were no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between the groups. Four patients from each group had idiopathic osteosclerosis (7.41%), a rate that falls in the prevalence range reported in the literature. Conclusions: No correlation was observed between palatally impacted maxillary canines and idiopathic osteosclerosis.

Objectives: Proper diagnosis and prevention of malocclusion are superior to treatment. Discrepancy between arch length and tooth size in mixed dentition period is a condition requiring timely diagnosis. Estimating the mesiodistal width of unerupted teeth according to the size of erupted ones can lead to earlier diagnosis of malocclusion. On the other hand, the best timing for serial extractions is before the eruption of lateral incisors. The aim of this study was to present prediction formulas for mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population based on the width of erupted permanent mandibular central incisors and maxillary first molars. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 dental models (60 males, 60 females) of orthodontic patients between 11-25 years were evaluated in Yazd city. The measurements were made by a digital caliper on the widest mesiodistal width of teeth at the interproximal contacts. Data were analyzed to calculate the prediction equation. Results: The prediction equation in the upper jaw was y=0.57x+10.82 for males, y=0.7x+6.37 for females and y=0.64x+8.46 for both sexes. The equation for the lower jaw was y=0.76x+2.86 for males, y=0.74x+3.53 for females and y=0.77x+2.7 for both sexes. Conclusions: The prediction equations suggested in this study can predict the mesiodistal width of unerupted lateral incisors, canines and premolars in an Iranian population in early mixed dentition period without taking radiographs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this case report was to describe the surgical-orthodontic treatment of an unerupted mandibular canine tooth in a 9-year-old girl.Case Presentation: A 9-year-old white girl presented with an unerupted right mandibular canine tooth. Combined surgical-orthodontic treatment was performed to correct dental impaction and to achieve good aesthetic and functional results.Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment achieved all of the required objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dentigerous cyst or follicular cyst is an odontogenic cyst - thought to be of developmental origin - associated with the crown of an unerupted tooth. Such cyst remain initially completely asymptomatic unless when infected. The purpose of this case report was to describe the diagnosis and management of dentigerous cyst in a 9-year-old boy. The chosen treatment was cyst enucleation and tooth extraction.

Morphological composition of unerupted teeth tissues was studied. The heterogeneous degree of mineralization of dentine and hypoplastic and atrophic changes of odontoblasts were determined in the result of the research.

This article presents a case of bilateral unerupted supernumerary teeth in the mandibular premolar region. Surgical removal of the right-sided supernumerary tooth had to be carried out as it was impeding the eruption of the mandibular first premolar. However, its supernumerary antimere, lay dormant.

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcome of a treatment protocol performed in children with unerupted permanent maxillary central incisors, including surgical removal of any related obstruction and traction initiation in one stage, under fully repositioned flap, combined with pre- and post-operative orthodontics for space creation and final alignment. Methods: Forty-six patients aged 7.3-12.7 years (mean = 9.44 ± 1.36) having 54 impacted maxillary central incisors were reviewed. The study group included 37 patients fully treated by us and nine referrals with eruption failure of impacted incisors following previous surgical removal of various obstructions. Detailed patient's clinical and radiographic data were recorded. Results: Aetiology of unerupted incisors included 9 patients with odontomas, 24 with supernumerary teeth, 1 with skeletal lack of space, 1 with a dentigerous cyst, 4 with dilaceration, 1 with severe incisor MIH, 5 with luxation injuries to primary predecessors and 1 with coexisting dilaceration and odontoma. The total treatment time following the standardised protocol ranged from 5 to 21 months (mean 9.88 ± 3.10), while the time needed using different approaches (no pre-operative orthodontics or obstruction removal and then to wait over an assessment period) ranged from 12 to 18 months (mean 15 ± 2.12) and 17 to 30 months (mean 23.73 ± 5.14), respectively ( p < 0.05). The time needed for full alignment depended on the inclination, the height of the impacted tooth ( p = 0.001) and the patient's age ( p = 0.002). Additionally, the absence of pre-operative orthodontics for space creation dramatically increased treatment time ( p = 0.018). In contrast, the maturity of the impacted tooth and the developmental stage of the anterior teeth did not affect treatment time. Finally, when the location of the impacted tooth and the space availability allowed waiting for spontaneous eruption, treatment time was not statistically different from that of the main treatment protocol ( p = 0.545). Conclusions: The studied treatment protocol appears ideal for successful results and minimum treatment time. Space creation followed by surgical removal of any obstruction together with orthodontic traction initiation produces excellent results, while waiting for spontaneous eruption is indicated only in cases of favourable patient's age and tooth location. Treatment initiation with operation in the absence of the required eruption space is not recommended, whereas in unfavourable cases obstruction removal without simultaneous orthodontic traction increases dramatically the total treatment time and requires an unnecessary second operation for traction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper was to describe a rare case of idiopathic coronal resorption of an unerupted permanent mandibular second molar, which was detected as a chance finding on an orthopantomogram taken to assess dental eruption on a young patient about to start orthodontic treatment The affected tooth was removed and underwent histopathological investigation. This case report provides a discussion of the possible etiologies for this radiogrophic appearance, as well as the diagnosis and management of such lesions. Failure to identify such lesions can potentiate a guarded prognosis. Further research is required in this field to investigate the etiology and pathological process, albeit this is limited by the rarity if these lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author experienced 8 cases of pericoronal radiolucency involving an incomplete tooth crown that had not developed to form the cemento-enamel junction, and the underdeveloped crown sometimes appeared to be floating within the radiolucency radiographically. The first impression was that these cystic lesions had odontogenic keratocysts, but half of them turned out to be dentigerous cysts histopathologically. There has been no report concerning odontogenic cysts involving an incompletely developed crown. The purpose of this paper is to report that dentigerous cysts may develop before the completion of the cemento-enamel junction of a developing crown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]