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24 results on '"United Nations Office for Project Services"'

1. Innovation for Development and South-South Cooperation (IDEASS)

Author

International Labour Organization, ILO, United Nations Development Program, UNDP, and United Nations Office for Project Services, UNOPS ART Initiative

Subjects
Methods and tools
Abstract

IDEASS is an initiative that consists of the identification and promotion, at the international level, of innovations and experiences that have proved to contribute to human development, reduction of exclusion, unemployment and poverty. This document explains how IDEASS serves as a forum where southern countries can collaborate on concrete activities, strengthening thereby relationships among public and private actors, service providers, workers' and employers' organisations, universities and local communities in the countries concerned.

Published
2003

2. Sustainable planning of the energy-water-food nexus using decision making tools

Author

Jen Ho Ker, Xiaonan Wang, Charalampos Triantafyllidis, Nilay Shah, Niclas Bieber, Rembrandt H.E.M. Koppelaar, Koen H. van Dam, and United Nations Office for Project Services

Subjects
Energy, Resource (biology), Opportunity cost, business.industry, 020209 energy, Water supply, 02 engineering and technology, Water industry, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Environmental economics, Investment (macroeconomics), Renewable energy, General Energy, Effects of global warming, MD Multidisciplinary, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Business, Nexus (standard)
Abstract

Developing countries struggle to implement suitable electric power and water services, failing to match infrastructure with urban expansion. Integrated modelling of urban water and power systems would facilitate the investment and planning processes, but there is a crucial gap to be filled with regards to extending models to incorporate the food supply in developing contexts. In this paper, a holistic methodology and platform to support the resilient and sustainable planning at city region level for multiple sectors was developed for applications in urban energy systems (UES) and the energy-water-food nexus, combining agent-based modelling - to simulate and forecast resource demands on spatial and temporal scales - with resource network optimization, which incorporates capital expenditures, operational costs, environmental impacts and the opportunity cost of food production foregone (OPF). Via a scenario based approach, innovative water supply and energy deployment policies are presented, which address the provision of clean energy for every citizen and demonstrate the potential effects of climate change. The results highlighted the vulnerability of Ghana's power generation infrastructure and the need for diversification. Feed-in tariffs and investment into supporting infrastructure and agriculture intensification will effectively increase the share of renewable energy and reduce carbon emissions.

Published
2018
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3. A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Urban Energy-Water-Waste Systems Planning and Operation

Author

Rembrandt H.E.M. Koppelaar, Xiaonan Wang, Nilay Shah, Koen H. van Dam, Charalampos Triantafyllidis, Miao Guo, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, United Nations Office for Project Services, and Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC)

Subjects
Technology, Municipal solid waste, CITIES, 020209 energy, Biomass, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Incineration, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Solid Waste, Ghana, 01 natural sciences, ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS, BIOMASS, Engineering, Biogas, ANAEROBIC-DIGESTION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental Chemistry, Waste treatment technologies, OPTIMIZATION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Energy recovery, Science & Technology, Waste management, business.industry, Engineering, Environmental, Water, General Chemistry, TRENDS, Refuse Disposal, Renewable energy, Waste treatment, BIODEGRADABILITY, Environmental science, FOOD NEXUS, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Energy, water, and waste systems analyzed at a nexus level are important to move toward more sustainable cities. In this paper, the "resilience.io" platform is developed and applied to emphasize on waste-to-energy pathways, along with the water and energy sectors, aiming to develop waste treatment capacity and energy recovery with the lowest economic and environmental cost. Three categories of waste including wastewater (WW), municipal solid waste (MSW), and agriculture waste are tested as the feedstock for thermochemical treatment via incineration, gasification, or pyrolysis for combined heat and power generation, or biological treatment such as anaerobic digestion (AD) and aerobic treatment. A case study is presented for Ghana in sub-Saharan Africa, considering a combination of waste treatment technologies and infrastructure, depending on local characteristics for supply and demand. The results indicate that the biogas generated from waste treatment turns out to be a promising renewable energy source in the analyzed region, while more distributed energy resources can be integrated. A series of scenarios including the business-as-usual, base case, naturally constrained, policy interventions, and environmental and climate change impacts demonstrate how simulation with optimization models can provide new insights in the design of sustainable value chains, with particular emphasis on whole-system analysis and integration.

Published
2018
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4. Assessing tuberculosis control priorities in high-burden settings: a modelling approach

Author

Sofia Alexandru, Enos Masini, Elizabeth Onyango, Sunil D. Khaparde, Maureen Kamene, Newton Omale, Timothy B. Hallett, Stela Bivol, Cristina Celan, Kiran Rade, Eunice Omesa, Paresh Dave, Michael J. A. Reid, Juan F. Vesga, Raghuram Rao, Kuldeep Singh Sachdeva, Philip Owiti, Richard Kiplimo, Valentina Vilc, Muthoni Karanja, Valeriu Crudu, Nimalan Arinaminpathy, United Nations Office for Project Services, and Medical Research Council (MRC)

Subjects
COUNTRIES, Tuberculosis, 030231 tropical medicine, Psychological intervention, MEDLINE, India, Context (language use), CHINA, law.invention, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cost of Illness, law, TARGETS, Environmental health, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Tuberculosis, Pulmonary, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Science & Technology, COUGH, Models, Statistical, business.industry, Health Priorities, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS, lcsh:RA1-1270, Bayes Theorem, General Medicine, HIV CARE, Moldova, Private sector, medicine.disease, SOUTH-AFRICA, Kenya, Transmission (mechanics), PROSPECTS, Population Surveillance, business, International development, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology
Abstract

Summary Background In the context of WHO's End TB strategy, there is a need to focus future control efforts on those interventions and innovations that would be most effective in accelerating declines in tuberculosis burden. Using a modelling approach to link the tuberculosis care cascade to transmission, we aimed to identify which improvements in the cascade would yield the greatest effect on incidence and mortality. Methods We engaged with national tuberculosis programmes in three country settings (India, Kenya, and Moldova) as illustrative examples of settings with a large private sector (India), a high HIV burden (Kenya), and a high burden of multidrug resistance (Moldova). We collated WHO country burden estimates, routine surveillance data, and tuberculosis prevalence surveys from 2011 (for India) and 2016 (for Kenya). Linking the tuberculosis care cascade to tuberculosis transmission using a mathematical model with Bayesian melding in each setting, we examined which cascade shortfalls would have the greatest effect on incidence and mortality, and how the cascade could be used to monitor future control efforts. Findings Modelling suggests that combined measures to strengthen the care cascade could reduce cumulative tuberculosis incidence by 38% (95% Bayesian credible intervals 27–43) in India, 31% (25–41) in Kenya, and 27% (17–41) in Moldova between 2018 and 2035. For both incidence and mortality, modelling suggests that the most important cascade losses are the proportion of patients visiting the private health-care sector in India, missed diagnosis in health-care settings in Kenya, and drug sensitivity testing in Moldova. In all settings, the most influential delay is the interval before a patient's first presentation for care. In future interventions, the proportion of individuals with tuberculosis who are on high-quality treatment could offer a more robust monitoring tool than routine notifications of tuberculosis. Interpretation Linked to transmission, the care cascade can be valuable, not only for improving patient outcomes but also in identifying and monitoring programmatic priorities to reduce tuberculosis incidence and mortality. Funding US Agency for International Development, Stop TB Partnership, UK Medical Research Council, and Department for International Development.

Published
2018

5. Erratum to 'Sustainable planning of the energy-water-food nexus using decision making tools' [Energy Policy 113, (2018) 584, 2018]

Author

Bieber, N, Kee, JH, Wang, X, Triantafyllidis, C, Van Dam, KH, Koppelaar, RHEM, Shah, N, and United Nations Office for Project Services

Subjects
Technology, Science & Technology, Energy, Energy & Fuels, Economics, Business & Economics, Environmental Studies, MD Multidisciplinary, Social Sciences, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences
Published
2017

6. An integrated optimisation platform for sustainable resource and infrastructure planning

Author

Xiaonan Wang, Charalampos Triantafyllidis, Koen H. van Dam, Rembrandt H.E.M. Koppelaar, Nilay Shah, and United Nations Office for Project Services

Subjects
education.field_of_study, Resource (biology), Environmental Engineering, Sanitation, Poverty, Computer science, Ecological Modeling, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Population, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Environmental economics, Network topology, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, Greenhouse gas, MD Multidisciplinary, Function (engineering), education, Software, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common
Abstract

It is crucial for sustainable planning to consider broad environmental and social dimensions and systemic implications of new infrastructure to build more resilient societies, reduce poverty, improve human well-being, mitigate climate change and address other global change processes. This article presents resilience.io, 2 a platform to evaluate new infrastructure projects by assessing their design and effectiveness in meeting growing resource demands, simulated using Agent-Based Modelling due to socio-economic population changes. We then use Mixed-Integer Linear Programming to optimise a multi-objective function to find cost-optimal solutions, inclusive of environmental metrics such as greenhouse gas emissions. The solutions in space and time provide planning guidance for conventional and novel technology selection, changes in network topology, system costs, and can incorporate any material, waste, energy, labour or emissions flow. As an application, a use case is provided for the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) sector for a four million people city-region in Ghana.

Published
2017

7. The Southern Altiplano of Bolivia

Author

Winkel, Thierry, Alvarez-Flores, R., Bommel, Pierre, Bourliaud, Jean, Chevarria-Lazo, Marco, Cortes, Geneviève, Cruz, Pablo, Del Castillo, Carmen, Pierre Gasselin, Joffre, Richard, Leger, François, Nina Laura, J. P., Rambal, Serge, Rivière, Garry, Tichit, Muriel, Tourrand, Jean-François, Vassas Toral, A., Vieira Pak, Manuela, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de recherche Paysannerie, Territoires, Environnement, Marchés et politiques Publiques (MONA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UNOPS, United Nations Office for Project Services, Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), PNUMA Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières, Centre de recherches sur les mondes américains (CERMA), Mondes Américains (CERMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Didier Bazile, Daniel Bertero, Carlos Nieto, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Mondes Américains, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (Cirad-Es-UPR 47 GREEN), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)

Subjects
family farming, Exploitation agricole familiale, quinoa real, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, ecotype, socio-ecological system, pluriactivity, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, Ressource génétique végétale, territorial rules and regulations, agricultural sustainability, bolivia, social adaptability, Chenopodium quinoa, Agriculture à temps partiel, Écotype, Donnée de production, Réglementation, Marché, E80 - Economie familiale et artisanale, Agroécosystème, Utilisation, E14 - Economie et politique du développement, Commercialisation
Abstract

Partie 5 "Quinoa crop in Andean countries", chapitre 5.1.bCet ouvrage a été conçu dans le cadre de l'Année Internationale du Quinoa (FAO) en 2013.; Quinoa has been a staple food for Andean populations for millennia. Today, it is a much-appreciated product on the international health-food, organic and fair-trade food markets. Quinoa producers in the southern Altiplano of Bolivia initiated this change approximately 40 years ago. On high desert land, they succeeded in developing a thriving agricultural crop for export. Although they enjoy lucrative niche markets, quinoa producers are not specialized farmers, nor do most of them live yearround in the production area. These are some of the paradoxes that characterize quinoa production in the southern Altiplano of Bolivia. Following a description of the origin, diversity and biological traits of the ‘Quinoa Real’ ecotype, on which production in this area is based, this chapter explores the importance of quinoa in local agrosystems and in the systems of agricultural and non-agricultural activities managed by southern Altiplano families. Geographic mobility and pluriactivity are part of the ancestral lifestyle of these populations and have to date determined how territorial resources are used and producers are organized in the context of quinoa’s commercial success. Quinoa production in the region is presenting signs of agro-ecological and social vulnerability; however, it has the capacities to respond and adapt accordingly. Key points for the sustainability of local agrosystems are: i) harmonization of communal and individual regulations concerning access to and use of land in socially equitable agrosystems with a balance between crops and animal husbandry, ii) international standards for the recognition of ‘Quinoa Real’ in export markets, iii) continuous updating of rules and regulations so that local agrosystems can adapt to unpredictable changes in the socio-ecological context on different scales of space and time.

Published
2015

8. Altiplano Sur de Bolivia

Author

Winkel, Thierry, Alvarez-Flores, R., Bommel, Pierre, Bourliaud, Jean, Chevarria-Lazo, Marco, Cortes, Geneviève, Cruz, Pablo, Del Castillo, Carmen, Pierre Gasselin, Joffre, Richard, Leger, François, Nina Laura, J. P., Rambal, Serge, Rivière, G., Tichit, Muriel, Tourrand, Jean-François, Vassas Toral, A., Vieira Pak, Manuela, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Unité de recherche Paysannerie, Territoires, Environnement, Marchés et politiques Publiques (MONA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UNOPS, United Nations Office for Project Services, Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), PNUMA Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomia, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières, Centre de recherches sur les mondes américains (CERMA), Mondes Américains (CERMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Didier Bazile, Daniel Bertero, Carlos Nieto, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (Cirad-Es-UPR 47 GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre national d'études agronomiques des régions chaudes (CNEARC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mondes Américains, and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)

Subjects
Exploitation agricole familiale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, Norme, F01 - Culture des plantes, bolivia, Chenopodium quinoa, Adaptation, Écotype, Utilisation des terres, Environnement socioéconomique, adaptabilidad social, pluriactividad, Développement régional, E80 - Economie familiale et artisanale, Développement durable, ecotipo, agricultura familiar, normas territoriales, E14 - Economie et politique du développement, Système de culture, Commercialisation
Abstract

Partie 5 "Contexto del cultivo en su área originaria", chapitre 5.1.bCet ouvrage a été conçu dans le cadre de l'Année Internationale du Quinoa (FAO) en 2013.; Alimento de base de las poblaciones andinas desde hace milenios, la quinua se ha convertido hoy en un producto apreciado en el mercado internacional de alimentos dietéticos, orgánicos y equitativos. Este cambio lo iniciaron los mismos productores del Altiplano Sur de Bolivia hace aproximadamente unos 40 años. En medio de un desierto de altura, ellos lograron desarrollar una floreciente producción agrícola de exportación. Aunque cuentan con lucrativos nichos de mercado, los productores de quinua no son agricultores especializados, ni residen de forma permanente en la zona de producción. Estas son algunas de las paradojas que caracterizan la producción de quinua en el Altiplano Sur de Bolivia. Después de describir el origen, la diversidad y los rasgos biológicos del ecotipo Quinua Real en el cual se basa la producción de esta zona, se plantea la importancia de la quinua en los agrosistemas locales y, más allá, en los sistemas de actividades agrícolas y no agrícolas manejados por las familias del Altiplano Sur. Movilidad geográfica y pluriactividad forman parte del modo de vida ancestral de estas poblaciones y determinan hasta hoy en día las condiciones de uso de los recursos territoriales y la organización de los productores en el contexto del auge comercial de la quinua. La producción actual de quinua en la región presenta rasgos de vulnerabilidad agroecológica y social, así como capacidades adaptativas para enfrentarlos. Se resaltan como puntos clave para la sostenibilidad de los agrosistemas locales: i) la concertación de reglas comunales e individuales para el acceso y uso de la tierra en agrosistemas socialmente equitativos y equilibrados entre cultivo y ganadería, ii) las normas internacionales para el reconocimiento de la Quinua Real en los mercados de exportación, iii) una actualización continua de las reglas y normas para mantener la adaptabilidad de los agrosistemas locales a los cambios imprevisibles del contexto socio-ecológico a varias escalas de espacio y de tiempo.

Published
2014

9. Entre diálogo y fricción: enseñanza de un programa franco-boliviano de investigación y acción sobre sostenibilidad del cultivo de quinoa

Author

Thierry Winkel, Sarah Métais, Pierre Bommel, Jean Bourliaud, Marco Allan Chevarria Lazo, Geneviève Cortes, Pierre Gasselin, Richard Joffre, Francois Léger, Serge Rambal, Jean-Pierre Ratte, Gilles Rivière, Muriel Tichit, Jean-François Tourrand, Jean-Joinville Vacher, Anaïs Vassas Toral, Manuela Vieira Pak, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Agronomes et Vétérinaires Sans Frontières, Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Paysanneries, Territoires, Environnement, Marchés et politiques Publiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UNOPS, United Nations Office for Project Services, Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), PNUMA Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Centre de recherches sur les mondes américains (CERMA), Mondes Américains (CERMA), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Técnica de Oruro (UTO). Oruro, BOL., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Mondes Américains, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], formation, durabilité, quinoa, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, recherche-action, bolivie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2010

10. Rapport sur le développement dans le monde, 2008. Banque mondiale : résumé et commentaire

Author

Mazoyer, Marcel, Roudart, Laurence, Mayaki, Ibrahim Assane, AgroParisTech, Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech

Subjects
DEVELOPMENT, AGRICULTURE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GROWTH, GOVERNANCE, AGRICULTURAL POLICY, LIBERALIZATION, GOUVERNANCE
Abstract

Cet article résume et commente le Rapport sur le développement dans le monde, 2008, de la Banque mondiale.

Published
2008

11. Sostenibilidad de la producción de quinua en el altiplano sud de Bolivia: reflexiones desde un modelo integral

Author

Winkel, Thierry, Bommel, Pierre, Chevarria Lazo, Marco Allan, Cortes, Geneviève, Cruz, Pablo, Pierre Gasselin, Joffre, Richard, Léger, F., Rambal, Serge, Tichit, Muriel, Tourrand, Jean-François, Vassas-Toral, Anaïs, Vieira Pak, Manuela, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (Cirad-Es-UPR 47 GREEN), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), UNOPS, United Nations Office for Project Services, Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), PNUMA Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Agro-alimentaire (UMR Innovation), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN). Ibarra, ECU., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], E14 - Économie et politique du développement, F01 - Culture des plantes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], durabilité, E80 - Économie familiale et artisanale, E50 - Sociologie rurale, quinoa, bolivie, activité agricole
Abstract

El éxito de la producción de quinua de exportación en el altiplano sur de Bolivia parece paradójico, convirtiendo una región inhóspita y un cultivo marginalizado por mucho tiempo una zona dinámica de producción de un cereal muy apreciado en los mercados orgánicos y de comercio justo del hemisferio norte. Los productores del altiplano, iniciadores de este éxito, están ahora preocupados por la sostenibilidad de sus actividades agrícolas y la conservación del capital social y natural de sus territorios. Para entender la complejidad del este p articular sistema hombre - naturaleza e integrar la diversidad de sus elementos constitutivos, escalas y procesos en juego, utilizamos como marco conceptual la teoría de la panarquía. El diagnóstico de la vulnerabilidad socio ecológica de la región nos resal ta la sensibilidad de los agrosistemas locales a las limitaciones climaticas y recalca también la adaptabilidad de las familias de productores a los cambios socio economicos gracias a un sistema diversificado de movilidad y pluriactividad. Dejando atrás la s soluciones agrotécnicas elaboradas con base a visiones sectoriales, la panarquía articula tres subsistemas, teniendo en cuenta sus respectivos campos de vulnerabilidad/adaptabilidad: las familias y sus opciones económicas, el espacio y su dinámica territorial, la sociedad y sus regulaciones (reglas/normas/instituciones). Este análisis sistémico revela la serie de circunstancias que promovieron las dinámicas socio ecológicas observadas en los últimos 40 años. Se identificaron algunas condiciones necesarias para un manejo adaptativo de los socio ecosistemas del altiplano sud de Bolivia. Entre ellas, la combinación de las actividades económicas desempeñadas por las familias y la ambivalencia de la regulación social facilitan la adaptabilidad y la capacidad de transformación de los socio ecosistemas locales. Sin embargo, estas mismas características se convierten en trampas de adaptación cuando llevan los actores locales a implementar prácticas técnicas y organizativas incompatibles con las vulnerabilidades que se han acumulado en un territorio saturado por la producción agrícola. En la necesaria renovación de las normas sociales de uso y acceso de las tierras, el reto para las poblaciones locales consiste en concebir un manejo más seguro y más equitativo de los recursos territoriales sin ceder a la tendencia de comando-y-control promovida por varios actores (ONGs, instituciones estatales, empresas privadas, etc.) que se multiplicaron en la zona.

12. Delivering health for all: the critical role of gender-responsive health systems.

Author

Achrekar A, Akselrod S, Clark H, Cuevas Barron G, Charles M, Dain K, Dhatt R, Khan M, Koonin J, Orankoy I, Thapaliya S, and Umuhoza C

Subjects
Humans, Gender Identity, Government Programs
Abstract

Competing Interests: We declare no competing interests. We thank Neena Joshi, Bethany-Kate Lewis, and Laetitia Bosio for their support in drafting and editing this Comment.

Published
2024
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13. Expanding the roles of community health workers to sustain programmes during malaria elimination: a meeting report on operational research in Southeast Asia.

Author

Dysoley L, Callery JJ, Bunreth V, Vanna M, Davoeung C, Sovann Y, You S, Ol S, Tripura R, Chew R, Chandna A, Christiansen-Jucht C, Hughes J, Sokomar N, Sophornarann T, Rideout J, Veyvath T, Sarith O, Puthy T, Sothearoth H, An SS, Zaman SI, von Seidlein L, Vanthy L, Sodavuth P, Vannak C, Dondorp AM, Lubell Y, Maude RJ, Peto TJ, and Adhikari B

Subjects
Pregnancy, Humans, Female, Operations Research, Cambodia epidemiology, Surveys and Questionnaires, Community Health Workers, Malaria prevention & control, Malaria diagnosis
Abstract

In Southeast Asia malaria elimination is targeted by 2030. Cambodia aims to achieve this by 2025, driven in large part by the urgent need to control the spread of artemisinin-resistant falciparum malaria infections. Rapid elimination depends on sustaining early access to diagnosis and effective treatment. In much of Cambodia, rapid elimination will rely on a village malaria worker (VMW) network. Yet as malaria declines and is no longer a common cause of febrile illness, VMWs may become less popular with febrile patients, as VMWs do not diagnose or treat other conditions at present. There is a risk that VMWs become inactive and malaria rebounds before the complete interruption of transmission is achieved.During 2021-23 a large-scale operational research study was conducted in western Cambodia to explore how a VMW network could be sustained by including health activities that cover non-malarial illnesses to encourage febrile patients to continue to attend. 105 VMWs received new rapid diagnostic tests (including dengue antigen-antibody and combined malaria/C-reactive protein tests), were trained in electronic data collection, and attended health education packages on hygiene and sanitation, disease surveillance and first aid, management of mild illness, and vaccination and antenatal care.In August 2023 the National Malaria Control Programme of Cambodia convened a stakeholder meeting in Battambang, Cambodia. Findings from the study were reviewed in the context of current malaria elimination strategies. The discussions informed policy options to sustain the relevance of the VMW network in Cambodia, and the potential for its integration with other health worker networks. This expansion could ensure VMWs remain active and relevant until malaria elimination is accomplished., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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14. Breech delivery in low-income settings: A systematic review of perinatal and maternal outcomes in vaginal versus cesarean breech deliveries.

Author

Sorensen HA, Obel J, Schroll JB, and Krebs L

Subjects
Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Pregnancy, Cesarean Section economics, Cesarean Section mortality, Cesarean Section statistics & numerical data, Infant Mortality, Perinatal Mortality, Pregnancy Outcome epidemiology, Morbidity, Maternal Mortality, Breech Presentation epidemiology, Breech Presentation mortality, Breech Presentation surgery, Breech Presentation therapy, Delivery, Obstetric economics, Delivery, Obstetric methods, Delivery, Obstetric mortality, Delivery, Obstetric statistics & numerical data, Developing Countries economics, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Most studies comparing vaginal breech delivery (VBD) with cesarean breech delivery (CBD) have been conducted in high-income settings. It is uncertain whether these results are applicable in a low-income setting. To assess the neonatal and maternal mortality and morbidity for singleton VBD compared to CBD in low- and lower-middle-income settings,the PubMed database was searched from January 1, 2000, to January 23, 2020 (updated April 21, 2021). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs comparing singleton VBD with singleton CBD in low- and lower-middle-income settings reporting infant mortality were selected. Two authors independently assessed papers for eligibility and risk of bias. The primary outcome was relative risk of perinatal mortality. Meta-analysis was conducted on applicable outcomes. Eight studies (one RCT, seven observational) (12 510 deliveries) were included. VBD increased perinatal mortality (relative risk [RR] 2.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-3.91; one RCT, five observational studies, 3289 women) and risk of 5-minute Apgar score below 7 (RR 3.91, 95% CI 1.90-8.04; three observational studies, 430 women) compared to CBD. There was a higher risk of hospitalization and postpartum bleeding in CBD. Most of the studies were deemed to have moderate or serious risk of bias. CBD decreases risk of perinatal mortality but increases risk of bleeding and hospitalization., (© 2022 The Authors. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.)

Published
2023
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15. Present and Future Drinking Water Security and Its Impacts on Maternities: A Multi-Scale Assessment of Sudan.

Author

Simonin V, Vaghefi SA, Abdelgadir ZM, Eltayeb D, Sidahmed MAM, Monet JP, and Ray N

Subjects
Pregnancy, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Female, Sudan, Water Quality, Public Health, Water Supply, Drinking Water
Abstract

Adequate access to drinking water for hydration and hygiene depends on many factors. We developed the Drinking Water Security Index (DWSI) to assess relative multifactorial drinking water security at different spatial and temporal scales. DWSI is a function of four key indicators of drinking water security: water quality, water accessibility, water continuity, and water availability. We built DWSI with a total of 10 variables and applied the new index in Sudan to assess historical and future drinking water security at state, local, and maternity levels. Analyses at the state level found that the Red Sea and River Nile states are most vulnerable, with the lowest DWSI for both historical and future periods. The 1 km 2 pixel level analysis shows large differences in water security within the major states. Analyses at the maternity level showed that nearly 18.97 million people are affected by the 10% of maternities with the lowest DWSI, a number projected to increase by 60% by 2030. Current and future DWSI of maternities providing Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care was assessed to identify those where urgent action is needed to ensure quality health care in water-secure conditions. This work provides useful information for stakeholders in the health and drinking water sectors in Sudan, to improve public health, reduce preventable mortality, and make the population more resilient to projected environmental changes.

Published
2023
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16. Mastering stakeholders' engagement to reach national scale, sustainability and wide adoption of digital health initiatives: lessons learnt from Burkina Faso.

Author

Lampariello R and Ancellin-Panzani S

Subjects
Burkina Faso, Child, Family, Humans, Referral and Consultation, Caregivers, Stakeholder Participation
Abstract

Although low-income countries have recently seen an exponential flourishing of digital health initiatives, the landscape is characterised by a myriad of small pilots that rarely reach scaling, sustainability and wide adoption. The case of Burkina Faso represents an exception where a digital health initiative initially conceived to improve the diagnosis of sick children under 5 has supported millions of consultations. Technical aspects such as interoperability, standardisation, and adaptation to the existing infrastructure were considered as they are prerequisites for scaling; so was the demonstration of the health impact and affordability of the initiative. Beyond those factors which are largely documented in the literature, the experience in Burkina Faso showed that the positive outcome was also determined by the support of numerous stakeholders. A vast network of stakeholders from the Ministry of Health to child caregivers is involved and each of them could have either blocked or promoted the digital health initiative. Thanks to an extensive, time-consuming and tailored stakeholder strategy, it was possible to avoid potential blockages from multiple actors and gain their engagement., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)

Published
2021
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17. Effectiveness of mHealth Interventions for Improving Contraceptive Use in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.

Author

Aung B, Mitchell JW, and Braun KL

Subjects
Contraception, Contraceptive Agents, Female, Humans, Income, Male, Developing Countries, Telemedicine
Abstract

Background: mHealth interventions are being tested to improve contraceptive uptake in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs); however, the effectiveness of these interventions has not been systematically reviewed., Objectives: The primary objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of mHealth interventions to improve contraceptive uptake and adherence in LMICs. A second objective was to identify mHealth features and behavior change communication components used in these mHealth interventions., Methods: A systematic search was conducted of online databases for peer-reviewed articles that reported on intervention studies with men and women from LMICs and measured mHealth intervention impact on contraceptive uptake and/or adherence. Key search terms included "mHealth" or "mobile health," "contraception" or "family planning," and "low- and middle-income countries." PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting review methods and findings. The Cochrane risk-of-bias 2 tool for randomized trials was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. The GRADE approach was used to determine the quality of evidence., Results: Eight randomized controlled trial studies met the inclusion criteria. Four studies experienced implementation challenges (e.g., intervention components were not utilized fully by participants, intervention participants did not receive the full intervention content, contamination, low response rate, and/or missing data). Only 3 interventions were found to be effective, and these included a "push" approach, interactive communication, information tailored to participants, motivational messaging, and male partner involvement., Conclusion: To date, the delivery of mHealth interventions for improving family planning in LMICs has met with implementation challenges that have reduced the researcher's ability to test intervention effectiveness. Although 3 of 8 studies found improved contraceptive use in the intervention group, the review cannot draw concrete conclusions on the overall effectiveness of mHealth interventions to increase contraceptive use in LMICs. Further research with robust program fidelity is recommended., (© Aung et al.)

Published
2020
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18. A systems-based assessment of Palestine's current and future infrastructure requirements.

Author

Ives MC, Hickford AJ, Adshead D, Thacker S, Hall JW, Nicholls RJ, Sway T, Abu Ayyash M, Jones R, and O'Regan N

Subjects
Asia, Climate Change, Forecasting, Middle East, Energy-Generating Resources, Water Supply
Abstract

The occupied Palestinian territories of West Bank and Gaza Strip are currently experiencing many challenges in the provision of infrastructure services for their inhabitants. This includes an undersupply of infrastructure services across multiple sectors - an issue exacerbated by population growth, increasing urbanisation, economic growth and climate change. We address this challenge by providing a systems-based assessment of Palestine's infrastructure requirements and identifying broad strategies for how those needs might be met. This assessment involved four key components including: 1) defining and assessing the current system and planned infrastructure investments; 2) assessing potential future demand for infrastructure services; 3) identifying alternative strategies for future infrastructure provision beyond planned investments; and 4) analysing the performance of each strategy against a series of key performance indicators. Results from the assessment highlight the magnitude of the current and future need for urgent infrastructure investment in Palestine. The most immediate need is to alleviate the water crises in Gaza Strip, which will require at least twice as much water infrastructure investment over the coming decade than is currently in the pipeline, even if the goal is only to achieve the most basic World Health Organisation water availability requirements. To move beyond this protracted state of crises will then require a doubling of investments across all sectors to bring Palestine up to the standards of services already enjoyed by its neighbours. Such investments can have even greater impact on delivery of infrastructure services through the strategic use of interdependencies between infrastructure sectors, such as water re-use and energy-from-waste. In the pursuit of global sustainable development, the systems-based approach presented here provides an important first step in the assessment of infrastructure needs and opportunities for any country. It is particularly important for states like Palestine where key resources, such as water and energy, are so acutely constrained., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
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20. Qualitative exploration of facilitating factors and barriers to use of antenatal care services by pregnant women in urban and rural settings in Pakistan.

Author

Nisar YB, Aurangzeb B, Dibley MJ, and Alam A

Subjects
Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Focus Groups, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pakistan, Pregnancy, Pregnant People psychology, Prenatal Care statistics & numerical data, Qualitative Research, Trust, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Health Services Accessibility statistics & numerical data, Prenatal Care psychology, Rural Population statistics & numerical data, Urban Population statistics & numerical data
Abstract

Background: World Health Organisation recommends that pregnant women with no complications should visit a healthcare provider at least four times to receive sufficient antenatal care services. In Pakistan only 37% of women reported to have had four or more antenatal care visits during their last pregnancy. This study aimed to explore facilitators and barriers to use of antenatal care services in rural and urban communities of two selected districts in Pakistan., Methods: Qualitative explorative study using in-depth interviews with currently pregnant women, lady health workers and doctors providing antenatal care services, and focus group discussion with women who had a child aged 5 years or younger, was conducted in a rural community in the district Swabi and in a tertiary care hospital in urban Islamabad in Pakistan. The audio-recorded interviews and discussions were transcribed verbatim in Urdu (the language spoken by the respondents). A list of topical codes for all topics related to the research questions was developed. Subsequently the text pertaining to each topical code was discussed and summarised in a document that presented the findings for each topic using quotes and tables., Results: We conducted in-depth interviews with six lady health workers, four doctors, and ten currently pregnant women, and facilitated ten focus group discussions with women who had a child aged 5 years or younger. Currently pregnant women, and women who had a child aged 5 years or younger, were not aware of the recommended minimum number of antenatal care visits to be made during pregnancy. Facilitating factors to visit a particular health care facility were: availability of qualified healthcare providers (private facility); trust in healthcare providers; recommendation from a family member, friend or lady health worker (in rural areas); availability of good quality services including medical equipment and laboratory facilities; low cost (public facility); and easy access to the health facility (private facility). Common barriers to visiting a health facility for antenatal care services were: financial limitations; perceived absence of any major health problems during pregnancy; difficulties in reaching the health facility; restriction from husband or mother-in-law; busy performing household chores; no previous experience of antenatal care visits; and perceived unavailability of healthcare providers and/or services., Conclusions: The current study identified several policy-relevant facilitating factors and barriers to visiting a health facility for antenatal care services as reported by urban and rural women, and healthcare providers. There is a need to formulate and implement intervention packages based on these findings to increase the coverage of the recommended four antenatal care visits in Pakistan.

Published
2016
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21. Iron/folic acid supplementation during pregnancy prevents neonatal and under-five mortality in Pakistan: propensity score matched sample from two Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys.

Author

Nisar YB and Dibley MJ

Subjects
Child, Preschool, Demography, Female, Folic Acid pharmacology, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron pharmacology, Male, Mothers, Pakistan, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Propensity Score, Child Mortality, Dietary Supplements, Folic Acid administration & dosage, Infant Mortality, Iron administration & dosage
Abstract

Background: Several epidemiological studies from low- and middle-income countries have reported a protective effect of maternal antenatal iron/folic acid (IFA) on childhood mortality., Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of maternal antenatal IFA supplementation on childhood mortality in Pakistan., Design: A propensity score-matched sample of 8,512 infants live-born within the 5 years prior to interview was selected from the pooled data of two Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (2006/07 and 2012/13). The primary outcomes were childhood mortality indicators and the main exposure variable was maternal antenatal IFA supplementation. Post-matched analyses used Cox proportional hazards regression and adjusted for 16 potential confounders., Results: Maternal antenatal IFA supplementation significantly reduced the adjusted risk of death on day 0 by 33% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR)=0.67, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.48-0.94], during the neonatal period by 29% (aHR=0.71, 95% CI 0.57-0.88), and for under-fives by 27% (aHR=0.73, 95% CI 0.60-0.89). When IFA was initiated in the first 4 months of pregnancy, the adjusted risk of neonatal and under-five deaths was significantly reduced by 35 and 33%, respectively. Twenty percent of under-five deaths were attributable to non-initiation of IFA in the first 4 months of pregnancy. With universal initiation of IFA in the first 4 months of pregnancy, 80,300 under-five deaths could be prevented annually in Pakistan., Conclusions: Maternal antenatal IFA supplementation significantly reduced neonatal and under-five deaths in Pakistan. Earlier initiation of supplements in pregnancy was associated with a greater prevention of neonatal and under-five deaths.

Published
2016
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22. Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation During Pregnancy Reduces the Risk of Stunting in Children Less Than 2 Years of Age: A Retrospective Cohort Study from Nepal.

Author

Nisar YB, Dibley MJ, and Aguayo VM

Subjects
Adult, Female, Folic Acid pharmacology, Health Surveys, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Iron pharmacology, Iron, Dietary pharmacology, Micronutrients pharmacology, Nepal, Pregnancy, Prenatal Care, Retrospective Studies, Dietary Supplements, Folic Acid therapeutic use, Growth Disorders prevention & control, Iron therapeutic use, Iron, Dietary therapeutic use, Micronutrients therapeutic use, Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of antenatal iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation on child stunting in Nepalese children age <2 years. A retrospective cohort study design was used, in which a pooled cohort of 5235 most recent live births 2 years prior to interview from three Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (2001, 2006 and 2011) was analysed. The primary outcome was stunting in children age <2 years. The main exposure variable was antenatal IFA supplementation. Multivariate Poisson regression analysis was performed. In our sample, 31% and 10% of Nepalese children age <2 years were stunted and severely stunted, respectively. The adjusted relative risk of being stunted was 14% lower in children whose mothers used IFA supplements compared to those whose mothers did not use (aRR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.77-0.97). Additionally, the adjusted relative risk of being stunted was significantly reduced by 23% when antenatal IFA supplementation was started ≤6 months with ≥90 IFA supplements used during pregnancy (aRR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.64-0.92). Antenatal IFA supplementation significantly reduced the risk of stunting in Nepalese children age <2 years. The greatest impact on the risk reduction of child stunting was when IFA supplements were started ≤6 months with ≥90 supplements were used.

Published
2016
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23. Respiratory health status and its predictors: a cross-sectional study among coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora, India.

Author

Chattopadhyay K, Chattopadhyay C, and Kaltenthaler E

Subjects
Adult, Air Pollutants, Occupational, Coal, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Status, Humans, India, Male, Particulate Matter, Respiratory Tract Diseases genetics, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, Cooking methods, Metallurgy, Occupational Diseases epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology
Abstract

Objectives: During the past decade, coal-based sponge iron plants, a highly polluted industry, have grown rapidly in Barjora, India. The toxic effects of particulate matters and gaseous pollutants include various respiratory diseases. Understanding workers' perception of respiratory health is essential in people-centred healthcare. The aim of the study was to assess their respiratory health status and to determine its predictors., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Coal-based sponge iron plants in Barjora, India., Participants: 258 coal-based sponge iron plant workers., Primary Outcome Measure: Respiratory health status was measured using the St. George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ) total score. 100 and 0 represent the worst and best possible respiratory health status, respectively., Statistical Analyses: The two-part model (frequency (any worse respiratory health status) and severity (amount of worse respiratory health status)) was developed for the score, as the data were positively skewed with many zeros., Results: The mean (SD) SGRQ total score was 7.7 (14.5), the median (IQR) was 0.9 (9.0), and the observed range was 0-86.6. The best possible SGRQ total score was reported by 46.9% of workers. Independent predictors of worse respiratory health status were cleaner domestic cooking fuel (coefficient -0.76, 95% CI -1.46 to -0.06, p=0.034) and personal history of any respiratory disease (1.76, 1.04 to 2.47, p<0.001) in case of frequency; and family history of any respiratory disease (0.43, 0.02 to 0.83, p=0.039) and personal history (1.19, 0.83 to 1.54, p<0.001) in case of severity., Conclusions: Less than half of the coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora have the best possible respiratory health status. The predictors of worse respiratory health status were identified. The study findings could be taken into consideration in future interventional studies aimed at improving the respiratory health status of these workers., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

Published
2015
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24. Health-related quality-of-life of coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora, India: a cross-sectional study.

Author

Chattopadhyay K, Chattopadhyay C, and Kaltenthaler E

Subjects
Adult, Anxiety epidemiology, Coal adverse effects, Cross-Sectional Studies, Depression epidemiology, Health Status, Humans, India epidemiology, Male, Mobility Limitation, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Pain epidemiology, Respiratory Tract Diseases epidemiology, Metallurgy statistics & numerical data, Quality of Life
Abstract

Objectives: During the last decade, coal-based sponge iron plants, a highly polluted industry, have grown rapidly in Barjora, India. Understanding their workers' perception of health is essential in people-centered healthcare. The aim of the study was to assess their health-related quality-of-life (HRQoL), and to determine factors that independently predict their HRQoL., Design: Cross-sectional study., Setting: Coal-based sponge iron plants in Barjora, India., Participants: 258 coal-based sponge iron plant workers., Primary Outcome Measure: HRQoL was measured using the EuroQol-5D-5L., Results: The response rate was 100%. Participants with problems in mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were 23.3%, 5.1%, 10.9%, 39.5% and 45.5%, respectively. 36.8% of participants reported health state 11111 (no problem in any EQ-5D dimension). The mean visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) was 69.8 (18.5 SD). The odds of mobility problems decreased with age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.99, p=0.016), were lower in participants with presence/history of any respiratory disease (0.27, 0.13 to 0.55, p<0.001), scheduled caste/scheduled tribe/other backward class workers (0.44, 0.22 to 0.89, p=0.021), manual workers (0.40, 0.16 to 0.99, p=0.047) and non-smokers (2.63, 1.27 to 5.46, p=0.009). The odds of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were lower in participants with any respiratory disease (0.44, 0.24 to 0.79, p=0.006; and 0.52, 0.29 to 0.92, p=0.026, respectively). The EQ-VAS was worse in manual participants (coefficient -6.91, 95% CI -12.40 to -1.41, p=0.014), with any respiratory disease (-8.13, -13.12 to -3.13, p=0.002), alcohol drinkers (-4.81, -9.47 to -0.15, p=0.043), literates (7.70, 0.97 to 14.43, p=0.025) and Hindus (13.41, 2.62 to 24.20, p=0.015)., Conclusions: Many coal-based sponge iron plant workers in Barjora have problems in their HRQoL, and the predictors of different aspects of HRQoL were identified. The study findings could be taken into consideration in future interventional studies aimed at improving the HRQoL of these workers., (Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.)

Published
2014
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