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Introduction: Fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries are one of the most important public health problems all over the world. Its number greatly varies from country to country over the years. Worldwide approximately 4% of global gross domestic product (GDP) is lost due to occupational injuries. It has also been estimated that daily, approximately 1 million workers get injured, and more than 5000 workers die due to their occupation. In this research work, using modern data analytics techniques, we have tried to explore the current situation and time trend of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries globally and in India. Materials and Methods: Using the open-source data available at the International Labour Organization (ILO) database and the Government of India open database, analysis was performed systematically using R and Python programming languages. Data have been accessed by December 31, 2022. To make a representative sample population for this article, four countries from Europe and Central Asia region (Russia, France, Germany, and United Kingdom), four countries from the Asia-Pacific region (India, Australia, Japan, and Republic of Korea), and two countries from Americas (United States and Argentina) are selected for a meaningful comparison purpose. Results: Since 2000, the time trend of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries has been increasing trend globally. The yearly average (± standard deviation) of fatal and non-fatal injuries per country per million population was 256 (±68) and 83380 (±41280). The number of fatal injuries in India has increased over the years, but the number of non-fatal injuries in India is decreasing trend. Discussion: According to the ILO database, it has been revealed in this article that, on average yearly, 83380 per million population total occupational injuries are reported worldwide. Among them, yearly, 256 per million population (0.3%) workers per country succumbed to injuries. According to Government of India database, there was an average of 271 deaths per year between 2000 and 2021. For evidence-based decision and policy making and subsequent program implementation, the availability of timely, good-quality data from every industrial sector of society is most important. It can only be achieved by implementing integrated occupational injury surveillance programs at national and global levels. Keywords: Asia, Europe, gross domestic product, ILO, India, occupational injuries, United States, Author(s): Arkaprabha Sau (corresponding author) [1,2]; Santanu Phadikar [2]; Ishita Bhakta [3]; Arindam Chatterjee [4] INTRODUCTION An occupational injury is defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) as 'any personal [...]

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a new 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction recommendation known as the WHO Cardiovascular Risk Chart 2019 (WHO CRC). However, there is currently no assessment available regarding the relationship between ASCVD classic and occupational profiles to WHO CRC, specifically in occupational settings and in the context of the Indonesian Heart Association's (IHA) adjusted version of the WHO CRC for South-East Asia (WHO CRC-INA). This study aims to fill this gap by examining the relationship between classic (Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Disease) ASCVD and occupational profiles within the oil and gas industry, specifically the WHO CRC-INA. This study is analytical cross-sectional research data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and logistic regression, with a significance level of P < 0.05. The research using total sampling method amounted to 240 workers from January to May 2022 of Medical Check Up (MCU) in a major oil and gas company. The ASCVD risk measurement instrument uses the final score of the WHO CRC-INA, grouped into low- and medium-high risk. Analysis showed that occupational profiles had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk, as seen in the bivariate analysis for shift work and work type (P = 0.018; OR = 2,045) had a relationship with WHO CRC-INA medium-high risk. Keywords: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk, occupational risk, oil and gas, WHO CRC South-East, Author(s): Freade Akbar (corresponding author) [1]; Agus Sugiharto [1]; Marsen Isbayu Putra [1]; Aria Kekalih [1]; Dewi S. Soemarko [1]; Isman Firdaus [2] INTRODUCTION Oil and gas companies are multinational [...]

Since early years, humans are migrating to ensure their survival or to improve their socio-economic position in society. In Pakistan, internal migration has not been given proper attention in policy making. Consequently, government is facing problems in managing the challenges and opportunities posed by internal migration. The present study attempted to analyse socio-economic factors that play crucial role in a household's decision to migrate internally by using data of Labour Force Survey 2020-21. In the questionnaire of labour force survey, there is a specific section related to migration. The migration is defined as 'households that has moved from one district to another district or to different country', it excludes the migration within district. The logit regression has been used to estimate the model. It has been found that more educated people particularly having professional and technical education tends to migrate. The internal migration increases with age, but after certain level it tends to start declining. It has also concluded that employment in public sector (due to job security or provision of housing facilities) motivate people to internally migrate. People belonging to middle income families are more likely to migrate in comparison to rich or very poor. Study confirms that search of better job opportunities and family compulsions are major factors in internal voluntary migration. However, law and order situations emerge as a significant factor in forced migration. As the internal migration are much higher than international migration so there is need that role of internal migration may be recognised in reducing poverty, employment and socio-economic development. Unfortunately, there exists lack of policy on internal labour flows. Most the labour force is not even registered at migration destinations. It is very crucial to calculate value of domestic remittances. It will be helpful in devising the policy to improve the status of internal migrants by providing them targeted technical and vocational education training so that they can get better job opportunities in destination places. JEL Classifications: R23, I23, E24 Keywords: Internal Migration, Education, Employment, INTRODUCTION Since early years of human settlement, they have been migrating in search of food, shelter, to escape impacts of changing climate and due to overpopulation in a particular area. [...]

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront complex inter-relations between human mobility and worldwide public health concerns. Throughout history, migrant communities have been identified as the scapegoats for the cross-border transmission and spreading of infectious diseases. A different rhetoric emerged during the recent Covid-19 crisis in Quebec and Canada: that of the migrant worker as 'guardian angel.' Expressed through this rhetoric was public acknowledgement of the crucial role that migrants played as essential workers during the pandemic, particularly in the health care system. The guardian angels also became the object of significant media attention during the pandemic period, particularly in relation to a special governmental program--known informally as the Guardian Angel program--put into place to regularize the migration statuses of asylum seekers and other precarious status migrants who had contributed to the pandemic effort. Although a seemingly positive expression of recognition and sympathy for their contributions during the crisis, the rhetoric of the guardian angel is not, however, without its tensions and contradictions. Drawing on the concepts of recognition and essential work, this rhetoric is examined in a study of the experiences of migrant Health Care Attendants (HCA) in Quebec health care institutions and public debate surrounding the Guardian Angel program. The results reveal the politics behind the recognition of migrant HCAs as essential workers in the health care system and, more generally still, of all precarious status migrant workers. While the circumstances surrounding Covid-19 produced unequalled and unimaginable working conditions, it also brought to the forefront structural problems already firmly entrenched in the health care system long before the pandemic. More than a pandemic crisis, the situation of migrant HCAs especially reveals a crisis of recognition and an ongoing site of struggle. Keywords: Health Care Attendants (HCAs), migration, pandemic, guardian angels. La pandemie de Covid-19 a mis au premier plan les interrelations complexes entre la mobilite humaine et les preoccupations de sante publique a l'echelle mondiale. Tout au long de l'histoire, les migrants ont ete designes comme les boucs emissaires responsables de la transmission transfrontaliere des maladies infectieuses. Cependant, une autre rhetorique a emerge lors de la recente crise du Covid-19 au Quebec et au Canada : celle des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants.es comme 'anges gardiens.' Cette rhetorique s'est traduite par la reconnaissance publique du role crucial joue par les migrants pendant la pandemie en tant que travailleurs essentiels, surtout dans le systeme de sante. Les anges gardiens ont egalement fait l'objet d'une attention mediatique importante pendant la periode pandemique, notamment en ce qui concerne la mise en place d'un programme gouvernemental special--connu informellement comme le programme des anges gardiens--visant a regulariser le statut des demandeurs d'asile et d'autres migrants a statut precaire qui avaient contribue a l'effort de lutte contre la pandemie. Bien que ce programme devait surtout reconnaitre la contribution des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants.es a l'effort pandemique, la rhetorique de l'ange gardien n'est cependant pas exempte de tensions et de contradictions. S'appuyant sur les concepts de reconnaissance et de travail essentiel, cette rhetorique est examinee dans le cadre d'une etude portant sur les experiences des preposes aux beneficiaires migrants dans les etablissements de soins de sante du Quebec et sur le debat public entourant le programme des anges gardiens. Les resultats revelent les dimensions politiques qui se cachent derriere la reconnaissance des preposes aux beneficiaires migrants en tant que travailleurs essentiels dans le systeme de sante et, plus generalement encore, de l'ensemble des travailleurs et travailleuses migrants.es a statut precaire. Si les circonstances entourant la Covid-19 ont produit des conditions de travail inegalees et inimaginables, elles ont egalement mis en lumiere des problemes structurels ancres dans le systeme de sante bien avant la pandemie. Plus qu'une crise pandemique, la situation des preposes aux beneficiaires migrants revele surtout une crise de reconnaissance et un lieu de lutte permanent. Mots-cles: Preposes aux beneficiaires (PAB), migration, pandemie, anges gardiens., INTRODUCTION The virus did not choose a minority, it affected all categories of people, without exception: rich or poor, doctors or nurses, unemployed or active, presidents or ministers, and it [...]

Along with territorial issues and cultural issues, the principle of self-determination is profoundly influential in the relations between states and between states and Fourth World ('indigenous') peoples. Stated simply, the [...]

Since early years, humans are migrating to ensure their survival or to improve their socio-economic position in society. In Pakistan, internal migration has not been given proper attention in policy making. Consequently, government is facing problems in managing the challenges and opportunities posed by internal migration. The present study attempted to analyse socio-economic factors that play crucial role in a household's decision to migrate internally by using data of Labour Force Survey 2020-21. In the questionnaire of labour force survey, there is a specific section related to migration. The migration is defined as 'households that has moved from one district to another district or to different country', it excludes the migration within district. The logit regression has been used to estimate the model. It has been found that more educated people particularly having professional and technical education tends to migrate. The internal migration increases with age, but after certain level it tends to start declining. It has also concluded that employment in public sector (due to job security or provision of housing facilities) motivate people to internally migrate. People belonging to middle income families are more likely to migrate in comparison to rich or very poor. Study confirms that search of better job opportunities and family compulsions are major factors in internal voluntary migration. However, law and order situations emerge as a significant factor in forced migration. As the internal migration are much higher than international migration so there is need that role of internal migration may be recognised in reducing poverty, employment and socio-economic development. Unfortunately, there exists lack of policy on internal labour flows. Most the labour force is not even registered at migration destinations. It is very crucial to calculate value of domestic remittances. It will be helpful in devising the policy to improve the status of internal migrants by providing them targeted technical and vocational education training so that they can get better job opportunities in destination places. JEL Classifications: R23, I23, E24 Keywords: Internal Migration, Education, Employment, INTRODUCTION Since early years of human settlement, they have been migrating in search of food, shelter, to escape impacts of changing climate and due to overpopulation in a particular area. [...]

The study examines the existential challenges of the University of Nigeria Nsukka academic staff (university faculty members of various ranks [1]) during and in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic-induced lockdown. The objective of the study is to examine these professors' adaptive ingenuity for survival in the face of lockdown, withheld salaries, and other consequences of legalistic pursuit of collective bargaining between the government and the Academic Staff Union of Universities. A mixed-methods approach, combining interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and documentary evidence, was adopted for data gathering. The collective bargaining theory was helpful in highlighting where both parties erred in the course of interpreting their bargaining rights. Our findings show that, left with no alternative of navigating between the twin challenges of lockdown and withheld salaries, the academic staff resorted to self-help financial collectivization. Again, we found that the Nigerian government's style of legalistic pursuit of collective bargaining is not just power-centric, but a demonstration of power asymmetry. This does not offer a sustainable resolution to the labour conflict, as it poses a serious threat to the universal right-of-workers-to-strike and to manpower development. The study recommends that the principles of horizontal bargaining, cooperation, and complementarity should form the rallying point of government-labour relations at all times., Author(s): Celestine Uchechukwu Udeogu [sup.1], Emmanuel Johnson Ibuot [sup.2], Michael Nwokedi [sup.1], Chigozie Ifekwe Okonkwo [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) https://ror.org/01sn1yx84, grid.10757.34, 0000 0001 2108 8257, Department of Political Science, University [...]

Repon Chowdhury has a particular perspective on occupational exposure to the sun. Chairperson of Labour at Informal Economy--a Bangladeshi, membership-based nongovernmental organization that represents street vendors, waste pickers, agricultural workers [...]

This study examines the effect of regulatory outreach actions on modern slavery statements by the United Kingdom. More than 30,000 policy entries in the United Kingdom Modern Slavery Compliance Registry from 2020 to 2022 were reviewed using analysis of variance and multiple regression to determine predictors of policy statement robustness. The results reveal that policies have become more robust following regulatory efforts. Private conglomerate groups, which can include multinational corporations, are the largest publishers to the registry. However, the role of the chief executive officer as the authority approving the statements has diminished in impact, while company turnover has emerged as a more reliable predictor of impact. Furthermore, the presence of International Labour Organization indicators in the policy statement shows that concern for child-related issues can vary depending on the geographical focus of risk, but that it does not predict a focus on women. The steady improvement in the robustness of modern slavery policies signals some progress following regulator outreach. Keywords: forced labour, modern slavery, regulation, sustainable development goals, UK, JEL classification codes: F2, F23, J8, K2 1. Introduction The International Labour Organization (ILO) estimated that 27.6 million people were living in modern slavery in 2021, despite criminalization of the [...]

This paper studies the impact of COVID-19 on different demographic groups in the Thai labour market using the Labour Force Surveys conducted in 2018 and 2019. We construct a new set of COVID-19 impact indicators capturing both the degree of risk in industries and the degree of occupational flexibility in the Thai context. The results show that the effect of COVID-19 is highly divergent across demographic groups, which may further worsen the pre-existing inequality in the Thai labour market, given the composition of industrial sectors and occupations. The results also indicate that education attainments and income levels play a significant role in protecting individuals, suggesting the key contribution of human capital. In addition, marriage affects men and women workers differently during the crisis, with married women appearing to suffer more. Finally, this study highlights the need for targeted government support to vulnerable groups, including workers with low education, informal sector workers, private employees, older women and the young, who are more likely to be affected by COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19, labour market, demographics, Thailand, 1. Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented worldwide economic recession. With lockdowns and social distancing, labour markets have been hit severely and many people are suffering from the [...]

Through sustainable development goals 3 and 8 and other policies, countries have committed to protect and promote workers' health by reducing the work-related burden of disease. To monitor progress on these commitments, indicators that capture the work-related burden of disease should be available for monitoring workers' health and sustainable development. The World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization estimate that only 363 283 (19%) of 1 879 890 work-related deaths globally in 2016 were due to injuries, whereas 1 516 607 (81%) deaths were due to diseases. Most monitoring systems focusing on workers' health or sustainable development, such as the global indicator framework for the sustainable development goals, include an indicator on the burden of occupational injuries. Few such systems, however, have an indicator on the burden of work-related diseases. To address this gap, we present a new global indicator: mortality rate from diseases attributable to selected occupational risk factors, by disease, risk factor, sex and age group. We outline the policy rationale of the indicator, describe its data sources and methods of calculation, and report and analyse the official indicator for 183 countries. We also provide examples of the use of the indicator in national workers' health monitoring systems and highlight the indicator's strengths and limitations. We conclude that integrating the new indicator into monitoring systems will provide more comprehensive and accurate surveillance of workers' health, and allow harmonization across global, regional and national monitoring systems. Inequalities in workers' health can be analysed and the evidence base can be improved towards more effective policy and systems on workers' health. Par le biais des objectifs de developpement durable 3 et 8 ainsi que d'autres mesures, plusieurs pays se sont engages a proteger et promouvoir la sante des travailleurs en reduisant l'impact des maladies liees au travail. Mais pour evaluer leurs progres en la matiere, il convient de mettre en place des indicateurs estimant l'impact des maladies liees au travail afin de placer le developpement durable et la sante des travailleurs sous surveillance. D'apres l'Organisation mondiale de la Sante et l'Organisation internationale du Travail, seulement 363 283 (19%) des 1 879 890 deces lies au travail dans le monde en 2016 decoulaient de blessures, tandis que 1 516 607 (81%) d'entre eux etaient causes par des maladies. La plupart des systemes de surveillance qui s'interessent a la sante des travailleurs ou au developpement durable, comme le cadre mondial d'indicateurs pour les objectifs de developpement durable, comportent un indicateur relatif a l'impact des accidents de travail. Cependant, rares sont ceux qui possedent un indicateur concernant l'impact des maladies professionnelles. Pour combler cette lacune, nous devoilons un nouvel indicateur mondial: le taux de mortalite du aux maladies attribuables a certains facteurs de risque professionnels classe par maladie, facteur de risque, sexe et categorie d'age. Nous exposons le motif politique de l'indicateur, decrivons l'origine des donnees et les methodes de calcul, et communiquons et analysons l'indicateur officiel pour 183 pays. Nous fournissons egalement des exemples de la facon dont l'indicateur peut etre utilise dans des systemes nationaux de surveillance de la sante des travailleurs et soulignons ses forces et faiblesses. Nous concluons en affirmant que l'integration de ce nouvel indicateur dans les systemes de surveillance offrira un suivi plus complet et precis de la sante des travailleurs et ouvrira la voie a une harmonisation des systemes mondiaux, nationaux et regionaux. Il est possible d'analyser les inegalites en matiere de sante des travailleurs et d'en ameliorer les bases factuelles afin d'etablir des politiques et systemes plus efficaces dans ce domaine. A traves de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenlble 3 y 8 y de otras politicas, los paises se han comprometido a proteger y promover la salud de los trabajadores reduciendo la carga de morbilidad relacionada con el trabajo. Para supervisar los avances en el cumplimiento de estos compromisos, deberia disponerse de indicadores que reflejen la carga de morbilidad relacionada con el trabajo, a fin de controlar la salud de los trabajadores y el desarrollo sostenible. La Organizacion Mundial de la Salud y la Organizacion Internacional del Trabajo estiman que solo 363 283 (19%) de las 1 879 890 muertes relacionadas con el trabajo a nivel mundial en 2016 se debieron a lesiones, mientras que 1 516 607 (81%) muertes se debieron a enfermedades. La mayoria de los sistemas de vigilancia centrados en la salud de los trabajadores o el desarrollo sostenible, como el marco de indicadores mundiales para los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible, incluyen un indicador sobre la carga de las lesiones laborales. No obstante, pocos de estos sistemas cuentan con un indicador sobre la carga de las enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo. Para subsanar esta carencia, presentamos un nuevo indicador mundial: la tasa de mortalidad por enfermedades atribuibles a factores de riesgo laborales seleccionados, por enfermedad, factor de riesgo, sexo y grupo de edad. Describimos la justificacion politica del indicador, describimos sus fuentes de datos y metodos de calculo, e informamos y analizamos el indicador oficial para 183 paises. Tambien proporcionamos ejemplos del uso del indicador en los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia de la salud de los trabajadores y destacamos las ventajas y las limitaciones del indicador. Concluimos que la integracion del nuevo indicador en los sistemas de vigilancia proporcionara una vigilancia mas exhaustiva y precisa de la salud de los trabajadores, y permitira la armonizacion entre los sistemas de vigilancia mundiales, regionales y nacionales. Se podran analizar las desigualdades en la salud de los trabajadores y se podra mejorar la base de evidencias para lograr politicas y sistemas mas eficaces en materia de salud de los trabajadores., Introduction Countries have made policy commitments through the sustainable development goals (SDGs) to ensure health and promote decent work for all. (1) SDG targets 3.9 and 8.8 are to 'substantially [...]

Human trafficking is a problem that has existed throughout time and in every corner of the world. Its causes and solutions are complex and directly tied to the individual dynamics within a region or country. Invariably, the ability to respond to the problem starts with a recognition of the specific socioeconomic and cultural challenges faced by a particular region. The Caribbean presents particular complexities in defining and responding to the problem. Anecdotal reports suggest that the region suffers from significant rates of human trafficking, but little is known about the prevalence and true scope of the crime. Recent efforts to fight trafficking in the region include legislative and policy initiatives. Unfortunately, some of these efforts are flawed insofar as they are based on Western models, with relatively little input from stakeholders in the region. Evidence suggests that these efforts, while admirable, fail because they are not sufficiently nuanced to capture and address the socioeconomic and cultural causes of trafficking in the Caribbean. Surveying the regions human trafficking experts--namely survivors, NGOs focused on trafficking in the Caribbean, scholars, government actors, and policy makers--may be a step toward filling the data gap and developing anti-trafficking solutions that are better suited to the region. Data from a survey gathering regional experts' input on the strengths and weaknesses of different Caribbean countries' responses to human trafficking could empower the Caribbean region to tackle the issues with solutions created by and for Caribbean people. Altering or expanding on existing solutions in ways that address the unique cultural social, economic, and geographic situation of the Caribbean will ultimately be the most effective way to eradicate human trafficking in the region. KEYWORDS: human trafficking; Haiti; Guyana; Jamaica; Caribbean; legal responses to sex trafficking; crime; anti-trafficking legislation; Organization of American States; Caribbean-centered initiatives, INTRODUCTION Anecdotal evidence suggests that human trafficking in the Caribbean is widespread. In Haiti, traffickers buy and sell children found in orphanages. In Guyana, men are forced to toil in [...]

The February 2021 military coup in Myanmar appears to have rendered null the many projections, proposals and prognostications that academics advanced over the preceding decade--the period of 'democratic transition', as it was then optimistically regarded. But perhaps when considered from a post-coup vantage point those earlier analyses, which tell of the tensions and trajectories of the transition-era, can be made to speak to the political knots and contradictions that underlay the coup and that continue to haunt the post-coup moment. So motivated, this article revisits the 2020 volume Unraveling Myanmar's Transition, edited by Pavin Chachavalpongpun, Elliott Prasse-Freeman and Patrick Strefford. The article proposes three overlapping frames for making sense of Myanmar's transition: seeing that period as one of structural adjustment, of an inter-elite pact and of an imperialist project. Keywords: capitalism, coup d etat, democratization, liberalization, Myanmar., Pondering, sometime in 1931, the ironies of post-hoc historical understanding, Walter Benjamin invoked a Hegelian aphorism. 'Only when it is dark', he wrote (1968, p. 9), 'does the owl of [...]