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Purpose This paper aims to help small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to seize the potential of Big Data in their marketing strategies to leverage a competitive advantage in the rising digital marketplace and lead the post-pandemic economic recovery. However, Spanish SMEs have had serious difficulties in working with Big Data. Design/methodology/approach In this study, a roadmap is designed to pave the way for a successful Big Data implementation. Findings SMEs with updated information on how to access the historic funding opportunities might profit to this opportunity. It not only generates financing opportunities for SMEs but also grants continuity to their strategies by offering the most profitable techniques by which they can efficiently analyse data and gain consumer insights, thus overcoming the many problems they face when working with Big Data as well as helping them to monetise their marketing strategies. Originality/value The main advantage of this research is its innovative approach to business strategy as it provides. The value added by this paper lies in its holistic and updated approach to supporting SMEs’ Big Data strategies.

In 2018, the media spotlight fell on several high-profile non-profit organizations (NPOs) in connection with sexual harassment (SH). Since then, a flood of SH cases has severely impacted the image and reputation of the non-profit sector. NPOs have been accused of attempting to cover up SH and, in some cases, of leniency towards the harassers. However, these claims have not been rigorously investigated. In this paper, we study the role and behavior of harassers and argue that they may target organizations operating in the nonprofit sector owing to specific conditions that enable them to avoid detection and punishment. We argue that an environment advantageous to those who perpetrate harassment is created by several exogenous (non-organizational) factors, such as the vulnerability of aid recipients, the lack of legal protection of volunteers, and, in some cases, the cultural tolerance of discrimination against women. From this novel perspective, traditional anti-SH policies that focus on reacting to harassment and supporting the victim are viewed as necessary—but insufficient—approaches to the problem. We therefore propose a series of complementary policies that enable NPOs to adapt their operational environments in order to curb SH. The authors wish to thank PID2020-114460GB-C32 and PID2020-115018RB-C31 for grants funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.

From the perspective of social work, it is important to analyse food insecurity before and during the COVID-19, identify the best practices and how social work can contribute to improving living conditions. Using a meta-analysis, this article reviews how food security is addressed in the literature to better inform social policies from a social work perspective. A search of the literature revealed 217 articles between 2010 and 2021. The descriptors for the search were food security, food aid and social work. The main results are the identification of key aspects to inform social policies and promote sustainable social change worldwide. This work was supported by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (grant number PID2020-115018RB-C31).

This paper studies the monthly expiration effect in the bitcoin markets. The emergence of trading in bitcoin futures in regulated markets is an ideal occasion to test this effect on an asset with singular characteristics. Our results with intraday data show that around the time of maturity there are significant changes in the trading volume, volatility and return of bitcoin, an asset that is traded in many exchanges simultaneously. Therefore, there is a clear expiration effect related to bitcoin futures. The closer to the expiration time (shortly beforehand or afterwards), the more intense these effects are. However, in spite of these general results, the expiration effect is not homogeneous across exchanges and depends on the characteristics of the futures contract in question. Robustness tests are also applied to confirm the results. The increasing participation of institutional investors is consistent with our findings, particularly in relation to the expiration effects of cash-settled futures, as these contracts are more appealing for sophisticated investors who could be interested in arbitrage or speculative processes. Grant PID2019-104304GB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 ; Grant RTI2018-093483-B-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI /10.13039/501100011033 https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033 and by ERDF A way of making Europe; Grant S11_20R: Cembe funded by the Government of Aragon and ERDF.

The effect of nutritional labels and claims on consumer behavior is far from being a minor topic given that consumers’ are increasingly interested in healthy eating and products. It is often said that because consumers are susceptible to several factors during the purchase process, such as contextual and product attribute variables, their attitudes toward food labeling are changeable. However, much of the literature on consumers’ attitudes towards food labels has focused on studying the effects of these factors separately, and little is known about their interplay in the presence of food labels. Furthermore, there is a need for more indepth understanding of the emerging contextual factors that shape consumers’ attitudes towards food labels. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to investigate the contextual and product attributes determinants of consumer attitudes towards food labels. To do so, consumers’ attitudes towards food labels were investigated through four empirical studies addressing the factors that influence these attitudes. The first study examines consumers’ personal (e.g., health consciousness and understanding nutritional labels) and product attributes factors (e.g., price and packaging) by analyzing how specifically the COVID-19 risk perception moderates such factors towards the use of nutritional labels and claims. Results show that there is an increase in the use of nutritional labels and claims in both countries during COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, COVID-19 risk perception enhances this health behavior by reducing the importance of product price and packaging. The second study investigates the mediating role of consumers’ attitudes towards health claims in the relationship between consumers’ interest in health claims and their willingness to pay for health claims in extra virgin olive oil. Furthermore, we explore the moderation effect of COVID-19 risk perception in the relationship between consumers’ interest in and attitudes towards health claims. Results confirm the mediating role of consumers’ attitudes towards health claims. Moreover, the relationship between consumers’ interest and their attitudes towards health claims was stronger when COVID-19 risk perception was higher. The third study presents an innovative approach using Twitter data to analyse how Twitter users’ characteristics (followers and followings) and their context (crisis conditions, community healthy eating and exercise habits) determine food safety-related sentiments during health crises. Results reveal that users with a high followings number express fewer positive sentiments, while it is the opposite for users with a high number of followers. COVID-19 cases exacerbate the propensity of communities with healthy eating habits to express fewer positive sentiments. Regarding community exercise habits, users within these communities tend to express fewer positive sentiments; however, this propensity is weakened by epidemic conditions. Finally, the fourth study focuses on the impact of health claims presented to the consumers along with the sensory attributes on their purchasing intentions, and examines to what extent sensory attributes mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. The sensory attributes taste and aftertaste partially mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. Furthermore, consumers rated the sensory attributes higher in the presence of health claims. This thesis contributes to the consumer behavior field by contextualizing the consumers’ attitudes towards food labels and providing valuable insights for understanding the personal, cultural, contextual and product attributes factors triggering consumer behavior toward food labels. Our findings highlight the importance of contextual factors as well as product attributes factors, which have consequences for improving food labels in a way that is compatible with customers' needs and preferences. This research enhances our understanding of how the interplay of different factors affect consumer’s attitudes toward food labels, which has implications for policies aimed at improving consumer welfare as individual that reflects on the wellbeing of the public health. The research reported in this dissertation has been supported financially by the European Union's H2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No 801586, and from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) RTI2018-093791-B-C21 (MCIU, AEI/FEDER, UE Programa de Doctorado en Economía, Empresa y Derecho (RD 99/2011) Ekonomiako, Enpresako eta Zuzenbideko Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

Purpose The CArdiovascular Risk in patients with DIAbetes in Navarra (CARDIANA cohort) cohort was established to assess the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables on the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 1 (T1D) or type 2 (T2D) diabetes, with a special focus on socioeconomic factors, and to validate and develop cardiovascular risk models for these patients. Participants The CARDIANA cohort included all patients with T1D and T2D diabetes registered in the Public Health Service of Navarra with prevalent disease on 1 January 2012. It consisted of 1067 patients with T1D (ages 2–88 years) and 33842 patients with T2D (ages 20–105 years), whose data were retrospectively extracted from the Health and Administrative System Databases. Findings to date The follow-up period for wave 1 was from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2016. During these 5 years, 9 patients (0.8%; 95%CI (0.4% to 1.6%)) in the T1D cohort developed a cardiovascular disease event, whereas for the T2D cohort, 2602 (7.7%; 95%CI (7.4% to 8.0%)) had an event. For the T2D cohort, physical activity was associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events, with adjusted estimated ORs equal to 0.84 (95% CI 0.66 to 1.07) for the partially active group and 0.71 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.91) for the active group, compared with patients in the non-active group. Future plans The CARDIANA cohort is currently being used to assess the effect of sociodemographic risk factors on CV risk at 5 years and to externally validate cardiovascular predictive models. A second wave is being conducted in late 2022 and early 2023, to extend the follow-up other 5 years, from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021. Periodic data extractions are planned every 5 years. This work has received funding from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III through grant PI15/02196 and via the CONCEPT project (grants PI19/00154, PI19/00381). It has also received funding from REDISSEC RD16/0001/0014 and RICAPPS RD21/0016/0016, two Spanish Networks supported by Carlos III Health Institute and the European Regional Development Funding (FEDER).

Digital transformation affects all stages of the agri-food value chain. Digitalisation is being combined with innovations and eco-innovations to gain a competitive advantage and ensure greater sustained competitiveness. However, not all technologies have been implemented in the same way and at the same pace by the different companies in the agri-food sector. The aim of this research is to identify the internal and external drivers of digitalisation in agri-food companies and to develop a synthetic index to rank companies based on those drivers, before examining the relationship between the position in the ranking and innovation. The results reveal that the decisive drivers are management support and competitive pressure rather than external support from government policies or suppliers. Higher ranking companies in terms of the digitalisation process are more proactive in introducing product and radical innovations and are the most eco-innovative and thus sustainability-oriented. Finally, results show that the digitalisation of the sector is marked by the depth of technology implementation, specifically IoT, big data and artificial intelligence. Blockchain technology does not currently make a difference as it is not widely used. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the FEDER Funds (EU) “Una manera de hacer Europa”, through the RTI2018-093791-B-C21 and RTI2018-093791-B-C22 research projects.

A large body of literature has supported the idea that both food-intrinsic sensory attributes (e.g., taste, aroma, etc.) and food-extrinsic attributes (e.g., origin, health claims etc.) play a crucial role in consumers’ purchase intentions. However, it is still uncertain how the presence of health claims in the era of high prevalence of diseases and viruses (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic) might impact sensory attributes, and therefore shape consumers’ purchase intentions. Thus, the aim of the study is to (i) investigate the impact of health claims presented to the consumers along with the sensory attributes on their purchasing intentions, and (ii) examine to what extent sensory attributes mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. For that purpose, sensory analysis of a healthy food product (extra virgin olive oil (EVOO)) was conducted to examine consumers’ interest in health claims in two scenarios: an informed scenario without health claims (n = 102) and an informed scenario with health claims (n = 105). The findings from a Structural Equation Model using STATA software suggest that the presence of health claims positively affects purchase intentions for EVOO. The sensory attributes taste and aftertaste partially mediate the relationship between the presence of health claims and consumers’ purchasing intentions. Furthermore, consumers rated the sensory attributes higher in the presence of health claims. Therefore, the food industry should focus on ways to improve consumers’ sensory and health perspectives by producing not only healthier food products with health claims but also tastier products than the ones available in the market. Moreover, food companies and marketers can make health claims more effective by targeting consumers’ preferences and developing marketing campaigns using claims that are essential for promoting extra-virgin olive oil. This work was supported by the European Union's H2020 research and innovation programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 801586, and from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) RTI2018-093791-B-C21 (MCIU, AEI/FEDER, UE). Open access funding provided by Universidad Pública de Navarra.

This research aims to verify: (1) whether the impacts of the informativeness in seller-created and buyer-created content (product description informativeness/review informativeness) on product sales are complementary or substitutionary. (2) the moderating role of the readability of seller-created and buyercreated content (product description readability/review readability) between the corresponding informativeness (product description informativeness/review informativeness) and product sales. (3) the moderating role of the multimedia richness in seller-created and buyer-created content (product multimedia richness/review multimedia richness) between the corresponding informativeness (product description informativeness/review informativeness) and product sales. (4) the moderating role of valence in buyer-created content (review valence) between the informativeness (review informativeness) in buyer-created content and product sales. To achieve the mentioned goals, we created a conceptual framework combining the dual processing theory (Chaiken and Trope, 1999) and the dual coding theory (Paivio, 1990), through which the hypotheses were proposed. To test the hypotheses in our conceptual framework, we collected data of video game products from Amazon.com using a third-party API service: the Rainforest API. Then, we operationalised the constructs and measured the variables, including creating the lexicons of video game attributes. Finally, we estimated the empirical model using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). This research makes several contributions to the e-commerce literature as well as to practitioners and researchers in this field. On the theoretical side, our empirical findings suggest that review informativeness fully mediates the influence of product description informativeness on product sales, which complements the previous normative model of the interactions between seller-created and buyer-created content (Chen and Xie, 2008). On the practical side, based on the empirical results, we provide concrete guidance for marketers to enhance their strategies on e-commerce platforms. Moreover, as an additional product of the research process, we developed the lexicons of video game attributes, which can help practitioners and researchers to understand and study the attributes of video game products. Spanish Ministry of Education and Science [Project number: PID2019- 108554RB-I00] and the Public University of Navarre. The authors also thank the open access funding provided by the Public University of Navarre.

Recruitment of young talented players is a critical activity for most professional teams in different sports such as football, soccer, basketball, baseball, cycling, etc. In the past, the selection of the most promising players was done just by relying on the experts’ opinion, but without a systematic data support. Nowadays, the existence of large amounts of data and powerful analytical tools have raised the interest in making informed decisions based on data analysis and data-driven methods. Hence, most professional clubs are integrating data scientists to support managers with data-intensive methods and techniques that can identify the best candidates and predict their future evolution. This paper reviews existing work on the use of data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning methods in talent acquisition. A numerical case study, based on real-life data, is also included to illustrate some of the potential applications of business analytics in sport talent acquisition. In addition, research trends, challenges, and open lines are also identified and discussed.

Purpose: this study aims to provide a better understanding of the behaviour of wine consumers in a completely new and unexpected setting, that is, a forced lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It seeks to explain consumer decisions and the probability of changes occurring in wine expenditure compared to a normal situation. Design/methodology/approach: the empirical analysis, conducted on a representative sample of Iberian consumers and based on the random utility theory, consists in the application of a multinomial logit model, setting the 'usual' pattern of expenditure as a baseline category. Findings: the results show that the coronavirus pandemic could have changed alcohol drinking habits. Consumers generally spent less on wine during the lockdown, maybe due to the uncertainty regarding their future income and professional situation. Those people more likely to spend more on wine were those who increased their wine consumption during the lockdown, those who drank for romantic purposes, those who purchased less wine in supermarkets but more online, those who used a wine app and those living in urban areas. The increased consumption of other alcoholic beverages also increases the probability of spending less than usual on wine. Additionally, the absence of certain reasons for drinking wine other than social purposes, such as wine and food pairing, its taste and relaxing effects, together with the previous consumption pattern leads to a decrease in the probability of spending less per bottle. Originality/value: This paper makes a significant contribution to the understanding of the determinants of wine consumption in a very abnormal setting, an imposed lockdown and provides important policy implications. The findings show that managers and policymakers should pay attention to the different influence of variables related to behaviour and consumption patterns that may contribute to an increase in the demand for less expensive wines. Specifically, they should focus on new consumption patterns that may arise, adapting the supply chain and defining appropriate marketing strategies to fill new market segments. Financial support from Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad ECO2017-86054-C3-2-R; CT – Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology - UIDB/SOC/04011/2020 and FEDER – Interreg SUDOE, VINCI – Wine, Innovation and International Competitiveness - SA069G18; and partially funded by the ERDF-Interreg SUDOE Project SOE3/P2/F0917, VINCI (Wine, Innovation and International Competitiveness), the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Spanish Government (project PGC2018-095529-B-I00) and by the Department of Science, Innovation and Universities of the Government of Aragon (Research Group S55_20R).

This paper aims to compare job satisfaction in public and private sectors and the mediating role of several job demands and resources on the relationship between the employment sector and job satisfaction.,Drawing on the job demands-resources model, this study argued that differences in job satisfaction were explained largely by the job characteristics provided in each sector. Data comes from the quality of working life survey, a representative sample of 6,024 Spanish public and private employees.,This study revealed that public employees were more satisfied than private ones. This relationship was partially mediated by job demands and job resources, meaning that the public and private employment sectors provided different working conditions. Public employees, in general, had fewer demands and more job resources than private ones, which resulted in different levels of job satisfaction. Additionally, partial mediation indicated that public employees are more satisfied than private ones, despite accounting for several job demands and job resources.,While the findings of this study highlighted the relative importance of job demands and job resources in affecting job satisfaction of public and private employees, the generalizability of the results to other countries should be limited as the study only used data from a single country.,A significant portion of the positive effect on job satisfaction of public employees is channeled through the lower levels of routine work and lower number of required working hours and through better job resources such as higher salary, more telework, greater prospects at work and more training utility. To improve job satisfaction, it is apparent that managers should pay special attention to things such as routine work, working hours, training and telework.,This paper contributes to the comprehension of how several job demands and resources simultaneously play a mediating role in explaining the relationship between the employment sector and job satisfaction.,Este articulo compara la satisfaccion laboral en los sectores publico y privado y el papel mediador de varias demandas y recursos laborales en la relacion entre el sector laboral y la satisfaccion laboral.,Basandonos en el modelo Demandas del Trabajo-Recursos (JD-R), argumentamos que las diferencias en la satisfaccion laboral se explican en gran medida por las caracteristicas del trabajo que se ofrece en cada sector. Los datos proceden de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida Laboral (ECVT), una muestra representativa de 6.024 empleados publicos y privados espanoles.,El estudio revelo que los empleados publicos estaban mas satisfechos que los privados. Esta relacion estaba parcialmente mediada por las exigencias del trabajo y los recursos laborales, lo que significa que los sectores de empleo publico y privado ofrecian condiciones de trabajo diferentes. Los empleados publicos, en general, tenian menos exigencias y mas recursos laborales que los privados, lo que dio lugar a diferentes niveles de satisfaccion laboral. Ademas, la mediacion parcial indico que los empleados publicos estan mas satisfechos que los privados, a pesar de tener en cuenta varias demandas y recursos laborales.,Si bien los resultados de este estudio ponen de manifiesto la importancia relativa de las exigencias y los recursos del puesto de trabajo a la hora de afectar a la satisfaccion laboral de los empleados publicos y privados, la generalizacion de los resultados a otros paises deberia ser limitada, ya que el estudio solo utilizo datos de un unico pais.,Una parte importante del efecto positivo sobre la satisfaccion laboral de los empleados publicos se canaliza a traves de los niveles mas bajos de trabajo rutinario y el menor numero de horas de trabajo exigidas y a traves de mejores recursos laborales como un salario mas alto, mas teletrabajo, mayores perspectivas en el trabajo y mas utilidad de la formacion. Para mejorar la satisfaccion laboral, es evidente que los directivos deben prestar especial atencion a aspectos como el trabajo rutinario, el horario laboral, la formacion y el teletrabajo.,Este articulo contribuye a la comprension de como varias exigencias y recursos del trabajo desempenan simultaneamente un papel mediador en la explicacion de la relacion entre el sector del empleo y la satisfaccion laboral.,Este artigo compara a satisfacao profissional nos sectores publico e privado e o papel mediador de varias exigencias e recursos de emprego na relacao entre o sector do emprego e a satisfacao profissional.,Com base no modelo Job Demands-Resources (JD-R), defendemos que as diferencas na satisfacao no emprego eram em grande parte explicadas pelas caracteristicas do emprego fornecidas em cada sector. Os dados provem do Inquerito a Qualidade da Vida Profissional (QWLS), uma amostra representativa de 6.024 funcionarios publicos e privados espanhois.,O estudo revelou que os funcionarios publicos estavam mais satisfeitos do que os privados. Esta relacao foi parcialmente mediada por exigencias e recursos de emprego, o que significa que os sectores publico e privado de emprego proporcionavam condicoes de trabalho diferentes. Os funcionarios publicos, em geral, tinham menos exigencias e mais recursos de emprego do que os privados, o que resultou em diferentes niveis de satisfacao no emprego. Alem disso, a mediacao parcial indicou que os funcionarios publicos estao mais satisfeitos do que os privados, apesar de contabilizarem varias exigencias de emprego e recursos laborais.,Embora os resultados deste estudo tenham salientado a importância relativa das exigencias e dos recursos do emprego para a satisfacao dos trabalhadores publicos e privados, a generalizacao dos resultados para outros paises deve ser limitada, uma vez que o estudo apenas utilizou dados de um unico pais.,Uma parte significativa do efeito positivo na satisfacao profissional dos funcionarios publicos e canalizada atraves dos niveis mais baixos de trabalho de rotina e do menor numero de horas de trabalho necessarias e atraves de melhores recursos laborais, tais como salarios mais elevados, mais teletrabalho, maiores perspectivas no trabalho, e mais utilidade na formacao. Para melhorar a satisfacao profissional, e evidente que os gestores devem prestar especial atencao a coisas como o trabalho de rotina, horas de trabalho, formacao, e teletrabalho.,Este artigo contribui para a compreensao de como varias exigencias e recursos laborais desempenham simultaneamente um papel de mediacao na explicacao da relacao entre o sector do emprego e a satisfacao profissional.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to provide a systematic review of the current state of research regarding mobile social media use for value creation by firms and customers and an agenda for future research.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a systematic review following three main steps: keyword search, study selection and data extraction. A total of 53 articles were identified using academic databases and manual cross-referencing. By means of a thematic analysis method, the study addresses issues related to theory, methods, context, findings and gaps.FindingsThe study reviews and illustrates 14 value aspects of the mobile social media and value creation literature. The findings indicate that mobile social media are effective tools for firms to create and capture value from customers and for customers to co-create value.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the marketing and social media literature by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates the core components of value creation by firms and customers in the mobile social media context and by proposing an agenda for future research.

[EN] The purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between quality management, performance appraisal and pay for performance in a sample of 203 manufacturing plants (including firms that do not apply quality management) in Spain employing at least 20 workers. We make a distinction between collaboration with suppliers, customer focus and the use of quality tools. This consideration of quality management as multidimensional will help to disentangle the complex interrelationships with performance appraisal and pay for performance. Our findings point to a positive association of customer focus, collaboration with suppliers and quality tools with performance appraisal evaluating results and behaviours. Regarding pay for performance, closer collaboration with customers is positively related to individual pay for performance. The use of quality tools is positively related to individual and firm pay for performance. The managerial implications point out that there is still room for improving the effectiveness of quality initiatives by incorporating changes in pay for performance and performance appraisal oriented to the adaptation to the principles of quality management. From the theoretical perspective, our paper underlines the importance of not considering quality management as a unidimensional reality when examining its relationship with other management practices., The first author acknowledges the funding received from the Spanish Ministry of Science (project ECO2017-86305-C4-4-R, AEI/FEDER, UE).

Water is an issue in Spain, where it is generally scarce, and its availability is highly variable in different areas and times, particularly in agriculture, the main water consumer. Water pricing is one of the policy instruments used to control irrigation water use. However, specific contextual studies to provide greater details, understand farmers’ behaviour, and clarify the consequences and effectiveness of water pricing are generally unavailable. Here, we developed and applied a simulation model based on two Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) methods, which makes the model more robust, to better understand and quantify the impact of the north–south territorial gradient on farmers’ decisions concerning agricultural water pricing in the first phase of the Navarra Canal irrigation area in northern Spain. This model couples water use with rainfed and irrigated areas, farmer revenue, and labour. The results show spatial north–south variability in the 50 km of the first phase of the Navarra Canal. In northern and middle regions, when water prices are increased, rainfed crops are chosen to substitute irrigated crops due to abundant rainfall and a lack of the appropriate climate and soil to grow other crops. Meanwhile, southern regions depend mainly on irrigation and are more sensitive to water price increases. These very productive southern regions also show larger gross margins and paid labour values. In every canal region, with an increase of 0.1 EUR/m3 in the water price, economic losses can reach up to 400 EUR/ha. Meanwhile, an increase in water prices over 0 EUR/m3 leads to decreased water use per hectare. The project leading to these results received funding from “la Caixa” and Caja Navarra Foundation, under agreement LCF/PR/PR13/51080004, from Programa Operativo FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 (Ref 1263831-R) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (TED2021-131066B-I00).

La superdiversidad es una característica de las sociedades contemporáneas que afecta a los procesos de cambio social y las políticas sociales. Utilizando métodos de metaanálisis, este artículo revisa el tratamiento de la superdiversidad en la literatura para informar mejor las políticas sociales desde una perspectiva sociológica. Un rastreo de la literatura en inglés y español recopiló 76 artículos con diferentes enfoques metodológicos durante el período 2007-2019. Los descriptores de la búsqueda fueron superdiversidad, diversidad cultural, flujos migratorios, migración global, cambios de población, interacciones sociales, cambio social, complejidad social, cuidados, política social, contextos superdiversos, edad, género y migrantes. Los principales resultados son la identificación de claves para informar las políticas sociales y promover un cambio social sostenible en consonancia con la realidad social actual. Superdiversity is a characteristic of contemporary societies that affects processes of social change and social policies. Using meta-analytical methods, this article reviews how superdiversity is addressed in the literature to better inform social policies from a sociological perspective. A search of the literature in English and Spanish revealed 76 articles using different methodological approaches over the period 2007–2019. The descriptors for the search were superdiversity, cultural diversity, migratory flows, global migration, population change, social interactions, social change, social complexity, social care, social policy, superdiverse contexts, age, gender and migrants/superdiversidad, diversidad cultural, flujos migratorios, migración global, cambio de población, interacciones sociales, cambio social, complejidad social, cuidados, política social, contextos superdiversos, edad, género and migrantes. The main results are the identification of key aspects to inform social policies and promote sustainable social change consonant with the current social reality.

This paper aims to describe a teaching-learning experience based on Project-Based Learning (PBL). This experience is part of an educational innovation project devoted to transforming finance classes in various facets of financial advice. Specifically, the article focuses on the transformation process of a subject that studies financial markets and the assets traded in them. Based on this experience, the classroom becomes a financial consulting firm that advises investors on how to invest their capital. The results show us a remarkable active dedication of the students to the course, improved knowledge and marks. In addition, the development of skills and values such as teamwork, autonomy, solidarity, equality, and professional skills are elements that encourage us to continue along this line.

PurposeThis research addresses how companies develop a process of transformation to a more family responsible behaviour and the role that women play in this process. This paper aims to propose a model in which a female workforce is seen as contributing to the development of the family responsible firm. The model includes two paths for transformation, the supportive work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family using a mediation model. The analysis was performed in a sample of 1,048 Spanish firms.Design/methodology/approachThe hypotheses are tested using Baron and Kenny’s (1986) mediated regression technique, the Sobel’s test (1982) and a bootstrap re-sampling with 5,000 and 10,000 iterations to determine the significance of the mediation.FindingsThe results confirm the impact of the proportion of women in the workforce on organizational culture and managerial strategy, factors that lead to a real increase in the accessibility of work–family policies. The mediation effect is total.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations stemming from the survey used and from the cross-sectional data.Practical implicationsThe role of women, the culture and managers in promoting work–family policies appears clear. The need for the active reinforcement of the supportive work–family culture in companies and managerial strategy, diffusion, planning and involvement are all key factors in the development of work–family policies.Social implicationsGovernments and society as a whole should urge firms to use all means at their disposal to guarantee the formal adoption of work–family policies.Originality/valueResearch that analyses the way in which work–family culture and the managerial strategy for work–family generate change does not usually incorporate the female component of the labour force as an explanatory element.

This paper analyzes the impact of adopting the ISO 14001 standard on firm environmental and economic performance. In particular, it is argued that the degree of environmental awareness of the society (EAS) and firm size are two factors moderating the effect of ISO 14001 on firm performance. A number of hypotheses are formulated and empirically tested on an international sample of 583 listed companies in 46 countries over the period of 2009–2018. The findings show that (i) ISO 14001 adoption contributes to reducing firm carbon emission intensity and increasing firm profitability; (ii) the impact of ISO14001 on profitability is greater for companies from countries with high EAS and for larger firms; and (iii) the impact of ISO 14001 on carbon intensity is greater for headquartered in countries with low EAS. Managerial and policy implications resulting from the widespread adoption of certifiable environmental standards are also discussed. Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain) and the European Regional Development Fund, Grant/Award Numbers: ECO2017‐86054‐C3‐2‐R, ECO2017‐86305‐C4‐4‐R (AEI/FEDER, EU).

PurposeThis article aims to analyze individual-, organizational- and country-level factors that determine the use of home-based telework across Europe according to the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the technology–organization–environment model.Design/methodology/approachTo examine the impact of individual-, organizational- and country-level factors on telework, multilevel models are estimated to prevent problems derived from biased standard errors when micro- and macro-level data are combined.FindingsThe main findings show that, according to the usefulness side of the TAM, employees with family responsibilities, those that live away from their work and highly qualified workers use more home-based telework. Additionally, and according to the ease of use side of the TAM, empowerment in firms facilitates home-based telework. At the country level, lower power distance, individualism and femininity, better telework regulations and technology developments are also facilitators of home-based telework.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data. This prevents the estimation of causal effects. Additional research would benefit from the use of panel data and from a more detailed analysis of the effects of country dimensions.Practical implicationsFrom an applied perspective, politics related to cultural dimensions are suggested to stimulate home-based telework.Originality/valueThe research contributes to previous literature by: (1) considering a large sample to conduct an empirical analysis of the use of home-based telework across Europe, (2) including micro and macro factors, (3) providing a theoretical framework to explain home-based telework, (4) applying a rigorous definition of home-based telework and (5) focusing on employees who are able to adopt home-based telework.

This paper addresses a key issue in the development of youth-focused social work: the role of digital skills in the relationship between young people and social workers who work with these native digital users. To this end, we analysed data from the International Digital Economy and Society Index 2019 and Eurostat. Information from the sixth European Working Conditions Survey and a survey conducted by the Social Care Institute for Excellence and the British Association of Social Workers supported the empirical analysis. The main findings reveal a gap between the level of digital skills required in the labour market and the actual level of digital skills in both young people and social workers, despite efforts by both groups to improve their skills. Initiatives to foster digital skills are therefore recommended to bridge this digital divide. Lastly, it was concluded that both groups could act as mutual drivers of digital transformation.

PurposeDiversity of people, knowledge and resources has been identified as a determinant of firms' growth. This paper focusses on innovation propensity as a critical dimension of firm's growth path, aiming to analyse the effects of the firm's horizontal educational diversity (HED) on the propensity to conduct different technological innovation activities (TIAs). In addition, considering the evidence showing that these effects are neither direct nor linear, the authors analyse the moderating role of the firm's organizational practices oriented to knowledge sharing (KS) on the association between HED and the adoption of TIAs.Design/methodology/approachFollowing the theoretical arguments of the resource-based view (RBV), the evolutionary economics and the dynamic capabilities approach and related empirical evidences, the authors proposed four hypotheses regarding the effect of HED on TIAs and the moderating role of work organization practices oriented to promote KS. Empirically, the authors calculated different HED diversity indexes capturing two basic dimensions: variety and balance. Hence, using instrumental variables and panel data techniques to control endogeneity biases, the authors tested the proposed hypotheses using a data set of Uruguayan manufacturing firms between 2004 and 2015.FindingsIn line with previous evidence, results showed idiosyncratic context effects. The authors found a robust, linear, positive and significant relationship between HED and TIAs, but the effect can only be consistently associated with the adoption of internal or external research and development (R&D) activities. Moreover, the moderating role of work organization practices oriented to promote KS is positive and significant when firms engage in TIAs. For technological innovations that only involve the acquisiton of technology (AT), a positive effect is also observed but always associated to organizational practices oriented to promote KS.Originality/valueThis paper revisits the analysis of workforce diversity for a relatively less explored context. This research contributes to the field by linking HED and work organization practices to understand firm's innovation propensity in a developing context. Moreover, while other studies have focussed only on top management or R&D team diversity, the authors have analysed the whole professional's workforce. It allows the authors to discuss the effects of diversity on innovation propensity in the light of the ongoing debate on the effects of innovation in employment.

Macro-finance asset pricing models provide a rationale for connectedness dynamics between equity and Treasury risk-neutral volatilities. In this paper, we study the total and directional connectedness, in the sense of spillover effects, between risk-neutral volatilities from the equity and Treasury markets. In addition, we analyze the economic and monetary drivers of connectedness dynamics. Most of the time, but especially during bad economic times, we find significant net spillovers from Treasury to equity risk-neutral volatility. The spillover channel between risk-neutral volatilities arises mainly through the government fixed income market. This study was funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PGC2018-095072-B-I00), the Conselleria d'Educació, Investigació, Cultura I Esports (Prometeo/2017/158), the Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación (PID2019-104304-GB-I00), and the Universidad Pública de Navarra (Grant for Young Researchers, 2018).

El debate sobre la desigualdad toma generalmente como punto de partida la distribución de la renta disponible, resultado tanto de la retribución de los factores productivos en el mercado, como de la acción redistributiva de los gobiernos. En el origen, por tanto, emerge la distribución de las rentas primarias, y ahí es donde aparece la empresa en el centro del debate sobre la desigualdad. En la empresa se toman decisiones de retribución de directivos, reparto de beneficios y dividendos, y gestión de los recursos humanos. Además, las decisiones de estrategia corporativa establecen los límites y fronteras de la organización (empleos y rentas que se generan y destruyen). Por tanto, las decisiones empresariales condicionan el nivel inicial de desigualdad sobre el que actúa la redistribución mediante impuestos, transferencias y servicios públicos que realiza el Estado. Entender el gobierno de la empresa es clave para comprender el resultado inicial del reparto de rentas laborales y no laborales que produce la negociación en el seno de la organización.

La interacción entre áreas de conocimiento de distintas disciplinas y contextos culturales facilita el desarrollo de nuevas ideas y proyectos. Por ello, la Universidad Veracruzana inició un curso de formación en el que pone en contacto a profesores universitarios de disciplinas diferentes que desarrollan conjuntamente una propuesta formativa. Este Capítulo describe la experiencia de dos profesoras, una de México y una de España que, a partir del mencionado curso, desarrollaron una iniciativa docente conjunta, válida para estudiantes de diferentes áreas. La tecnología, el conocimiento de idiomas y la superación de barreras culturales fueron factores relevantes en el éxito de esta iniciativa. The interaction between areas of knowledge from different disciplines and cultural contexts facilitates the development of new ideas and projects. For this reason, the Universidad Veracruzana began a training course in which it brings together University Professors from different disciplines who jointly develop a training proposal. This Chapter describes the experience of two professors, one from Mexico and one from Spain, from the course, developed a joint teaching initiative, valid for students from different areas. Technology, knowledge of languages and overcoming cultural barriers were relevant factors in the success of this initiative.

CONTEXT: The agri-food system is undergoing pervasive changes in business models, facilitated by the use of digital technologies. Although today it is almost inevitable for any business to adopt some level of digital transformation to strengthen their competitiveness, this transition in the agri-food sector could be more complex, given its characteristics. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyse worldwide the perceptions of new digital technologies in the agri-food sector expressed within social media platforms, identifying the differences that may exist between them regarding its objectives and social acceptance. METHODS: This paper examines the information regarding digital transformation process in the agri-food sector disseminated worldwide on Twitter. For that purpose, Twitter API is used to gather tweets and descriptive and content analyses, including a sentiment analysis, are performed using R and MAXQDA software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: We found that the digitalization of the agri-food sector is broadly discussed within Twitter. Different actors participate in these information flows, being companies and digital solution providers the most active users and academics and governmental institutions the most visible. Artificial Intelligence was the most mentioned technology, that together with the Internet of Things, Big Data, Machine Learning, and Cloud Computing, was related to improving production efficiencies, crop yield, or cost reduction. In the case of Blockchain Technology, it was closer to food supply chain actors, such as distribution companies and marketers. However, all these technologies are connected to the concept of sustainability. The sentiment analysis showed a generally positive tone, indicating social acceptance regarding the starting phase of the adoption of these technologies. The study also identified differences among countries, pointing to a stronger level of engagement with these technologies in developed regions. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic was seen as a chance to boost the digital transformation in the sector all over the world. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results demonstrate that data harvested from Twitter provide useful insight into perceptions of digital transformation and different digital technologies in the agri-food value chain across different countries. Information that could be useful for researchers, but also for agricultural firms and policymakers. This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and the FEDER Funds (EU) “Una manera de hacer Europa”, through the RTI2018-093791-B-C21 research project.

La COVID-19 ha impulsado el teletrabajo en Europa como alternativa para mantener la actividad productiva y cumplir con las medidas sanitarias y de seguridad que requiere el contexto de pandemia. El teletrabajo implica cambios relevantes en la organización de la empresa, y conlleva un reto para el liderazgo, la estrategia, y la cultura organizativa del tejido productivo. El escenario post-pandemia proporciona una oportunidad histórica para reducir la cultura del presentismo y promover un liderazgo basado en resultados. Este artículo presenta las interacciones entre el trabajo en remoto, la función estratégica, y la dimensión organizativa en tiempos de pandemia.

La creciente digitalización de la sociedad hace necesario analizar hasta qué punto son seguros los sistemas que están detrás de las estructuras que lo permiten

La combinación de redes sociales y tecnología móvil ha revolucionado la forma que los clientes y las empresas crean valor. El objetivo de esta tesis es comprender mejor el papel de las redes sociales móviles y las redes sociales en la creación de valor. La tesis consta de tres artículos. El primer estudio proporciona una revisión de literatura sistemática sobre las redes sociales móviles y la creación de valor, que ilustra cómo las empresas y los clientes aplican las redes sociales móviles para crear y co-crear valor. El segundo artículo se centra en el comportamiento de uso de las redes sociales móviles. Por un lado, el estudio examina los factores determinantes que impulsan a los individuos a utilizar las redes sociales móviles. Por otro lado, el estudio detecta la heterogeneidad no observada entre los usuarios individuales e incluye una microsegmentación internacional basada en patrones de comportamiento de los individuos. El tercer artículo tiene el objetivo de investigar cómo se utiliza la inteligencia competitiva obtenida de los datos de las redes sociales para predecir el compromiso del cliente y apoyar la toma de decisiones. Para cumplir el propósito de la tesis, apliqué diferentes métodos de investigación en los tres artículos. En el primer artículo, recopilé la literatura utilizando bases de datos académicas y las referencias de los artículos localizados. Luego, utilicé el método de análisis temático para extraer las rutas específicas de creación de valor e intercambio entre empresas y clientes. En el segundo artículo, propuse un modelo que integraba el modelo de aceptación de la tecnología, la teoría de la motivación y la teoría de la influencia social para explorar los determinantes del comportamiento de uso de las redes sociales móviles. Recogí los datos mediante encuestas en China y Estados Unidos. Para el análisis de datos, en primer lugar, apliqué Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) para estimar las correlaciones entre las variables. Luego, apliqué el algoritmo REBUS-PLS para detectar la heterogeneidad no observada y realizar la segmentación post hoc. En cuanto al tercer artículo, amplié los marcos de inteligencia competitiva de las redes sociales existentes al integrar la influencia del entorno externo y proponer una nueva fase que predice el compromiso del cliente. Realicé un estudio de casos para ilustrar cómo implementar el marco. Recogí tweets generados por las principales marcas de hostelería estadounidenses utilizando el Application Programming Interface (API) antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. En la primera fase, utilicé el Amazon Comprehend y el Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) para analizar los sentimientos y los temas detrás de los datos textuales no estructurados. En la segunda fase, entrené los clasificadores utilizando seis algoritmos de aprendizaje automático para predecir los comportamientos de compromiso del cliente en las redes sociales. Los hallazgos de los tres artículos revelan que los dispositivos móviles y las redes sociales son herramientas efectivas de creación de valores en el marketing moderno. Las empresas que realizan negocios a través de las redes sociales móviles pueden aplicar la tecnología digital para crear valor para los clientes. También pueden capturar valor de los clientes a cambio. Además, los clientes co-crean valor para las empresas. El comportamiento de uso de las redes sociales móviles es una premisa en la creación de valor. Específicamente, la actitud de los individuos hacia las aplicaciones es un factor clave que une los factores motivacionales y sociales y el comportamiento de uso real. Al mismo tiempo, los usuarios de redes sociales móviles globales no son homogéneos. Pueden segmentarse en diferentes grupos que son significativamente diferentes en términos de sus patrones de comportamiento, valores culturales y característicasdemográficas. Además, las empresas también pueden hacer uso de la inteligencia competitiva extraída de los datos de las redes sociales para predecir los comportamientos de compromiso del cliente y apoyar la toma de decisiones en diferentes entornos. Los resultados muestran que el sentimiento neutral predomina en el contenido generado por la empresa, y el número de temas aumenta en la situación de pandemia. Además, la influencia de los predictores en el compromiso del cliente es diferente antes y durante la pandemia. Esta tesis realiza varias contribuciones a la literatura sobre redes sociales. En primer lugar, tras resumir los conocimientos actuales sobre las redes sociales móviles, la tesis proporciona un marco conceptual sobre la creación de valor en las redes sociales móviles y presenta una lista de las pautas de investigación futuras. En segundo lugar, la tesis profundiza nuestra comprensión del comportamiento de uso de las redes sociales móviles a nivel individual al demostrar que la teoría de la motivación tiene más poder explicativo que la teoría de la influencia social. Aparte de esto, al detectar la heterogeneidad no observada en los usuarios de redes sociales móviles, la tesis destaca la importancia de incorporar la microsegmentación internacional en la estrategia de marketing. En tercer lugar, la tesis también destaca el papel de las empresas y de los datos de las redes sociales en la creación de valor. Al proponer un marco refinado de inteligencia competitiva en redes sociales, la tesis demuestra que la inteligencia competitiva obtenida de los datos de las redes sociales potencia la predicción del compromiso del cliente y el apoyo a la toma de decisiones, especialmente en tiempos de alta incertidumbre en el entorno. The combination of social media and mobile technology has revolutionized the ways customers and firms create value. The purpose of this thesis is to better understand the role of mobile social media and social media in value creation. The thesis comprises three chapters. The first chapter provides a systematic literature review about mobile social media and value creation to illustrate how firms and customers apply mobile social media to create and co-create value. The second chapter focuses on individuals’ mobile social media use behavior. The study firstly examines the determinants that drive individuals to use mobile social media. Furthermore, the study detects unobserved heterogeneity among individual users and includes an international microsegmentation based on individuals’ behavioral patterns. The third chapter aims to investigate how the gained competitive intelligence from social media data can be used to predict customer engagement and support decisions. To achieve the purpose of the thesis, I applied different research methods in the three chapters. In the first chapter, the literature was collected using academic databases and manual cross-referencing. Then, the thematic analysis method was used to extract the specific value creation and exchange paths between firms and customers. In the second chapter, I proposed a model that integrated the technology acceptance model, motivation theory, and social influence theory to explore the determinants of individuals’ mobile social media use behavior. The data was collected using the survey method in China and the United States. For the data analysis, I firstly applied Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to estimate the correlations amongst variables. Then, I applied the REBUS-PLS algorithm to detect the unobserved heterogeneity and conduct the post hoc segmentation. As for the third chapter, I extended the existing social media competitive intelligence frameworks by integrating the influence of the external environment and the phase to predict customer engagement. I conducted a case study to illustrate how to implement the framework. I collected tweets generated by the leading American catering brands using Application Programming Interface (API) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the first phase, I used Amazon comprehend and Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) to analyze sentiments and topics behind the unstructured text data. In the second phase, I trained the classifiers using six machine learning algorithms to predict customer engagement behaviors in social media. The findings of the three chapters reveal that mobile and social media are effective value creation tools in modern marketing. Firms that conduct business through mobile social media can apply digital technology to create value for customers. They can also capture value from customers in return. Besides, customers co-create value for firms. Mobile social media use behavior is a premise in value creation. Specifically, individuals’ attitude towards the applications is a key factor that bridges the motivational and social factors and actual use behavior. At the same time, global mobile social media users are not homogeneous. They can be segmented into different groups which are significantly different in terms of their behavioral patterns, cultural values, and demographic characteristics. Apart from that, firms can also make use of competitive intelligence extracted from social media data to predict customer engagement behaviors and support decisions under different environments. The results show that the neutral sentiment predominates in the firm-generated content, and the number of topics raises in the pandemic situation. Moreover, the influence of the predictors on customer engagement is different before and during the pandemic. This thesis makes several contributions to the social media literature. First, after summarizing current knowledge on mobile social media, the thesis provides a conceptual framework on value creation in mobile social media and presents a list of future research guidelines. Second, the thesis deepens our understanding of mobile social media use behavior at the individual level by demonstrating that motivation theory has more explanatory power than social influence theory. In addition, by detecting the unobserved heterogeneity in mobile social media users, the thesis highlights the importance of incorporating international microsegmentation in marketing strategy. Third, the thesis also highlights the roles of social media data and firms in value creation. By proposing a refined social media competitive intelligence framework, the thesis demonstrates that competitive intelligence gained from social media data empowers customer engagement prediction and decision support, especially during times of high environmental uncertainty. Programa de Doctorado en Economía, Empresa y Derecho (RD 99/2011) Ekonomiako, Enpresako eta Zuzenbideko Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

Purpose This study aims to analyse the role of persistence in the assessments carried out by sustainability agencies in the interaction between sustainability committee characteristics, sustainability strategies and performance. Design/methodology/approach The authors accessed a sample of European sustainable multinational and transnational companies (EMNs) for the period 2008–2017 from RobecoSAM universe. Using a set of simultaneous equation models, the authors test the effect of the sustainability committee on sustainability performance considering the sustainability strategy as a mediating element. Moreover, the authors analysed if the persistent assessment of sustainability agencies conditions the previous interaction. Findings Persistence of the sustainability assessment performed by an external agency is necessary to support the sustainability strategy and the sustainability committee, legitimating an organization in its institutional context. Practical implications This study provides practitioners with relevant insights into the identification of the sustainability strategy followed by an EMN and the effects associated with it can be useful for social and economic agents in decision-making processes. Social implications A persistent assessment could be a signal over time of the evolution of organizations, reinforcing the monitoring mechanisms. It is a stimulus to EMNs as they obtain both an indicator of their levels of performance and public recognition. Originality/value The lack of similarity in the levels of sustainable performance observed among companies can be explained by the persistence, which is an omitted variable in previous studies.

La industria de los videojuegos está creciendo rápidamente. Aunque la investigación académica sobre videojuegos también ha crecido, los investigadores de marketing aún prestan mucha menos atención a este campo que otras industrias del entretenimiento. En esta tesis, se introduce un marco conceptual para delinear los principales actores en el entorno de los videojuegos: la plataforma de videojuegos, el contenido de videojuegos y el jugador de videojuegos. A través de la revisión de la literatura, se han identificado varias brechas de investigación en las siguientes áreas: el comportamiento de cambio de plataformas tradicionales a las móviles, el comportamiento de compra dentro del juego y la experiencia de flow1 de los jugadores. Esta tesis contiene tres estudios, cada uno de ellos sirve para resolver las brechas de investigación identificadas en sus correspondientes campos de investigación. El primer estudio analiza cuáles son los determinantes que llevaron a los jugadores de videojuegos a cambiar desde los juegos tradicionales hasta los juegos móviles. El segundo estudio explora por qué y cómo los jugadores de videojuegos compraron diferentes tipos de bienes dentro del juego. En el tercer estudio, se conceptualiza la experiencia de flow en el contexto de los videojuegos y se desarrolla una escala de flow disposicional para los jugadores de videojuegos adultos. The video game industry is growing fast. Although academic research on video games has also grown, marketing researchers still devote far less attention to this field than other entertainment industries. In this thesis, a conceptual framework is introduced to outline the main actors in the video game environment: video game platform, video game content, and video game player. Through reviewing the literature, several research gaps have been identified in the following areas: video game players’ switching behaviour from traditional consoles to mobile gaming, video game players’ in-game purchase behaviour, and video game players’ flow experience. This thesis contains three studies, each of them fulfils the identified research gaps in the corresponding research field. The first study discusses what are the determinants that drive video game players’ switching behaviour from traditional gaming to mobile gaming. The second study explores why and how video game players purchased different types of in-game goods. In the third study, the flow experience in the video game context is conceptualised, and a dispositional flow scale is developed for adult video game players. Universidad Pública de Navarra Programa de Doctorado en Economía, Empresa y Derecho (RD 99/2011) Ekonomiako, Enpresako eta Zuzenbideko Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

This analysis addressed the potential systemic effects of guarantee requirements by central counterparties. Using data from the Spanish BME and German Eurex central clearing counterparties and controlling for tail risk and monetary and real activity variables, we found a significant, positive, and robust relationship between the guarantees required and the spillover or total connectedness effects among nine financial assets in the Spanish, United States, and German capital markets. Bad economic times also had a significant incremental effect on the relationship between guarantees and connectedness. These findings are robust across central clearing corporations and futures contracts in the IBEX 35, DAX 30, and EURO STOXX 50. In addition, an event study indicated that global spillover effects tend to increase before central counterparty institutions raise their guarantees. The implication of the findings is that European clearing institutions react to rather than cause bad economic times. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities through grant PGC2018-095072-B-I00. In addition, Gonzalo Rubio acknowledges financial support from Generalitat Valencia grant Prometeo/2017/158 and Ana González-Urteaga acknowledges financial support through grant PID2019-104304GBI00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and UPNA Research Grant for Young Researchers, Edition 2018.

Care services pose new challenges and opportunities for the implementation of sustainable HRM practices related to worker involvement and well-being because of their relational nature. The article is framed in terms of the job demands and resources model and discusses the impact of sustainable HRM (SHRM) practices on organizational performance in terms of service quality and organizational innovation in social and care services. A possible mediating role of immaterial satisfaction between SHRM and performance is also considered. We use national survey data including 4134 workers in 310 matched nonprofit social enterprises in Italy. The results show that HRM practices linked to task autonomy, teamwork, and involvement positively influence immaterial satisfaction, while at the same time immaterial satisfaction and HRM features related to involvement and workload support performance. The mediating role of immaterial satisfaction is not confirmed, but its effect adds positively to involvement in improving performance. This work contributes to the literature on organizational performance and HRM sustainability, which are particularly important in the face of ongoing social change and organizational innovation in social and relational service delivery. This research was funded by the CaRiPLo Foundation and by the Italian Ministry for Scientific Research (MIUR).

This paper offers an assessment of tax administration performance and provides evidence of the relationship between fiscal decentralization (and tax structure) and the technical efficiency of tax collection. The initial stage of the investigation consists of a data envelopment analysis (DEA) to obtain technical efficiency estimates for a sample of 28 OECD countries over the period 2004–2017. In a second stage, we explore how technical efficiency is affected by fiscal decentralization and tax structure variables. The results show how the degree of fiscal decentralization has a positive and significant impact on the technical efficiency of tax collection. They also reveal a relevant role of tax structure choices and the ratio of indirect to direct taxes, which can significantly affect tax collection efficiency. Finally, we extract some policy implications. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (AEI/FEDER, European Union), research projects ECO2016-76681-R and the Grant PID2020-114460GB-C32 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033.

El objetivo de este artículo es el de ofrecer un breve análisis de la evolución seguida por la economía española desde el shock externo producido en 2020, mediante el estudio de los sectores institucionales de la economía española que propone la contabilidad nacional. El trabajo se centra en el papel de las empresas, SNF, en el impulso de la recuperación.

La crisis económica ha tenido un efecto asimétrico en las economías españolas a nivel nacional y regional/local. Este estudio analiza las estrategias desarrolladas por las bodegas cooperativas de Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) y su impacto en las medidas de rendimiento. Se ha optado por un estudio exploratorio basado en una compilación de estados financieros, se ha definido como medidas de rendimiento los tradicionales ratios de rentabilidad económico-financiera (ROA, ROI, ROS) y adicionalmente un análisis específico: Rendimiento para el socio cooperativista (ROC). También se han incluido dos ratios financieros: Liquidez y Apalancamiento. El dinamismo comercial es el sello distintivo de las cooperativas vitivinícolas de CLM como acción estratégica ante la crisis, y su resiliencia es patente en la conquista de mercados exteriores a través de bajos costes unitarios, que se han trasladado a los precios de venta. En este trabajo se incluyen las implicaciones para la comprensión de la resiliencia de las bodegas cooperativas durante el período de crisis. La coherencia de los resultados proporciona un contexto para promover el modelo cooperativo, como factor esencial de la economía social. Este documento responde a una necesidad identificada de mostrar el modelo cooperativo como el modelo más resistente en el ámbito agrícola y como dinamizador en el desarrollo rural. The economic crisis has had an asymmetric effect on Spanish and regional/local economies. This study aims to analyze the strategies developed by cooperative wineries in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) and their impact on performance measurements. The paper opted for an exploratory study based on a compilation of financial statements consisting of the traditional economic-financial profitability ratios (ROA, ROI, ROS) plus a specific analysis, Return of Owner Cooperative (ROC). We have also used two financial measurements: Liquidity and Leverage. Trade dynamism is the hallmark of wine cooperatives in CLM in terms of strategic action in the face of a crisis. Their resilience is patent in the conquest of foreign markets via low unit costs, which have been transferred to sales prices. The paper has implications for the understanding of the resilience of the agricultural cooperatives during the crisis period in question. The consistency of the results provides a context to promote the cooperative model as an essential factor in the social economy. This paper fulfils an identified need to show the cooperative model as a resilient one in the agricultural field and in the context of rural development. The authors wish to thank the financial support from Spain's Ministry of Education Culture and Sport, project PID2020-114460GB-C32

While the literature emphasizes the importance of knowledge and foreign market knowledge for international performance, it is unclear about the intervening/mediating relationships. From a knowledge-based view and network approach, we posit that previous foreign market entry (FME) knowledge can be used in the selection of international markets and to enhance network capabilities and international performance. We test the relationships between these constructs in a sample of 140 Australian SMEs. We contribute to the international SME literature by explaining important mechanisms through which FME knowledge affects SMEs’ international performance. International market selection and network capability mediate its relationship with international performance. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society of New Zealand Marsden Research Grant (13-UOO-065 ) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PID2019-105198GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 ). Wensong Bai acknowledges financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (72032008；71772165), and the Major Research Project of Philosophy & Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, P.R.China（17JZD018).

As a result of the rapid and unplanned adoption of telework by European companies during the pandemic, specific telework characteristics have arisen. Thus, employees’ experience of telework requires further analysis. Based on the “Living, Working, and COVID-19” results for Baltic countries, this paper studies the effect of telework experience on wellbeing, both directly and mediated by Work-Life balance and job satisfaction, through structural equation modelling. After verifying the significant differences in telework preferences, the model is also tested in high versus low telework preference groups. The main findings corroborate the effect of a positive telework experience on perceived wellbeing, but only indirectly via Work-Life balance. Additionally, data from the group with a high telework preference best fits the proposed model, revealing not only the mentioned indirect effect, but also the direct positive effect of telework experience on wellbeing. Thus, employees with a negative experience of telework during the pandemic will be more reluctant to accept telework over more traditional work arrangements. The implications as well as some limitations to be examined in further studies are also presented.

La crisis económica ha tenido un efecto asimétrico en las economías españolas a nivel nacional y regional/local. Este estudio analiza las estrategias desarrolladas por las bodegas cooperativas de Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) y su impacto en las medidas de rendimiento. Se ha optado por un estudio exploratorio basado en una compilación de estados financieros, se ha definido como medidas de rendimiento los tradicionales ratios de rentabilidad económico-financiera (ROA, ROI, ROS) y adicionalmente un análisis específico: Rendimiento para el socio cooperativista (ROC). También se han incluido dos ratios financieros: Liquidez y Apalancamiento. El dinamismo comercial es el sello distintivo de las cooperativas vitivinícolas de CLM como acción estratégica ante la crisis, y su resiliencia es patente en la conquista de mercados exteriores a través de bajos costes unitarios, que se han trasladado a los precios de venta. En este trabajo se incluyen las implicaciones para la comprensión de la resiliencia de las bodegas cooperativas durante el período de crisis. La coherencia de los resultados proporciona un contexto para promover el modelo cooperativo, como factor esencial de la economía social. Este documento responde a una necesidad identificada de mostrar el modelo cooperativo como el modelo más resistente en el ámbito agrícola y como dinamizador en el desarrollo rural. The economic crisis has had an asymmetric effect on Spanish and regional/local economies. This study aims to analyze the strategies developed by cooperative wineries in Castilla-La Mancha (CLM) and their impact on performance measurements. The paper opted for an exploratory study based on a compilation of financial statements consisting of the traditional economic-financial profitability ratios (ROA, ROI, ROS) plus a specific analysis, Return of Owner Cooperative (ROC). We have also used two financial measurements: Liquidity and Leverage. Trade dynamism is the hallmark of wine cooperatives in CLM in terms of strategic action in the face of a crisis. Their resilience is patent in the conquest of foreign markets via low unit costs, which have been transferred to sales prices. The paper has implications for the understanding of the resilience of the agricultural cooperatives during the crisis period in question. The consistency of the results provides a context to promote the cooperative model as an essential factor in the social economy. This paper fulfils an identified need to show the cooperative model as a resilient one in the agricultural field and in the context of rural development. The authors wish to thank the financial support from Spain's Ministry of Education Culture and Sport, project PID2020-114460GB-C32

Theoretical debate suggests at least three strategies for firms to provide training to employees in the same job position: individualized and egalitarian with or without adaptation to the abilities of the recruited employees. The article provides a formal framework for deriving distinctive empirical implications regarding the relationship of these strategies with the firms' selection policies, which are tested using a dataset of blue-collar workers in Spanish industrial plants. The evidence is consistent with the empirical implications of the egalitarian strategy with adaptation. This strategy entails providing the same level of training to all workers in the same job position and setting this level according to the average ability of recruited workers. Paradoxically, this strategy has not been used to interpret the results of the existing empirical literature. Financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (R&D project: ECO 2017-86305-C4-2-R) is gratefully acknowledged.

La situación de emergencia sanitaria provocada por la COVID-19 ha reabierto con especial vigor el debate sobre el impacto del teletrabajo en las condiciones de trabajo, así como en las posibilidades que ofrece para la conciliación. Dado el alto nivel de implantación del teletrabajo entre mujeres, se hace necesario reflexionar sobre el impacto que el uso de esta modalidad de trabajo productivo pueda tener sobre ellas y sobre otros aspectos de la vida cotidiana. La extensión del trabajo a distancia lleva implícita una amenaza para las mujeres en la medida en que el teletrabajo puede impactar de forma especialmente negativa en el desempeño laboral de las mujeres y, a su vez, esto pondría en riesgo los avances conseguidos durante las últimas décadas en materia de igualdad de género. Se hace necesaria la regulación del trabajo a distancia para evitar convertir el teletrabajo en una trampa que haga recaer, aún más, sobre las mujeres, el peso de la conciliación. The health emergency caused by COVID-19 has reopened, with particular vigour, the debate surrounding the impact of teleworking on working conditions, as well as on the possibilities it offers for conciliation. Given the high level of telework among women, it is necessary to reflect on the impact that the use of this mode of productive work may have on them and on other aspects of daily life. The extent of teleworking implies a threat to women in the sense that teleworking can have a particularly negative impact on women’s work, and this, in turn, would put at risk the progress made during the last few years in the area of gender equality. The regulation of telework is necessary to prevent it from turning into a trap that places the burden of conciliation on women.

El motivo de este artículo es profundizar en las posibilidades que el neuromarketing brinda en el campo de la investigación, y también sobre los retos que plantea.

This study sheds light on the relationship between agglomeration, entrepreneurs' internal resources and capabilities, and new ventures' innovativeness using a multilevel framework. We argue that the urban agglomeration of economic agents within a country has an inverted U-shaped relationship with new ventures' innovativeness, suggesting that both insufficient and excessive agglomeration might be detrimental to entrepreneurial innovativeness. Additionally, we perform interactions between individual level factors and urban agglomeration to examine the differential effects of entrepreneurs' internal resources and capabilities. Results confirm our hypothesising that the geographical concentration of economic agents within a country exerts an inverted Ushaped influence on new ventures' innovativeness. Furthermore, we find that entrepreneurs with higher levels of education or prior entrepreneurial experience are better equipped to benefit from agglomeration and to mitigate its negative effects; in contrast, at low levels of agglomeration, entrepreneurs with lower resources exhibit increasing marginal returns. Entrepreneurs in contact with other entrepreneurs are better positioned to deal with agglomeration externalities although their benefits and drawbacks are intensified. Our research contributes to the understanding of agglomeration externalities and entrepreneurial innovativeness, its non-linear dynamics and differential effects. Project RTI2018-093791-B-C21 (MCIU, AEI/FEDER, UE). The authors acknowledge the financial support from Project RTI2018-093791-B-C21 (MCIU, AEI/FEDER, UE).

Esta tesis doctoral estudia varios aspectos relacionados con un tipo concreto de boca a boca electrónico (en inglés electronic Word-of-Mouth o eWOM), que son las reseñas de consumidores. Por un lado, se estudia cómo ciertas características no textuales y textuales de esas reseñas, junto a su visibilidad, influye en varios tipos de comportamiento de consumidor, en concreto en la adopción de información y en el comportamiento de compra. Por otro lado, se estudia el contenido textual de las reseñas y cómo este se puede utilizar tanto para estudiar el posicionamiento y segmentación de marcas, como para estudiar el posicionamiento y asociaciones con productos. Previamente al análisis empírico, se revisa principalmente la literatura sobre procesamiento de información, toma de decisiones e imagen de marca y minería de textos. This doctoral thesis studies various aspects related to a specific type of electronic word of mouth, also referred to as eWOM, which are online consumer reviews. On the one hand, this thesis studies how certain non-textual and textual characteristics of online reviews, together with the visibility of those reviews, influence various types of consumer behaviour, specifically the adoption of information and the purchasing behaviour. On the other hand, this research studies the textual content of online reviews to study the brand positioning and brand segmentation, and to analyse the positioning and associations with products. Prior to the empirical analysis, the literature on information processing, decision-making literature, branding and text mining are mainly reviewed. Programa de Doctorado en Economía, Empresa y Derecho (RD 99/2011) Ekonomiako, Enpresako eta Zuzenbideko Doktoretza Programa (ED 99/2011)

This report describes a teaching experience with undergraduates to approach, in a simple and practical way, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) – general-purpose technologies that are highly demanded in any industry today. The article shows how business undergraduates with no prior experience in coding can use AI and ML to solve business-related problems, particularly human resource management (HRM) problems. AI and ML are powerful technologies that can improve the analytical skills and employability of those who understand them.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015 provides a catalogue of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). In this context, Circular fashion stands out as one of the sectors where commitment to the SDGs is most needed, given its global nature and its significant growth in terms of consumption. Moreover, it is not possible to assert that society, in general, is aware of the importance of the principles that guide circularity, both in terms of awareness and attitudes. In this study, through cluster analysis, five different segments have been identified with divergent characteristics in terms of level of maturity regarding principles of circular fashion and/or benefits and/or enablers of related communication tools. Social and personal characteristics make it possible to contrast the differences in consumer behavior, as well as relevant aspects, such as willingness to pay more for circular fashion. The present study will help to fill the gap in research between the awareness and attitudes of consumers in circular fashion and propose different strategies for the industry and institutions to develop the concept of sustainability regarding circular fashion.

Objetivo – El artículo analiza cómo la orientación emprendedora y el control familiar de la empresa influyen en el desempeño de las empresas con bajo rendimiento y cómo contribuyen a su recuperación económica. Diseño/metodología/enfoque – Testamos nuestras hipótesis utilizando una muestra única y representativa de 1,500 pequeñas empresas españolas en industrias de fabricación y servicios de alta y media tecnología. Dada la naturaleza de nuestra variable dependiente, estimamos una serie de modelos de regresión para probar nuestras hipótesis. Además, consideramos dos términos de interacción donde la variable de las empresas de bajo rendimiento interactúa con las empresas familiares y la orientación emprendedora. Hallazgos – Los resultados de nuestros análisis muestran que las empresas con mayor orientación emprendedora y cuya propiedad sea familiar aumentan, por separado, el rendimiento posterior de las empresas, especialmente para las de bajo rendimiento. Originalidad/valor – El estudio contribuye a expandir la literatura sobre las empresas con bajo rendimiento al analizar cómo los factores estratégicos y estructurales impactan en el desempeño de las empresas que enfrentan una recesión económica. También brinda orientación a los profesionales sobre la decisión y los contextos que mejor sirven para la recuperación económica de las empresas con bajo rendimiento. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyse how entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the family control of the company influence the performance of underachieving firms and how they contribute to economic recovery. Design/methodology/approach: The authors test the authors’ predictions on a unique and representative sample of 1,500 Spanish small firms in high and medium technology manufacturing and service industries. Given the nature of the dependent variable, the authors estimate a series of regression models to test the hypotheses. In addition, the authors consider two interaction terms where the underperforming firms’ variable is interacted with family firms and EO. Findings: The results of analyses show that both EO and family ownership separately increase subsequent performance for underachieving firms. Originality/value: The study contributes to expand the literature on underperforming firms analysing how strategic and structural factors affect the performance of firms that face an economic downturn. It also provides some guidance for practitioners on the decision and contexts that better serve the economic recovery of underperforming firms. The authors acknowledge the support from the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry, and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through projects ECO2017-86305-C4-4-R (AEI/FEDER, UE), ECO2017-86054-C3-1-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and ECO2017-86054-C3-2-R (AEI/FEDER, UE).

PurposeThis paper aims to advance the understanding regarding the profiting of collaborative innovation practices, focusing particularly on how the intensity of collaboration along the innovation process and the relatedness between the partners’ technological bases affect the outcomes of such process in terms of efficiency and generation of technological innovations.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the results from causal models and the estimation of average marginal effects, this research analyses the direct and joint effect of technological proximity and intensity of collaboration in the early and late phases of the process.FindingsThe findings suggest that there is a positive unconditional relationship between the aforementioned aspects and innovative performance and that the joint effects diverge depending on the stage of the process, i.e. while in the early phase collaborating intensely with close partners seems to be advisable, this circumstance proves to be problematic in the late phase of the innovation process.Originality/valueThe analysis developed provides clarity regarding relevant aspects of collaborative innovation practices, particularly, the search for and selection of optimal partners. In general terms, the evidence found here suggests seeking for collaborating intensely along the whole process with partners whose technological bases present a tight matchup with that of the focal firm. Results also call for awareness of the potential drawbacks derived from intense collaborations with close partners in the late phases of the process, thus hinting toward the convenience of developing protection mechanisms. In addition, this work provides interesting insights that challenge the notion of “proximity paradox” and set out further questions that might be worth considering for future research.

This paper extends the studies published to date by performing an analysis of the causal relationships between sovereign CDS spreads and the estimated conditional volatility of stock indices. This estimation is performed using a vector autoregressive model (VAR) and dynamically applying the Granger causality test. The conditional volatility of the stock market has been obtained through various univariate GARCH models. This methodology allows us to study the information transmissions, both unidirectional and bidirectional, that occur between CDS spreads and stock volatility between 2004 and 2020. We conclude that CDS spread returns cause (in the Granger sense) conditional stock volatility, mainly in Europe and during the sovereign debt crisis. This transmission dynamic breaks down during the COVID-19 period, where there are high bidirectional relationships between the two markets. The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Fundación Ramón Areces and PGC2018-095072-B-I00. In addition, Laura Ballester acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities and the FEDER project, PGC2018-093645-B-I00, and Ana González-Urteaga acknowledges the financial support from the Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness through grant ECO2016-77631-R (AEI/FEDER.UE), from the Ministry of Science and Innovation through grant PID2019-104304GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, and a UPNA Research Grant for Young Researchers, Edition 2018.

When studying the impact of online reviews on product sales, previous scholars have usually assumed that every review for a product has the same probability of being viewed by consumers. However, decision-making and information processing theories underline that the accessibility of information plays a role in consumer decision-making. We incorporate the notion of review visibility to study the relationship between online reviews and product sales, which is proxied by sales rank information, studying three different cases: (1) When every online review is assumed to have the same probability of being viewed, (2) when we assume that consumers sort online reviews by the most helpful mechanism, and (3) when we assume that consumers sort online reviews by the most recent mechanism. Review non-textual and textual variables are analyzed. The empirical analysis is conducted using a panel of 119 cosmetic products over a period of nine weeks. Using the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) method for dynamic models of panel data, our findings reveal that review variables influence product sales, but the magnitude, and even the direction of the effect, vary amongst visibility cases. Overall, the characteristics of the most helpful reviews have a higher impact on sales.