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We present the description of a new species of Solifugae from the Iberian Peninsula, Gluvia brunnea sp. nov., which has been found so far in southeast Spain. The morphological description is accompanied by molecular and multiple factor analyses, jointly giving full support to the specific status of the taxon. Finally, we discuss the intraspecific variability of both species, G. dorsalis and G. brunnea sp. nov., and the recent history of the genus. We also discuss the usefulness of multiple factor analysis to quantitatively separate species, and also stress that some specimens of this new species were found in Mesovoid Shallow Substratum stations, being the very first time that Solifugae are captured in this type of traps.

The increasing expansion of the invasive Asian alga Rugulopteryx okamurae along the Andalusian coasts is a major challenge to marine biodiversity, and urgent coordinated measures are required for its removal or elimination. Among the different actions, the biotechnological valorisation could be a strategy for the management of alien biomass within the frame of the Blue Economy. This work evaluates the potential of R. okamurae biomass, either raw or processed by biotechnological treatments based on enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation processes, to be used as a dietary ingredient in juvenile seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). These treatments, intended primarily to improve the nutrient availability, might also decrease the content of undesirable and potentially harmful algal metabolites, such as the diterpenoid dilkamural. To this end, a 90-day feeding trial was carried out using four experimental diets containing 5% (w/w) crude or processed R. okamurae biomass. The results obtained revealed that the inclusion in the diet of raw R. okamurae caused adverse effects on fish growth, yielding lower values than those of the control group (p < 0.05), although this detrimental effect was negligible when the algae was processed prior to its inclusion in the experimental feeds. In terms of muscle composition, diets supplemented with the algal biomass induced an increase in protein content, especially in fish fed with pre-treated biomass. Qualitative differences (p < 0.05) were also found in muscle fatty acid profile, with a significant increase in ARA and DHA contents in fish fed on algae-supplemented diets. A significant reduction (p < 0.05)in muscle and liver lipid oxidation was evidenced in fish fed the algae-enriched diets, especially with treated biomass. Finally, 5% R. okamurae raw biomass caused negative effects on gut functionality, although these effects were not observed when the algal biomass was previously processed. In conclusion, the results revealed the potential

We present the description of a new species of Solifugae from the Iberian Peninsula, Gluvia brunnea sp. nov., which has been found so far in southeast Spain. The morphological description is accompanied by molecular and multiple factor analyses, jointly giving full support to the specific status of the taxon. Finally, we discuss the intraspecific variability of both species, G. dorsalis and G. brunnea sp. nov., and the recent history of the genus. We also discuss the usefulness of multiple factor analysis for quantitatively separating species, and we stress that some specimens of this new species were found in Mesovoid Shallow Substratum stations, representing the very first time that Solifugae have been captured in this type of trap.

The purpose of this article is to provide a proposal for an administrative and financial software for community-based tourism centers (CBTC), based on a previous diagnosis carried out in 28 CBTCs in Ecuador. The purpose of this software is to support these centers in a better management of their enterprises by means of an adequate management of their economic and human resources for the whole community benefit, considering the functions of administration: planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. For its design the PHP programming language and the Dream Weaver and Notepad++ programs were used, the software is easy and simple to use, considering the particularities of these community centers. It has 4 sections: Administrative, financial, Inventories and Inventories by consignment, each of these sections has its respective menu where the required information is entered and tracked. The reports generated will be useful for decision making and continuous improvement of these ventures.

Numerous studies evaluating the effects of the incorporation of microalgae in feeds have reported favourable impacts on different physiological aspects of aquacultured fish. Although productivity is the major goal in terms of profitability in fish farming, qualitative aspects are gaining the attention of producers, given the relevance of quality attributes related to organoleptic parameters, proximal composition, and shelf life on the commercial value of fish. Indeed, microalgae are acknowledged for their richness in substances with potential positive effects on all those quality attributes. In this context, this study assesses the effects of finishing diets enriched with the microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana, either crude or enzymatically hydrolysed, on several quality parameters of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fillets. Two inclusion levels (2.5 and 5%) of raw and enzymatically hydrolysed microalgal biomass were incorporated into diets, plus a microalgae-free control diet, and a 42-day feeding trial was carried out on fish of commercial size (approx. 500 g body weight). The influence of the experimental diets on fish biometry, fillet quality parameters, and shelf life was evaluated. The results indicate, overall, that microalgae-enriched diets yielded favourable, dose-dependent effects on several objective quality parameters of fillets, namely, improved fatty acid profile, reduced microbial counts, enhanced lipid oxidative status, and improved textural and skin colour attributes. Although the enzymatic pre-treatment of the microalgal biomass was expected to impact positively its functional effects on all quality parameters, however, no general trend was observed.

This research focuses on the potential for microbial treatment to stabilize compacted soils, which are often utilized in earthwork projects. A silt–clay sand was used to describe a particular kind of soil. The suggested remedy makes use of the soil’s naturally occurring urea and Ca2+, as well as microorganisms introduced to the compaction water. Two alternative initial water-content types were examined: those on the dry side and those close to the ideal Proctor conditions. Bacillaceae microorganisms were used to induce microbial CaCO3 precipitation and improve the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the compacted soil. The samples were biotreated and immediately compacted, so that the precipitation of calcium carbonate during the curing process took place in the contact areas between the particles (biocementation) and in the pore space (bioclogging). A set of techniques were used to study the ageing effects, such as the water-retention curve by dew-points psychrometer, mercury porosimetry intrusion, permeability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, resonant column, and unconfined and tensile-compression tests. During the ageing, it was observed that the bacterial activity consumed water for the hydrolysis of urea and other intermediate reactions to precipitate CaCO3. This process resulted in a retraction of the microstructure and a change in the macrostructure. The bioclogging phenomenon was more evident in the soil microstructure, while the biocementation process was easier to observe in the macrostructure. The suction’s effects on the soil stiffness were studied in detail, and a significant increase was detected. Despite these water-content losses, which caused soil stiffening by increasing the suction, it was still feasible to identify the gradual rise in small-strain stiffness throughout incubation. The unconfined and tensile-compression tests showed a similar progressive increase in terms of peak compressive and peak splitting strength during the incubation. These re

Rocket salad is an important vegetable for the ready-to-eat sector, normally cultivated under greenhouse conditions, either in soil or soilless systems. In the latter case, as well as in the nurseries, its cultivation is usually carried out by using peat as a growing medium—a non-renewable substrate—for which it is urgent to find a replacement. Similarly to peat, compost may be used as a growing medium; however, depending on its origin, the chemical and physical characteristics may not bet suitable for plants’ cultivation. In this study, we propose the use of agro-industrial compost as a substitute for peat for rocket salad cultivation. Plants grown in compost, alone or in combination with the second cut of rocket salad, gave better results in several biometric parameters, without negatively affecting yield and dry weight percentage. As a mechanistic approach to further understand how compost can affect plants’ stress, the qualitative profile of phytochemicals (glucosinolates and (poly)phenols)—recognized markers of biotic and abiotic plant stress—were monitored and exhibited a decreasing trend in plants grown using compost relative to those cultivated with peat. The analysis of vitamin C provided information on the achievement of an enhanced concentration by the compost, especially in the second cut. It can be inferred from the results obtained that the compost used as a growing medium may be used as a peat-free substrate for rocket crop cultivation

The use of microorganisms capable of promoting the growth and development of crops is generating interest at a global level as a sustainable technique in modern agriculture, especially in intensive farming systems, where the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has led to environmental problems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the biofertilizing power of formulations enriched with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) (Azotobacter spp. to fix N and strains of Bacillus spp. to solubilize P and K not bioavailable for plants) to improve the fertility, quality, and productivity of a tomato crop and their potential use as an alternative to conventional fertilizers. Thus, NPK levels in soils, leaves, and fruits were evaluated; various parameters of fruit quality were measured; and an exhaustive analysis of the production and economic yields of the harvest was carried out. The results showed that the periodic supply of biofertilizers based on PGPB increased the harvest yield (20–32%) and favored the development of larger fruit sizes, which are economically more valuable, and the incomes increased even more than production (32–52%). The biofertilizers also demonstrated a positive effect on the solubilization of P and K in the soil, and the levels of P in leaves were also promoted. The capacity to mobilize the nutrients from soil to fruits was clearly favored when PGPB were inoculated periodically, and a reduction of up to 20% in synthetic fertilizers was accomplished (16, 34, and 23% increases for N, P, and K, respectively, against the treatment without PGPB and no fertigation reduction). Finally, the use of PGPB did not show appreciable differences regarding fruit quality parameters

Puupehenone and puupehedione are natural products isolated from marine organisms. These compounds display a broad spectrum of biological activities, the in vitro antitubercular activity of puupehenone being a stand out, and are equipped with an interesting structural complexity. These products have served to stimulate the continual interest of the synthetic community. The first part of this article is a review of their total synthesis, using natural compounds which have the potential to be transformed into these marine compounds as starting materials; the synthetic routes employed to generate the basic skeleton; and the advances made to synthesize the pyran C ring with the required diastereoselectivity to obtain the natural products. Finally, this perspective shows a personal reflection of the authors on a possible unified and efficient retrosynthetic route that could allow easy access to these natural products, as well as their epimers at the C8 carbon and which could be used to address future biological issues in the production of pharmacologically active compounds.

Ambrox is a marine natural compound with a delicious ambergris-type scent widely used in fine perfumery. The increase in the long-term scent and shelf life of perfumes has become a paramount endeavor in the fragrance industry. To the best of our knowledge, the exchange of hydrogen by deuterium to decrease the volatility of the constituents of a perfume has not yet been investigated. In this article, we propose this new use of deuteration to synthesize deuterated ambrox in order to decrease its volatility and improve the long-term scent and extend the shelf-life of perfumes.

Este trabajo focaliza su interés en la lectura y el comportamiento lector del alumnado universitario. Desde una perspectiva pluridimensional de lectura, se ha formulado como objetivos específicos la identificación de los perfiles lectores de los estudiantes de Grado en Educación Infantil y la detección de necesidades en su formación lectora en tanto que mediadores de lectura. Para ello, se ha optado por una metodología mixta que nos permitiera recolectar, analizar y combinar datos cuantitativos y cualitativos en sus diferentes fases de implementación. En el primer estadio de investigación, se ha seleccionado como muestra los 519 sujetos estudiantes de Grado en la Universidad de Almería. La técnica de recogida de datos ha sido el cuestionario, elaborado a partir de las pruebas validadas. En la segunda fase, se ha constituido grupos focales con el fin de enriquecer los datos obtenidos y recopilar descripciones más detalladas del fenómeno lector desde una perspectiva interactiva. Entre los hallazgos, se han identificado los hábitos y comportamientos lectores del alumnado, así como el bajo nivel de desarrollo de su competencia lectora y literaria. De esta forma, se dan pautas para el diseño e implementación de propuestas formativas que palíen estas deficiencias en un sector poblacional clave para instruir y moldear futuros lectores competentes.

En el presente artículo se analiza desde una aproximación cuantitativa la representación de las personas refugiadas en la prensa española. Como metodología se ha utilizado la teoría de encuadre o framing relacionando tanto las noticias como las fotografías representativas de las mismas. Tras un recorrido por el estado de la cuestión de los estudios sobre refugiados y el marco teórico, se hace mención a la metodología utilizada a partir de un formulario en el que se identifican el número de noticias y de fotografías en relación con el periódico y la autoría, la geolocalización, denominación del refugiado, relación género y número de refugiados en las fotografías, análisis formal de las imágenes y, por último, se ha contrastado la temática de la fotografía y de la noticia. En los resultados observamos que en muchas ocasiones no existe una relación equivalente entre lo que se lee y lo que se refleja como imagen del refugiado.

The network of lava tubes is one of the most unexploited natural wonders of the Galapagos Islands. Here, we provide the first morphological, mineralogical, and biogeochemical assessment of speleothems from volcanic caves of the Galapagos to understand their structure, composition, and origin, as well as to identify organic molecules preserved in speleothems. Mineralogical analyses revealed that moonmilk and coralloid speleothems from Bellavista and Royal Palm Caves were composed of calcite, opal-A, and minor amounts of clay minerals. Extracellular polymeric substances, fossilized bacteria, silica microspheres, and cell imprints on siliceous minerals evidenced microbe-mineral interactions and biologically-mediated silica precipitation. Alternating depositional layers between siliceous and carbonate minerals and the detection of biomarkers of surface vegetation and anthropogenic stressors indicated environmental and anthropogenic changes (agriculture, human waste, and cave visits) on these unique underground resources. Stable isotope analysis and Py-GC/MS were key to robustly identify biomarkers, allowing for implementation of future protection policies.

Badlands are landforms that occur all over the World. In the Mediterranean region, badlands are found in both dry (arid and semi‐arid) and wet (subhumid and humid) environments, and are characterized by complex hydro‐geomorphological dynamics, high intense erosion processes and extreme sediment yield. Understanding the impact of Global Change is key to predict the on‐site and off‐site effects on badland dynamics, particularly its consequences on bedrock weathering, on sediment yield and delivery and on plant colonization. Here, conducting a systematic literature review, we analyzed an extensive database and identified the main climate‐drivers affecting the hydro‐geomorphological dynamics in Mediterranean badlands (based on non‐metric multidimensional scaling and structural equation modeling analysis). Later, we examined the main impacts expected from climate change forecasting in the near future, and we explored the interactions between badlands response to climate variation. In Mediterranean badlands, weathering processes are mainly related to wetting–drying cycles and freeze–thaw cycles in dry and wet badlands, respectively. In both environments, rainfall amount appears as the main driver for runoff response, and rainfall amount and rainfall intensity for erosion dynamics. Future climate scenarios forecast a decrease in annual rainfall, number of rainfall events and frost days, and in soil moisture, and an increase in rainfall intensity. These changes will have direct hydro‐geomorphological implications with direct and indirect effects on badland dynamics. This may result in a decrease in annual runoff in dry badlands, but the occurrence of more frequent extreme events would increase soil erosion and could negatively affect biological soil crust. In wet badlands, weathering and erosion processes may decrease, and a stabilization of the slopes, with consequently improved vegetation growth, may be expected. In addition, the forecasted changes must be taken into acco

This study aims to evaluate the effects of technosols made with different organic amendments to restore degraded soils in a semiarid limestone quarry. The effects on soil quality, functionality and organic matter dynamics of the technosols amended with waste of gardening, greenhouse horticultural, stabilized sewage sludge and two mixtures of sludge with both vegetable composts were assessed. Several physical and chemical properties, humus fractions, soil respiration and molecular composition was performed after 6 and 18 months. Un-amended soils, and nearby natural undegraded soils served as reference. Amended technosols increased water retention capacity, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon and nitrogen, respect to not amended and natural soils. Humus fraction composition was not altered over time. Un-amended soils, very poor in organic matter, did not show any pyrolyzable compounds or labile soil organic matter by thermogravimetry. In contrast, the pyrochromatograms of natural soils showed lignocellulosic materials, polypeptides and a noticeable presence of alkylic compounds. In technosols with both types vegetable compost, the organic matter structure was more complex, showing compounds from lignin-derived and long-chain alkyl, polysaccharides, chlorophyll isoprenoids and nitrogen. In sludge technosol, a set of sterols was outstanding. The mixtures showed a molecular fingerprint of materials derived from the decomposition of the organic amendments that formed them. These signs of the contribution of different organic matter forms derived from the amendments were also reported by the series exothermic peaks found in the calorimetry. This short-term study indicates a clear effect of the amendments on the recovery of soil organic matter and presumably of its functionality. After the amendments application, microbial activity and soil respiration rates increased rapidly but ceased 18 months later. The molecular composition of the organic matter of the soils

Solvothermally promoted assembly of the multifunctional 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid ligand with the corresponding Eu salt gives rise to the formation of a porous metal-organic framework with the general formula {[EuL(OH)(HO)] ⋅ 5DMF} (1) that has been tested as heterogeneous catalyst for the cyanosilylation of a broad scope of ketones in solvent-free conditions, using the lowest catalyst loading of 0.5 mol% ever reported, and exhibiting no leak and high recyclability.

Este trabajo estudia, desde un punto de vista financiero, el funcionamiento del sistema de depósitos y de créditos en la cooperativa bancaria ética sueca JAK, calculando cuál es el coste efectivo real de una operación de préstamo. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que el original modelo de esta autodenominada “banca libre de interés” sí supone en realidad para el prestatario un coste efectivo real en sus préstamos. Además, se muestra cómo, en circunstancias normales, este coste es muy superior al promedio del coste ofertado por los bancos tradicionales. Ello es debido a que JAK exige un depósito no remunerado de cuantía superior, debido a la aplicación de un coeficiente reductor, e igual plazo al del préstamo concedido. En consecuencia, considerando solamente criterios económicos personales, este tipo de banca no resulta atractiva. No obstante, si se tienen en cuenta los beneficios sociales, así como la posibilidad de ceder derechos de préstamo (puntos de ahorro positivos) a otros miembros, entonces su utilidad es considerable desde un punto de vista económico y social.

La consolidación de las nuevas tecnologías e Internet en nuestra sociedad no sólo ha ocasionado grandes cambios en las relaciones privadas de los seres humanos, sino que, también ha influido en los modelos de negocio y la creación de nuevos empleos. La digitalización de la sociedad en general también ha afectado a las relaciones laborales en todos sus ámbitos: primero, desde la incorporación de estas nuevas tecnologías a las empresas, lo que provoca adaptar los puestos de trabajo; y después, creando empleos inéditos. La tendencia del futuro es que todos los trabajos que se puedan automatizar robotizar, es decir, que puedan ser desempeñados por una máquina terminen por desaparecer. En otras palabras, todos aquellos empleos que supongan una actividad repetitiva, de fuerza, o de orden, que no implique el uso del intelecto humano serán desempeñados por un robot o un sistema automático. Sin embargo, esta no es la única tendencia. El empleo que no sea sustituido por las máquinas también sufrirá fuertes modificaciones, puesto que, tendrá que aprender a convivir con una arraigada presencia dependencia tecnológica.

Greenhouse cultivation in the Mediterranean region has undoubtedly enhanced the economic growth and has generated social benefits by making an efficient use of resources. However, these production systems caused undesirable environmental impacts. In order to move towards cleaner production in greenhouse areas, this study has assessed the potential environmental benefits and trade-offs of the integration of an on-farm reverse osmosis system powered by photovoltaic solar energy to recycle the drainage effluents from greenhouses. To that end, we compare the environmental footprint of a greenhouse tomato crop using this technology in a hydroponic system (HS), versus the conventional sanded soil ‘enarenado’ (CS) with free-drainage to soil. Additionally, for comparison, three independent irrigation sources (desalinated seawater with low electrical conductivity and two different mixes of underground and desalinated water, with moderate and high electrical conductivity, respectively) were evaluated. The use of desalinated seawater can help reduce the overexploitation of aquifers, although if the desalination process is not done with clean energy it also comes with a negative impact on the carbon footprint. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used to analyse and evaluate six environmental impact indicators associated with these production systems and water treatments. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the potential environmental benefits of increasing the use of renewable energy for desalinated water production, whilst also curbing the common over-fertilisation malpractice reported in the study area. Based on our findings, the HS with leachate treatment technology showed, compared to the CS system, a significant reduction in the eutrophication (72 %), although it did inevitably increase the depletion of fossil fuels (43 %) global warming (37 %) and acidification (32 %) impacts, due to the need for additional infrastructure and equipment. Among the inpu

Desalinated sea water (DSW) is increasingly being used as an alternative source of irrigation in dry coastal areas. Owing to its high price and singular composition, it is often blended with other water resources to curb costs. Although this is a common practice, limited resources are available to manage the increased agro-economic complexity required to balance several water sources with heterogeneous quality, price, and availability restrictions. To support the management of fertigation with DSW, in this study, we present an open-source decision support tool (DST), Irriblend-DSW. The DST has been designed to identify potentially profitable fertigation options for different water and fertiliser availability scenarios. To demonstrate the key features of the tool, we applied it to two actual case study scenarios in south-eastern Spain, where severe water scarcity led to massive seawater desalination for agricultural supply. The information provided by the DST enabled the assessment of the viability of different water blending options and the selection of an optimal combination of water and fertilisers. The simulation results showed that the fertigation costs of the studied crops, hydroponic lettuce, and greenhouse tomato substantially increased with the integration of DSW. The DST output showed how water price rises, and how additional types and amounts of fertilisers are required when more DSW is used. However, because the salinity of the blend is also reduced with the use of DSW, the yield outcome improves and, thus, to some extent, compensates for the increased cost. In fact, despite higher costs, the studied crops were found to be very profitable when the optimised solutions computed by the DST were selected. Moreover, the optimum fertigation solutions not only reduced costs but also decreased nutrient leaching in areas of severely polluted aquifers.

La realidad de la España post-crisis ha ocasionado que los escritores nacidos a partir de 1974 (la Generación 2010 en dos promociones, los mileuristas y los millennials) se enfrenten a una percepción del país que ya no se corresponde con su idea de devenir socioeconómico ni sociocultural. Estos jóvenes vivieron su infancia y primera juventud inmersos de la creencia, artificial, de un futuro resuelto dentro de un país desarrollado, aunque viviendo al límite del capitalismo salvaje. La crisis de 2008 provocó un cambio absoluto de escenario y dejó en el camino una ristra de espejos rotos porque estos jóvenes descubrieron que no podían alcanzar ni lograr todo lo que desearan (en esa suerte de esfuerzo dirigido inculcado desde la infancia), ni tampoco expresar su yo artístico bajo la protección eterna del Estado. Este artículo reflexiona en torno al desencanto generacional. Centra su interés en Cristina Morales, Premio Nacional de Narrativa, autora formada dentro de estos parámetros histórico-ideológicos. Muy desilusionada, se empeña en exprimir del sistema sus últimas gotas de abundancia. Para ello, se ha servido de su observación y experiencia en el mundo editorial creando para sí misma un personaje aún sin explotar en el siglo XXI, el de la escritora radical anti-sistema, estrategia que se constata en su obra Lectura fácil.

In this study, concentrations of cadmium using 3778 samples encompassing the total size of Spain (about 505 km2) were investgated. Two novel spatial methods namely Moran eigenvector spatially varying coefficient (MESVC) and spatially filtered unconditional quantile regression (SF-UQR) were employed with the aim of avoiding the problem of local collinearity which is prevalent in regression models. Additionally, the spatially varying coefficients methods were applied to assess the influence of soil properties together with soil texture on the spatial variations of cadmium. It was indicated that the overall level of cadmium is low compared to the concentrations found around the world. In particular, the values of Cd varied between 0.01 and 2.00 mgkg-1, with the median of 0.23 mgkg-1. The residual standard error and adjusted R2 produced by MESVC were 0.16 and 0.69, respectively which are better than 0.21 and 0.39 yielded by the SF-UQR model. Both of these models outperformed compared to the geographically weighted regression (GWR) and the performance of MESVC was also better than the traditional method of kriging. For instance, in terms of willmott index (d) and root mean squared relative error (RMSRE), the MESVC had superior performance with values equal to 0.612 and 0.275 compared to 0.399 and 0.379 obtained for the ordinary kriging. The MESVC and GWR demonstrated that CaCO3, sand, silt and clay had a negligible influence on spatial variations of cadmium whereas, EC had the largest contribution followed by SOM and pH.

Sanchez-Martin et al. report a mode of action for naphthalene-diimides, a well-known class of G-quadruplexes ligands. Their work provides evidence of naphthalene-diimides targeting G-quadruplexes in ribosomal DNA, inducing a blockade of RNA polymerase I-mediated transcription and cell death. These compounds could be exploited in colorectal cancer treatment.

La mutación cultural promovida por el auge de las nuevas tecnologías ha desencadenado la aparición de nuevas necesidades educativas en el alumnado. Actualmente, la competencia digital y el pensamiento crítico forman parte del conjunto de destrezas imprescindibles para los jóvenes hiperconectados de la era digital. Además, el surgimiento de un campo de estudio interdisciplinar como las Humanidades Digitales presenta una serie de oportunidades que pueden ser aprovechadas por el sistema educativo, ya que aporta herramientas útiles que vinculan lo digital y lo humanístico. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo presentar una propuesta de actividades basadas en el uso de estas herramientas para el desarrollo de la educación literaria del alumnado de las etapas educativas inferiores. De este modo, se plantean cuatro tipos de actividades: a) análisis de textos con Voyant Tools; b) análisis de términos usando Books Ngram Viewer de Google; c) cuestionarios gamificados mediante Kahoot!; y d) debates y juegos de rol con la red social Instagram. Los hallazgos de este estudio permiten comprobar el desarrollo de la competencia lecto-literaria y la competencia comunicativa, estimular el trabajo en equipo y la creatividad, y fomentar la retroalimentación entre alumno-profesor y entre pares.

One strategy for restoring degraded soils by opencast mining in semiarid regions is the application of organic amendments. However, selecting an appropriate organic amendment that improves soil quality and functionality for recovery in the short-term without a high contribution to increased CO₂ emissions is important for improving restoration strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to study the short and medium-term changes in physico-chemical and biological properties in restored soils with organic amendments from a limestone quarry (SE, Spain). Several restoration treatments were applied consisting stabilized sewage sludge, vegetable compost garden waste, vegetable compost from greenhouse crop residues and two mixtures thereof, then native plants were planted. After six months several soil properties were evaluated (electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), assimilable phosphorus (AP), soil water retention, carbohydrates and polyphenols content, enzymatic activities, bacteria and fungi fatty acids and soil respiration). Some physico-chemical soil properties and the survival rates and biovolume of the introduced native plants, as well as the percentage of land cover occupied by wild plants, were also analyzed 2 years after the application of the amendments. Organic amendments improved significantly all soil properties compared with unamended soils. Labile organic matter forms (carbohydrates and polyphenols) showed significant positive correlations with parameters related to microbial activity. Restored soils with sewage sludge had the highest significant labile C values, following by its mixtures. All organic amendments increased in situ CO₂ release, a positive priming effect and organic matter mineralization, being these properties higher in sludge-treated soils than in the rest restored and non-amendment soils. The content of TOC and TN and water retention remained similar two after the application of the ame

The purpose of this paper is to model numerically the dynamics of CO and Rn in cave atmospheres, particularly in the noteworthy Cave of Altamira (Spain). We aim to get a better understanding of the nature of these dynamics and their couplings with climatic controls, more specifically the soil water content, which role in the said dynamics poses some questions. For the first time, we apply the global modeling technique in the field of cave microclimate and atmospheric composition. The global modeling technique is a methodology based on the theory of nonlinear systems and designed to extract mathematical models directly from observational time series. We were able to extract four global models from our data. These models represent a step forward from the existent conceptual ones. They also show that CO and Rn dynamics can be approximated by low-dimensional, deterministic systems, which can be chaotic or, at least, close to chaos; this has decisive methodological consequences for future research. Moreover, the global modeling technique was used for the first time in a non-autonomous formulation; this enabled the possibility of studying the influence of the external forcing (soil water content) on the gas concentration in different scenarios.

Las nuevas tecnologías y la era del conocimiento han provocado que la escuela deje de ostentar el monopolio de la educación y surjan nuevos modelos y formatos de aprendizaje. Además, estas circunstancias han desembocado en una cultura de la infoxicación, desinformación y posverdad. En la red no existe el filtro de la información. Este contexto también ha favorecido la creación de nuevas textualidades digitales basadas en la creación colectiva. Entre ellos destacan los creepypasta (historias digitales de terror) como obras basadas en la hiperficción constructiva, inspiradas en las leyendas urbanas y relacionadas con las noticias falsas. Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de analizar los creepypasta como construcciones y modelos narrativos con el fin de aprovechar sus potencialidades en la educación formal. Para ello, se ha extraído y analizado un corpus de 68 obras ubicadas en la sección de Lecturas Sugeridas del espacio de afinidad relacionado con estos textos más importante de la red: creepypasta.fandom. Los resultados hallados muestran que se trata de relatos metaficcionales que utilizan una gran riqueza de técnicas y recursos narrativos. Se manipulan y resignifican imágenes, documentos, noticias y otros hechos documentos. Todo ello, posiciona a estos textos en un espacio privilegiado para el fomento de la lectura y alfabetización mediática e informacional.

Este artículo ofrece una reflexión sobre la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en el aula universitaria, en concreto, dentro de la asignatura obligatoria de Estrategias para la comunicación en grupos multilingües del Grado de Educación Social de la Universidad de Almería (España). En este se plantea una propuesta didáctica de formación para alumnado de Educación Social desde los parámetros del Análisis Crítico del Discurso para determinar qué estrategias discursivas emplea la prensa española para referirse a las personas migrantes de tipo refugiado, en especial, las mujeres. Para ello, se recurrió al corpus creado por el Proyecto I+D DIPURE (El Discurso Público sobre los Refugiados en España), ya que consideramos que los resultados del análisis colaborarán en reconocer posibles estereotipos y prejuicios que se puedan transmitir es este discurso público de los medios de comunicación, en este caso españoles, para poder ser combatidos y superados en el marco de una sociedad democrática que persigue la equidad e igualdad entre mujeres y hombres.

Diferencias en la producción, consumo de agua y aporte de fertilizantes derivadas del uso de agua de mar desalinizada (T1) y agua de la mezcla de ésta con agua de pozo (T2 yT3) en dos ciclos cortos de un cultivo de tomate bajo invernadero cultivado en suelo (S) y en hidropónico (H) con reutilización de drenajes.

[EN] The sexual expression of watermelon plants is the result of the distribution and occurrence of male, female, bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers on the main and secondary stems. Plants can be monoecious (producing male and female flowers), andromonoecious (producing male and hermaphrodite flowers), or partially andromonoecious (producing male, female, bisexual, and hermaphrodite flowers) within the same plant. Sex determination of individual floral buds and the distribution of the different flower types on the plant, are both controlled by ethylene. A single missense mutation in the ethylene biosynthesis geneCitACS4, is able to promote the conversion of female into hermaphrodite flowers, and therefore of monoecy (genotypeMM) into partial andromonoecy (genotypeMm) or andromonoecy (genotypemm). We phenotyped and genotyped, for theM/mlocus, a panel of 207 C. lanatusaccessions, including five inbreds and hybrids, and found several accessions that were repeatedly phenotyped as PA (partially andromonoecious) in several locations and different years, despite beingMM. A cosegregation analysis between a SNV inCitACS4and the PA phenotype, demonstrated that the occurrence of bisexual and hermaphrodite flowers in a PA line is not dependent onCitACS4, but conferred by an unlinked recessive gene which we calledpa. Two different approaches were performed to map thepagene in the genome ofC. lanatus: bulk segregant analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and genome wide association analysis studies (GWAS). The BSA-seq study was performed using two contrasting bulks, the monoecious M-bulk and the partially andromonoecious PA-bulk, each one generated by pooling DNA from 20 F2 plants. For GWAS, 122 accessions from USDA gene bank, already re-sequenced by genotyping by sequencing (GBS), were used. The combination of the two approaches indicates thatpamaps onto a genomic region expanding across 32.24-36.44 Mb in chromosome 1 of watermelon. Fine mapping narrowed down thepalocus to a 867 Kb genom

[ES] La destilación por membranas es un proceso de separación impulsado térmicamente en fase de investigación. Esta tecnología destaca principalmente por la simplicidad del proceso y su baja temperatura de operación, lo que permite que pueda ser alimentada con energía solar de media-baja temperatura. Así, la destilación por membranas se ha convertido en una solución prometedora, eficiente y sostenible para desarrollar plantas de desalación de pequeño o mediano tamaño en lugares aislados con buenas condiciones de radiación. No obstante, para que esta tecnología pueda llegar a ser implementada a escala industrial se debe seguir investigando y mejorando aspectos relacionados tanto con el diseño de las membranas y de los módulos como con la propia operación de estos. En relación con la operación, el desarrollo de modelos y técnicas de control cobran un papel fundamental. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las técnicas de control y modelado aplicadas en este campo, describiendo las principales metodologías empleadas y los retos futuros que quedan por abordar, incluyendo además un ejemplo ilustrativo., [EN] Membrane distillation is a termally-driven separation process under investigation. This technology stands out for the simplicity of the process and for its low operating temperature, which allows it to be combined with low grade solar energy. Thus, membrane distillation has become a promising, effcient and sustainable solution for the development of small-medium stand-alone desalination facilities to be implemented in offgrids areas with good irradiance conditions. However, in order to develop this technology on an industrial scale, research must continue to improve aspects related to both the design of membranes and modules and their operation. Regarding the operation, the development of models and control techniques play a fundamental role. This paper presents a review of the control and modeling techniques applied in this field, describing the main methodologies employed and the future challenges to be addressed, also including an illustrative example.

[ES] La destilación por membranas es un proceso de separación impulsado térmicamente en fase de investigación. Esta tecnología destaca principalmente por la simplicidad del proceso y su baja temperatura de operación, lo que permite que pueda ser alimentada con energía solar de media-baja temperatura. Así, la destilación por membranas se ha convertido en una solución prometedora, eficiente y sostenible para desarrollar plantas de desalación de pequeño o mediano tamaño en lugares aislados con buenas condiciones de radiación. No obstante, para que esta tecnología pueda llegar a ser implementada a escala industrial se debe seguir investigando y mejorando aspectos relacionados tanto con el diseño de las membranas y de los módulos como con la propia operación de estos. En relación con la operación, el desarrollo de modelos y técnicas de control cobran un papel fundamental. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de las técnicas de control y modelado aplicadas en este campo, describiendo las principales metodologías empleadas y los retos futuros que quedan por abordar, incluyendo además un ejemplo ilustrativo., [EN] Membrane distillation is a termally-driven separation process under investigation. This technology stands out for the simplicity of the process and for its low operating temperature, which allows it to be combined with low grade solar energy. Thus, membrane distillation has become a promising, effcient and sustainable solution for the development of small-medium stand-alone desalination facilities to be implemented in offgrids areas with good irradiance conditions. However, in order to develop this technology on an industrial scale, research must continue to improve aspects related to both the design of membranes and modules and their operation. Regarding the operation, the development of models and control techniques play a fundamental role. This paper presents a review of the control and modeling techniques applied in this field, describing the main methodologies employed and the future challenges to be addressed, also including an illustrative example.

Este trabajo rastrea situaciones particulares de refugiados de cualquier lugar del mundo que han tenido una notable resonancia en las redes sociales. Asimismo, se ha intentado seguir un protocolo de actuación en el que la persona afectada muestre con claridad sus sentimientos más profundos. La idea es que se genere en el lector una súbita reacción acompañada esta de una obligada necesidad de revertir cuestiones de índole internacional. También se debe tener presente que internet y las redes sociales constituyen un vasto espacio para la comunicación libre y autónoma, de modo que su utilización puede llevar consigo connotaciones extremas, no siendo estas siempre positivas o agradables.

En las últimas décadas se ha desarrollado un importante campo de investigación en el ámbito de las Ciencias Sociales y en el de las Humanidades en torno a la representación de la inmigración (y de sus actores principales) en los medios de comunicación. La cobertura mediática de las minorías, en este caso, de la inmigración, y de los temas relacionados con este debate social, supone un factor relevante de cómo la sociedad percibe a estas minorías. En el caso concreto de la inmigración, muchos estudios apuntan que el lenguaje empleado tiende a la generalización y que ello contribuye a la deshumanización de las personas inmigrantes, lo que afecta decisivamente a la manera en que las percibimos y nos relacionamos con ellas: el “otro” pierde su personalidad individual y pasa a denominarse “el sin papeles”, “el extranjero”. En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de contenido del tratamiento mediático en España del traslado y desembarco de 629 personas migrantes rescatadas en el Mediterráneo por el barco Aquarius mediante el estudio de 1.303 piezas publicadas en una muestra de 27 diarios estatales y regionales entre el 12 y el 23 de junio de 2018. Los resultados muestran que el lenguaje utilizado fue propicio a la generalización y la deshumanización del acontecimiento, que tendía a concebirse y transmitirse como un hecho político y no como un acontecimiento vital para un conjunto muy significativo de personas.

Esta investigación aborda el tratamiento audiovisual de las noticias emitidas por los informativos de la televisión pública española TVE sobre el movimiento de los refugiados en territorio español. Bajo la perspectiva de la Agenda Setting y la Teoría del Framing, sobre las que se asume que los contenidos audiovisuales informativos no sólo determinan la agenda pública, sino también la forma en la que se piensa sobre una actualidad concreta, se han analizado 282 fragmentos informativos entre enero de 2015 y junio de 2017. El criterio de búsqueda de estos fragmentos viene determinado por los siguientes términos: refugiado, refugiada, refugiados, refugiadas. Las variables consideradas sobre la imagen de los refugiados, los encuadres noticiosos, el carácter evaluativo de la noticia y las imágenes que aparecen en pantalla se han sometido a un proceso de intercodificadores externos para asegurar la fiabilidad de la fase de codificación. El patrón de resultados obtenidos a través de distintos modelos estadísticos y de análisis del discurso con una aproximación multimodal describirá el tratamiento informativo y los encuadres dominantes que TVE otorga a las personas refugiadas en España, y en definitiva una aproximación al juicio social e impacto cognitivo de la audiencia.

El presente artículo se inscribe dentro del marco de investigación del Proyecto de Investigación I+D DIPURE (El Discurso Público sobre los Refugiados en España). Con la llamada crisis de los refugiados con la que los medios de comunicación se refieren al incremento notable de refugiados en 2015 –sobre todo– a raíz del agudizado conflicto en Siria, nuestro propósito es el de analizar críticamente el discurso de medios de comunicación escrita (prensa) relativos a temas educativos. Para lo cual, los principios del análisis crítico del discurso en los que nos basamos, como práctica investigadora e instrumento de acción social, permiten desvelar la forma de construcción simbólica de las personas, tanto de manera individual como social. Así, la representación discursiva de los refugiados en prensa, en relación con la educación, con el sistema de enseñanza o con la aplicación –o no– de proyectos educativos, evidencia el tratamiento del tema y su propia repercusión social. El análisis de los datos, compuesto por un corpus de 2943 noticias (abril de 2015-mayo de 2017), se basa en los trabajos de perspectiva discursiva de Brown y Yule (1983), Calsamiglia y Tusón (1999), Cortés y Camacho (2003), Íñiguez (2003) o López Alonso (2014), entre otros; así como en los postulados de orientación crítica del discurso de Bañón (2002, 2003, 2004, 2007), Fairclough (1994, 1995, 2003), Fairclough y Wodak (2000), Sarangi y Coulthard (2000), Van Dijk (1997, 2000a, 2000b, 2003), Wodak (2000) o Wodak y Meyer (2001), entre otros.

Conocimos a Manolo hace casi cuarenta años. Pocas personas nos han impresionado tanto. Era, entonces, un rebelde estudiante universitario que reaccionaba ante lo que consideraba injusto con contundencia. Algunos pensaban que era cosa de la juventud, pero nosotros sabíamos que era mucho más que eso. Su mirada, capaz de radiografiar a cuantos se ponían delante, no engañaba: toda su vida iba a ser una persona comprometida, de forma intensa y constante, con las personas discriminadas. Así fue. Hacía lo que creía necesario y decía lo que consideraba oportuno si pensaba que, haciéndolo o diciéndolo, mejoraría la sociedad en la que le había tocado vivir. Durante toda su vida, fue, por encima de cualquier otra cosa, coherente con sus ideas. Y siempre fue capaz de comunicar sus opiniones con inteligencia y con una excelente oratoria. Hizo escuchar su voz, grave y profunda, en clase, en reuniones, en sus conferencias, en los medios y, por supuesto, en la calle, manifestándose. En realidad, seguimos escuchándola. Ese mismo perfil personal es el que aplicó también como filólogo. ...

El análisis del discurso de la inmigración en los medios de comunicación ha sido objeto de interés de muchos investigadores en los últimos años. No podemos decir lo mismo del discurso sobre el refugio internacional, como fenónemo independiente y diferenciado dentro de los procesos migratorios. En cualquier caso, la categoría de los actores constituye uno de los focos más significativos del análisis. Consideramos que el uso del discurso referido es una de las claves para observar la presencia —también la ausencia— de los actores en la prensa escrita, ya que permite insertar, dentro del relato del periodista, las voces de los personajes de los que se habla. En este caso, analizamos las citas de personas refugiadas dentro de las publicaciones de las cabeceras españolas más leídos durante los años 2015, 2016 y 2017. Nuestro trabajo tiene una orientación mixta, en la que combinamos las técnicas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso con las propias del Análisis de Contenido. La investigación se centra principalmente en la valoración de los microactores —los refugiados, como sujetos del enunciado—, pero no podemos olvidar que los macroactores —los medios de comunicación, como sujetos de la enunciación— pueden influir enormemente en la transmisión de la cita.

[Background]: Severe and morbid obesity are increasing globally, particularly in women. As BMI increases, the likelihood of anovulation is higher. The primary aim of the EMOVAR clinical trial is to examine, over the short (16 weeks) and medium (12 months) term, the effects of a supervised physical exercise program (focused primarily on aerobic and resistance training) on ovarian function in women with severe/morbid obesity who have undergone bariatric surgery. Secondary objectives are to examine the effects of the intervention on chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, arterial stiffness, physical fitness, and health-related quality of life. [Methods]: This is a randomized controlled trial in which ∼40 female bariatric surgery patients, aged between 18 and 45 years old, will be included. Participants assigned to the experimental group will perform a total of 48 sessions of supervised concurrent (strength and aerobic) training (3 sessions/week, 60 min/session) spread over 16 weeks. Patients assigned to the control group will receive lifestyle recommendations. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline, week 16 (i.e., after the exercise intervention) and 12 months after surgery. The primary outcome is ovarian function using the Sex-Hormone Binding Globuline, measured in serum. Secondary outcomes are serum levels of anti-mullerian hormone, TSH, T4, FSH, LH, estradiol, prolactine, and free androgen index, as well as oocyte count, the diameters of both ovaries, endometrial thickness, and uterine arterial pulsatility index (obtained from a transvaginal ultrasound), the duration of menstrual bleeding and menstrual cycle duration (obtained by personal interview) and hirsutism (Ferriman Gallwey Scale). Other secondary outcomes include serum markers of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance (i.e., C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, leptin, glomerular sedimentation rate, glucose, insulin and the HOMA-IR), arterial stiffness, systolic, diastolic a