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Introduction: The psychometric properties of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) have been evaluated across numerous languages and population groups, primarily from a factor analysis perspective. In some studies, inconsistencies in structural invariance have been identified. Objective: This study aims to analyze the properties and gender invariance of the SWLS from a network analysis perspective. Method: A total of 857 Spanish university students were obtained through a stratified random cluster sampling method in a cross-sectional survey design study. Descriptive analysis of the items, partial-correlation network, Bayesian network model estimation, and invariance analysis by gender were conducted. Results: The instrument did not exhibit any floor or ceiling effects. Each item can be considered univariately normally distributed, and all items clustered in a single and stable community. The partial-correlation network model and centrality measures were stable in the full sample and invariant across genders. Item 3 emerged as the most central node in the network with the highest predictability. The Bayesian network indicated that items 2 and 4 initiate the process, while item 5 acts as the sink, and items 1 and 3 act as mediators. Conclusions: The SWLS can be used as a unidimensional measure, and the total score and relationships among items are stable and reliable. Any potential differences among genders cannot be associated with the functioning of the instrument. The predictability of every item was high, and the Bayesian network clearly identified different roles among the items.

Los estudios disponibles hasta la fecha sobre la organización funcional de las áreas dedicadas al procesamiento sensorial en el palio de los peces teleósteos son muy escasos. El objetivo del presente trabajo experimental fue identificar funcionalmente las regiones del palio del telencéfalo de la carpa dorada implicadas en el procesamiento de los estímulos gustativos, así como describir algunos de los mecanismos neurofisiológicos y psicobiológicos implicados no sólo en los fenómenos de procesamiento sensorial, sino también de integración multisensorial, y los fenómenos emocionales y motivacionales que acompañan a la experiencia gustativa. En el Experimento 1 empleamos una combinación de técnicas de estimulación sensorial junto con técnicas de neuroimagen mediante el registro óptico de la actividad empleando fluorocromos sensibles al voltaje para estudiar la organización funcional del palio. Los resultados muestran la presencia de un área gustativa localizada en la región Dm3 del palio, que se activa selectivamente ante la estimulación gustativa, independientemente de la naturaleza del gustante empleado, y que codifica propiedades sensoriales particulares como la concentración del estímulo gustativo. La región Dm4 del palio también contiene una representación somatosensorial y otra auditiva. Estas tres representaciones sensoriales, a pesar de mostrar identidades diferenciadas, se superponen parcialmente, de forma similar, por ejemplo, al patrón de organización observado en el córtex insular de los mamíferos. Posteriormente nos planteamos estudiar si el palio del telencéfalo de la carpa dorada podría estar implicado, además de en los aspectos puramente sensoriales, en otros aspectos del procesamiento de las dimensiones afectivas de la experiencia gustativa y en su recuerdo. Para ello, en el Experimento 2 entrenamos a los sujetos en un procedimiento experimental para inducir aversión condicionada al sabor y posteriormente registramos la actividad palial durante la recup, The existing studies on the functional organization of areas dedicated to sensory processing in the pallium of teleost fish are currently quite scarce. The objective of this experimental work was to functionally identify regions in the telencephalic pallium of goldfish involved in the processing of gustatory stimuli, as well as to describe some of its neurophysiological and psychobiological mechanisms for multisensory integration, and for emotional and motivational processing. In Experiment 1, we employed a combination of sensory stimulation techniques along with neuroimaging techniques using optical recording of neural activity by means of voltagesensitive fluorochromes to study the functional organization of the pallium. The results show the presence of a gustatory area located in the Dm3 region of the pallium, that is selectively activated by gustatory stimulation, regardless of the nature of the tastant, and encoding specific sensory properties such as the concentration of the gustatory stimulus. The Dm4 region of the pallium also contains a somatosensory and an auditory representation. Despite showing differentiated identities, these three sensory representations partially overlap, resembling the organizational pattern observed in the insular cortex of mammals. We then aimed to investigate whether the telencephalic pallium of the goldfish could be involved in processing the affective dimensions of the gustatory experience and its memory, besides the purely sensory processing aspects. In Experiment 2, subjects were trained in a conditioned taste aversion procedure, and later, pallial activity was recorded during the retrieval of the aversive gustatory memory. The results indicate that the pallium of the goldfish encodes both the sensory and motivational-emotional dimensions of the gustatory experience. The analysis of the results from this experiment reveals the presence of a complex network of specialized areas differentially involved in emotional and mnemonic

La Memoria de Trabajo (MT) es el sistema cerebral involucrado en el almacenamiento temporal de información (corto periodo de tiempo) y la manipulación de la misma. Este mecanismo posibilita la realización de tareas cognitivas complejas, tales como el razonamiento, el aprendizaje, la comprensión o el desarrollo del lenguaje (Baddeley, 1992). Además está estrechamente relacionada con diferentes procesos cognitivos de gran importancia, como la inteligencia. Es por ello por lo que el presente trabajo se centra en investigar la Memoria de Trabajo, el orden de maduración de sus componentes según el modelo da Baddeley y Hitch (1992), la variabilidad intergrupal e interindividual en la MT durante el desarrollo y su relación con la inteligencia en sujetos en normodesarrollo y sujetos diagnosticados con Trastorno de Déficit de Atención (TDA).

The right hemisphere of the brain is often referred to as the non-dominant hemisphere. Though this is meant to highlight the specialized role of the left hemisphere in language, the use of this term runs the risk of oversimplifying or minimizing the essential functions of the right hemisphere. There is accumulating evidence from functional MRI, clinical lesion studies, and intraoperative mapping data that implicate the right hemisphere in a diverse array of cognitive functions, including visuospatial functions, attentional processes, and social cognitive functions. Neuropsychological deficits following right hemisphere resections are well-documented, but there is a general paucity of literature focusing on how to best map these functions during awake brain surgery to minimize such deficits. To address this gap in the literature, a systematic review was conducted to examine the cognitive and emotional processes associated with the right hemisphere and the neuropsychological tasks frequently used for mapping the right hemisphere during awake brain tumor surgery. It was found that the most employed tests to assess language and speech functions in patients with lesions in the right cerebral hemisphere were the naming task and the Pyramids and Palm Trees Test (PPTT). Spatial cognition was typically evaluated using the line bisection task, while social cognition was assessed through the Reading the Mind in the Eyes (RME) test. Dual-tasking and the movement of the upper and lower limbs were the most frequently used methods to evaluate motor/sensory functions. Executive functions were typically assessed using the N-back test and Stroop test. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review to help provide guidance on the cognitive functions most at risk and methods to map such functions during right awake brain surgery.

La cuestión sobre si los peces poseen los sustratos neurales necesarios para la percepción del dolor ha suscitado un intenso debate en los últimos años y sigue siendo una cuestión controvertida en la actualidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los posibles mecanismos cerebrales para el procesamiento del dolor en el palio del telencéfalo de la carpa dorada (Carassius auratus). Para ello, analizamos los patrones de activación paliales durante el procesamiento de estímulos nociceptivos y nonociceptivos mediante la técnica de neuroimagen mediante fluorocromos sensibles al voltaje. Los resultados muestran que estímulos somatosensoriales neutros producen la activación del área Dm4, mientras que los estímulos potencialmente dolorosos producen la activación simultánea de las áreas Dm2 y Dm4. Por lo tanto la activación conjunta de las áreas Dm4 y Dm2 podría considerarse una neurofirma de la percepción del dolor en la carpa dorada. El grado de activación de la red Dm4-Dm2 se correlaciona con la intensidad de la estimulación y con la salida conductual emocional (bradicardia). Los experimentos de cartografía muestran que los patrones de actividad del área Dm4 mantienen una organización somatotópica y que este área codifica un tanto la localización espacial del estímulo en el cuerpo como su intensidad, tanto para estímulos nociceptivos como para estímulos somatosensoriales neutros, lo que sugiere que una función sensorial de este área del palio. No obstante, el área Dm4 desempeña también funciones viscerosensoriales y visceromotoras, por lo que probablemente este área integra información sensorial y visceral en una representación del estado corporal. Mediante un experimento de condicionamiento clásico discriminativo empleando estímulos auditivos como estímulos condicionados y microestimulación eléctrica localizada en las regiones Dm2 y Dm4 como estímulo incondicionado obtuvimos que la activación de Dm2 (o del sistema Dm2-Dm4) es igual de efectiva que un estímulo, The question of whether fish possess the neural substrates necessary for the perception of pain has sparked intense debate in recent years and remains a controversial issue today. The aim of this study is to identify possible brain mechanisms for pain processing in the pallium of the telencephalon of the goldfish (Carassius auratus). To do so, we analyzed pallial activation patterns during the processing of nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimuli using voltagesensitive fluorochrome neuroimaging techniques. The results show that neutral somatosensory stimuli activate the Dm4 area, while potentially painful stimuli simultaneously activate the Dm2 and Dm4 areas. Therefore, the joint activation of the Dm4 and Dm2 areas could be considered a neurosignature of pain perception in the goldfish. The degree of activation in the Dm4-Dm2 network correlates with the intensity of stimulation and with emotional behavioral output (bradycardia).

Este trabajo aglutina una serie de investigaciones para comprobar la influencia que el líder entre iguales ejerce tanto en la satisfacción como en el rendimiento deportivo. Todas estas investigaciones se llevaron a cabo en el contexto deportivo del baloncesto, con equipos de categoría junior y senior de la provincia de Sevilla, que están inscritos en alguna competición deportiva, ya sea en los Juegos Deportivos Municipales (IMD) o en competición federada. Lo primero que se realizó fue un estudio que sirvió de base para contextualizar cuándo consideramos que una situación deportiva es favorable, desfavorable o neutra. En este estudio, se llegó a la conclusión de que, al alcanzar una diferencia de 5 puntos, podemos considerar que el contexto es favorable para quien va ganando y desfavorable para quien va perdiendo. En caso de no llegar a esa diferencia en el marcador, el contexto se considera neutro. Las investigaciones uno y dos observan la influencia que el líder entre iguales ejerce sobre la satisfacción deportiva. Ambas investigaciones concluyen que un líder con altos niveles de puntuación en el ámbito del ocio conlleva una mayor satisfacción en el equipo, pero discrepan en el sub-factor que influye en la ganancia de la satisfacción. En la investigación uno, el sub-factor relevante es la influencia en la toma de decisiones; sin embargo, en la investigación dos, el sub-factor relevante es el apoyo social. En la investigación tres, se analiza la relación existente entre el líder entre iguales y el rendimiento deportivo. En esta investigación se concluye que, cuando el contexto del partido es desfavorable, altas puntuaciones en orientación a la tarea del líder se correlacionan con mejores resultados. Sin embargo, no hay relación cuando el contexto es favorable o neutro. Por último, la cuarta investigación muestra un procedimiento de entrenamiento del liderazgo de seis sesiones. En ella, se utilizaron tres sujetos de un equipo de baloncesto, quienes experimentaron mej, This work brings together a series of investigations to examine the influence that peer leadership has on both satisfaction and sports performance. All these studies were conducted in the basketball sports context, with junior and senior teams from the province of Seville participating in either local sports competitions (IMD) or federated competitions. The first step was a study that served as a foundation to contextualize when we consider a sports situation as favorable, unfavorable, or neutral. This study concluded that once a 5-point difference is reached, the context is considered favorable for the leading team and unfavorable for the trailing team. If this point difference is not reached, the context is deemed neutral. Research one and two observe the influence of peer leadership on sports satisfaction. Both studies conclude that a leader with high scores in leisure-related aspects leads to greater team satisfaction, but they differ in the sub-factor that influences satisfaction gain. In the first study, the relevant sub-factor is the influence on decision-making, while in the second study, the relevant sub-factor is social support. Research three analyzes the relationship between peer leadership and sports performance. This investigation concludes that in an unfavorable game context, high scores in the leader's task orientation correlate with better results. However, there is no correlation when the context is favorable or neutral. Finally, the fourth investigation presents a six-session leadership training procedure. In this study, three subjects from a basketball team underwent improvements in their sociogram scores as assessed by their peers.

This work provides psychometric data on the validity and reliability of the Spanish adaptation of the Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ), as well as information on the intensity of bereavement in the Spanish population. The study evaluated 333 Spanish participants of legal age (M = 31.5; SD = 11.6), mostly women (76.3%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested the adequacy of three different structures present in literature, finding better fit indexes for a model that kept the original three-factor structure (grief, guilt, and anger) but rearranged 2 of the 16 items. Around 70% of participants reported signs of intense bereavement on the grief scale, with higher means among women. The results confirm adequate psychometric qualities of the PBQ, offering healthcare professionals a tool to evaluate bereavement intensity after the loss of a companion animal in Spanish samples., Este trabajo proporciona datos psicométricos sobre la validez y fiabilidad de la adaptación española del Pet Bereavement Questionnaire (PBQ), así como información sobre la intensidad del duelo en la población española. El estudio evaluó a 333 participantes españoles mayores de edad (M = 31,5; DE = 11,6), en su mayoría mujeres (76,3%). El análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC) probó la idoneidad de tres estructuras diferentes presentes en la literatura y encontró índices de mejor ajuste para un modelo que mantuvo la estructura original de tres factores (tristeza, culpa e ira) pero reorganizó 2 de los 16 ítems. Alrededor del 70% de los participantes informaron signos de duelo intenso en la escala de duelo, con medias más altas entre las mujeres. Los resultados confirman adecuadas cualidades psicométricas del PBQ, ofreciendo a los profesionales sanitarios una herramienta para evaluar la intensidad del duelo tras la pérdida de un animal de compañía en muestras españolas.

Objective: While there is sufficient evidence of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy's effectiveness in allowing patients to deal with chronic pain, the effectiveness in cognitive fusion, one of the six core components of the Psychology Flexibility Model, has yet to be established. The aim of this article is to assess whether psychological interventions decrease cognitive fusion. Methods: The Web of Science, SCOPUS, Medline, and PsycINFO databases were searched for primary studies up to June 2024. Studies with a cognitive fusion measure in which chronic pain patients received a psychological intervention were included. A methodological quality scale was applied to the selected studies and the average effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated. Results: This review included 18 articles with 24 studies (19 pre-post/follow-up studies and five randomized control trials). Cognitive fusion decreased significantly after the intervention. The effect sizes were small/medium at post-test, g = -0.39, p < .001, 95% CI [-0.52, -0.26]; and medium at long-term follow-up, g = -0.55, p < .001, 95% CI [−0.74, -0.36]. A similar tendency was found for studies with RCTs at post-test, g = -0.61, p = .006, 95% CI [−1.05, -0.17], short-term follow-up, g = -0.79, p < .001, 95% CI [−1.18, -0.40] and long-term follow-up, g = -0.58, p = .003, 95% CI [-0.95, -0.20]). Moderator variables such as unemployment, gender, pain intensity, level of depression before the intervention, and duration and intervention modality were identified. Conclusion: Psychological interventions tended to decrease cognitive fusion in chronic pain patients. Nonetheless, more clinical trials are needed to establish the role of cognitive fusion in psychological flexibility.

Antecedentes: La proliferación de intervenciones e investigaciones psicológicas realizadas a través de internet ha fomentado la aplicación de cuestionarios online para evaluar trastornos mentales comunes como la ansiedad perinatal. Este estudio analiza la validez y fiabilidad de la versión online de la Escala de Ansiedad Generalizada (GAD-7) en una muestra de mujeres españolas embarazadas y puérperas. Método: 3082 mujeres embarazadas (n = 1260) y puérperas (n = 1822) fueron reclutadas por internet y seguidas durante seis meses en tres momentos de tiempo. Resultados: El Análisis Factorial Exploratorio aportó una solución unifactorial que se confirmó mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio en embarazadas (CFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.035) y puérperas (CFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.038). Este modelo mostró invarianza estricta por grupo. La validez se confirmó evaluando las correlaciones entre GAD-7 con la Escala de Depresión Postnatal de Edimburgo y los 10 ítems de la lista de verificación del Trastorno de Estrés Postraumático en los tres momentos evaluados. El coeficiente de fiabilidad fue .92 para ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra que la versión online en español del GAD-7 tiene buenas propiedades psicométricas y puede ser utilizada para evaluar síntomas de ansiedad durante el período perinatal., Background: The use of online questionnaires to assess common mental disorders such as perinatal anxiety has spread due to the proliferation of Internet-based psychological interventions and research. This study analyses the validity and reliability of the online version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) in a sample of pregnant and postpartum Spanish women. Method: A total of 3082 pregnant (n = 1260) and postpartum (n = 1822) women were recruited via the Internet and underwent three follow-up evaluations during a six-month period. Results: A one-factor solution was assigned by Exploratory Factor Analysis and confirmed by Confirmatory Factor Analysis for both pregnant (CFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.035) and postpartum(CFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.038) women. The one-factor model showed strict invariance across groups. Validity was confirmed by assessing correlations between GAD-7, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, and the 10-item Posttraumatic Stress Disorder checklist at three time points. The reliability coefficient was .92 for the two groups. Conclusions: This study shows that the Spanish online GAD-7 version has good psychometric properties and can be used to assess anxiety symptoms during the perinatal period.

Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex serves as a pre- cognitive marker of sensorimotor gating, and its deficit may predict cognitive impairments. Startle reflex is modulated by many factors. Among them, stress has been a topic of inter-est, but its effects on both pre- cognitive and cognitive variables continue to yield divergent results. This study aims to analyze the effect of acute stress on PPI of the startle reflex and cognitive function (working memory, attention, inhibition, and verbal fluency). Participants were exposed to the MAST stress induction protocol or a stress- neutral task: stress group (n= 54) or control group (n= 54). Following stress induction, participants' startle responses were recorded, and cognition was assessed. The results revealed that participants in the stress group exhibited greater startle magnitude, lower PPI, and lower scores in working memory tests compared with the control group. Additionally, a correlation was found between working memory and PPI across all the participants, independent of stress group. These findings support the notion that after stress, both greater startle magnitude and diminished PPI could play an adaptive role by allowing for increased process-ing of stimuli potentially dangerous and stress- related. Similarly, our results lend support to the hypothesis that lower PPI may be predictive of cognitive impair-ment. Considering the impact of stress on both pre- cognitive (PPI) and cognitive (working memory) variables, we discuss the possibility that the effect of stress on PPI occurs through motivational priming and emphasize the relevance of consid-ering stress in both basic and translational science.

La evaluación de la calidad de la atención en el ámbito de la salud es un requisito obligatorio para la mejora de los servicios ofrecidos. Sin embargo, existen pocas medidas válidas y estandarizadas, especialmente en el campo de la atención psicológica clínica. El objetivo del presente estudio es el desarrollo y validación de un índice de medida de la calidad asistencial desde la perspectiva de los especialistas de psicología clínica, que permita una evaluación ágil y de fácil interpretación. Participaron 83 especialistas de psicología clínica del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Mediante análisis psicométricos, se obtuvo un índice compuesto por cuatro indicadores esenciales, con excelentes valores de consistencia interna e índices de ajuste adecuados para un modelo unidimensional. El índice obtenido es una herramienta útil, fiable, válida y sensible para la monitorización de la calidad de las prestaciones de psicología clínica y la evalu ación de programas de mejora basados en evidencias empíricas., The evaluation of healthcare quality is a mandatory requirement for improving the services offered. However, there are few valid and standardized measures, especially in the field of clinical psychology care. The objective of this study is to develop and validate a quality¬of-care measurement index from the perspective of clinical psychology specialists that allows for agile and easy interpretation of evaluation results. In this study, 83 clinical psychology specialists from the Andalusian Health Service participated. Through psychometric analysis, an index composed of four essential indicators was obtained, with excellent values of internal consistency and adequate fit indices for a unidimensional model. The resulting index is a useful, reliable, valid, and sensitive tool for monitoring the quality of clinical psychology interventions and evaluating improvement programs based on empirical evidence.

The aim of this study was to analyze identity construction regarding caregiving amongst Senegalese women in diaspora, and to identify what challenges and negotiations they face in their caregiving practices. We conducted semistructured interviews with seven women of Senegalese origin who live in Andalusia, southern Spain. We conducted voice and I-position analysis, which highlighted power inequalities and was sensitive to the dynamic and dialogical acculturation process. The findings showed an identity reconstruction process from caregiving in the cultural context of their home country—where caregiving has a strong collectivist component with mutual support networks, especially in child raising and motherhood, as well as intergenerational respect and caregiving relationships—to a more individualistic host cultural context, where motherhood is more isolated and solitary. Diasporic Senegalese women have also lost their support networks and are overburdened by caregiving work, problems of conciliation between paid work and childcare needs, loss of social status as mothers and as adults, and racism. In such situations, their resilience strategies position them as responsible mothers, maintaining the values of their home culture and developing new strategies for searching information and support.

El objetivo fue examinar, desde una aproximación multi-informante, las medidas del Síndrome de Desconexión Cognitiva (SDC) de padres/madres e hijos/as y su relación con síntomas internalizantes y externalizantes. 279 niños/as (9-13 años), y sus padres/madres completaron las evaluaciones sobre SDC, la inatención del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) y otras medidas internalizadas y externalizadas. Los ítems de las tres medidas de SDC convergieron razonablemente bien en el factor SDC. Se aportaron pruebas discriminantes de la validez de las relaciones entre las puntuaciones de las pruebas y las medidas de los tres constructos diferentes (SDC, soledad y preferencia por la soledad). La asociación más estrecha estuvo entre la evaluación parental de las medidas de SDC con ansiedad y depresión, y entre inatención con hiperactividad/impulsividad y trastorno negativista desafiante. Se observó capacidad predictiva de la medida de SDC sobre la soledad y preferencia por estar solo autoinformadas. Se encontró una posible asociación entre la medida del SDC evaluado por padres/madres y sexo y edad de los niños. En conclusión, los datos apoyan la inclusión de medidas autoinformadas en la evaluación del SDC. Las medidas del SDC en niños se vinculan con medidas internalizantes y, la inatención con las externalizantes., The aim was to examine, using a multi-informant approach, parent and child measures of Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and their relationship with internalising and externalising symptoms. 279 children (9-13 years old) and their parents completed assessments of the CDS, the inattention of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and other internalising and externalising measures. The items of the three measures of CDS converged reasonably well on the CDS factor. Discriminant evidence of validity of the relationships between test scores and the measures of the three different constructs (CDS, loneliness and preference for solitude) was provided. A stronger association was found between parental assessment of the measures of CDS with anxiety and depression and between inattention with hyperactivity/impulsivity and oppositional defiant disorder. The predictive ability of the measure of CDS on self-reported measures of loneliness and preference for being alone was observed. A possible association was found between parent-rated CDS measure and children's gender and age. In conclusion, the data support the inclusion of self-reported measures in assessing CDS. Measures of CDS in children are linked to other internalising measures and inattention to externalising measures.

Purpose: Social workers and health professionals play a relevant role in the detection and intervention of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW). However, these professionals may exert public stigma against IPVAW survivors, which prevents disclosure, help seeking and affects women’s health. There are no comprehensive models that explain stigma functioning in Spain. Our aim was to explore the functioning of such stigma that may be exercised by social workers and health professionals in Spain. Their perceived impact of stigma on survivors was also studied. Methods: Interviews with 18 providers were conducted and analyzed through template analysis. Results: The findings confirmed the presence of stigma and revealed that it was often unintentional. Factors about the Roots of stigma were identified (e.g., Privileged social identities or Symptom-focused role of psychology), which triggered several Myths about IPVAW and survivors (e.g., Broken toy or Survivor-profile) and Stigmatizing responses (e.g., Being paternalistic or Judging) when offering professional help. Several consequences of these myths and responses showed the perceived high Cost of stigma for survivors (e.g., Leaving support services or Internalizing stigma). Conclusions: The results confirmed the importance of effective professional training to prevent stigmatizing myths and responses. Training should reduce professionals’ patriarchal values, increase their knowledge about IPVAW, self-reflection on how personal experiences and social identity influence their practice, and self-reflection on their own practice in general. Such training should also promote an intersectional perspective on recovery, a view of survivors as agents, a contextual approach, active listening, close contact with survivors, and informed care.

It is necessary to continue identifying the predictors of anxiety symptoms in men and women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART), especially from a psychosocial perspective. For this reason, this study evaluated a mediation model that demonstrates the effect of various stressors related to infertility, as well as the variables of sex, age, social support, and sexist beliefs, on anxiety symptoms. The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of 215 infertility patients (146 women and 69 men) undergoing ART and residing in Spain. The Inventory of Infertility Problems (FPI) was used, which measures five stressors related to infertility (social, sexual and relationship concerns, rejection of a child-free lifestyle and need for parenthood). The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) were also used. Being women and perceiving less social support was associated with higher anxiety symptoms, due to the mediated effect of social, sexual and relationships concerns. Higher levels of sexist beliefs were related to greater concern about the relationship, greater rejection of a childless lifestyle and greater need for parenting. This pioneering research in Spain identifies factors predisposing to anxiety in ART patients. This evidence should be considered in infertility research and clinical practice.

This study explores the under-researched domain of long-term stimulant treatment in children and adolescents diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The necessity for extended treatment duration, often accompanied by safety concerns and side effects leading to treatment discontinuation, underscores the significance of this investigation. Concurrently, comparative studies have revealed adverse impacts on vulnerable regions within the hippocampal formation, accompanied by behavioral perturbations. We employed computerized tests and virtual reality to assess spatial memory, pattern separation, and object recognition memory in a cohort of children diagnosed with ADHD receiving stimulant treatment. We compared their performance to a group of neurotypical peers. Our findings indicate that the ADHD group exhibited a lower performance in spatial memory, pattern separation, and object recognition memory than ND group. Intriguingly, a positive relationship emerged between the duration of stimulant treatment and performance in these variables. Notably, this improvement was not immediate to MPH treatment but becomes significant after 24 months of treatment. In contrast to previous comparative investigations, our study did not reveal a detrimental impact on spatial navigation, object recognition memory, or pattern separation, despite the known interplay of these cognitive processes with the hippocampal formation. These results shed new light on the nuanced effects of stimulant treatment in ADHD, underscoring the need for a more comprehensive understanding of long-term treatment outcomes.

The aim was to explore potential explanatory factors for the three dimensions of willingness to intervene in cases of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women: police or personal involvement and noninvolvement. N = 280 students at a Spanish university (78.20% women) from the fields of educational, community, and interventions responded to a survey including the Willingness to Intervene in cases of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women and the Acceptance of Myths About Intimate partner Violence Against Women scales. Bivariate analyses and multiple linear regressions demonstrated that IPV experience implied greater personal involvement, while the higher the myth acceptance, the lower the probability of calling law enforcement. The likelihood of not intervening decreased with some IPV experience and training and lower myth acceptance. Results are discussed in terms of their relevance in developing bystander interventions.

Civic engagement is crucial in order to uphold democratic societies, however there is growing concern about a progressive decrease in youth sociopolitical participation and the existence of socioeconomic and gender inequalities, and therefore, an unequal distribution of political power. This study analyzes the influence of family socioeconomic level—both directly and indirectly through social concerns—on the adolescents’ expected sociopolitical participation as adults, from a gender perspective. The sample included 4,448 adolescents 13 to 18 year old, selected through random multistage sampling stratified by conglomerates. Results showed family material affluence to have a limited direct influence on expected sociopolitical participation, however a significant indirect impact through their concerns about social issues. Adolescents with a low socioeconomic level were more concerned about social issues, and therefore had higher expectations of socio-political participation than adolescents with a high socioeconomic level. In addition, these effects were similar for both boys and girls. Understanding how family socioeconomic status influences adolescent civic engagement and how these inequalities are reproduced among boys and girls will aid in designing interventions that promote knowledge and opportunities for participation—especially among the more disadvantaged groups—, which can reduce gender and socioeconomic gaps.

Aesthetic sensitivity in people with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) reflects the positive perception of life, especially aspects related to the arts and nature. This study is focused on the analysis of the effect of aesthetic sensitivity in relation to indicators of health-related quality of life (general health, mental health and emotional role), the personality traits openness to experience and agreeableness, and coping strategies in people with SPS. The adult participants (N = 10,520, mean age = 33.61) completed the Spanish versions of the High Sensitivity Person Scale (HSPS-S), Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), NEO Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) and Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). It was observed that people with high aesthetic sensitivity presented greater openness and agreeableness, tended to use adaptive coping strategies and showed a slightly poorer functioning in different areas of daily living. Moreover, health-related quality of life, mental health and adaptive coping strategies occupied central positions in the correlations between variables, with a positive impact between mental health and adaptive coping strategies with openness and agreeableness. Lastly, the level of aesthetic sensitivity did not play a moderator role, and it exerted no differential influence on its relationship with the analysed variables. Now, it has been found that people with high levels of aesthetic sensitivity cope more adequately, which would cushion the effect that high SPS can have on mental health, specifically on anxious and depressive symptoms. It is concluded that these findings are relevant and useful for future propositions of prevention and clinical intervention, as well as for counselling in the psychoeducational, labour and family scopes, amongst others.

Antecedentes: Aunque la versión española del del Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento (CSI) se usa frecuentemente, no se ha sometido a reevaluación psicométrica. Método: Analizamos datos del CSI aplicados a situaciones de estrés académico utilizando una muestra universitaria de 874 participantes, 50% de cada género. Llevamos a cabo análisis de fiabilidad, confirmatorios y de invarianza factorial por género. Resultados: Se confirmó la estructura factorial de primer orden, mostrando un ajuste adecuado el modelo de 8 estrategias de afrontamiento, con buenos índices de fiabilidad. No mostraron un ajuste adecuado las factorizaciones de segundo orden (centrado en el problema o en la emoción) ni de tercer orden (compromiso o retirada). Se confirmó la invarianza factorial por género. Conclusiones: Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y aplicadas de los resultados., Background: Though the Spanish version of the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) is frequently used, it has not been subjected to any significant re-evaluation from a psychometric perspective. Method: We analysed CSI data that was focused on an academic stress situation, using a university sample of 874 participants, 50% of each gender. We conducted reliability, confirmatory factor, and factorial invariance across gender analyses. Results: The first-order factorial structure was confirmed, showing an adequate fit for the eight-factor coping strategies model with good reliability indices. Neither the second-order (problem-centred vs. emotion-centred) nor third-order (engagement vs. disengagement) strategies showed an adequate fit. Factorial invariance for gender was confirmed. Conclusions: The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.

The increase in migratory flows worldwide has led to the creation of detention centers as a form of control of irregular migration. Recipient countries are responsible for protecting detainees’ right to mental health, but the literature suggests that immigration detention centers are environments associated with complex mental health needs among the detainees. This study aims to approach the mental health of people detained in the immigration detention centers in Spain, a southern border of Europe. Eighty-seven migrants coming from different Latin American and African countries were interviewed using an adaptation of the Measure of Quality of Life in Detention (MQLD; Bosworth & Gerlach, 2020) to measure the perceived detention environment and The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 (HSCL-25; Derogatis et al., 1974) to assess mental health. The results show a high prevalence of detainees with significant levels of anxiety and depression (69%) and attempts at self-harm within the detention centers (19.5%). A more positive perception of the detention environment—especially concerning institutional decency and the relationship with officers—is related to a lower degree of negative mental health symptoms. Finally, people detained for more than 2 weeks assess the detention environment more negatively than those detained for less time. Scientific contributions and social implications to ensure the mental health of detainees from a human rights-based approach are discussed.

Achieving adequate integration and success at school in the post-compulsory stages involving situations where there is a risk of social exclusion is a real identity challenge for adolescents. In this research, we used a convenience sampling and selected two high schools located in Areas in Need of Social Transformation in Seville (southern Spain). We studied the learner identity of all their students in the first and second grade of secondary postcompulsory education (N=70). These students present a trajectory of resilience, as they remained in the education system despite facing many difculties. In this exploratory research, their identity as learners was analysed through an interview applied in a focus group format (N=12), where their supports, strengths and psycho-social obstacles that facilitate/hinder their stay in the education system in the post-compulsory stage were also identifed. Results show that adolescents have a good attitude towards academic training, based on the conviction that, in the future, they will be able to achieve a higher quality of life and a rapid insertion in skilled jobs. The image students have of themselves combines a negative perception of their lack of work habits, the difculty of self-regulation and the little effort made, with a more positive view of their agency in the process, highlighting their intellectual and academic capacity and their efort when they set out to do so. Family, teachers and peers play a role in the resilience and identity construction of the adolescents, through protecting them, developing positive perceptions and expectations, stimulating control and effort and attributing successes and failures to students. Programmes based on the participation of the target group are essential for the design and improvement of psychosocial intervention programmes in these contexts.

Background: In families of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the added difficulties they face may influence their perception of family quality of life (FQoL). It is important to identify factors which foster their perceived wellbeing and are susceptible to intervention. Our aim was to explore the association between mindful attention and FQoL in these families controlling their perceived social support. Method: Ninety-six parents of people with ASD were evaluated using the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), the Support Questionnaire for Parents with Children with Disability, and the Spanish Family Quality of Life Scale for families with underage members with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Results: Multiple regression analyses revealed that high levels of mindful attention positively predicted FQoL after controlling the influence of social support. Conclusions: Practical implications are discussed in terms of family support interventions. We conclude that mindful attention interventions may be useful for families with children and adolescents with ASD to improve their FQoL.

In this study, we explored the impact of caregiving on quality of life and health perceptions and outlined the profile of grandparent caregivers in Andalusia (Spain) in terms of a range of sociodemographic variables related to the care of their grandchildren. A sample of 171 participants (21.6% men) completed the Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) questionnaire and another ad hoc one providing sociodemographic and caregiving data. We studied the relationships between these variables and HRQoL using ANOVA, chi-square and Multiple Linear Regression. We found a mainly female profile for the care of grandchildren and interesting relationships for the physical and mental components of HRQoL. Some relationships were marked by gender: caregiving for pleasure was more often the motive for men while by imposition was more common among women. We discuss the impact of caregiving on health according to the Self-Determination Theory and suggest practical implications derived from the main findings.

In this research, a prepulse inhibition task was carried out in which subjects were treated with a psychostimulant, methylphenidate (MPH), acutely and chronically in a population of Wistar rats. The dataset contains all the data from a sample of 56 Wistar rats (females and males). These data include the prepulses, pulses and phase of the estrous cycle in which the females were in the different prepulse inhibition sessions.

Predictive coding framework posits that our brain continuously monitors changes in the environment and updates its predictive models, minimizing prediction er-rors to efficiently adapt to environmental demands. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms of these predictive phenomena remain unclear. The present study aimed to explore the systemic neurophysiological correlates of predictive coding processes during passive and active auditory processing. Electroencephalography (EEG), functional near- infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), and autonomic nervous system (ANS) measures were analyzed using an audi-tory pattern- based novelty oddball paradigm. A sample of 32 healthy subjects was recruited. The results showed shared slow evoked potentials between passive and active conditions that could be interpreted as automatic predictive processes of anticipation and updating, independent of conscious attentional effort. A disso-ciated topography of the cortical hemodynamic activity and distinctive evoked potentials upon auditory pattern violation were also found between both condi-tions, whereas only conscious perception leading to imperative responses was accompanied by phasic ANS responses. These results suggest a systemic- level hi-erarchical reallocation of predictive coding neural resources as a function of con-textual demands in the face of sensory stimulation. Principal component analysis permitted to associate the variability of some of the recorded signals.

Background: Unemployment is an obstacle in recovery for people with severe mental illnesses (SMI), both in reducing psychopathological symptoms and in achieving a high quality of life. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of an internship program for people diagnosed with SMI on psychosocial variables using a pre-test and post-test design. Method: Four scales were administered to a sample of 127 study participants, all of whom were diagnosed with SMI. The results of standard and sheltered employment outcomes were obtained by comparing the number and type of contracts gained by participants up to one year after program completion. A repeated measures ANOVA analysis was carried out with intervention being an independent intra-subject variable and type of participant diagnosis being a between-subjects variable. Results: a limited increase in social functioning was found, as well as a significant decrease in psychiatric distress for users diagnosed with personality disorders. Participants in the internship program obtained a greater number of employment contracts than their peers who did not participate in the program, albeit with a low effect size. Conclusions: Though results were positive, extension of internship length and provision of more intensive counselling for participants may be useful.

Public stigmatization of women victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) has begun to be studied because of its negative impact on recovery from violence. This systematic review aimed to analyze such stigmatization in low and middle-income countries (LAMIC) by identifying social norms and perceptions linked to public stigmatizing responses, such responses, negative consequences of those responses on victims, and other factors associated with public stigma. Following PRISMA guidelines, five databases were searched using “stigma” and multiple synonyms of IPV as keywords. Selected articles were empirical, written in English, published in peer-reviewed journals, and reported findings on public stigma toward women victims of IPV that had occurred in LAMIC. Nineteen articles met the inclusion criteria. Patriarchal gender roles, normalization of IPV and the consideration of violence as a private matter were the most prevalent social norms among the studies. These led to blaming, isolating and discriminating against the victim, making her feel ashamed, considering her less valuable than before suffering IPV, and dismissing or denying the abuse. Many negative consequences were identified. Anticipated public stigma, associated with not disclosing the abuse and not seeking help, was the most popular. Public stigmatization was stronger when other public stigmas intersected and in the case of disadvantaged social circumstances. Consequences were diminished by protective factors such as informal support and gender-based violence support services. This review provides a global vision for future research in each specific sociocultural context and is a first step in the design of anti-stigma programs in LAMIC.

In this research, we used a convenience sampling and selected two high schools located in Areas in Need of Social Transformation in Seville (southern Spain). We studied the learner identity of all their students in the first and second grade of secondary postcompulsory education (N = 70). These students present a trajectory of resilience, as they remained in the education system despite facing many difficulties. In this exploratory research, their identity as learners was analysed through an interview applied in a focus group format (N = 12), where their supports, strengths and psycho-social obstacles that facilitate/ hinder their stay in the education system in the post-compulsory stage were also identified. Datasets show the instrument used for data collection, consisting of the LIRESI semi-structured interview script to be applied in focus groups, as well as the coding manual for the responses obtained in the interviews (narratives of the participants), that were fully transcribed.

We have focused on the analyses of the most negative memories of a particular group of doctors related to their work experience. After interviewing 24 professionals of different specialties, their narratives were analyzed using the criteria of specificity, agency, and theme of the memory. Most memories were considered specific as they were vividly remembered with attention to detail. Men have more narratives linked to agency, while the majority of women develop narratives linked to communion. Furthermore, five clearly differentiated topics were observed regarding the professional’s degree of experience. A qualitative analysis of the memories of these professionals, as well as a description of the appropriation process of the discursive features is presented. The dimensions of analysis of the responses included in the Dataset are described in the Coding Manual.

Migration can be understood as a breach in life experience, creating a transition, and identity narratives as a strategy to repair this breach. Our study focuses on how two classical dilemmas that characterize this process are navigated in the narrative of migration of the participant (An Ecuadorian migrant woman in Andalusia): self vs. others, and continuity of the self over time, despite changes. A semi-structured interview was conducted to achieve the objectives of the study. The interview was transcribed and analyzed on three axes: 1) Migration settings, identifying the dominant spaces of interaction where the migration narrative takes place; 2) Migration I-positions and voices, identifying the I-positions and voices involved in the narrative; and 3) Continuities and discontinuities in the identity narrative. The results demonstrated that the main settings and positions in the narrative were related to nationality, gender, and religion in relation to the dilemmas of self vs. others and continuity vs. change. These positions help the participant negotiate self-continuity in front of the changes associated with migration and the resistance against xenophobic discourses and positions in the host country. Results support the analysis of the transition processes associated to migration based on the concept of proculturation.

Se analizó cómo la familiaridad que los adultos tenían con la enfermedad mental y la valoración más o menos positiva de sus experiencias al respecto influían en el estigma de los menores a su cargo. El estigma fue medido en términos de negación de ayuda por parte de los niños hacia un igual con enfermedad mental. La muestra fue de 56 niños de sexto de primaria y un tutor legal de cada uno. Se empleó el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children, la escala Level Of Familiarity y una escala de Likert para la valoración. Se halló una correlación positiva y estadísticamente significativa entre la familiaridad de los adultos y el estigma de los menores. A mayor familiaridad, menor estigma. Se debatió si las actitudes estigmatizantes medidas lo serían realmente o no en la infancia, siendo recomendable seguir profundizando al respecto y validar el Attribution Questionnaire–8 for Children en España.

Cross-cultural differences in autobiographical memory (AM) are associated with cultural variations. in models of the self and parental reminiscing style, but not many studies have analysed the relationship between AM and specific cultural practices such as formal schooling. Theoreticians like Greenfield (2009), Kağitçibaşi (2005) and Keller (2007) have considered formal schooling as an engine towards the model of independence; however, the empirical evidence in this regard is inconclusive: while some studies found evidence of a relation between formal schooling and characteristics of AM, others did not. To solve this inconsistency, the present study compared orally narrated childhood memories of Mexican adults with three different levels of education (from rudimentary literacy to university). Results support a relationship between formal schooling and AM in the predicted direction: More educated participants reported longer, more specific and more self-oriented memories than those with less schooling experience did. Some gender differences were also observed, with males generally reporting more individually and less socially oriented memories than females, except for university level participants. We conclude that these results support Greenfield’s theory about formal schooling as a sociocultural factor that promotes the cultural pathway to independence, as well as complexity and context-boundedness of gender differences in AM. The dimensions of analysis of the responses included in the Dataset are described in the Coding Manual.

There is vast amount of research that links implicit theories of intelligence with several learning-relevant variables in both learners and teachers alike. However, there is a gap in the literature, as there is almost no research done with university teachers. Furthermore, most scientific research polarizes incremental and fixed views of intelligence in spite of data that show there is heterogeneity in participants’ views. This study explores the implicit theories of intelligence of university teachers. The sample comprised 20 university teachers (10 men and 10 women) from the University of Seville. Four participants were selected from each field of knowledge, according to the category system in place at the university in question, namely: Arts and Humanities (A&H), Sciences (S), Health Sciences (HS), Social and Legal Sciences (S&LS), and Engineering and Architecture (E&A). Also, the selection process ensured that half the participants had less than 15 years' teaching experience at the university and the other half more than 15 years' experience. A semi-structured interview called "Views on Intelligence within the Educational Field" was designed. Participants were asked to express their opinión about several small vignettes regarding intelligence. The instrument comprises short cases or vignettes, highlighting different dimensions of intelligence. We identified 12 relevant dimensions in which a view on intelligence could be expressed and contextualized. They were: Control, Heredity, Effort, Culture, Training, Critical Period, Context, Expectations, Associated Qualities, People, Gender, and Diversity of Intelligence. Data from interviews were analysed employing a category system designed to capture heterogeneity. The utterances were segmented and analyzed using a coding manual. From the units of meaning extracted from the participant’s responses, we constructed 116 different categories related to intelligence. These categories were later organized into 18 different t

We took an approach to educational resilience based on the analysis of learner identity of students that present a trajectory of resilience in severely impoverished neighborhoods. The sample consisted of 132 students from such at-risk neighborhoods, who, despite this risk, completed mandatory secondary education successfully and continue their education beyond that level. They were administered a modified version of the Twenty Statements Test (TST) to measure current and possible selves related to their learner identity. The organization of the self, the emotional valence, the plane of action, the thematic reference, and thematic self-continuity were analyzed, as well as possible selves’ relationship with grade level, gender, and parental formal education. The dimensions of analysis of the responses to the TST included in the Dataset are described in the TST Coding Manual.

This research project aims to measure and analyze the heterogeneity of university teachers’ conceptions of intelligence. To this end, we have developed a new method of analysis: Heterogeneity by Contradiction Analysis (HCA). We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 university teachers, presenting them with a series of short cases or vignettes depicting different facets of intelligence. Based on the discourse elicited, we first created a category system. Then, we pre-defined a series of possible contradictions among pairs of categories. Using these pre-defined contradictions, a systematic sampling of theoretical contradictions could be obtained from the discourse. Finally, a researcher reviewed these sampled contradictions in order to find and code real contradictions, which were later analyzed.

La reflexión es un componente vital en las prácticas docentes profesionales. La idea de la que parte la reflexión misma es la importancia de la agencia de los futuros docentes en su propio desarrollo profesional. Nuestro estudio tiene sus raíces en investigaciones recientes sobre la necesidad de apoyar procesos de reflexión entre los estudiantes de magisterio. Desde una perspectiva histórico-cultural, nuestro objetivo es analizar las interacciones discursivas que tienen lugar durante los seminarios colaborativos en una experiencia de innovación dentro de un Prácticum reflexivo, y describir cómo los tutores universitarios apoyan y fomentan la reflexión sobre la práctica. Utilizamos un diseño de casos múltiples en el que cada caso es una unidad de aula formada por una tutora y sus alumnos. El Dataset aporta los informes preliminares de dos de estos casos, con los análisis descritos por objetivos. Cada uno de los casos está descrito en tres partes, que se corresponden con la descripción de los resultados correspondientes a los diferentes análisis realizados, la caracterización de los casos estudiados en función de la formulación de los objetivos del proyecto y la descripción del propósito compartido de la reflexión que construyen conjuntamente los participantes en el caso.

Introduction: There is a gap in the literature on the romantic relationships of adopted adolescents. To address this issue, the present study has three aims: (1) to explore differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents in terms of their involvement in and the length of their romantic relationships; (2) to explore the quality of these relationships; and (3) to analyze associations between affective relationships and well‐being in both groups. Method: The sample comprised 276 adopted (64.5% girls; mean age 16.3 years, 73.9% international adoptees) and 276 non‐adopted (48.3% girls; mean age 16.3 years) adolescents, all of whom participated in the Spanish Health Behaviour in School‐aged Children survey. Results: Similar romantic relationship rates and lengths were found among adoptees and non‐adoptees, as well as between international and domestic adoptees. Adoptees reported more emotional support and conflicts in their romantic relationships than their non‐adopted peers. Finally, associations between the quality of the romantic relationships and well‐being were similar for both groups, with more conflicts being linked to lower levels of well‐being, and more emotional support and affection correlating with higher levels of well‐being. Discussion: The data suggest more similarities than differences between adopted and non‐adopted adolescents. However, although this indicates that romantic relation- ships are yet another example of recovery for adopted boys and girls, further research is required, with larger and more diverse samples from multiple countries, to explore the differences observed in more detail

Background: The utilization of methylphenidate (MPH) is experiencing a notable surge within the adult population. This growth can be attributed to two key factors: its recreational and cognitive enhancement purposes, as well as the rising prevalence of ADHD diagnoses within this population. This study examined acute and chronic oral MPH effects on attention in male and female Wistar rats. To this end, we used a prepulse inhibition (PPI) task, which is widely used to assess psychoactive drug effects in both humans and rodents. This task allowed us to evaluate changes in attention by analyzing sensorimotor gating associated with stimulus selection process. Methods: Animals were administered a clinically relevant dose of MPH (5 mg/kg) daily for seven days. The estrous cycle phases of the female rats were measured during behavioral sessions. The PPI task was conducted 20 min after drug administration on day 1 (acute), day 7 (chronic), and 48 h post-treatment. Results: Results indicated that both acute and chronic MPH treatment impaired PPI expression in male rats, but not in female rats, regardless of their estrous cycle phase. Furthermore, a differential effect of chronic MPH treatment on the PPI task was found in male rats. Specifically, on the seventh treatment day, the PPI effect was observed when animals undertook the PPI task for the first time but was impaired in those animals in which the initial PPI session occurred under the acute influence of the drug (day 1). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the impact of MPH on sensorimotor gating responses may vary based on sex and task experience, possibly leading to state-dependent effects in healthy individuals.

The dataset comprises: - 3 appendices related to instruments to obtain memories: the table for the construction of the instrument, the personal memories interview (translated from Spanish), and the recording authorization form - A document with examples of memories narrative (in Spanish) - A data file from 96 participants, focusing on: 1) 3 between-groups variables: educational level, gender, and generation; and 2) A range of dependent variables derived from the analysis of participants' memories from three different life periods: childhood, youth, and adulthood. These dependent variables encompass the proportions of predicates related to actions, mental states (cognitive, intentional, or emotional/affective predicates), and metacognitive expressions, and the ratios of self vs. others mentions.

La presencia de áreas especializadas en la generación de respuestas motoras y en el control motor es una característica definitoria del neocórtex de los mamíferos. Sin embargo, coexisten varias hipótesis contrapuestas acerca del origen evolutivo de estas áreas motoras corticales y las vías motoras descendentes. Mientras algunos autores defienden que los mecanismos corticales para el control motor son una adquisición reciente en los mamíferos, otros sostienen que la presencia de un palio somatomotor es un rasgo antiguo compartido por todos los vertebrados. Este trabajo tiene como principal objetivo aportar evidencias acerca de la evolución del sistema motor de los vertebrados mediante el estudio del papel del palio telencefálico de la carpa dorada en el control motor. En primer lugar, mediante la técnica de registro óptico con fluorocromos sensibles al voltaje, se identificó funcionalmente un área somatosensorial ubicada en la región más caudal del área Dm. Mediante estudios de lesión se observó que la lesión de esta área no produce déficits en el desempeño de una tarea motora compleja previamente aprendida que implicó el aprendizaje de una secuencia de ajustes posturales y movimientos coordinados de la musculatura axial del cuerpo, las aletas y la boca, ni tampoco se observaron déficits en el proceso de aprendizaje de esta tarea motora. Finalmente, mediante la técnica de microestimulación eléctrica intracerebral localizada, mostramos que el palio de la carpa dorada no está involucrado en la generación de respuestas motoras de manera similar a cómo lo están estructuras premotoras típicas como el techo óptico. Sin embargo, los resultados mostraron que la activación del palio de la carpa dorada produjo respuestas emocionales y viscerales, como alteraciones de la tasa cardíaca (bradicardia) y la adquisición del aprendizaje de evitación al lugar en el que se producía la estimulación. En conclusión, estos resultados, no respaldan la hipótesis del origen ancestral de las f

Studies of intervention programs that aim to improve the emotional state of parents of children admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (NICU) are scarce in Spain. The aims of this single-arm pilot study are to get to know the emotional profile of parents of high-risk preterm newborns, and to explore parents' patterns of emotional well-being before and after a psychological program called the Parental Empowerment Program, to increase parental readiness levels. The sample was made up of 100 parents (50 couples) who participated in the program. Measurements were taken of post-traumatic stress, depression, and resilience at 1 month and 12 months. Repeated measurements and dyadic data analyses were performed. One month after the birth of the baby and prior to the start of the program, mothers show more symptoms of stress and depression than fathers. After the intervention, both parents experienced improvements in their mood levels. The evidence obtained seems to show that high resilience levels and low post-traumatic stress symptoms are associated with reduced depression levels after implementing the program. However, the heterogeneity of the responses obtained, the observed associations between stress, resilience, and maternal depression, along with the reciprocal influence between maternal and paternal depression 1 year after the intervention, highlight the need for a more in-depth exploration of the interplay between risk and protective factors in this population. Despite the identified potential threats to validity, further work in this direction is recommended, including the implementation of clinical trials to demonstrate intervention efficacy. The adaptation of the parents' mutual emotional adjustment at each stage would allow them to participate more actively in the baby's care.

Datos brutos correspondientes a los experimentos 1, 2 y 3 del artículo titulado "Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects of Sodium Valproate with Different Experimental Paradigms in Male and Female Rats"., Raw data correspondent to experiments 1, 2 y 3 and from the paper entitled "Anxiolytic and Sedative Effects of Sodium Valproate with Different Experimental Paradigms in Male and Female Rats".

The development of brain oscillatory responses and their possible role in the working memory (WM) performance of children, adolescents and young adults was investigated. A set of 0- and 1-back tasks with letter stimuli were administered to a final sample of 131 subjects (between 6 and 20 years of age). A decrease in response times (RTs) and an increase of the sensitivity index d-prime (d') were seen with increased age. RTs increased and d' decreased with load, indicating higher difficulty for higher loads. Event-related synchronization (ERS) and event-related desynchronization (ERD) were obtained by the convolution of Morlet wavelets on the recorded EEG. Statistical analyses were performed of the absolute and relative power of brain oscillations defined by topography, frequency and latency. Posterior alpha and beta ERD, and frontocentral theta ERS, were induced by the stimuli presented during the n-back task. While relative theta ERS increased with age, absolute theta ERS, absolute and relative alpha and, absolute beta ERD, decreased with age. Age-related improvement in behavioral performance was mediated by relative theta. Alpha and beta ERD were more pronounced for the most difficult task (1-back) and for the target condition. Globally, there was high consistency of the effects of target type and task load across development. Theta ERS maturation is a crucial step for improving WM performance during development, while alpha and beta ERD maturation seem to be less critical for behavioral performance improvement with age, possibly due to a sufficient level of alpha-beta ERD for good performance in young children.

Actualmente no existe una definición consensuada sobre qué son los discursos de odio, por lo que se hace necesario identificar las condiciones que hacen a los individuos o los grupos ser receptores de discursos de odio, de cara a evaluar las medidas que se están tomando para prevenirlos y para contrarrestar sus efectos. Así pues, el objetivo de esta revisión sistemática (RS) es realizar un análisis exhaustivo sobre cuáles son las condiciones que llevan a ser objeto de los discursos de odio (por parte de la comunidad científica, las administraciones públicas y las organizaciones no gubernamentales), a nivel nacional e internacional. Como estrategias de búsqueda y fuentes de obtención de los datos se ha consultado en las bases de datos Web of Science (WOS), ERIC, PsycInfo, y en literatura gris. La RS se realizó en octubre de 2021, incluyendo documentos del año en curso en el momento de la redacción del informe. Se ha elaborado un listado de más de cincuenta condiciones que llevan a ser receptores de los discursos de odio. Se ha concluido que los discursos de odio son una construcción histórico-cultural que dependen del contexto, de la historia y de variables psicológicas y sociales, por lo que no pueden considerarse ni universales ni atemporales. En el ámbito socio educativo es necesario visibilizar los discursos de odio tolerados y analizar los discursos de odio que se observan en el grupo participante, para partir de esos discursos y después trabajar sobre otros discursos de odio durante el proceso.

Los resultados aportan mediciones de la actividad gamma tanto fase como no fase obtenida mediante la técnica "Temporal Spectral Evolution (TSE)". Se aportan datos de latencia, amplitud y exportaciones de mapas para correlaciones topográficas en formato excel. Los datos corresponden a sujetos sanos en dos mediciones temporales para evaluar replicabilidad, ante un paradigma "oddball visual".