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The present study examined the limitations on the role of associations responsible for the agribusiness segment in Western Bahia as regards issues that affect the region in their social, environmental and economic dimensions. It was a multiple-case, qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, in which the limitations of responsible performance of each association were analyzed from the contrast between what has been done in the field of actions/projects, raised through interviews with managers of associations and documentary research, and the major issues affecting the region in its dimensions, identified from the questionnaires to social workers and documentary research. The results show that none of these associations have any initiative to address the problems of all dimensions examined, and none of the identified initiatives cater fully to any area of any of these dimensions. It appears also that the set of limitations around the responsible performance of organizations is subject to the form of development that has subsidized expressive performance of the sector and allowed for the proliferation of a range of social and environmental problems that reveal the unsustainability of the region over time. Este estudio analiza las limitaciones a la acción responsable de las asociaciones del segmento de agro negocios en el Oeste de Bahia en comparación con los problemas que afectan a la región en su dimensión social, ambiental y económica. Es un estudio de caso múltiple, cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, en el que se analiza las limitaciones de la actuación responsable de cada asociación del contraste entre lo que se ha hecho en el campo de las acciones / proyectos, se levantó a través de entrevistas semi - estructuradas con los responsables de las asociaciones y la investigación documental, y los principales problemas que afectan a la región en sus dimensiones, identificados a partir de los cuestionarios a los agentes sociales y la investigación documental. Los resultados muestran que ninguna asociación tiene iniciativas para abordar los problemas de todas las dimensiones analizadas, y ninguna de las iniciativas identificadas responde plenamente a cualquier área de cualquiera de estas dimensiones. El conjunto de restricciones de todo el desempeño responsable de las organizaciones está sujeto a la forma de desarrollo que ha subvencionado la interpretación expresiva del sector y promovido la proliferación de una serie de problemas ambientales que revelan la insostenibilidad de la región a través del tiempo. O presente estudo analisou as limitações de atuação responsável das associações do segmento de agronegócio do oeste da Bahia frente às problemáticas que afetam a região em suas dimensões social, ambiental e econômica. É um estudo de casos múltiplos, de natureza qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, em que foram analisadas as limitações da atuação responsável de cada associação a partir do contraponto entre o que se tem realizado no campo das ações/ projetos, levantados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com os gestores das associações e pesquisa documental, e os principais problemas que afetam a região em suas dimensões, identificados a partir da aplicação de questionários a agentes sociais e pesquisa documental. Os resultados evidenciam que nenhuma associação tem iniciativas que atendam aos problemas de todas as dimensões analisadas, nem as iniciativas identificadas atendem integralmente a nenhuma área de qualquer uma dessas dimensões. O conjunto das limitações em torno da atuação responsável das organizações está condicionado à forma de desenvolvimento que tem subsidiado o desempenho expressivo do setor e promovido a proliferação de uma gama de problemas socioambientais que revelam a não sustentabilidade da região ao longo do tempo.

Assessing soil quality under different cover crops or different management systems is essential to its conservation. This study aimed to evaluate an Oxisol cultivated with corn and cotton, after different crop successions and under no-tillage system (NTS) and conventional tillage system (CT), through the soil quality index (SQI), using an area of native Cerrado as reference. The study was carried out in the municipality of Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Western Bahia, Brazil. Soil samples with the preserved and non-preserved structure were collected in the layers of 0-0.05 m, 0.05-0.10 m, and 0.10-0.20 m to determine the macroporosity, the soil bulk density, the available water, the levels of total organic carbon, the clay dispersed in water, and the degree of flocculation. The averages of the attributes measured in the treatments and the soil quality index, which was elaborated by the method of deviations of the values of the attributes measured in the treatments concerning the reference area, followed by normalization, were compared by the Duncan test (p ≤ 0.05). The soil under CT, in all treatments, had its quality reduced when compared to the NTS. Also, the SQI used was sensitive to detect the changes caused by the management systems and assign consistent scores to the evaluated soil quality. RESUMO Avaliar a qualidade dos solos sob diferentes culturas de cobertura ou sob diferentes sistemas de manejo torna-se essencial à sua conservação. Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar um Oxisol cultivado com milho e algodão, após diferentes sucessões culturas e sob sistema plantio direto (SPD) e plantio convencional (PC), por meio de índice de qualidade do solo (IQS), utilizando como referência uma área de Cerrado nativo. O estudo foi realizado no município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Oeste da Bahia, Brasil. Amostras de solo com estrutura preservada e não preservada foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-0,05 m; 0,05-0,10 m e 0,10-0,20 m, para determinação da macroporosidade, densidade do solo, água disponível, teores de carbono orgânico total, argila dispersa em água e grau de floculação. As médias dos atributos mensurados nos tratamentos e o índice de qualidade do solo, que foi elaborado pelo método dos desvios dos valores dos atributos medidos nos tratamentos em relação à área de referência, seguido da normalização, foram comparados pelo teste de Duncan (p ≤ 0,05). O solo sob PC, em todos os tratamentos, teve a sua qualidade reduzida quando comparado com o SPD, além disso, o IQS utilizado foi sensível para detectar as alterações provocadas pelos sistemas de manejo e atribuir escores coerentes à qualidade do solo avaliado.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-07-01 Background. The necessity of a competent vector for transmission is a primary ecological factor driving the host range expansion of plant arthropod-borne viruses, with vectors playing an essential role in disease emergence. Cassava begomoviruses severely constrain cassava production in Africa. Curiously, begomoviruses have never been reported in cassava in South America, the center of origin for this crop. It has been hypothesized that the absence of a competent vector in cassava is the reason why begomoviruses have not emerged in South America. Methods. We performed a country-wide whitefly diversity study in cassava in Brazil. Adults and/or nymphs of whiteflies were collected from sixty-six cassava fields in the main agroecological zones of the country. A total of 1,385 individuals were genotyped based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I sequences. Results. A high species richness was observed, with five previously described species and two putative new ones. The prevalent species were Tetraleurodes acaciae and Bemisia tuberculata, representing over 75% of the analyzed individuals. Although we detected, for the first time, the presence of Bemisia tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 (BtMEAM1) colonizing cassava in Brazil, it was not prevalent. The species composition varied across regions, with fields in the Northeast region showing a higher diversity. These results expand our knowledge of whitefly diversity in cassava and support the hypothesis that begomovirus epidemics have not occurred in cassava in Brazil due to the absence of competent vector populations. However, they indicate an ongoing adaptation process of BtMEAM1 to cassava, increasing the likelihood of begomovirus emergence in this crop. Dep. de Fitopatologia/BIOAGRO Universidade Federal de Viçosa, MG Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP Faculdade de Engenharia Agronômica Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Instituto Federal do Sudeste de Minas Gerais, MG Dep. de Fitotecnia Universidade Federal do Piauí, PI Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, PA Dep. de Fitotecnia e Fitossanidade Universidade Federal do Paraná, PR Centro de Ciências Agroveterinárias Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, SC Centro Multidisciplinar do Campus de Barra Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, BA Centro de Ciências Agrárias/Fitossanidade Universidade Federal de Alagoas, AL Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, GO Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa e Extensão Rural, ES Faculdade de Engenharia Florestal Universidade Federal do Pará, PA Dep. de Proteção Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, SP

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar parâmetros físicos e hídricos de um Latossolo de textura franco-arenosa, cultivado com milho sob plantio convencional (PC) e sistema plantio direto (SPD) no Cerrado do Oeste da Bahia, Brasil. O estudo foi conduzido em área experimental situada no município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia (BA). Os tratamentos foram, T1: Milho (M) sob Plantio Convencional (PC); T2: M sob Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) em consórcio com Braquiária (B); T3: M sob SPD em consórcio com B em sucessão à Soja (S), Milheto (Mt) e Algodão (A); e T4: sob SPD em consórcio com Crotalária (C), utilizando como referência uma área de Cerrado Nativo (CN), de fitofisionomia de Campo Sujo. As amostras foram coletadas nas camadas 0,00 a 0,05 m; 0,05 a 0,10 m e 0,10 a 0,20 m e foram utilizadas para determinar a porosidade total (Pt); a macroporosidade (Ma); a microporosidade (Mi); a densidade do solo (Ds) e a disponibilidade de água (AD) por meio da curva de retenção de água no solo (CRA); as frações granulométricas e os teores de carbono orgânico total (COT). A diferença dos valores dos atributos medidos nos tratamentos foi, primeiramente, utilizada para verificar o incremento (+) ou a redução (-) do atributo em relação ao CN (?ref, %). Em seguida, os tratamentos foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de 5% significância, bem como à análise de correlação de Pearson para avaliação das relações entre os atributos. O SPD promoveu a qualidade do solo, pelo aumento do carbono orgânico total, do grau de floculação, do conteúdo de água disponível e da microporosidade, além de ter reduzido o teor de argila dispersa em água. Contudo, apresentou maior densidade e resistência a penetração, menor macroporosidade e porosidade total, sem prejuízos para o crescimento e o desenvolvimento das plantas. Assim sendo, conclui-se que o SPD é capaz de promover a estruturação, a qualidade e as funções do solo enquanto recurso natural essencial à vida. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T18:11:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5126.pdf: 1275057 bytes, checksum: d6e16f806bd774f685802ff17ca4cf2e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

A ação antrópica sobre o solo comumente resulta em degradação desse recurso natural, em grande parte devido às práticas agrícolas inadequadas. Portanto, torna-se imprescindível a adoção de alternativas mitigadoras da degradação do solo, haja vista sua estreita relação com o manejo utilizado. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade de um Latossolo Amarelo Distrófico de textura franca-arenosa, cultivado com soja sob plantio convencional (S_PC) e direto (S¬_SPD) no Cerrado (Savana) da região Oeste da Bahia, Brasil. Para a avaliação foram utilizados como indicadores da qualidade do solo a argila dispersa em água (ADA), o grau de floculação (GF), o grau de dispersão (GD), o carbono orgânico total (COT), o carbono da biomassa microbiana do solo (C-MBS) e o quociente microbiano (qMic). O estudo foi desenvolvido em experimento conduzido na estação Experimental da Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento do Oeste Baiano, município de Luís Eduardo Magalhães, Bahia, Brasil. Os tratamentos consistiram em parcelas de soja cultivadas sob plantio convencional e direto. Como referência, amostras de solo foram coletadas em uma área de Cerrado nativo (CN) de fitofisionomia campo sujo, adjacente à área experimental. A tratamento S_PC promoveu aumento nos valores de ADA e o GD do solo, enquanto os valores do GF, COT BMS e qMIC foram reduzidos. Em contraste, no S_SPD, os teores de ADA e o GD do solo foram reduzidos, enquanto o GF, o COT, a BMS e o qMic foram promovidos, evidenciando a capacidade e importância do SPD em favorecer a qualidade do solo. O GF do solo relaciona-se positivamente com o COT, que é reduzido sob plantio convencional, evidenciando a importância do sistema plantio direto, como sistema capaz de promover a floculação, a biologia e a qualidade do solo. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T18:11:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5125.pdf: 1063145 bytes, checksum: 0b6b2a5b2f0125f8159429f5759931fa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar um Latossolo Vermelho-amarelo de textura Franca-arenosa no Oeste da Bahia, Brasil, cultivado com soja (S) sob plantio convencional (PC) e sistema plantio direto (SPD), utilizando como parâmetros, o Carbono Orgânico Total (COT), a Biomassa Microbiana do Solo (BMS), a Respiração Basal do Solo (RBS), o Quociente Microbiano (qMic), o Quociente Metabólico (qCO2), a Densidade do Solo (Ds) e os Estoques de Carbono (Est_C). O delineamento experimental foi de casualização por blocos com quatro repetições sendo os tratamentos T1: Soja sob Plantio Convencional (S_PC) e T2: Soja sob Sistema Plantio Direto (S _SPD), tendo como referência, um Cerrado nativo (CN), de fitofisionomia 'Campo sujo', adjacente à área experimental. Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas 0,00 a 0,05; 0,05 a 0,10 e 0,10 a 0,20 m. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan ao nível de significância de p = 0,05. Os resultados evidenciam que o SPD, em relação ao PC, promove os valores do COT, da BMS, do qMic e reduz os valores de qCO2 nas camadas do solo avaliado. Além disso, o SPD promoveu os valores dos Est_C, contrastando com os valores observados no solo sob PC. Conclui-se que a SPD melhora a qualidade do solo em comparação ao PC, porque favorece os estoques de carbono. Made available in DSpace on 2019-11-07T18:10:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5124.pdf: 1161576 bytes, checksum: 99531d2ad1edde59576acb594b94dc2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

The classification of the legume family proposed here addresses the long-known non-monophyly of the traditionally recognised subfamily Caesalpinioideae, by recognising six robustly supported monophyletic subfamilies. This new classification uses as its framework the most comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of legumes to date, based on plastid matK gene sequences, and including near-complete sampling of genera (698 of the currently recognised 765 genera) and ca. 20% (3696) of known species. The matK gene region has been the most widely sequenced across the legumes, and in most legume lineages, this gene region is sufficiently variable to yield well-supported clades. This analysis resolves the same major clades as in other phylogenies of whole plastid and nuclear gene sets (with much sparser taxon sampling). Our analysis improves upon previous studies that have used large phylogenies of the Leguminosae for addressing evolutionary questions, because it maximises generic sampling and provides a phylogenetic tree that is based on a fully curated set of sequences that are vouchered and taxonomically validated. The phylogenetic trees obtained and the underlying data are available to browse and download, facilitating subsequent analyses that require evolutionary trees. Here we propose a new community-endorsed classification of the family that reflects the phylogenetic structure that is consistently resolved and recognises six subfamilies in Leguminosae: a recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae DC., Cercidoideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Detarioideae Burmeist., Dialioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), Duparquetioideae Legume Phylogeny Working Group (stat. nov.), and Papilionoideae DC. The traditionally recognised subfamily Mimosoideae is a distinct clade nested within the recircumscribed Caesalpinioideae and is referred to informally as the mimosoid clade pending a forthcoming formal tribal and/or clade-based classification of the new Caesalpinioideae. We provide a key for subfamily identification, descriptions with diagnostic charactertistics for the subfamilies, figures illustrating their floral and fruit diversity, and lists of genera by subfamily. This new classification of Leguminosae represents a consensus view of the international legume systematics community; it invokes both compromise and practicality of use.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:58:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The prostate is an important gland that contributes to the male reproductive process, producing secretions that are essential for maintaining ideal conditions for the survival of sperm. Studies indicate a wide variation in the occurrence, morphology, and physiology of this gland in mammals, especially in bats, with this variation being related not only to the number of regions and their degree of compaction/lobulation but also to fluctuations in their functioning throughout the year. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the annual morphological and physiological variations of the male prostate of Artibeus lituratus and analyze their responses to annual abiotic variations and hormonal control. Sixty sexually adult males of A. lituratus were analyzed in this study, with five specimens collected monthly. Blood samples were submitted to serum hormone measurements and the prostates were morphologically, morphometrically, and immunohistochemically analyzed. The results indicated that the two prostatic regions (ventral and dorsal) of A. lituratus had different morphology, as well as different physiology and regulation. Annual fluctuations in abiotic factors seemed to influence the dorsal region more than the ventral region. Conversely, variations on testicular factors, such as testosterone and estradiol, influenced the ventral region more than the dorsal region. Despite these differences, both prostatic regions were strongly synchronized to the main reproductive peak of the species in September. The holocrine pattern of the ventral prostate was not directly affected by abiotic factors or by factors released by the testes. Center of Biological and Health Science UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José do Rio Preto Department of Histology and Embryology UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José do Rio Preto Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T17:19:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Bats are flying mammals distributed worldwide known to host several types of Coronavirus (CoV). Since they were reported as the probable source of spillover of highly pathogenic CoV into the human population, investigating the circulation of this virus in bats around the world became of great importance. We analyzed samples from 103 bats from two distinct regions in Brazil. Coronavirus from the Alphacoronavirus genus was detected in 12 animals, 11 from São José do Rio Preto—SP region and 1 from Barreiras—BA region, resulting in a prevalence of 17.18% and 2.56% respectively. The virus was detected not only in intestines but also in lungs and liver. Phylogenetic analysis based on nsP12 genomic region suggests that the sequences group according to host family and sampling location. Studies on the circulation of these viruses in bats remain important to understand the ecology and evolutionary relationship of these pathogens. Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) - Campus de São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS) Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB), Rua Professor José Seabra de Lemos, 316, Recanto dos Pássaros Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), Avenida Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 5416, Vila São Pedro Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE) Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP) - Campus de São José do Rio Preto, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth

Resumo A termografia de infravermelho constitui atualmente uma importante ferramenta nas inspeções de edifícios, principalmente na identificação e no diagnóstico de patologias em revestimentos argamassados e cerâmicos. No caso da avaliação de revestimentos cerâmicos com termografia de infravermelho, verifica-se que existem ainda muitas dúvidas em relação ao comportamento do Delta T, principal parâmetro utilizado na análise das patologias nos termogramas, devido à influência do tipo e das dimensões das manifestações patológicas estudadas com essa técnica. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo analisou a influência das dimensões de descolamentos em revestimentos cerâmicos na avaliação termográfica. Para tal fim, foi construído um protótipo de alvenaria com revestimento cerâmico onde foi simulada a presença de descolamentos, sendo o protótipo avaliado em ambiente externo em diferentes orientações solares, num período de 4 dias em 3 anos consecutivos. Os resultados mostraram que os máximos valores de Delta Tna inspeção termográfica foram obtidos nos momentos de máximo crescimento da temperatura da superfície revestida nas quatro orientações solares. Após a análise estatística, concluiu-se que diferenças na largura e, consequentemente, na área dos defeitos terão maior probabilidade de ser detectadas, o que facilita a avaliação do desempenho de sistemas de revestimento cerâmico externos com a termografia de infravermelho. Abstract Infrared thermography is currently an important tool in building inspections, mainly in the identification and diagnosis of pathologies in mortar and ceramic coverings. In the case of the evaluation of ceramic tiles with infrared thermography, it appears many questions still remain regarding the behavior of Delta T, the main parameter used in the analysis of pathologies in thermograms, due to the influence of the type and dimensions of the pathological manifestations studied with this technique. This study evaluated the influence of the dimensions of the detachments of ceramic tiles in the thermographic evaluation. For this purpose, a masonry prototype with ceramic tile covering was built, where the presence of detachments was simulated, and then evaluated in an external environment in different solar orientations, during a four-day period in in three consecutive years. The results showed that the maximum values of Delta T in the thermographic inspection were obtained at the moments of maximum increase of the covering surface temperature in the four solar orientations. After the statistical analysis, it was concluded that differences in width and, consequently, in the defects’ area, are more probable to be detected, which facilitates the evaluation of the performance of facade systems using infrared thermography.

Black pod disease, caused by Phytophthora species, is among the main limiting factors of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) production. High incidence levels of black pod disease have been reported in Brazil, being induced by Phytophthora capsici, Phytophthora citrophthora, Phytophthora heveae, and Phytophthora palmivora. To assess the diversity of Phytophthora species affecting cacao in Brazil, 40 new isolates were obtained from cacao pods exhibiting symptoms of black pod disease collected in different smallholder farms in 2017. Further, ten cacao-infecting isolates morphologically identified as P. citrophthora and P. palmivora were molecularly characterized. The genomic regions beta-tubulin, elongation factor 1 alpha, heat shock protein 90, and internal transcribed spacer, and the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I and II genes were PCR-amplified and Sanger-sequenced from the cacao-infecting Phytophthora isolates. The morphological characterization and evaluation of the mycelial growth rates for the Phytophthora isolates were performed in vitro. Based on the molecular analysis and morphological comparisons, 19 isolates were identified as P. palmivora (clade 4). Interestingly, 31 isolates grouped together in the phylogenetic tree and were placed apart from previously known species in Phytophthora clade 2. Therefore, these isolates are considered as a new species herein referred to as Phytophthora theobromicola sp. nov., which produced papillate, semipapillate, and persistent sporangia on simple sporangiophores. The P. palmivora isolates were identified as A1 mating type by pairing each isolate with known A1 and A2 tester strains of P. capsici, but no oogonia/antheridia were observed when P. theobromicola was paired with the different tester strains. The P. theobromicola and P. citrophthora isolates showed higher mycelial growth rates, when compared to P. palmivora, on different media at 10, 15, and 20°C, but similar values were observed when grown on clarified CA media at 25 and 30°C. The pathogenicity tests carried out on pods of four cacao clones (CCN51, PS1319, Cepec2004, and CP49) showed significant variability among the isolates of both Phytophthora species, with P. theobromicola inducing higher rates of necrotic lesion expansion, when compared to P. palmivora. Here, two Phytophthora species were found associated with black pod disease in the state of Bahia, Brazil, and the previously undescribed P. theobromicola seems to be prevalent in field conditions. This is the first report of P. theobromicola on T. cacao. Also, these findings are crucial to improve the disease control strategies, and for the development of cacao materials genetically resistant to Phytophthora.

International audience; Au Nordeste du Brésil, le tourisme balnéaire se développe particulièrement à proximité desmétropoles. Ce tourisme a été initié par des politiques publiques et implique des acteurs privésdans la création de complexes hôteliers fortement capitalisés. Cet article explore les registres surlesquels les politiques sont justifiées dans les discours des acteurs, il analyse les types de conflitsgénérés par le contrôle de l’espace notamment au sujet du partage de la ressource en eau entreles complexes hôteliers et les populations locales. L’étude concerne deux territoirespréalablement occupés par des classes populaires, à la périphérie de grandes métropoles. Lesdiscours des acteurs du tourisme promeuvent la modernisation et le développement économiquecensés accompagner les complexes touristiques qui en réalité génèrent une exclusion de l’espacelittoral des populations locales. Les habitants du littoral, mal desservis par les réseauxd’adduction d’eau potable, voient leur puit individuel menacé par l’exploitation de l’aquifèreopérée par les complexes touristiques, sans que les pouvoirs publics régulent réellement l’usagede l’eau.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:48:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there are predictive advantages for breeding values with inclusion of X chromosome genomic markers for reproductive (occurrence of early pregnancy – P16 and age at first calving - AFC) and andrological (scrotal circumference -SC) variables in beef cattle. There were 3263 genotypes of females and males evaluated. There were breeding value estimates for SC, AFC and P16 considering two scenarios: 1) only autosomal markers or 2) autosomal and X chromosome markers. To evaluate effects of inclusion of X chromosome markers on selection, responses to selection were compared including or not including genomic marker information from the X chromosome. There were greater heritability estimates for SC (0.40 and 0.31), AFC (0.11 and 0.09) and P16 (0.43 and 0.38) when analyses included, compared with not including, genomic marker information from the X chromosome. When selection is based on results from analyses that did not include information for the X chromosome, there was about a 7 % lesser mean genomic breeding value for the SC traits for selected animals. For P16, there was an approximate 4% lesser breeding value without inclusion of genomic marker information from the X chromosome, while this inclusion did not have as great an effect on the breeding value for AFC. There was an average predictive correlation of 0.79, 0.98 and 0.84 for SC, AFC and P16, respectively. These estimates indicate inclusion of the X chromosome genomic marker information in the analysis can improve prediction of genomic breeding values, especially for SC. Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of mesquite bean flour (Prosopis juliflora) as an energy ingredient in extruded diets for juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two experiments were carried out: the first consisted of a study to evaluate the chemical composition and digestibility of the energy and nutrients of MBF; the second consisted of a growth test, in which juveniles consumed diets containing different proportions of corn substitution by MBF, in which zootechnical, hematological, physiological, and metabolic variables were evaluated. It was observed that MBF has a chemical composition similar to corn, as well as the apparent digestibility of energy and nutrients. The higher sucrose/starch ratio of the ingredient stands out, as well as the difference in digestibility (p < 0.05) between the predominant carbohydrates 87.63 and 99.25% for starch and sucrose, respectively. In the growth assay, no difference was observed between zootechnical variables (p > 0.05), and sucrase and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased (p < 0.05), which was not observed for amylase and lipase (p > 0.05). The hematological variables did not change (p > 0.05). Metabolic variables indicate a reduc- tion in gluconeogenesis from amino acids, as can be seen by the reduction in liver transaminase levels (ALT and AST) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), as well as the greater availability of free amino acids in plasmas (p < 0.05). Thus, it can be said that MBF has a high nutritional value and can totally replace corn in diets for juvenile tilapia and the metabolic findings indicate a potential protein-sparing effect. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-27T13:07:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Corn-substitution-by-mesquite-bean-flour-2021.pdf: 991829 bytes, checksum: 177bd9cb85ad4d24a43edeebf8bfc974 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:11:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia Myotis nigricans is an important species of insectivorous bat from the Vespertilionidae family, which is endemic of the Neotropics. Despite its wide distribution, no detailed study of the reproduction is found for this species. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate and characterize morphological and morphometric variations of the female reproductive organs of M. nigricans during its different reproductive phases. Twenty adult females were collected, divided into four (4) sample groups, according to the reproductive status (nonreproductive, initial and advanced pregnancy and lactating), and submitted to anatomical, histological and morphometric analyses. The results demonstrated that the female reproductive organs of M. nigricans were composed of the ovaries, the uterus, the uterine tubes and the vagina, in addition to the mammary glands. The ovaries present a great number of interstitial glands and a small but persistent corpus luteum. Ovulation is simple, unilateral and non-preferential, possibly alternated in successive ovulations and may be sequential with the occurrence of postpartum estrus. The uterus is bicornuate, implantation is fundic and the placenta is chorioallantoic, discoidal and hemochorial. The vaginal epithelium is weakly keratinized and shows great disorganization during the periods of pregnancy and lactation. Center of Biological and Health Science UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista CNPq: 407106/2018-9 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia: 7616/2015 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia: 9038/2015

International audience; Despite a number of studies on biomass burning (BB) emissions in the atmosphere, observation of the associated aerosols and pollutants requires continuous efforts. Brazil, and more broadly Latin America, is one of the most important seasonal sources of BB, particularly in the Amazon region. Uncertainty about aerosol loading in the source regions is a limiting factor in terms of understanding the role of aerosols in climate modelling. In the present work, we investigated the Amazon BB episode that occurred during August 2019 and made the international headlines, especially when the smoke plumes plunged distant cities such as São Paulo into darkness. Here, we used satellite and ground-based observations at different locations to investigate the long-range transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period. The monitoring of BB activity was carried out using fire related pixel count from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard the Aqua and Terra platforms, while the distribution of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations and total columns were obtained from the infrared atmospheric sounding interferometer (IASI) onboard the METOP-A and METOP-B satellites. In addition, AERONET sun-photometers as well as the MODIS instrument made aerosol optical depth (AOD) measurements over the study region. Our datasets are consistent with each other and highlight AOD and CO variations and long-range transport of the fire plume from the source regions in the Amazon basin. We used the Lagrangian transport model FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) to simulate backward dispersion, which showed good agreement with satellite and ground measurements observed over the study area. The increase in Rossby wave activity during the 2019 austral winter the Southern Hemisphere may have contributed to increasing the efficiency of large-scale transport of aerosol plumes generated by the Amazon fires during the study period.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 The use and reuse of research data are important and necessary actions in the current context of scientific practice. For this reason, the datasets produced during the research initiatives need to be published to be more easily accessed by the entire scientific community. However, publishing data does not mean merely making it available in a repository, but comprises a series of steps that must be considered so that they can be effectively used. Thus, this work has as main objective to discuss the process of publishing research datasets in the context of science. This is a descriptive and qualitative investigation, which makes use of bibliographic research. As results, elements involved in the process of publishing research data and discussions are presented, covering the stages of publication of datasets, relating to the deposit, description, identifier assignment and review, steps that involve the core of the publication process. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp) Ciência da Informação pela Universidade de São Paulo (USP) Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) – PE Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB) – PB Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (Unesp)

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia ASCRS Research Foundation Research and Development Bats are mammals that play a fundamental role in the regulation of the ecosystems by, for example, controlling the insect populations. Therefore, insectivorous species, such as Molossus molossus, have become the target of great scientific interest. Despite the different studies that exist on the species, there is still no consensus regarding its reproduction. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the morphophysiology and some aspects of the hormonal control of the testes of M. molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae), by evaluating its morphological and morphometric variations throughout the annual reproductive cycle. Sixty sexually adult males of M. molossus were used in the study, with five specimens collected each month for one year, forming 12 sample groups. The testes of each bat were submitted to morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical analyses. Molossus molossus presented an annual reproductive cycle with two peaks of spermatogenic activity, one in April and the other in September, and a period of total testicular regression in December, which has never been described. The cycle appeared to be regulated by rainfall and was, at least partially, controlled by the expression of the androgen receptor in Sertoli cells, which has agonist effects on cell proliferation. Center of Biological and Health Science UFOB - Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto, São Paulo Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia: 407106

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:49:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Myotis nigricans is a species of bat from the Vespertilionidae family that is endemic of the Neotropical region. Its insectivorous feeding habit plus its large range of prey species, great geographical dispersion, wide colonies, and anthropomorphized behavior make this species an important ecological agent that acts in the control of nocturnal insects. Reproductively, M. nigricans presents geographic variations, having different patterns of reproduction according to its geographical location. Despite these extremely interesting characteristics, no more detailed study of the hormonal control of the reproduction of this species has been conducted. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the variations in serum hormone concentrations and in uterine hormonal control of this bat during its different reproductive phases. Twenty adult females were collected, divided into four (4) sample groups, according to the reproductive status (nonreproductive, initial, and advanced pregnancy and lactating), and submitted to hormone dosage and immunohistochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that the uterus of M. nigricans is strongly regulated by the interaction/cross-talk between serum concentrations of estradiol (E2) and progesterone with their respective hormone receptors. Significant increases in the concentration of E2 and progesterone are needed to regulate the early pregnancy. The persistence of the corpus luteum throughout pregnancy is necessary, since its placenta does not express aromatase. The expressions of ERα and PR appear to be synchronized in order to coordinate a large portion of the processes that occur inside the uterus of M. nigricans during pregnancy and lactation. Center of Biological and Health Science UFOB - Universidade Federal Do Oeste da Bahia Department of Biology UNESP – University Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto Department of Histology and Embryology UFG – Universidade Federal de Goiás Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – University Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto Department of Biology UNESP – University Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – University Estadual Paulista São José Do Rio Preto

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:34:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Although the second largest chromosome of the genome, the X chromosome is usually excluded from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Considering the presence and importance of genes on this chromosome that are involved in reproduction, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of its inclusion in GWAS on reproductive traits (scrotal circumference [SC], early pregnancy [P16] and age at first calving [AFC]) in a Nelore herd. Genotype data from 3,263 animals with the above-mentioned phenotypes were used. The results showed an increase in the variances explained by the autosomal markers for all traits when the X chromosome was not included. For SC, there was an increase of more than 10% for the windows on chromosomes 2 and 6. For P16, the effect was increased by almost 20% for windows on chromosome 5. The same pattern was found for AFC, with an increase of more than 10% for the most important windows. The results indicate that the noninclusion of the X chromosome can overestimate the effects of autosomes on SC, P16 and AFC not only because of the additive effect of the X chromosome itself but also because of its epistatic effect on autosomal genes. Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: 2009/16118-5

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:47:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 This study evaluated the effects of testosterone in the bulbourethral glands (BG) of the bat, Artibeus planirostris, by performing castration and posterior hormonal supplementation of the animals. The results showed a decrease in testosterone levels in animals 15 days after castration, which induced a small reduction in epithelium height, percentage of AR+ cells, and an increase in the amount of basal cells. This reduction became more severe in groups castrated for longer periods (19 and 22 days), where there was also an increase in apoptotic cells. Moreover, the hormonal supplementation increased testosterone levels (after 3 and 7 days of supplementation), causing a glandular reactivation that increased the epithelium height and AR expression. In conclusion, BG took longer to respond to ablation of testosterone than other reproductive glands, since it showed evident aspects of regression only in animals 22 days after castrated. Department of Biology UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista Center of Biological and Health Sciences UFOB—Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-03T17:31:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T17:52:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2175-78602019000100229.pdf: 6962946 bytes, checksum: 3e5384e1c70eabee75239557ee205794 (MD5) Resumo O gênero Chamaecrista possui distribuição pantropical e está bem representado na flora brasileira, principalmente em campos rupestres e matas ciliares. No Brasil são encontradas 256 espécies, sendo que 149 delas aparecem somente em Minas Gerais, o que corresponde mais da metade da diversidade do gênero no país. A área selecionada para o estudo, o Parque Estadual do Rio Preto (PERP), pertence à Cadeia do Espinhaço. A vegetação é composta principalmente por fitofisionomias de Cerrado e Campo rupestre existindo também áreas de matas ciliares e de galerias. O estudo em questão teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento florístico e um estudo taxonômico de Chamaecrista no PERP, abrangendo chave de identificação das espécies e descrições taxonômicas das mesmas. As coletas foram realizadas dentro de um período de dois anos, por meio de caminhadas assistemáticas. O material coletado foi identificado e depositado na coleção do Herbário OUPR. Foram coletados e descritos 19 táxons que compreendem às seções Absus, Chamaecrista e Xerocalyx. Abstract The genus Chamaecrista has a pantropical distribution and it is well represented in the Brazilian flora, mainly in “campos rupestres” and Riparian forests. In Brazil, 256 species are found, of which 149 are found only in Minas Gerais, corresponding more than a half of genus diversity in the country. The area selected for the study, Parque Estadual do Rio Preto (PERP), belongs to Espinhaço Range. The vegetation is composed mainly of physiognomies of cerrado and “campos rupestres”, also existing areas of gallery forests and galleries. The objective of this study was to carry out the floristic and taxonomic survey of Chamaecrista at PERP, to elaborate key of identification of the species and taxonomic descriptions of the same ones. The collections were carried out within a period of two years, through unsystematic walks. The collected material was identified and deposited in the OUPR and BOTU Herbaria. 19 taxa were collected and described that comprises the Absus, Chamaecrista and Xerocalyx sections. Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Inst. Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Depto. Biodiversidade, Evolução e Meio Ambiente Universidade Federal da Paraíba Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza Depto. Sistemática e Ecologia - Campos I Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Prog. Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Prog. Pós-graduação em Botânica Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso Inst. Biociências Depto. Botânica e Ecologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Prog. Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) Depto. Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Prog. Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Botânica) Depto. Botânica

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:11:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Sex chromosomes are generally excluded from genomic analyses, although X chromosome is the second largest chromosome and harbors many genes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of X chromosome by identifying its regions associated with reproductive traits in Nelore cows through a genome-wide association and by estimating its linkage disequilibrium. Phenotypic data of 76,845 and 76,700 animals were used for pregnancy at 16 months and age at first calving, respectively, as well as genotypic data of 1,999 females. Linkage disequilibrium was estimated for X chromosome and for autosomes 1 and 2, due to similar size of chromosomes. Single-step method was used for association analysis and some genes with known role in reproduction were reported for both traits, such as KLHL4 which is associated with development of the female reproductive system, and PCDH11X which is associated with the onset of primary ovarian insufficiency. Moreover, some genes were associated with both traits, indicating a pleiotropic effect. However, contribution of the windows in X-chromosome is very small when compared to autosomes: an unexpected fact. The results revealed higher linkage disequilibrium on the X chromosome (0.2248 ± 0.17) compared to the other chromosomes (0.1965 ± 0.14 and 0.1967 ± 0.14 for autosomes 1 and 2, respectively), indicating low recombination rates. Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB) Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) Departamento de Zootecnia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) FAPESP: 2009/16118-5 CNPq: 310443/2017-2 CNPq: 422799/2016-5

This paper seeks to verbalize silenced dimensions and associated with supposed neutrality in order to contribute to the elaboration of educational practices. Composed of a bibliographical research, the corpus of analysis was formed by articles, self-identified by educational practices STS focused on the energy issue. To obtain the results, we used the Discursive Textual Analysis, which resulted in the following mixed categories, resulting from a theoretical-practical development of STS educational practices and elements of Freire's thematic approach: selection and nature of themes; elaboration of problematizations; role and selection of knowledge; and, dialogical and participative posture. Among the results, we highlight practices indicative of silenced dimensions and provide participatory activities and actions in the classroom. In addition, we emphasize the importance of addressing real problems and social contradictions, which make it possible to problematize knowledge and voices beyond technical-scientific, contributing to overcoming naive visions and building democratic processes. O movimento CTS surge em contextos em que a suposta neutralidade da ciência-tecnologia (NCT) passou a ser questionada e tem como um dos seus objetivos centrais a democratização de temas relacionados à CT. Esse objetivo pode ficar fragilizado caso concepções próximas a da suposta neutralidade sejam endossadas. Assim, este trabalho visa verbalizar dimensões associadas à suposta NCT a fim de contribuir com a elaboração de práticas educativas CTS. O trabalho constitui-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, que tem como foco de discussão práticas educativas CTS voltadas para a questão energética. Para a análise dos artigos utilizamos a Análise Textual Discursiva e as seguintes categorias: i) Seleção e natureza dos temas; ii) Elaboração das problematizações; iii) Seleção dos conhecimentos; e, iv) Postura: dialogicidade e participação. Dentre os resultados, destacamos a importância de temas reais que possibilitam, a partir de uma postura dialógica e participativa, problematizar questões e construir conhecimentos além dos técnico-científicos.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:24:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Responsible for post-testicular maturation, concentration, protection and sperm storage, the epididymis is an organ that can be easily subdivided into three segments: caput, corpus and cauda. Each epididymal region displays different morphology and functions within the sperm maturation process. Despite the great importance of this organ, studies on its morphology and hormonal control in bats remain scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to morphologically analyze the epididymis of the bat Molossus molossus (Chiroptera: Molossidae), in order to evaluate its morphological and morphometric variations, as well as some aspects of its hormonal control during the annual reproductive cycle. For this purpose, 60 sexually adult males were used in this study, comprising five specimens collected monthly for one year to form 12 sample groups. The epididymis was subjected to morphological, morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. The results demonstrated that the processes of total testicular regression and posterior recrudescence suffered by M. molossus also impacts the physiology of the epididymis, however, a delay in the epididymal response is seen due to the storage of sperm. Similar to other mammals, the epididymis of M. molossus has a large predominance of principal and basal cells. The epididymal seasonal variations appear to be directly correlated to rainfall and photoperiod, but not to temperature. Meanwhile, epididymal physiology appears to be regulated, at least partially, by the expression of the androgen receptor in epithelial cells, which has agonist effects on cell proliferation. Center of Biological and Health Science UFOB - Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:04:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-07-01 The male reproductive accessory glands (RAGs) are important organs that contribute to the secretion of different substances that composed the ejaculate. Despite this important function, their composition, anatomy and function vary widely between species. Thus, the RAGs of three species of phyllostomid bats were morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized and compared in this study. The RAGs of the three analyzed species are composed of a prostate and a pair of bulbourethral glands (BG). In all species, the prostate is composed of three well-defined regions (ventral, dorsolateral and dorsal regions). The ventral region showed an atypical epithelium (undefined) with no obvious cellular limits and a holocrine PAS-positive secretion. The dorsolateral region of Carollia perspicillata and Phyllostomus discolor showed a pseudostratified cubic morphology, and that from Glossophaga soricina had a columnar morphology endowed with cytoplasmic projections and stereocilia. The dorsal region of the three analyzed species is composed of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium endowed with stereocilia; however, G. soricina also presented cytoplasmic projections in the apical portions of the secretory cells similar to those in the dorsolateral region. The BG of the three analyzed species are composed of a pseudostratified columnar epithelium including basal and PAS-positive secretory cells. In conclusion, this study morphologically and ultrastructurally characterized the RAGs of three species of phyllostomid bats, demonstrating the presence of a novel third prostatic region in species of this family. The results also showed the absence of seminal vesicles and ampullary glands, and better characterized the holocrine pattern of the prostatic ventral region, which is unique to bats. Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto Center of Biological and Health Sciences UFOB – Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto Department of Biology UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto Department of Zoology and Botany UNESP – Univ. Estadual Paulista, São José do Rio Preto

This work proposes the development of a simple, fast, and inexpensive methodology based on color histograms (obtained from digital images), and supervised pattern recognition techniques to classify redwines produced in the São Francisco Valley (SFV) region to trace geographic origin, winemaker, and grape variety. PCA-LDA coupled with HSI histograms correctly differentiated all of the SFV samples from the other geographic regions in the testset; SPA-LDA selecting just 10 variables in the Gray scale+HSI histogram achieved 100% accuracy in the test set when classifying three different SFV winemakers. Regarding the three grape varieties, SPA-LDA selected 15 variables in the RGB histogram to obtain the best result, misclassifying only 2 samples in the tests et. Pairwise grape variety classification was also performed with only 1 misclassification. Besides following the principles of Green Chemistry, the proposed methodology is a suitable analytical tool; for tracing origins, grapetype, and even (SFV) winemakers Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-21T09:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1-s2.0-S0308814619322083-main.pdf: 2129070 bytes, checksum: 11637f1ef5c0e4ac3d3f58a8e9fdaa08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The aim of the present study was to establish parameters to evaluate melon seeds vigor by ethanol release test using a modified ethylometer and correlate with physiological seed quality, gene expression and enzyme activities alterations. To perform this trial, six seeds lots of yellow melon were submitted to determinations such as moisture content, germination assay and vigor tests. 25 and 50 seeds soaked with 0.5 mL of distilled water and tested after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 24 h at 40 °C. After 0, 6 and 24 h of imbibition, the high and low vigor lots were evaluated for the following enzyme activity: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and alcoholic dehydrogenase (ADH). Accumulation of ADH protein was verified using Western Blotting hybridization technique with the primary Anti-ADH antibody. The release of ethanol in 25 seeds, soaked in 0.5 mL of distilled water for 6 h, proved efficient for vigor evaluation and can be related to other traditionally used tests. Enzyme activity varied according to the vigor of the seed lot. For the protein profile, there was variation in the accumulation of proteins of specific molecular weights throughout the soaking periods. There was also variation in expression according to accumulation of ADH protein. The biochemical and molecular tests corroborate with the establishment of the ethanol test as an additional tool to evaluate seed vigor. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-14T13:05:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gene-expression-biochemical-and-physiological-2020.pdf: 1309518 bytes, checksum: 26abe83a9c161fe02e59d5448cc2b354 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Bidens pilosa L. is a heterocarpic weed species with two cypselae types that present morpho-physiological differences, being the peripheral type smaller and slower to germinate than the central one. We aimed to verify how the germination mechanism varied between types. We focused on two mechanisms: (1) pericarp constraints (physical and chemical) and (2) hormonal stimulation (Abcisic acid [ABA] and Gibberellin [GA]). Both cypselae types are physically constrained by the pericarp, for when it is excised both seed types increase their germination, but behavioral differences still remain. The pericarp of the peripheral type also has chemical inhibitors that effectively inhibited germination of the intact central cypsela. To test the hormonal effects, we focused on the ABA:GA control. Both cypselae responded to an exogenous ABA concentration gradient, however there is no variation between types on the sensitivity to it. Also, both cypselae types were indifferent to Fluridone (ABA inhibitor), which indicates that the dormancy is not maintained by de novo ABA synthesis. Cypselae types had different sensitivity to an exogenous GA3 gradient, the central type being more sensitive to the treatment than the peripheral one. But when the endogenous GA synthesis was blocked by Paclobutrazol, both types responded equally to same GA3 concentrations. This indicates that endogenous GA synthesis may be related to differences observed on germination of cypselae types. To conclude, seed types differ on their growth potential to overcome the pericarp resistance: while the inhibitor in the peripheral pericarp reduces growth potential, GA increases it. Resumo Bidens pilosa L. é uma espécie de planta daninha heterocarpica com dois tipos de cipselas que possuem diferenças morfofisiológicas, sendo o tipo periférico de menor tamanho e com germinação lenta se comparado com o central. Nosso objetivo foi verificar como o mecanismo de germinação varia entre os tipos. Focamos em dois mecanismos: (1) restrição causada pelo pericarpo (física e química) e (2) estímulo hormonal (Ácido abscísico [ABA] e Giberelina [GA]). Os tipos de cipselas são fisicamente limitados pelo pericarpo, pois quando ambos os tipos de sementes são excisados há um aumento na germinação, contudo as diferenças no processo se mantém. O pericarpo do tipo periférico ainda possui inibidores que efetivamente retardam a germinação das cipselas centrais intactas. Para testar os efeitos hormonais, nós focamos no controle pelo ABA:GA. Ambas cipselas responderam ao gradiente de concentração de ABA exógeno, contudo não houve variação na sensibilidade entre os tipos. Ainda, ambos tipos de cipselas foram indiferentes à Fluoridona (inibidor de ABA), que indica que a dormência não é mantida pela nova síntese de ABA. Tipos de cipselas apresentam diferentes sensibilidades ao gradiente exógeno de GA3, com o tipo central sendo mais sensível ao tratamento que o periférico. Mas quando a síntese endógena de GA foi bloqueada pelo Paclobutrazol, ambos os tipos responderam de forma similar às concentrações de GA 3. Isso indica que a síntese de GA endógena pode estar relacionada com a diferença observada na germinação dos dois tipos de cipselas. Para concluir, os tipos de sementes diferem no potencial para superar a resistência do pericarpo, sendo o inibidor no pericarpo da cipsela periférica o redutor do potencial de crescimento, enquanto a GA aumenta esse potencial.

Resenha do livro "Educomunicação e diversidade: integrando práticas"

International audience; Cinnamon proanthocyanidins present important biological properties. However, these molecules are unstable and possess an astringent taste, which can make their ingestion difficult. In this context, entrapment by spray-drying technology may be used to produce a concentrated extract with improved stability and reduced astringency. Thus, this work aimed to prepare spray-dried microparticles loaded with a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) extract (PRCE), immobilized in a maltodextrin matrix. Freeze-dried samples of the extract (without the carrier) were also prepared for comparison. The particles were characterized for moisture content, water activity, retention of proanthocyanidins, hygroscopicity, solubility, morphology, stability, glass transition temperature, and with regard to the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Additionally, the powders were sensorially analyzed to verify the efficiency of the atomization process on masking the bitterness and astringent sensation of the extract. The moisture values of the powders decreased as the drying air temperature increased. Moreover, maltodextrin reduced the hygroscopicity of the powders, enhanced their water solubility and morphology, and increased the stability of the proanthocyanidins in the powders. The freeze-dried cinnamon extract inhibited all indicator strains and showed that the antimicrobial activity was associated with the proanthocyanidin content. Conversely, atomization using maltodextrin as carrier was able to mask the bitter taste and astringency of the material, and allowed the production of more stable powders. Therefore, the use of maltodextrin presented beneficial aspects, from both technological and sensorial perspectives for the production of spray-dried powders loaded with a proanthocyanidin-rich cinnamon extract, which could act as a functional ingredient.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Viruses are important agents of emerging zoonoses and are a substantial public health issue. Among emerging viruses, an important group are arboviruses, which are characterized by being maintained in nature in cycles involving hematophagous arthropod vectors and a wide range of vertebrate hosts. Recently, bats have received increasing attention as an important source for the emergence of zoonoses and as possible viral reservoirs. Among the arboviruses, there are many representatives of the genera Flavivirus and Alphavirus, which are responsible for important epidemics such as Dengue virus, Zika virus and Chikungunya virus. Due to the importance of analyzing potential viral reservoirs for zoonosis control and expanding our knowledge of bat viruses, this study aimed to investigate the presence of viruses of the Alphavirus and Flavivirus genera in bats. We analyzed serum, liver, lungs and intestine from 103 bats sampled in northeast and southern Brazil via Nested-PCR and the hemagglutination inhibition test. All samples tested in this study were negative for arboviruses, suggesting that no active or past infection was present in the captured bats. These data indicate that the bats examined herein probably do not constitute a reservoir for these viruses in the studied areas. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of bats as reservoirs and sources of infection of these viral zoonoses. Laborató Rio de Estudos Genômicos Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciencias Exatas UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista Jú Lio de Mesquita Filho Laborató Rio de Chiroptera Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciencias Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista Jú Lio de Mesquita Filho Centro Das Ciências Biológicas E da Saúde UFOB-Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia Nucleo de Doencas de Transmissao Vetorial Instituto Adolfo Lutz Laborató Rio de Pesquisa Em Virologia FAMERP-Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto Laborató Rio de Estudos Genômicos Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciencias Exatas UNESP- Universidade Estadual Paulista Jú Lio de Mesquita Filho Laborató Rio de Chiroptera Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciencias Exatas Universidade Estadual Paulista Jú Lio de Mesquita Filho

Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T00:37:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ART18041.pdf: 1078113 bytes, checksum: 49afce072e6a283a4b3157ca80359048 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-10

Objectives: to summarize Brazilian studies that analyzed the risk factors for Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) interruption before the child's six months of life. Methods: systematic review and meta-analysis indexed articles from Bireme, Scielo and Pubmed databases published in the period of January 2000 to December 2015. Results: 22 articles were included in the meta-analysis. The factors related to newborns were observed, such as birth weight (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.05-1.29), female gender (OR= 1,09; CI 95%: 1.04-1.13) and the use of pacifier (OR= 2.29; CI 95%: 1.68-2.91) were the main factors responsible for the increase in the occurrence of EBF interruption. The factors were related to the mother, maternal age below twenty years old (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.12-1.33) low schooling level (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1.11-1.45), primiparity (OR= 1.17; CI 95%: 1.02-1.32) maternal employment during the postpartum period (OR= 1.26; CI 95%: 1.11-1.41), and low family income (OR= 1.22; CI 95%: 1.08-1.37) contributed significantly to the EBF interruption . Conclusions: the meta-analysis of Brazilian epidemiological studies demonstrated evidences to conclude that below the age of twenty, low schooling, primiparity, maternal employment in the postpartum period and low family income are associated to the interruption of exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months of age. Children with low birth weight, female gender and used a pacifier had greater vulnerability to not be exclusively breastfed. In conclusion, most of these factors can be modified through appropriate public policies throughout the adequate prenatal period to promote exclusive breastfeeding. Resumo Objetivos: sumarizar estudos brasileiros que analisaram os fatores de risco para interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo (AME) antes dos seis meses de vida da criança. Métodos: revisão sistemática e metanálise de artigos indexados na base de dados Bireme, Scielo e Pubmed, publicados no período de janeiro 2000 a dezembro de 2015. Resultados: 22 artigos foram incluídos na metanálise. Observou-se que os fatores relacionados ao recém-nascido como o baixo peso ao nascer (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,05-1,29), sexo feminino (OR= 1,09; IC95%: 1,04-1,13) e uso de chupeta (OR= 2,29; IC95%: 1,68- 2,91) foram os principais fatores de exposição responsável pelo aumento da ocorrência de interrupção do AME. No que se refere aos fatores de exposição relacionados à mãe, a idade materna inferior a vinte anos (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,12-1,33), a baixa escolaridade (OR=1.28; CI 95%: 1,11-1,45), a primiparidade (OR= 1,17; IC95%: 1,02-1,32), o trabalho materno no puerpério (OR= 1,26; IC95%: 1,11-1,41) e a baixa renda familiar (OR= 1,22; IC95%: 1,08-1,37) contribuíram significativamente para ocorrência de interrupção do AME. Conclusões: a metanálise de estudos epidemiológicos brasileiros registrou evidências para concluir que a idade inferior a vinte anos, baixa escolaridade, primiparidade, trabalho materno no puerpério e a baixa renda familiar estão associados com a interrupção do aleitamento materno exclusivo até os seis meses de idade. Crianças com baixo peso ao nascer, do sexo feminino e que usaram chupeta tiveram maior vulnerabilidade de não serem amamentadas exclusivamente. Conclui-se, que a maioria deste fatores podem ser modificados por meio de políticas públicas de acompanhamento adequado durante todo o pré-natal,com ações de promoção do aleitamento materno exclusivo.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:45:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Most water bodies in Brazil, and in the world, are contaminated by some types of pollutants, ranging from sewage to metal/chemicals, carcinogenic products, and biodegradable detergents. Despite the extensive knowledge on their effects on fish biology and especially on gill morphology, research that concerns their impacts on gill rakers and implications in parameters such as food consumption cannot be found in the literature. Gill rakers are vital because, together with gills, they are responsible for the defense and protection of the organism and for selecting appropriate food for survival. When detergents, which can act as toxic chemical agents, get in contact with the body of the fish, they can cause severe effects that must be understood. Therefore, our study investigated ultramorphological changes in gill rakers of Astyanax altiparanae (Lambeth) caused by the exposure to biodegradable detergents. Fish were exposed to a 1 mg/L dilution of a mixture of detergents and pure water from an artesian well for 5 months. Results revealed that the first month of exposure to detergent caused dilation of chemical receptors in taste buds and the rise of a large number of orifices for mucus release among pavement cells in gill rakers, although only a small amount of mucus was found in fish exposed both to pure water and the detergent dilution. After 5 months, there was an increase in the dilation of these chemoreceptors, excess mucus on gill rakers of detergent groups, and the emergence of microbridges between microridges in pavement cells. Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro Campus Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia - UFOB, Barreiras Campus Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo – FMRP/USP, Avenida do Café S/N Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto Universidade de São Paulo – FORP/USP Universidade Estadual “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro Campus FAPESP: 2011/13212-0