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12. Uni Ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin, Nr. 353 (50 Jg.), September 2020

Author

Universität Ulm

Subjects
ddc:050, DDC 050 / General serial publications, Botanischer Garten, Corona-Chronik: Uni im Krisenmodus, Corona-Kinderstudie, Universities, Germany, Ulm, Kavli-Preis, Universität Ulm, Uni im Krisenmodus [Corona-Chronik], Universities and colleges
Abstract

uni ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, uni ulm intern, Das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, Heft Nr. 353 (50. Jahrgang), September 2020

Published
2020
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13. Uni Ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin, Nr. 349 (49. Jg.), August 2019

Author

Universität Ulm

Subjects
ddc:050, Bauen für die Wissenschaft, DDC 050 / General serial publications, Onlinetest für Computerspielsucht, Data Science, Wissenschaftspreis, Universities, Germany, Ulm, Universität Ulm, Universities and colleges
Abstract

uni ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, uni ulm intern, Das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, Heft Nr. 349 (49. Jahrgang), August 2019

Published
2019
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14. Uni Ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin, Nr. 347 (49. Jg), Februar/März 2019

Author

Universität Ulm

Subjects
ddc:050, Lehre im Fokus: Vom Tutorium bis zum digitalen Coach, DDC 050 / General serial publications, Energie für die Mobilität der Zukunft, Vom Tutorium bis zum digitalen Coach [Lehre im Fokus], Mission Statement, Universities, Germany, Ulm, Trauma SFB verlängert, Universität Ulm, Universities and colleges
Abstract

uni ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, uni ulm intern, Das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, Heft Nr. 347 (49. Jahrgang), Februar/März 2019

Published
2019
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15. Konzeptionelle Grundlagen für eine säulenübergreifende Altersvorsorgeinformation

Author

Aon, Universität Ulm, Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Dietrich, Gundula, Geilenkothen, André, Zwiesler, Hans-Joachim, Bürger, Heike, Hölscher, Carsten, Knittl, Sabrina, Kohlbus, Maik, Noe, Isabel, Rach, Manuel, Teichmann, Thorsten, Thurnes, Georg, Aon, Universität Ulm, Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Dietrich, Gundula, Geilenkothen, André, Zwiesler, Hans-Joachim, Bürger, Heike, Hölscher, Carsten, Knittl, Sabrina, Kohlbus, Maik, Noe, Isabel, Rach, Manuel, Teichmann, Thorsten, and Thurnes, Georg

Abstract

Ziel einer säulenübergreifenden Altersvorsorgeinformation ist es, jedem Bürger die Möglichkeit zu geben, sich einen Überblick über seine gesamte Altersvorsorge zu verschaffen. Ausreichende Informationen sind eine Voraussetzung, um eigenverantwortlich Entscheidungen über die Altersvorsorge zu treffen. Dies stellt in Deutschland eine besondere Herausforderung dar, weil es in der betrieblichen Altersversorgung mehrere 10.000 Vorsorgeeinrichtungen gibt, die eine große Produkt-Heterogenität aufweisen. Diese Studie zeigt auf, wie alle interessierten Bürger einen aktuellen und verständlichen Gesamtüberblick über ihre Altersvorsorgeprodukte und die erreichten sowie erreichbaren Leistungen erhalten können. Zusätzlich diskutieren wir, wie im Rahmen einer Modellrechnung eine aggregierte monatliche lebenslange Gesamtrente in heutiger Kaufkraft ermittelt und dargestellt werden könnte. Die Bereitstellung der Daten auf einer Informationsplattform soll durch die jeweiligen Vorsorgeeinrichtungen unter Verwendung standardisierter Datensätze aus den bestehenden Mitteilungspflichten erfolgen. Besondere Herausforderungen bestehen insbesondere bei der Festlegung geeigneter Identifikationskennzeichen für die personenindividuelle Zuordnung der Vorsorgeinformationen sowie bei der Anbindung vieler kleinerer Vorsorgeeinrichtungen. Organisatorisch sollte die Plattform gemeinschaftlich vom Staat und von den Vorsorgeeinrichtungen getragen werden. Wir schlagen die schrittweise Einführung der säulenübergreifenden Altersvorsorgeinformation vor und empfehlen, zeitnah mit reduziertem Informationsumfang unter Einbeziehung der größeren Vorsorgeeinrichtungen zu starten sowie eine sukzessive Ausweitung vorzusehen. Auf dieser Basis kann das Ziel kosteneffizient erreicht werden und durch die Einführung der säulenübergreifenden Altersvorsorgeinformation ein massiver Nutzen im Hinblick auf die Informationsmöglichkeiten über die Altersvorsorge der Bürger gestiftet werden. Für die Umsetzung sollten zunächst di, The objective of a single combined retirement information platform across all pillars is to give users an overview of their total retirement income. For taking appropriate decisions concerning retirement provisions adequate information is prerequisite. This is particularly challenging as Germany features some 10,000 plan sponsors with very heterogeneous pension products within occupational pensions. We analyze how users get an overview of their retirement income based on aggregated information about their potential monthly annuity at retirement. Additionally, we discuss how this annuity could be translated into today's purchase power. This will be based on data provided by the various retirement plan providers - using a standardized data format and existing information requirements. Main challenges are determining a suitable identifier and integrating the many very small pension plan sponsors. The platform should be supported jointly by the government and the various retirement plan providers. We recommend a step-by-step introduction - to start with a reduced level of information and having at least the major retirement plan providers involved. Content and participation level of providers should be gradually extended. In this way a cost-efficient information platform on retirement income across all pillars can be achieved - creating a material benefit for all users, especially regarding the available information level on retirement income. For a successful implementation some basic decisions on the overall concept need to be made first, followed by defining the legal entity to be assigned with the set-up of the platform.

Published
2019

16. Konzeptionelle Grundlagen für eine säulenübergreifende Altersvorsorgeinformation: Zusammenfassung

Author

Aon, Universität Ulm, Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Dietrich, Gundula, Geilenkothen, André, Zwiesler, Hans-Joachim, Bürger, Heike, Hölscher, Hölscher, Knittl, Sabrina, Kohlbus, Maik, Noe, Isabel, Rach, Manuel, Teichmann, Thorsten, Thurnes, Georg, Aon, Universität Ulm, Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Dietrich, Gundula, Geilenkothen, André, Zwiesler, Hans-Joachim, Bürger, Heike, Hölscher, Hölscher, Knittl, Sabrina, Kohlbus, Maik, Noe, Isabel, Rach, Manuel, Teichmann, Thorsten, and Thurnes, Georg

Abstract

Das Ziel der Einführung einer säulenübergreifenden Altersvorsorgeinformation kann in absehbarer Zeit erreicht werden - dies ist die zentrale Quintessenz der vorliegenden Studie.

Published
2019

17. Uni Ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin, Nr. 343 (48. Jg.), Februar 2018

Author

Universität Ulm

Subjects
ddc:050, Fernsehen schadet dem Kinderschlaf, 40 Jahre Uni-Segelclub, DDC 050 / General serial publications, Lehre und Lernen 4.0: Zwischen Tablet und Tafel, Universities, Germany, Ulm, Zwischen Tablet und Tafel [Lehre und Lernen 4.0], Basketballprofi und Student, Universität Ulm, Universities and colleges
Abstract

uni ulm intern - das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin mit Themen aus Forschung, Lehre und vom Campus, uni ulm intern - Das Ulmer Universitätsmagazin, Heft Nr. 343 (48. Jahrgang), Februar 2018

Published
2018
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18. Investigation of the light propagation in the human forearm

Author

Universität Ulm, Cojocaru, Crina, Fugger, Oliver, Zoller, Christian, Vázquez Martín, Irene, Universität Ulm, Cojocaru, Crina, Fugger, Oliver, Zoller, Christian, and Vázquez Martín, Irene

Abstract

En col·laboració amb la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), la Universitat de Barcelona (UB) i l’Institut de Ciències Fotòniques (ICFO), In the present study it is investigated the applicability of spectrally resolved reflectance at a certain distance from the incident beam to determine the optical coefficients of multi-layered tissues. The main motivation of this investigation is to achieve the simplest multi-layered model as possible which describes, within a given tolerance range, the light propagation in human forearm and its optical properties. For getting to this end it is investigated which assumptions within the model are acceptable. We found out that the thickness of the first layer in a two-layered model is a parameter suitable to be fixed, as it does not have a large negative influence on the fitting-results, and that it is expected to obtain better results with an absolute fit than with a relative one. Furthermore, this investigation was complemented with experimental spectrally resolved reflectance measurements performed on tissue-simulating phantoms of known optical properties and on human forearms by using optical fibers at different distances to deliver and detect reflected light by means of a CCD camera.

Published
2017

19. Hydrodynamic dispersion of pressure-induced and electroosmotic flow in porous glasses probed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Author

Universität Ulm, Universität Leipzig, Li, Yujie, Farrherr, German, Kimmich, Rainer, Universität Ulm, Universität Leipzig, Li, Yujie, Farrherr, German, and Kimmich, Rainer

Abstract

Fluid transport by flow in random porous media is subject to hydrodynamic dispersion. In a series of pulsed field-gradient NMR experiments, we have compared flow induced by pressure gradients on the one hand and by electroosmosis on the other. The media were porous glasses with pore dimensions from 1 to 100 μm. With increasing flow rates, a crossover from subdiffusive to superdiffusive mean-squared displacement laws was observed in both cases. This demonstrates the competition between molecular diffusion and convection, and is a typical example of anomalous transport.

Published
2016

20. Changes of bivalent chromatin coincide with increased expression of developmental genes in cancer

Author

Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Universitätsklinikum, Inserm, U110 - Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Universitätsklinikum, Universität Ulm, Universitätsklinikum, Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Santa Fe Institute, Nature Publishing Group, Bernhart, Stephan H., Kretzmer, Helene, Holdt, Lesca M., Jühling, Frank, Ammerpohl, Ole, Bergmann, Anke K., Northoff, Bernd H., Doose, Gero, Siebert, Reiner, Stadler, Peter F., Hoffmann, Steve, Universität Leipzig, Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik, Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Universitätsklinikum, Inserm, U110 - Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Universitätsklinikum, Universität Ulm, Universitätsklinikum, Universität Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Santa Fe Institute, Nature Publishing Group, Bernhart, Stephan H., Kretzmer, Helene, Holdt, Lesca M., Jühling, Frank, Ammerpohl, Ole, Bergmann, Anke K., Northoff, Bernd H., Doose, Gero, Siebert, Reiner, Stadler, Peter F., and Hoffmann, Steve

Abstract

Bivalent (poised or paused) chromatin comprises activating and repressing histone modifications at the same location. This combination of epigenetic marks at promoter or enhancer regions keeps genes expressed at low levels but poised for rapid activation. Typically, DNA at bivalent promoters is only lowly methylated in normal cells, but frequently shows elevated methylation levels in cancer samples. Here, we developed a universal classifier built from chromatin data that can identify cancer samples solely from hypermethylation of bivalent chromatin. Tested on over 7,000 DNA methylation data sets from several cancer types, it reaches an AUC of 0.92. Although higher levels of DNA methylation are often associated with transcriptional silencing, counter-intuitive positive statistical dependencies between DNA methylation and expression levels have been recently reported for two cancer types. Here, we re-analyze combined expression and DNA methylation data sets, comprising over 5,000 samples, and demonstrate that the conjunction of hypermethylation of bivalent chromatin and up-regulation of the corresponding genes is a general phenomenon in cancer. This up-regulation affects many developmental genes and transcription factors, including dozens of homeobox genes and other genes implicated in cancer. Thus, we reason that the disturbance of bivalent chromatin may be intimately linked to tumorigenesis.

Published
2016

21. Changes of bivalent chromatin coincide with increased expression of developmental genes in cancer

Author

Universität Leipzig, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Inserm, U110 - Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Universität Ulm, Universität Wien, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Santa Fe Institute, Nature Publishing Group, Bernhart, Stephan H., Kretzmer, Helene, Holdt, Lesca M., Jühling, Frank, Ammerpohl, Ole, Bergmann, Anke K., Northoff, Bernd H., Doose, Gero, Siebert, Reiner, Stadler, Peter F., Hoffmann, Steve, Universität Leipzig, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Inserm, U110 - Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Universität Ulm, Universität Wien, Max-Planck-Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Santa Fe Institute, Nature Publishing Group, Bernhart, Stephan H., Kretzmer, Helene, Holdt, Lesca M., Jühling, Frank, Ammerpohl, Ole, Bergmann, Anke K., Northoff, Bernd H., Doose, Gero, Siebert, Reiner, Stadler, Peter F., and Hoffmann, Steve

Abstract

Bivalent (poised or paused) chromatin comprises activating and repressing histone modifications at the same location. This combination of epigenetic marks at promoter or enhancer regions keeps genes expressed at low levels but poised for rapid activation. Typically, DNA at bivalent promoters is only lowly methylated in normal cells, but frequently shows elevated methylation levels in cancer samples. Here, we developed a universal classifier built from chromatin data that can identify cancer samples solely from hypermethylation of bivalent chromatin. Tested on over 7,000 DNA methylation data sets from several cancer types, it reaches an AUC of 0.92. Although higher levels of DNA methylation are often associated with transcriptional silencing, counter-intuitive positive statistical dependencies between DNA methylation and expression levels have been recently reported for two cancer types. Here, we re-analyze combined expression and DNA methylation data sets, comprising over 5,000 samples, and demonstrate that the conjunction of hypermethylation of bivalent chromatin and up-regulation of the corresponding genes is a general phenomenon in cancer. This up-regulation affects many developmental genes and transcription factors, including dozens of homeobox genes and other genes implicated in cancer. Thus, we reason that the disturbance of bivalent chromatin may be intimately linked to tumorigenesis.

Published
2016

24. Manifestation allergischer Krankheiten bei jungen Erwachsenen in Zusammenhang mit dem Eintritt in das Berufsleben - Untersuchungen zur Abhängigkeit von arbeitsbedingten Faktoren unter Berücksichtigung von Vorerkrankungen, Disposition und außerberuflichen Umweltfaktoren und Ableitung von Vorschlägen zur verbesserten Prävention: Studie in Ost- und Westdeutschland zu beruflichen Allergierisiken - SOLAR II -; Abschlussbericht

Author

Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Klinikum der Universität München, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Universität Ulm, Medizinische Fak., Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Kellberger, J., Peters-Weist, A., Heinrich, S., Brückner, U., Kolb, S., Braun, E., Nowak, D., Radon, K., Mutius, E. von, Brzozowski, B., Ellenberg, D., Kirsten, D., Vogelberg, C., Genuneit, J., Weinmayr, G., Fischer, T., Bundesministerium für Arbeit und Soziales, Klinikum der Universität München, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Universität Ulm, Medizinische Fak., Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Kellberger, J., Peters-Weist, A., Heinrich, S., Brückner, U., Kolb, S., Braun, E., Nowak, D., Radon, K., Mutius, E. von, Brzozowski, B., Ellenberg, D., Kirsten, D., Vogelberg, C., Genuneit, J., Weinmayr, G., and Fischer, T.

Abstract

SOLAR II ist das zweite Follow-up einer bevölkerungsbezogenenden Kohorten-Studie. Diese Studie basiert auf einer Kohorte, die 1995/1996 aus damals 9-11jährigen Kindern aus Dresden und München zusammengestellt wurde. Die inzwischen erwachsenen Teilnehmer wurden nun erneut mit dem Ziel untersucht, Zusammenhänge zwischen beruflichen Expositionen und Allergien und Atemwegserkrankungen zu ermitteln. Ein Schwerpunkt der Auswertung galt der Frage, wie sich aus Risikofaktoren, die bereits in der Kindheit erkennbar sind, vorhersagen lässt, dass sich bei Tätigkeitsbeginn in Berufen mit hoher Exposition eine Allergie oder eine Atemwegserkrankung entwickeln wird. Mit den Ergebnissen der Studie kann nicht begründet werden, Jugendlichen mit Risikofaktoren für allergische Atemwegserkrankungen grundsätzlich von Tätigkeiten mit hohem Expositions-Potenzial abzuraten. Die Autoren sprechen sich aber für eine engmaschige arbeitsmedizinische Betreuung junger Erwachsener aus, die am Beginn einer solchen Tätigkeit stehen.

Published
2016

25. 17.-20. September 2014

Author

Universität Ulm. Institut Für Epidemiologie Und Medizinische Biometrie, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, and Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Epidemiologie

Published
2014
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32. The psychometric properties of the German version of the WHOQOL-OLD in the German population aged 60 and older

Author

Universität Leipzig, Universität Hamburg, Universität Ulm, Conrad, Ines, Matschinger, Herbert, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, von Gottberg, Carolin, Kilian, Reinhold, Universität Leipzig, Universität Hamburg, Universität Ulm, Conrad, Ines, Matschinger, Herbert, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, von Gottberg, Carolin, and Kilian, Reinhold

Abstract

Background: The WHOQOL-OLD is an instrument for the assessment of subjective quality of life in elderly people. It is based on the WHO definition of quality of life and is available in more than 20 languages. However, in most countries, the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD have been assessed only on the basis of small local samples and not in representative studies. In this study, the psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD are evaluated based on a representative sample of Germany\''s elderly population. Methods: Face-to-face interviews with 1133 respondents from the German population aged 60 years and older were conducted. Quality of life was assessed by means of the WHOQOL-BREF, the WHOQOL-OLD and the SF12. Moreover, the GDS, the DemTect and the IADL were applied for the assessment of depressive symptoms, cognitive capacities and capacity for carrying out daily activities. Psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD were evaluated by means of classical and probabilistic test theory, confirmatory factor analysis and multivariate regression model.Results: Cronbach\''s alpha was found to be above 0.85 for four and above .75 for two of the six facets of the WHOQOL-OLD. IRT analyses indicated that all items of the WHOQOL-OLD contribute considerably to the measurement of the associated facets. While the six-facet structure of the WHOQOL-OLD was well supported by the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, a common latent factor for the WHOQOL-OLD total scale could not be identified. Correlations with other quality of life measures and multivariate regression models with GDS, IADL and the DemTect indicate a good criterion validity of all six WHOQOL-OLD facets.Conclusions: Study results confirm that the good psychometric properties of the WHOQOL-OLD that have been found in international studies could be replicated in a representative study of the German population. These results suggest that the WHOQOL-OLD is an instrument that is well suited to identify the

Published
2014

36. Verbundprojekt: Erforschung der grundlegenden Eigenschaften von optisch angeregten Halbleiterlasern, Teilvorhaben: Epitaktische Herstellung optisch angeregter Halbleiterlaser im Materialsystem InGaAs/AlGaAs-GaAs : Forschungbericht/Schlussbericht ; Laufzeit: 01. Juli 2003 - 31. Dezember 2006

Author

Universität Ulm, Abteilung Optoelektronik

Subjects
Photoanregung, Epitaxieschicht, InGaAs, Engineering, AlGaAs, Quantenoptik, nichtlineare Optik, Physics, Externe Rückkopplung, Halbleiterlaser, Indiumarsenid, Galliumarsenid, Aluminiumarsenid, Technische Optik
Abstract

Ill., graph. Darst.

Published
2007
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40. Verbundprojekt: Intervallarithmetische Methoden für zeitdiskrete nichtlineare dynamische Systeme zur garantierten Parameterschätzung, Teilprojekt Intervallarithmetische Methoden für zeitdiskrete nichtlineare dynamische Systeme zur garantierten Parameterschätzung - Optimierte Algorithmen : Schlussbericht ; Laufzeit: 01.01.2002 bis 31.03.2005

Author

Universität Ulm, Abteilung Meß-, Regel- Und Mikrotechnik

Subjects
FOS: Mathematics, Mathematics
Abstract

graph. Darst.

Published
2005
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46. The Solvency II square-root formula for systematic biometric risk

Author

UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/ISBA - Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Universität Ulm, Germany - Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Christiansen, Marcus C., Denuit, Michel, Lazar, Dorina, UCL - SSH/IMMAQ/ISBA - Institut de Statistique, Biostatistique et Sciences Actuarielles, Universität Ulm, Germany - Institut für Versicherungswissenschaften, Babes-Bolyai University, Romania - Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Christiansen, Marcus C., Denuit, Michel, and Lazar, Dorina

Abstract

In this paper, we develop a model supporting the so-called square-root formula used in Solvency II to aggregate the modular life SCR. Describing the insurance policy by a Markov jump process, we can obtain expressions similar to the square-root formula in Solvency II by means of limited expansions around the best estimate. Numerical illustrations are given, based on German population data. Even if the square-root formula can be supported by theoretical considerations, it is shown that the QIS correlation matrix is highly questionable

Published
2012

47. New results for the EIE-Surveyor project

Author

SA-IGA ; Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Université Pierre-Mendès-France - Grenoble II - Université Stendhal - Grenoble III - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Université Pierre-Mendès-France - Grenoble II - Université Stendhal - Grenoble III - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Centre de recherche en automatique de Nancy (CRAN) ; CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Instituto Superior Tecnico [Lisboa] (IST) ; Universidade de Lisboa, University of York [York] ; University of York, Dispositifs électroniques (DE) ; Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; Université de Nantes - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - Université de Nantes, Universität Ulm, Institut für Mikrowellentechnik ; Universität Ulm, Institut für Mikrowellentechnik, Ampère ; Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - Ecole Centrale de Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Lyon - CNRS, Laboratoire d'études de l'intégration des composants et systèmes électroniques (IXL) ; CNRS - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I - École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Projet européen Réseau Thématique EIE-Surveyor, EAEEIE, Thiriet, Jean-Marc, Robert, Michel, Martins, Maria João, Ward, Anthony E., Bonnaud, Olivier, Hoffmann, Michael, Yahoui, Hamed, Fremont, Hélène, SA-IGA ; Grenoble Images Parole Signal Automatique (GIPSA-lab) ; CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Université Pierre-Mendès-France - Grenoble II - Université Stendhal - Grenoble III - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology - CNRS - Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble I - Université Pierre-Mendès-France - Grenoble II - Université Stendhal - Grenoble III - Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology, Centre de recherche en automatique de Nancy (CRAN) ; CNRS - Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I - Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL), Instituto Superior Tecnico [Lisboa] (IST) ; Universidade de Lisboa, University of York [York] ; University of York, Dispositifs électroniques (DE) ; Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR) ; Université de Nantes - SUPELEC - Université de Rennes 1 - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) - Rennes - CNRS - Université de Nantes, Universität Ulm, Institut für Mikrowellentechnik ; Universität Ulm, Institut für Mikrowellentechnik, Ampère ; Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I (UCBL) - Ecole Centrale de Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées [INSA] - Lyon - CNRS, Laboratoire d'études de l'intégration des composants et systèmes électroniques (IXL) ; CNRS - Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I - École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Projet européen Réseau Thématique EIE-Surveyor, EAEEIE, Thiriet, Jean-Marc, Robert, Michel, Martins, Maria João, Ward, Anthony E., Bonnaud, Olivier, Hoffmann, Michael, Yahoui, Hamed, and Fremont, Hélène

Abstract

4 pages, International audience, The EIE-Surveyor ERASMUS thematic network has been launched in October 2005 for three years, the end will be in 2008. The purpose of this paper is to present a state of development of the outcomes developed within the project as well as the dissemination policy. This gives an overview of the results of the project, which are available freely from the web-site www.eie-surveyor.org

50. Production and processing of graphene and related materials

Author

Backes, Abdelkader, A.M., Alonso, Andrieux-Ledier, Arenal, Azpeitia, Balakrishnan, Banszerus, Barjon, Bartali, Bellani, Berger, Ortega, M.M.B., Bernard, Beton, P.H., Beyer, Bianco, B?ggild, Bonaccorso, Barin, G.B., Botas, Bueno, R.A., Carriazo, Castellanos-Gomez, Christian, Ciesielski, Ciuk, Cole, M.T., Coleman, Coletti, Crema, Cun, Dasler, De Fazio, D?ez, Drieschner, Duesberg, G.S., Fasel, Feng, Fina, Forti, Galiotis, Garberoglio, Garc?a, J.M., Garrido, J.A., Gibertini, G?lzh?user, G?mez, Greber, Hauke, Hemmi, Hernandez-Rodriguez, Hirsch, Hodge, S.A., Huttel, Jepsen, P.U., Jimenez, Kaiser, Kaplas, Kim, Kis, Papagelis, Kostarelos, Krajewska, Lee, Lipsanen, Liscio, Lohe, M.R., Loiseau, Lombardi, L?pez, M.F., Martin, Mart?n, Mart?nez, Martin-Gago, J.I., Marzari, Mayoral, McManus, Melucci, M?ndez, Merino, Meyer, A.P., Miniussi, Miseikis, Mishra, Morandi, Munuera, Mu?oz, Nolan, Ortolani, Ott, A.K., Palacio, Palermo, Parthenios, Pasternak, Patane, Prato, Prevost, Prudkovskiy, Pugno, Rojo, Rossi, Ruffieux, Samor?, Schu?, Setijadi, Seyller, Speranza, Stampfer, Stenger, Strupinski, Svirko, Taioli, Teo, K.B.K., Testi, Tomarchio, Tortello, Treossi, Turchanin, Vazquez, Villaro, Whelan, P.R., Xia, Yakimova, Yang, Yazdi, G.R., Yim, Yoon, Zhang, Zhuang, Colombo, Ferrari, A.C., Garcia-Hernandez, European Commission, García-Hernández, M., Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Heidelberg University, University of Cambridge, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Université Paris-Saclay, Aragonese Foundation for Research & Development, CSIC, University of Nottingham, RWTH Aachen University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Bruno Kessler Foundation, Italian Institute of Technology, Université Grenoble Alpes, Technische Universität Dresden, Polytechnic University of Turin, University of Zurich, Bielefeld University, Université de Strasbourg, Technical University of Denmark, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CIC energigune, National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, University of Bath, Trinity College Dublin, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Technical University of Munich, Universität der Bundeswehr München, University of Patras, CSIC - Institute of Micro and Nanotechnology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, Avanzare S.L. Technological Innovation, Ulm University, University of Eastern Finland, Institute of Chemical Engineering and High Temperature Chemical Processes, University of Manchester, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, University of Zaragoza, Groupo Antolin I+D+I, Warsaw University of Technology, Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, BEC-INFM, Chemnitz University of Technology, Charles University, Buckingway Business Park, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Interquimica, Linköping University, University of Texas at Dallas, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Backes, C., Abdelkader, A. M., Alonso, C., Andrieux-Ledier, A., Arenal, R., Azpeitia, J., Balakrishnan, N., Banszerus, L., Barjon, J., Bartali, R., Bellani, S., Berger, C., Berger, R., Ortega, M. M. B., Bernard, C., Beton, P. H., Beyer, A., Bianco, A., Boggild, P., Bonaccorso, F., Barin, G. B., Botas, C., Bueno, R. A., Carriazo, D., Castellanos-Gomez, A., Christian, M., Ciesielski, A., Ciuk, T., Cole, M. T., Coleman, J., Coletti, C., Crema, L., Cun, H., Dasler, D., De Fazio, D., Diez, N., Drieschner, S., Duesberg, G. S., Fasel, R., Feng, X., Fina, A., Forti, S., Galiotis, C., Garberoglio, G., Garcia, J. M., Garrido, J. A., Gibertini, M., Golzhauser, A., Gomez, J., Greber, T., Hauke, F., Hemmi, A., Hernandez-Rodriguez, I., Hirsch, A., Hodge, S. A., Huttel, Y., Jepsen, P. U., Jimenez, I., Kaiser, U., Kaplas, T., Kim, H., Kis, A., Papagelis, K., Kostarelos, K., Krajewska, A., Lee, K., Li, C., Lipsanen, H., Liscio, A., Lohe, M. R., Loiseau, A., Lombardi, L., Lopez, M. F., Martin, O., Martin, C., Martinez, L., Martin-Gago, J. A., Martinez, J. I., Marzari, N., Mayoral, A., Mcmanus, J., Melucci, M., Mendez, J., Merino, C., Merino, P., Meyer, A. P., Miniussi, E., Miseikis, V., Mishra, N., Morandi, V., Munuera, C., Munoz, R., Nolan, H., Ortolani, L., Ott, A. K., Palacio, I., Palermo, V., Parthenios, J., Pasternak, I., Patane, A., Prato, M., Prevost, H., Prudkovskiy, V., Pugno, N., Rojo, T., Rossi, A., Ruffieux, P., Samori, P., Schue, L., Setijadi, E., Seyller, T., Speranza, G., Stampfer, C., Stenger, I., Strupinski, W., Svirko, Y., Taioli, S., Teo, K. B. K., Testi, M., Tomarchio, F., Tortello, M., Treossi, E., Turchanin, A., Vazquez, E., Villaro, E., Whelan, P. R., Xia, Z., Yakimova, R., Yang, S., Yazdi, G. R., Yim, C., Yoon, D., Zhang, X., Zhuang, X., Colombo, L., Ferrari, A. C., Garcia-Hernandez, M., Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut [Heidelberg] (PCI), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices and Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research (CRANN-AMBER), Cambridge Graphene Centre (Cambridge, UK), DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (INA), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), Materials Science Factory - ICMM [Madrid], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physics and Astronomy [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fondazione Bruno Kessler [Trento, Italy] (FBK), IIT Graphene Labs, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (NEEL - QuantECA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Politecnico di Torino = Polytechnic of Turin (Polito), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), BeDimensional Spa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Thun] (EMPA), CIC ENERGIGUNE - Parque Tecnol Alava, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM ), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instytut Technologii Materiałów Elektronicznych, Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering [Bath], University of Bath [Bath], Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Walter Schottky Institut Technische Universität München, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EMPA), Center for Advancing Electronics in Dresden (CFAED), European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*-FBK), IMN-Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología (CNM-CSIC), Isaac Newton 8, PTM, 28760 Tres Cantos, Madrid, Spain, Universidad de Alicante, Institut de théorie des phénomènes physiques (EPFL), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Avanzare Innovacion Tecnologica S.L., Center for Nanostructured Graphene, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Electrical Engineering Institute - EPFL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences - Hellas [Crete] (ICE-HT), Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas (FORTH), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University of Manchester [Manchester], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), LEM, UMR 104, CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris-Saclay (Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures), ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Institute of Organic Synthesis and Photoreactivity (ISOF), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física Fundamental [Madrid] (IFF), Istituto per la Microelettronica e i Microsistemi [Bologna] (IMM), University of Exeter, Chalmers University of Technology [Göteborg], Warsaw University of Technology [Warsaw], Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), University of Trento [Trento], School of Engineering and Materials Science [London] (SEMS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnologia, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), University of Calgary, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, University of Linköping [Sweden], University of Texas at Dallas [Richardson] (UT Dallas), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], DPHY, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), QuantECA - Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Politecnico di Torino [Torino] (Polito), University of Patras [Patras], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), LEM, UMR 104 CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], Universidad de Sevilla, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Charles University [Prague], Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Autonomous University of Madrid, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Ecology, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Agencia Aragonesa por la Investigacion y el Desarollo (ARAID), Fundacion ARAID-Gobierno de Aragón [Zaragoza, Espagne], Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas, JARA-FIT, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia DISAT, University of Zürich, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Physics of Supramolecular Systems (Bielefeld University), Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Center for Nanotechnology Innovation, @NEST, Chair of Organic Chemistry II and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, University of Bern, Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, Univ Geneva, DQMP, 24 Quai Ernest, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland, Universität Ulm - Ulm University, Institute of Photonics (Institute of Photonics), University of Shanghai [Shanghai], Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività - ISOF (Bologne, Italie), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), ACM Advanced Carbon Materials (Grupo Antolin Ingenieria), INRES-Chemical Signalling, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Carbon Bionanotechnology Laboratory (CICbiomaGUNE), Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche & INSTM UdR Trieste, Université Trieste, Department of Structural Engineering and Geotechnics, Edoardo Amaldi Foundation, Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Technisches Universität Chemnitz, Institute of Physical Chemistry (Firedrich Schiller University Jena), Linköping University (LIU), Department of Materials Science and Engineering (University of Texas), UAM. Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Circuits électroniques quantiques Alpes (QuantECA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, García-Hernández, M. [0000-0002-5987-0647], European Union (EU), and Horizon 2020

Subjects
Inks of layered materials, Growth of layered material, Materialkemi, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Q1, 01 natural sciences, materials, law.invention, Characterization of layered materials, Functionalization of layered materials, Growth of layered materials, Processing of layered materials, Synthesis of graphene and related materials, law, 540 Chemistry, functionalization of layered, Materials Chemistry, General Materials Science, Graphite, QA, QC, growth of, SYNTHESE DU GRAPHENE ET DES MATERIAUX ASSOCIES, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Processing of layered material, Química, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Exfoliation joint, ddc, Characterization of layered material, layered materials, Nanoröhre, Mechanics of Materials, processing of layered materials, inks of layered materials, characterization of layered materials, functionalization of layered materials, synthesis of graphene and related materials, growth of layered materials, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], PROCÉDURE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE, ddc:620, 0210 nano-technology, 51 Physical Sciences, Graphene nanoribbons, Materials science, 530 Physics, Nanotechnology, 010402 general chemistry, FONCTIONNALISATION DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHES, Monolayer, Functionalization of layered material, ddc:530, Thin film, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall], Nanocomposite, Graphene, Inks of layered material, Mechanical Engineering, Física, General Chemistry, CARACTERISATION DES MATERAUX EN COUCHES, CROISSANCE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE, 5104 Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, 7 Affordable and Clean Energy, ENCRAGE DES MATERIAUX EN COUCHE
Abstract

We present an overview of the main techniques for production and processing of graphene and related materials (GRMs), as well as the key characterization procedures. We adopt a 'hands-on' approach, providing practical details and procedures as derived from literature as well as from the authors' experience, in order to enable the reader to reproduce the results. Section I is devoted to 'bottom up' approaches, whereby individual constituents are pieced together into more complex structures. We consider graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) produced either by solution processing or by on-surface synthesis in ultra high vacuum (UHV), as well carbon nanomembranes (CNM). Production of a variety of GNRs with tailored band gaps and edge shapes is now possible. CNMs can be tuned in terms of porosity, crystallinity and electronic behaviour. Section II covers 'top down' techniques. These rely on breaking down of a layered precursor, in the graphene case usually natural crystals like graphite or artificially synthesized materials, such as highly oriented pyrolythic graphite, monolayers or few layers (FL) flakes. The main focus of this section is on various exfoliation techniques in a liquid media, either intercalation or liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). The choice of precursor, exfoliation method, medium as well as the control of parameters such as time or temperature are crucial. A definite choice of parameters and conditions yields a particular material with specific properties that makes it more suitable for a targeted application. We cover protocols for the graphitic precursors to graphene oxide (GO). This is an important material for a range of applications in biomedicine, energy storage, nanocomposites, etc. Hummers' and modified Hummers' methods are used to make GO that subsequently can be reduced to obtain reduced graphene oxide (RGO) with a variety of strategies. GO flakes are also employed to prepare three-dimensional (3d) low density structures, such as sponges, foams, hydro- or aerogels. The assembly of flakes into 3d structures can provide improved mechanical properties. Aerogels with a highly open structure, with interconnected hierarchical pores, can enhance the accessibility to the whole surface area, as relevant for a number of applications, such as energy storage. The main recipes to yield graphite intercalation compounds (GICs) are also discussed. GICs are suitable precursors for covalent functionalization of graphene, but can also be used for the synthesis of uncharged graphene in solution. Degradation of the molecules intercalated in GICs can be triggered by high temperature treatment or microwave irradiation, creating a gas pressure surge in graphite and exfoliation. Electrochemical exfoliation by applying a voltage in an electrolyte to a graphite electrode can be tuned by varying precursors, electrolytes and potential. Graphite electrodes can be either negatively or positively intercalated to obtain GICs that are subsequently exfoliated. We also discuss the materials that can be amenable to exfoliation, by employing a theoretical data-mining approach. The exfoliation of LMs usually results in a heterogeneous dispersion of flakes with different lateral size and thickness. This is a critical bottleneck for applications, and hinders the full exploitation of GRMs produced by solution processing. The establishment of procedures to control the morphological properties of exfoliated GRMs, which also need to be industrially scalable, is one of the key needs. Section III deals with the processing of flakes. (Ultra)centrifugation techniques have thus far been the most investigated to sort GRMs following ultrasonication, shear mixing, ball milling, microfluidization, and wet-jet milling. It allows sorting by size and thickness. Inks formulated from GRM dispersions can be printed using a number of processes, from inkjet to screen printing. Each technique has specific rheological requirements, as well as geometrical constraints. The solvent choice is critical, not only for the GRM stability, but also in terms of optimizing printing on different substrates, such as glass, Si, plastic, paper, etc, all with different surface energies. Chemical modifications of such substrates is also a key step. Sections IV–VII are devoted to the growth of GRMs on various substrates and their processing after growth to place them on the surface of choice for specific applications. The substrate for graphene growth is a key determinant of the nature and quality of the resultant film. The lattice mismatch between graphene and substrate influences the resulting crystallinity. Growth on insulators, such as SiO2, typically results in films with small crystallites, whereas growth on the close-packed surfaces of metals yields highly crystalline films. Section IV outlines the growth of graphene on SiC substrates. This satisfies the requirements for electronic applications, with well-defined graphene-substrate interface, low trapped impurities and no need for transfer. It also allows graphene structures and devices to be measured directly on the growth substrate. The flatness of the substrate results in graphene with minimal strain and ripples on large areas, allowing spectroscopies and surface science to be performed. We also discuss the surface engineering by intercalation of the resulting graphene, its integration with Si-wafers and the production of nanostructures with the desired shape, with no need for patterning. Section V deals with chemical vapour deposition (CVD) onto various transition metals and on insulators. Growth on Ni results in graphitized polycrystalline films. While the thickness of these films can be optimized by controlling the deposition parameters, such as the type of hydrocarbon precursor and temperature, it is difficult to attain single layer graphene (SLG) across large areas, owing to the simultaneous nucleation/growth and solution/precipitation mechanisms. The differing characteristics of polycrystalline Ni films facilitate the growth of graphitic layers at different rates, resulting in regions with differing numbers of graphitic layers. High-quality films can be grown on Cu. Cu is available in a variety of shapes and forms, such as foils, bulks, foams, thin films on other materials and powders, making it attractive for industrial production of large area graphene films. The push to use CVD graphene in applications has also triggered a research line for the direct growth on insulators. The quality of the resulting films is lower than possible to date on metals, but enough, in terms of transmittance and resistivity, for many applications as described in section V. Transfer technologies are the focus of section VI. CVD synthesis of graphene on metals and bottom up molecular approaches require SLG to be transferred to the final target substrates. To have technological impact, the advances in production of high-quality large-area CVD graphene must be commensurate with those on transfer and placement on the final substrates. This is a prerequisite for most applications, such as touch panels, anticorrosion coatings, transparent electrodes and gas sensors etc. New strategies have improved the transferred graphene quality, making CVD graphene a feasible option for CMOS foundries. Methods based on complete etching of the metal substrate in suitable etchants, typically iron chloride, ammonium persulfate, or hydrogen chloride although reliable, are time- and resource-consuming, with damage to graphene and production of metal and etchant residues. Electrochemical delamination in a low-concentration aqueous solution is an alternative. In this case metallic substrates can be reused. Dry transfer is less detrimental for the SLG quality, enabling a deterministic transfer. There is a large range of layered materials (LMs) beyond graphite. Only few of them have been already exfoliated and fully characterized. Section VII deals with the growth of some of these materials. Amongst them, h-BN, transition metal tri- and di-chalcogenides are of paramount importance. The growth of h-BN is at present considered essential for the development of graphene in (opto) electronic applications, as h-BN is ideal as capping layer or substrate. The interesting optical and electronic properties of TMDs also require the development of scalable methods for their production. Large scale growth using chemical/physical vapour deposition or thermal assisted conversion has been thus far limited to a small set, such as h-BN or some TMDs. Heterostructures could also be directly grown. Section VIII discusses advances in GRM functionalization. A broad range of organic molecules can be anchored to the sp 2 basal plane by reductive functionalization. Negatively charged graphene can be prepared in liquid phase (e.g. via intercalation chemistry or electrochemically) and can react with electrophiles. This can be achieved both in dispersion or on substrate. The functional groups of GO can be further derivatized. Graphene can also be noncovalently functionalized, in particular with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that assemble on the sp 2 carbon network by π–π stacking. In the liquid phase, this can enhance the colloidal stability of SLG/FLG. Approaches to achieve noncovalent on-substrate functionalization are also discussed, which can chemically dope graphene. Research efforts to derivatize CNMs are also summarized, as well as novel routes to selectively address defect sites. In dispersion, edges are the most dominant defects and can be covalently modified. This enhances colloidal stability without modifying the graphene basal plane. Basal plane point defects can also be modified, passivated and healed in ultra-high vacuum. The decoration of graphene with metal nanoparticles (NPs) has also received considerable attention, as it allows to exploit synergistic effects between NPs and graphene. Decoration can be either achieved chemically or in the gas phase. All LMs, can be functionalized and we summarize emerging approaches to covalently and noncovalently functionalize MoS2 both in the liquid and on substrate. Section IX describes some of the most popular characterization techniques, ranging from optical detection to the measurement of the electronic structure. Microscopies play an important role, although macroscopic techniques are also used for the measurement of the properties of these materials and their devices. Raman spectroscopy is paramount for GRMs, while PL is more adequate for non-graphene LMs (see section IX.2). Liquid based methods result in flakes with different thicknesses and dimensions. The qualification of size and thickness can be achieved using imaging techniques, like scanning probe microscopy (SPM) or transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or spectroscopic techniques. Optical microscopy enables the detection of flakes on suitable surfaces as well as the measurement of optical properties. Characterization of exfoliated materials is essential to improve the GRM metrology for applications and quality control. For grown GRMs, SPM can be used to probe morphological properties, as well as to study growth mechanisms and quality of transfer. More generally, SPM combined with smart measurement protocols in various modes allows one to get obtain information on mechanical properties, surface potential, work functions, electrical properties, or effectiveness of functionalization. Some of the techniques described are suitable for 'in situ' characterization, and can be hosted within the growth chambers. If the diagnosis is made 'ex situ', consideration should be given to the preparation of the samples to avoid contamination. Occasionally cleaning methods have to be used prior to measurement., We acknowledge funding from the European Commission Graphene Flagship Core1 (grant agreement 696656) and Core2 (grant agreement 785219).

Published
2020
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