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1. Bioptim, a Python Framework for Musculoskeletal Optimal Control in Biomechanics

Author: Mickaël Begon, Eve Charbonneau, François Bailly, Sanchez L, Benjamin Michaud, Ceglia A, Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Université de Montréal. Laboratoire de simulation et modélisation du mouvement, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique, Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Québec, Canada, Contrôle Artificiel de Mouvements et de Neuroprothèses Intuitives (CAMIN), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: Optimization, Computer science, Automatic differentiation, Interface (computing), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Software, Match moving, Control theory, Biomechanics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, computer.programming_language, business.industry, Python (programming language), Optimal control, Musculoskeletal simulation, Computer Science Applications, Human-Computer Interaction, Nonlinear system, Model predictive control, Control and Systems Engineering, business, computer
Abstract: Musculoskeletal simulations are useful in biomechanics to investigate the causes of movement disorder, to estimate non-measurable physiological quantities or to study the optimality of human movement. We introduce Bioptim, an easy-to-use Python framework for biomechanical optimal control, handling musculoskeletal models. Relying on algorithmic differentiation and the multiple shooting formulation, Bioptim interfaces nonlinear solvers to quickly provide dynamically consistent optimal solutions. The software is both computationally efficient (C++ core) and easily customizable, thanks to its Python interface. It allows to quickly define a variety of biomechanical problems such as motion tracking/prediction, muscle-driven simulations, parameters optimization, multiphase problems, etc. It is also intended for real-time applications such as moving horizon estimation and model predictive control. Six contrasting examples are presented, comprising various models, dynamics, objective functions and constraints. They include data-driven simulations (i.e., a multiphase muscle driven gait cycle and an upper-limb real-time moving horizon estimation of muscle forces) and predictive simulations (i.e., a muscle-driven pointing task, a twisting somersault with a quaternion-based model, a position controller using external forces, and a multiphase torque-driven maximum-height jump motion).
Published: 2023
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2. Infant neurodevelopment and behavior in Guadeloupe after lead exposure and Zika maternal infection during pregnancy

Author: Kadawathagedara, M, Muckle, G, Quenel, P, Michineau, L, Le Bot, B, Hoen, B., Tressieres, B, Multigner, L, Chevrier, C, Cordier, S, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Département des sciences en santé environnementale (DEESSE), Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], This research was funded by: the Agence Française pour la Biodiversité (AFB/2018/172) as part of the national ECOPHYTO PLAN II, within the framework of the French National Research Programme for Environmental and Occupational Health (PNR-EST), coordinated by ANSES, the Regional Health Agency of Guadeloupe (ARS/VSS/2018), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme through the ZIKAlliance project (under Grant Agreement No. 734548). The ZIKA_DFA_FE/BB studies were supported by the French Ministry of Health (Soutien Exceptionnel à la Recherche et à l′Innovation)., Internationale, European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, and A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID
Subjects: Behavior, Infancy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], General Neuroscience, Development, Toxicology, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.TOX] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, Zika, Lead, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Prenatal exposure, [SDV.TOX]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Prenatal lead exposure is known to have neurotoxic effects on the developing fetus, while some viral infections may have a tropism for the central nervous system. Our objective was to study whether the effects of prenatal lead exposure on infant development and behaviors at 18 months of age are modified by the occurrence of a maternal infection to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy. METHODS: During the ZIKV epidemic in Guadeloupe in 2016 a cohort of pregnant women was set up. Blood samples (pregnancy, childbirth and cord) (n = 297) enabled us to measure blood lead levels aimed to determine prenatal lead exposure and the likelihood of maternal infection during pregnancy (ZIKV status + vs -). The 18 months "Ages and Stages Questionnaire" (ASQ) was used to generate scores for global development, fine and gross motor skills, communication, problem solving, and personal-social skills. The questions from a longitudinal cohort study conducted in Canada (Québec) were used to generate hyperactivity, opposition, inattention and physical aggression scores. Associations were tested by multivariate linear regressions. RESULTS: Prenatal lead exposure was associated with delays in neurodevelopment at 18 months, reflected by lower scores in ASQ totals, and in the fine motor and problem-solving domains. Some of these associations appeared to be sex-specific, observed almost exclusively in boys (ASQ total, fine motor and personal-social scores). Prenatal lead exposure was not associated with behavioral scores. ZIKV infection during pregnancy was associated with a lower fine motor ASQ score, and higher scores for hyperactivity, opposition and physical aggression. Significant interaction between prenatal lead exposure and ZIKV status was observed with a lower personal-social score in ZIKV (-) only, and for hyperactivity and inattention scores, though some of these interactions (ASQ personal-social score, inattention score) were no longer significant when children with microcephaly were excluded from the analyses. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Our study confirms previous findings of associations between prenatal exposure to lead at low levels and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes during infancy and the particular vulnerability of boys. It suggests associations between ZIKV infection during pregnancy and adverse effects on a number of neurodevelopmental functions (fine motor function) and behaviors (opposition, hyperactivity), that need to be confirmed at later age. There is no strong evidence of interaction between ZIKV infection and lead exposure but both prenatal risk factors may affect fine motor function.
Published: 2023
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3. Microglia states and nomenclature

Author: Rosa C. Paolicelli, Amanda Sierra, Beth Stevens, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Adriano Aguzzi, Bahareh Ajami, Ido Amit, Etienne Audinat, Ingo Bechmann, Mariko Bennett, Frederick Bennett, Alain Bessis, Knut Biber, Staci Bilbo, Mathew Blurton-Jones, Erik Boddeke, Dora Brites, Bert Brône, Guy C. Brown, Oleg Butovsky, Monica J. Carson, Bernardo Castellano, Marco Colonna, Sally A. Cowley, Colm Cunningham, Dimitrios Davalos, Philip L. De Jager, Bart de Strooper, Adam Denes, Bart J.L. Eggen, Ukpong Eyo, Elena Galea, Sonia Garel, Florent Ginhoux, Christopher K. Glass, Ozgun Gokce, Diego Gomez-Nicola, Berta González, Siamon Gordon, Manuel B. Graeber, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, Pierre Gressens, Melanie Greter, David H. Gutmann, Christian Haass, Michael T. Heneka, Frank L. Heppner, Soyon Hong, David A. Hume, Steffen Jung, Helmut Kettenmann, Jonathan Kipnis, Ryuta Koyama, Greg Lemke, Marina Lynch, Ania Majewska, Marzia Malcangio, Tarja Malm, Renzo Mancuso, Takahiro Masuda, Michela Matteoli, Barry W. McColl, Veronique E. Miron, Anna Victoria Molofsky, Michelle Monje, Eva Mracsko, Agnes Nadjar, Jonas J. Neher, Urte Neniskyte, Harald Neumann, Mami Noda, Bo Peng, Francesca Peri, V. Hugh Perry, Phillip G. Popovich, Clare Pridans, Josef Priller, Marco Prinz, Davide Ragozzino, Richard M. Ransohoff, Michael W. Salter, Anne Schaefer, Dorothy P. Schafer, Michal Schwartz, Mikael Simons, Cody J. Smith, Wolfgang J. Streit, Tuan Leng Tay, Li-Huei Tsai, Alexei Verkhratsky, Rommy von Bernhardi, Hiroaki Wake, Valérie Wittamer, Susanne A. Wolf, Long-Jun Wu, Tony Wyss-Coray, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Howard Hughes Medical Institute [Boston] (HHMI), Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)-Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co KG, Abbott GmbH & Co KG, Duke University [Durham], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC), Universidade de Lisboa, This work was supported by grants from the Dementia Research Switzerland– Synapsis Foundation, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF 310030_197940), and European Research Council (ERC StGrant REMIND 804949) to R.C.P., the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Competitiveness MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 and FEDER ‘‘A way to make Europe’’ (RTI2018099267-B-I00 and RYC-2013-12817), a Tatiana Foundation award (P-048FTPGB 2018), and a Basque Government Department of Education project (PIBA 2020_1_0030) to A.S., Cure Alzheimer’s Fund and Alzheimer’s Association to B.S., the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (foundation grant 341846, project grant 461831) and Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (discovery grant RGPIN-2014-05308) to M.E.T. M.E.T. is a Tier II Canada Research Chair in Neurobiology of Aging and Cognition. This work was also funded by DFG CRC/TRR167 ‘‘NeuroMac’’ to I.A., J.P., M.P., and S.J. and by DFG SFB 1052, Project 209933838 to I.B. Australian Research Council support for project DP150104472 to M.B.G. is gratefully acknowledged., European Project: DP150104472,ARC::Discovery Projects(2015), European Project: 7469381(1974), European Project: 7244968(1972), Brown, Guy [0000-0002-3610-1730], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Neurology & Neurosurgery, [SDV.NEU.NB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Neurobiology, General Neuroscience, Neurosciences, Psychology, Cognitive Sciences, ddc:610, Human medicine, Microglia
Abstract: International audience; Microglial research has advanced considerably in recent decades yet has been constrained by a rolling series of dichotomies such as "resting versus activated" and "M1 versus M2." This dualistic classification of good or bad microglia is inconsistent with the wide repertoire of microglial states and functions in development, plasticity, aging, and diseases that were elucidated in recent years. New designations continuously arising in an attempt to describe the different microglial states, notably defined using transcriptomics and proteomics, may easily lead to a misleading, although unintentional, coupling of categories and functions. To address these issues, we assembled a group of multidisciplinary experts to discuss our current understanding of microglial states as a dynamic concept and the importance of addressing microglial function. Here, we provide a conceptual framework and recommendations on the use of microglial nomenclature for researchers, reviewers, and editors, which will serve as the foundations for a future white paper.
Published: 2022
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4. Inertial Measurement Units and Partial Least Square Regression to Predict Perceived Exertion During Repetitive Fatiguing Piano Tasks

Author: Goubault, Etienne, Verdugo, Felipe, Bailly, François, Begon, Mickaël, Maso, Fabien Dal, Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Québec, Canada, Contrôle Artificiel de Mouvements et de Neuroprothèses Intuitives (CAMIN), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)
Subjects: [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023
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5. RAD51 protects against nonconservative DNA double-strand break repair through a nonenzymatic function

Author: Ayeong So, Elodie Dardillac, Ali Muhammad, Catherine Chailleux, Laura Sesma-Sanz, Sandrine Ragu, Eric Le Cam, Yvan Canitrot, Jean Yves Masson, Pauline Dupaigne, Bernard S Lopez, Josée Guirouilh-Barbat, [Institut Cochin] Département Développement, Reproduction et Cancer (DRC), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Intégrité du génome et cancers (IGC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Axe Oncologie [CRCHU de Québec], Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Guirouilh-Barbat, Josée
Subjects: DNA End-Joining Repair, DNA Repair, genetic processes, DNA, Single-Stranded, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Chromatin, enzymes and coenzymes (carbohydrates), [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, health occupations, Genetics, Humans, DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded, Rad51 Recombinase, biological phenomena, cell phenomena, and immunity
Abstract: Selection of the appropriate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway is decisive for genetic stability. It is proposed to act according to two steps: 1-canonical nonhomologous end-joining (C-NHEJ) versus resection that generates single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) stretches; 2-on ssDNA, gene conversion (GC) versus nonconservative single-strand annealing (SSA) or alternative end-joining (A-EJ). Here, we addressed the mechanisms by which RAD51 regulates this second step, preventing nonconservative repair in human cells. Silencing RAD51 or BRCA2 stimulated both SSA and A-EJ, but not C-NHEJ, validating the two-step model. Three different RAD51 dominant-negative forms (DN-RAD51s) repressed GC and stimulated SSA/A-EJ. However, a fourth DN-RAD51 repressed SSA/A-EJ, although it efficiently represses GC. In living cells, the three DN-RAD51s that stimulate SSA/A-EJ failed to load efficiently onto damaged chromatin and inhibited the binding of endogenous RAD51, while the fourth DN-RAD51, which inhibits SSA/A-EJ, efficiently loads on damaged chromatin. Therefore, the binding of RAD51 to DNA, rather than its ability to promote GC, is required for SSA/A-EJ inhibition by RAD51. We showed that RAD51 did not limit resection of endonuclease-induced DSBs, but prevented spontaneous and RAD52-induced annealing of complementary ssDNA in vitro. Therefore, RAD51 controls the selection of the DSB repair pathway, protecting genome integrity from nonconservative DSB repair through ssDNA occupancy, independently of the promotion of CG.
Published: 2022
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6. T cell apoptosis characterizes severe Covid-19 disease

Author: Sonia André, Morgane Picard, Renaud Cezar, Florence Roux-Dalvai, Aurélie Alleaume-Butaux, Calaiselvy Soundaramourty, André Santa Cruz, Ana Mendes-Frias, Clarisse Gotti, Mickaël Leclercq, Alexandre Nicolas, Alexandra Tauzin, Alexandre Carvalho, Carlos Capela, Jorge Pedrosa, António Gil Castro, Lucy Kundura, Paul Loubet, Albert Sotto, Laurent Muller, Jean-Yves Lefrant, Claire Roger, Pierre-Géraud Claret, Sandra Duvnjak, Tu-Anh Tran, Gina Racine, Ouafa Zghidi-Abouzid, Pierre Nioche, Ricardo Silvestre, Arnaud Droit, Fabrizio Mammano, Pierre Corbeau, Jérôme Estaquier, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Biomedtech Facilities (UMS 2009 / US36), Universidade do Minho = University of Minho [Braga], ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory [Braga/Guimarães, Portugal] (AL), Hospital Escala Braga [Braga, Portugal], Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Dupuis, Christine
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Fas Ligand Protein, SARS-CoV-2, T-Lymphocytes, Immune cell death, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COVID-19, Apoptosis, Cell Biology, Microbiology, Article, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Caspases, Lymphopenia, Humans, fas Receptor, Molecular Biology
Abstract: Severe SARS-CoV-2 infections are characterized by lymphopenia, but the mechanisms involved are still elusive. Based on our knowledge of HIV pathophysiology, we hypothesized that SARS-CoV-2 infection-mediated lymphopenia could also be related to T cell apoptosis. By comparing intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU COVID-19 patients with age-matched healthy donors, we found a strong positive correlation between plasma levels of soluble FasL (sFasL) and T cell surface expression of Fas/CD95 with the propensity of T cells to die and CD4 T cell counts. Plasma levels of sFasL and T cell death are correlated with CXCL10 which is part of the signature of 4 biomarkers of disease severity (ROC, 0.98). We also found that members of the Bcl-2 family had modulated in the T cells of COVID-19 patients. More importantly, we demonstrated that the pan-caspase inhibitor, Q-VD, prevents T cell death by apoptosis and enhances Th1 transcripts. Altogether, our results are compatible with a model in which T-cell apoptosis accounts for T lymphopenia in individuals with severe COVID-19. Therefore, a strategy aimed at blocking caspase activation could be beneficial for preventing immunodeficiency in COVID-19 patients.
Published: 2022
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7. On the use of heated needle probes for measuring snow thermal conductivity

Author: Kévin Fourteau, Pascal Hagenmuller, Jacques Roulle, Florent Domine, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: snow physics, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Snow, glaciological instruments and methods, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: Heated needle probes provide the most convenient method to measure snow thermal conductivity. Recent studies have suggested that this method underestimates snow thermal conductivity; however the reasons for this discrepancy have not been elucidated. We show that it originates from the fact that, while the theory behind the method assumes that the measurements reach a logarithmic regime, this regime is not reached within the standard measurement procedure. Using the needle probe without this logarithmic regime leads to thermal conductivity underestimations of tens of percents. Moreover, we show that the poor thermal contact between the probe and the snow due to insertion damages results in a further underestimation. Thus, we encourage the use of fixed needle probes, set up before the snow season and buried under snowfalls, rather than hand-inserted probes. Finally, we propose a method to correct the measurements performed with such fixed needle probes buried in snow. This correction is based on a lookup table, derived specifically for the Hukseflux TP02 needle probe model, frequently used in snow studies. Comparison between corrected measurements and independent estimations of snow thermal conductivity obtained with numerical simulations shows an overall improvement of the needle probe values after application of the correction.
Published: 2022
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8. Detection of antibodies against the huntingtin protein in human plasma

Author: Denis, Hélèna L., Alpaugh, Melanie, Alvarez, Claudia P., Fenyi, Alexis, Barker, Roger A., Chouinard, Sylvain, Arrowsmith, Cheryl H., Melki, Ronald, Labib, Richard, Harding, Rachel J., Cicchetti, Francesca, Cicchetti, Francesca [0000-0001-5490-1961], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Service MIRCEN (MIRCEN), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Princess Margaret Hospital, École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology [Toronto], and ANR-17-JPCD-0002,TransPathND,Intraneuronal transport-related pathways across neurodegenerative diseases(2017)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Huntingtin Protein, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neurodegenerative Diseases, Cell Biology, Antibodies, Plasma, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Huntington Disease, Humans, Molecular Medicine, Original Article, Human samples, Molecular Biology, Huntington’s disease
Abstract: Funder: Huntington Society of Canada; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009836, Funder: NIHR BioResource; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100017751, Funder: Huntington's Disease Society of America; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000887, Huntington’s disease (HD) is a dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder resulting from a CAG expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) gene, which leads to the production and accumulation of mutant huntingtin (mHTT). While primarily considered a disorder of the central nervous system, multiple changes have been described to occur throughout the body, including activation of the immune system. In other neurodegenerative disorders, activation of the immune system has been shown to include the production of antibodies against disease-associated pathological proteins. However, the existence of mHTT-targeted antibodies has never been reported. In this study, we assessed the presence and titer of antibodies recognizing HTT/mHTT in patients with HD (n = 66) and age- and gender-matched healthy controls (n = 66) using a combination of Western blotting and ELISA. Together, these analyses revealed that antibodies capable of recognizing HTT/mHTT were detectable in the plasma samples of all participants, including healthy controls. When antibody levels were monitored at different disease stages, it was observed that antibodies against full-length mHTT were highest in patients with severe disease while antibodies against HTTExon1 were elevated in patients with mild disease. Combined, these results suggest that antibodies detecting different forms of mHTT peak at different disease stages.
Published: 2023
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9. Effects of meteorology and soil moisture on the spatio-temporal evolution of the depth hoar layer in the polar desert snowpack

Author: Florent Domine, Daniel Fortier, Gautier Davesne, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Arctic snowpack, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 15. Life on land, Snowpack, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, depth hoar, 13. Climate action, polar desert, thermal conductivity, soil moisture, Water content, Layer (electronics), Depth hoar, Geology, Polar desert, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: In polar deserts, depth hoar (hereinafter: DH) growth is not systematic unlike on tundra and this is critical for snowpack properties. Here, we address the spatio-temporal variability of the DH layer in the polar desert at two sites in the Canadian High Arctic: Ward Hunt Island (83° N) and Resolute Bay (75° N). Our data show that, over humid areas, DH represented a larger fraction of the snowpack and was characterized by lower density and coarser crystals than over dry gravelly areas. Increased soil moisture extends the zero-curtain period during freeze-up, leading to stronger temperature gradients in the snowpack and greater kinetic metamorphism. Our results also demonstrate that the large inter-annual variability in DH is primarily driven by wind conditions in the fall since this key variable controls the initial snow density and snow onset date. These strong controls exerted by soil moisture and meteorological conditions on DH growth in polar deserts highlight the possibility of major changes in polar snowpacks physical properties in response to the rapid climate and environmental changes currently affecting these regions.
Published: 2021
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10. Development of a diffuse reflectance probe for in situ measurement of inherent optical properties in sea ice

Author: C. Perron, C. Katlein, S. Lambert-Girard, E. Leymarie, L.-P. Guinard, P. Marquet, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], and Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Materials science, Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Monte Carlo method, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Sea ice, GE1-350, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Diffusion (business), Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], QE1-996.5, geography.geographical_feature_category, Scattering, Geology, Computational physics, Environmental sciences, Orders of magnitude (time), Attenuation coefficient, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Diffuse reflection
Abstract: Detailed characterization of the spatially and temporally varying inherent optical properties (IOPs) of sea ice is necessary to better predict energy and mass balances, as well as ice-associated primary production. Here we present the development of an active optical probe to measure IOPs of a small volume of sea ice (dm3) in situ and non-destructively. The probe is derived from the diffuse reflectance method used to measure the IOPs of human tissues. The instrument emits light into the ice by the use of an optical fibre. Backscattered light is measured at multiple distances away from the source using several receiving fibres. Comparison to a Monte Carlo simulated lookup table allows, in theory, retrieval of the absorption coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient and a phase function similarity parameter γ, introduced by Bevilacqua and Depeursinge (1999). γ depends on the two first moments of the Legendre polynomials, allowing the analysis of the backscattered light not satisfying the diffusion regime. The depth reached into the medium by detected photons was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations: the maximum depth reached by 95 % of the detected photons was between 40±2 and 270±20 mm depending on the source–detector distance and on the ice scattering properties. The magnitude of the instrument validation error on the reduced scattering coefficient ranged from 0.07 % for the most scattering medium to 35 % for the less scattering medium over the 2 orders of magnitude we validated. Fixing the absorption coefficient and γ, which proved difficult to measure, vertical profiles of the reduced scattering coefficient were obtained with decimetre resolution on first-year Arctic interior sea ice on Baffin Island in early spring 2019. We measured values of up to 7.1 m−1 for the uppermost layer of interior ice and down to 0.15±0.05 m−1 for the bottommost layer. These values are in the range of polar interior sea ice measurements published by other authors. The inversion of the reduced scattering coefficient at this scale was strongly dependent on the value of γ, highlighting the need to define the higher moments of the phase function. This newly developed probe provides a fast and reliable means for measurement of scattering in sea ice.
Published: 2021
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11. Human RAD52 stimulates the RAD51-mediated homology search

Author: Ali Akbar Muhammad, Thibault Peterlini, José Guirouilh-Barbat, Xavier Veaute, Didier Busso, Bernard Lopez, Jean-Yves Masson, Gérard Mazon, Eric Le Cam, Pauline Dupaigne, Intégrité du génome et cancers (IGC), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Stabilité génétique, cellules souches et radiations (SGCSR (U_1274 / UMR_E_008)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (IRCM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Axe Oncologie [CRCHU de Québec], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Guirouilh-Barbat, Josée, and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics
Abstract: Homologous recombination (HR) is a DNA repair mechanism of double strand breaks and blocked replication forks that involves a process of homology search and homologous pairing leading to the formation of synaptic intermediates whose architecture and dynamics are tightly regulated to ensure genome integrity. In this mechanism, RAD51 recombinase plays a central role and is supported by many partner including BRCA2 and RAD52. If the mediator function of BRCA2 to load RAD51 on RPA-covered ssDNA is well established, the role of RAD52 in HR, more precisely its interplay with BRCA2 is still far from understood. We have used Transmission Electron Microscopy combined with biochemistry to characterize the sequential participation of RPA, RAD52 and BRCA2 in the assembly of the RAD51 filament, its architecture and its activity. Despite our results confirm that RAD52 lacks a mediator activity, we observed that RAD52 can tightly bind to RPA-coated ssDNA, inhibit the mediator role of BRCA2 and form shorter RAD52- and RAD51-containing mixed filaments that are more efficient in subsequent homology search and formation of synaptic complexes and D-loops, resulting in more frequent multi-invasions as well. Through the characterization of the behavior of RAD52 and BRCA2, these results provide new molecular insights on the formation and regulation of presynaptic and synaptic intermediates during human HR.
Published: 2022

12. Proximal-to-Distal Sequences of Attack and Release Movements of Expert Pianists during Pressed-Staccato Keystrokes

Author: Sylvie Gibet, Felipe Verdugo, Marcelo M. Wanderley, Mickaël Begon, Université de Montréal. Faculté de médecine. École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l'activité physique, Centre interdisciplinaire de recherche en musique, médias et technologie, Hôpital Sainte-Justine.‏ ‎Centre de recherche, Input Devices and Music Interaction Laboratory (IDMIL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Laboratoire de Simulation et de Modélisation du Mouvement, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Québec, Canada, Expressiveness in Human Centered Data/Media (EXPRESSION), MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département de Kinésiologie, Université de Montréal, Laval, Québec, Canada, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes)
Subjects: Wrist Joint, Piano performance, Kinematic chain, medicine.medical_specialty, Movement, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Proximal-to-distal sequencing, Cognitive Neuroscience, Biophysics, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, Articulation, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Staccato, Kinematics, Wrist, Motion capture, Upper Extremity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Scapula, medicine, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, food and beverages, 030229 sport sciences, Trunk, Biomechanical Phenomena, Trunk motion, medicine.anatomical_structure, Touch, Temporal organization, Psychology, Music, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The aims of this study were to i) evaluate proximal-to-distal sequencing (PDS) in pianists’ attack and release movements during pressed-staccato keystrokes, and ii) investigate if trunk motion facilitates PDS of upper-limb movements. Nine expert pianists performed a series of loud pressed-staccato keystrokes. Kinematic data was recorded with a 3 D motion capture system. PDS was assessed by comparing temporal organization of peak velocities from the pelvis to the wrist. Evidence of PDS was found across the kinematic chain. Pianists’ use of PDS differed mainly between scapula and shoulder movements. Trunk motion facilitated PDS by increasing anticipatory shoulder movements and by preceding shoulder-girdle attack and release movements. Implications might relate to research on performance optimization and injury prevention strategies.
Published: 2021
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13. Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of the Replication-Competent HIV Reservoir in Treated Patients

Author: Alexandre Nicolas, Julie Migraine, Jacques Dutrieux, Maud Salmona, Alexandra Tauzin, Atsuko Hachiya, Jérôme Estaquier, Jean-Michel Molina, François Clavel, Allan J. Hance, Fabrizio Mammano, Génétique et Ecologie des Virus, Génétique des Virus et Pathogénèse des Maladies Virales, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center [Nagoya, Japan] (NHONMC), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Morphogénèse et antigénicité du VIH et du virus des Hépatites (MAVIVH - U1259 Inserm - CHRU Tours ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Mammano, Fabrizio
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Microbiology (medical), reservoir, human immunodeficiency virus, treatment, General Immunology and Microbiology, Ecology, Physiology, genotypic diversity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], HIV Infections, Genome, Viral, Cell Biology, Viral Load, Virus Latency, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Anti-Retroviral Agents, Proviruses, HIV-1, Genetics, Humans, Viremia, genotypic identification
Abstract: International audience; In HIV infection, viral rebound after treatment discontinuation is considered to originate predominantly from viral genomes integrated in resting CD4+ T lymphocytes. Replication-competent proviral genomes represent a minority of the total HIV DNA. While the quantification of the HIV reservoir has been extensively studied, the diversity of genomes that compose the reservoir was less explored. Here, we measured the genotypic and phenotypic diversity in eight patients with different treatment histories. Between 4 and 14 (mean, 8) individual viral isolates per patient were obtained using a virus outgrowth assay, and their near-full-length genomes were sequenced. The mean pairwise distance (MPD) observed in different patients correlated with the time before undetectable viremia was achieved (r = 0.864, P = 0.0194), suggesting that the complexity of the replication-competent reservoir mirrors that present at treatment initiation. No correlation was instead observed between MPD and the duration of successful treatment (mean, 8 years; range, 2 to 21 years). For 5 of the 8 patients, genotypically identical viral isolates were observed in independent wells, suggesting clonal expansion of infected cells. Identical viruses represented between 25 and 60% of the isolates (mean, 48%). The proportion of identical viral isolates correlated with the duration of treatment (r = 0.822, P = 0.0190), suggesting progressive clonal expansion of infected cells during ART. A broader range of infectivity was also observed among isolates from patients with delayed viremia control (r = 0.79, P = 0.025). This work unveiled differences in the genotypic and phenotypic features of the replication-competent reservoir from treated patients and suggests that delaying treatment results in increased diversity of the reservoir. IMPORTANCE In HIV-infected and effectively treated individuals, integrated proviral genomes may persist for decades. The vast majority of the genomes, however, are defective, and only the replication-competent fraction represents a threat of viral reemergence. The quantification of the reservoir has been thoroughly explored, while the diversity of the genomes has been insufficiently studied. Its characterization, however, is relevant for the design of strategies aiming the reduction of the reservoir. Here, we explored the replication-competent near-full-length HIV genomes of eight patients who experienced differences in the delay before viremia control and in treatment duration. We found that delayed effective treatment was associated with increased genetic diversity of the reservoir. The duration of treatment did not impact the diversity but was associated with higher frequency of clonally expanded sequences. Thus, early treatment initiation has the double advantage of reducing both the size and the diversity of the reservoir.
Published: 2022
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14. Enquête nationale sur les discriminations à l'université. Analyses et résultats de l'étude pilote

Author: Hajjat, Abdellali, Dhume, Fabrice, Cognet, Marguerite, Rodrigues, Cécile, Bozec, Géraldine, Blassel, Romane, Hamel, Christelle, Weiss, Pierre-Olivier, Bao, Tana, Karimi, Hanane, Gillet, Camille, Longuet, Lucie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches Administratives, Politiques et Sociales - UMR 8026 (CERAPS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut national d'études démographiques (INED), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre méditerranéen de sociologie, de science politique et d’histoire (Mesopolhis), Sciences Po Aix - Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence (IEP Aix-en-Provence)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Caribéen du Climat Scolaire (OCCS), Centre de recherches et de ressources en éducation et formation [UR6_3] (CRREF), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), chaire de recherche Bienêtre à l’école et prévention de la violence, CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)
Subjects: [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology
Abstract: ACADISCRI est un projet de recherche qui vise à mesurer et comprendre les discriminations auxquels ces dernier.es peuvent se trouver confronté.es les étudiant.es et des personnels de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. L’enquête repose sur l’hypothèse que l’expérience des discriminations varie selon les disciplines académiques, les statuts et degrés de précarité, les profils sociodémographiques des personnes concernées (étudiant.e.s et personnels), le niveau d’études, les rapports hiérarchiques, ou encore la dynamique des établissements (climats de travail, politiques, organisations).Initialement centré sur « l’expérience du racisme et des discriminations raciales dans l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche » ― à la suite du colloque « Racisme et discrimination raciale, de l’école à l’université » (Paris Diderot, septembre 2018) ― le projet de recherche ACADISCRI a progressivement intégré toutes les formes d'« inégalités de traitement » liées à l’ensemble des motifs de discrimination : sexisme, racisme, LGBT+-phobies, validisme, discrimination pour engagement syndical ou opinions politiques. Le cadrage a donc évolué, mais la base est demeurée stable : la structure du questionnaire initial qui fut testé dans l’établissement Pilote conférait une prime à certains rapports sociaux ― liés à la dimension raciale (incluant la religion) et celle du genre ―, tandis que celui qui fut déployé dans les autres universités recueille des éléments de victimation pour tous les motifs de discrimination et ambitionne davantage de travailler la dimension intersectionnelle.Plus de trois ans après son démarrage et malgré de nombreuses difficultés (pour partie liée à l'épidémie du COVID_19 et ses conséquences sur la vie des universités et pour une autre liée à la mise en œuvre concrète du règlement général sur la protection des données (RGPD) adoptée en 2018), l’enquête ACADISCRI livre ses premiers résultats. Les données présentées dans ce rapport restituent une partie des analyses concernant l'établissement Pilote. Elles devront être consolidées et confirmées par l’analyse des données des autres établissements, dont la collecte ou le traitement sont encore en cours. Néanmoins, ces premières analyses montrent déjà l’ampleur du problème des discriminations dans le domaine de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la recherche. Ce document de travail s'inscrit dans une série de textes résultant de l'exploitation de l'enquête « ACADISCRI. Enquête sur les inégalités de traitement, les conditions d'étude et de travail dans l'enseignement supérieur et la recherche ». Il s'agit d'une version de travail qui n'est pas destinée à être publiée en l'état sans accord de l'équipe coordonnant le projet.
Published: 2022

15. L’École a-t-elle résisté au séisme du COVID-19 ?

Author: Weiss, Pierre-Olivier, Issaieva, Élisabeth, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre méditerranéen de sociologie, de science politique et d’histoire (Mesopolhis), Sciences Po Aix - Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence (IEP Aix-en-Provence)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Caribéen du Climat Scolaire (OCCS), Centre de recherches et de ressources en éducation et formation [UR6_3] (CRREF), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), chaire de recherche Bienêtre à l’école et prévention de la violence, CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: Inégalités scolaires, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Education Francophone Spaces, Educational continuity, Éducation Espaces francophones, Pratiques éducatives, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Educational Inequalities, COVID-19, Continuité pédagogique, Students and teacher interaction, Étudiants -- Numérique, Educational practices
Abstract: Dossier complet ici : https://journals.openedition.org/ced/3340; International audience; This pandemic has both (re)highlighted and accentuated pre-existing inequalities between territories across the planet, reminding us of the unequal distribution of economic, social and educational capital, a thesis defended over half a century ago by Jean-Claude Passeron and Pierre Bourdieu. The COVID-19 pandemic that is currently affecting most of the world's countries is now a long-term phenomenon. Indeed, as long as it is not completely under control (will it be? And in what time frame?), each and every one of us may feel psychological, social and health consequences depending on our personal or professional situation. As the third school and university year marked by the pandemic begins in some countries or territories, this issue 19 of the journal Contexts and Didactics takes the challenge of taking a different time frame from that of the pandemic. It thus proposes to welcome contributions that are certainly part of the continuation of the analyses on pedagogical continuity already begun, but that investigate the consequences of the pandemic in the longer term and this in diverse cultural and institutional contexts, and that can be done in a lessons learned dimension, for some, but also with a view to considering the future of education and training.; Cette pandémie a tant (re)mis en lumière qu’accentué les inégalités préexistantes entre territoires d’un bout à l’autre de la planète nous rappelant l’inégale répartition du capital à la fois économique, social et scolaire, une thèse défendue il y a plus d’un demi-siècle par Jean-Claude Passeron et Pierre Bourdieu. La pandémie de COVID-19 qui frappe actuellement la majeure partie des pays du monde s’inscrit désormais dans un temps long. En effet, tant qu’elle ne sera pas complètement maîtrisée (le sera-t-telle ? Et dans quelle temporalité ?), chacun et chacune pourra ressentir des conséquences psychologiques, sociales et de santé en fonction de sa situation personnelle ou professionnelle. Alors que commence, dans certains pays ou territoires, la troisième année scolaire et universitaire marquée par la pandémie, ce numéro 19 de la revue Contextes et Didactiquesfait le pari de s’inscrire dans une temporalité autre que celle de la pandémie. Il se propose ainsi d’accueillir des contributions qui s’inscrivent certes dans la poursuite des analyses sur la continuité pédagogique déjà entamées mais investiguant les conséquences de la pandémie à plus long terme et ceci dans des contextes culturels et institutionnels divers et qui peut se faire dans une dimension de lessons learned, pour certains, mais aussi en vue d’envisager le futur de l’éducation et de la formation.
Published: 2022
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16. Integrating and reporting full multi-view supervised learning experiments using SuMMIT

Author: Bauvin, Baptiste, Corbeil, Jacques, Benielli, Dominique, Koço, Sokol, Capponi, Cecile, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), éQuipe d'AppRentissage de MArseille (QARMA), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Aix-Marseille Université - Faculté des Sciences (AMU SCI), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)
Subjects: Benchmarking, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Multimodal, Reproducible Research, Modularity, Interpretability, Explainability, Classification, Supervised, Python
Abstract: SuMMIT (Supervised Multi Modal Integration Tool) is a software offering many functionalities for running, tuning, and analyzing experiments of supervised classification tasks specifically designed for multi-view data sets. SuMMIT is part of a platform 1 that aggregates multiple tools to deal with multiview datasets such as scikit-multimodallearn (Benielli et al., 2021) or MAGE (Bauvin et al., 2021). This paper presents use cases of SuMMIT, including hyper-parameters optimization, demonstrating the usefulness of such a platform for dealing with the complexity of multi-view benchmarking on an imbalanced dataset. SuMMIT is powered by Python3 and based on scikit-learn, making it easy to use and extend by plugging one's own specific algorithms, score functions or adding new features 2. By using continuous integration, we encourage collaborative development.
Published: 2022

17. Impact of maternal prenatal psychological stress on birth weight

Author: George M. Tarabulsy, Joanie Mélançon, Réjean Tessier, Damien Bouvier, Yves Giguère, Jean-Claude Forest, Nathalie Bernard, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Assuncao de Carvalho, Manuela, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, medicine.disease_cause, Logistic regression, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, low birth weight infant, Prenatal Diagnosis, prenatal psychological stress, Fetal macrosomia, Birth Weight, Humans, Medicine, Psychological stress, Prospective Studies, Applied Psychology, Pregnancy, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030505 public health, business.industry, Obstetrics, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Low Birth Weight, medicine.disease, Pregnancy Complications, Psychiatry and Mental health, Low birth weight, Increased risk, fetal macrosomia, Gestation, Female, pregnancy, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, Stress, Psychological, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of prenatal maternal stress on birth weight using a large cohort of predominantly Caucasian women living in an urban area. Method: Women were recruited between 2005 and 2010. Data collection took place between the 24th and the 28th week of gestation. The Measure of Psychological Stress (MSP-9), a validated tool to assess stress symptoms, was used to collect data on prenatal maternal stress (independent variable). Birth weight (dependent variable) was classified as low birth weight (LBW; 2,500 g), normal birth weight (NBW; 2,500-4,000 g), and macrosomia (>4,000 g). Adjusted odd ratios (aOR) were obtained after performing multivariate logistic regressions adjusted for potential cofounders. At the final stage, 5,721 women were included in analysis. Results: When compared with women experiencing low stress, participants with high-stress scores were at increased risk of delivering an infant with LBW before adjustment [OR = 2.06, 95% CI (1.04-4.09)], but, after adjustment, only a nonsignificant trend remained. However, women experiencing intermediate and high levels of stress were at increased risk of delivering a baby with macrosomia, even after adjustment [aOR = 1.23 ; 95% CI (1.02-1.49)] and [aOR = 1.76 ; 95% CI (1.11-2.77)] compared to those who scored low on the psychological stress scale. Conclusion: Women exposed to high self-reported psychological stress during second trimester (24 th to 28 th weeks) of pregnancy have a 1.7-fold increased risk for delivering a baby with macrosomia when compared to women exposed to low psychological stress.
Published: 2020
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18. Cumulative learning enables convolutional neural network representations for small mass spectrometry data classification

Author: Philippe Saudemont, Arnaud Droit, Frédéric Precioso, Nina Ogrinc, Isabelle Fournier, Khawla Seddiki, Maxence Wisztorski, Michel Salzet, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Modèles et algorithmes pour l’intelligence artificielle (MAASAI), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (JAD), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), INSERM, Université de Lille, and Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U1192
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Databases, Factual, Computer science, Science, education, Data classification, General Physics and Astronomy, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Convolutional neural network, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Machine Learning, 03 medical and health sciences, Deep Learning, 0302 clinical medicine, Component (UML), Animals, Humans, Preprocessor, Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted, lcsh:Science, Representation (mathematics), Data processing, Multidisciplinary, Mass spectrometry, business.industry, General Chemistry, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, lcsh:Q, Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial intelligence, Transfer of learning, Raw data, business, computer
Abstract: Rapid and accurate clinical diagnosis remains challenging. A component of diagnosis tool development is the design of effective classification models with Mass spectrometry (MS) data. Some Machine Learning approaches have been investigated but these models require time-consuming preprocessing steps to remove artifacts, making them unsuitable for rapid analysis. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been found to perform well under such circumstances since they can learn representations from raw data. However, their effectiveness decreases when the number of available training samples is small, which is a common situation in medicine. In this work, we investigate transfer learning on 1D-CNNs, then we develop a cumulative learning method when transfer learning is not powerful enough. We propose to train the same model through several classification tasks over various small datasets to accumulate knowledge in the resulting representation. By using rat brain as the initial training dataset, a cumulative learning approach can have a classification accuracy exceeding 98% for 1D clinical MS-data. We show the use of cumulative learning using datasets generated in different biological contexts, on different organisms, and acquired by different instruments. Here we show a promising strategy for improving MS data classification accuracy when only small numbers of samples are available., Convolutional Neural Networks are powerful tools for clinical diagnosis but their effectiveness decreases when the number of available samples is small. Here, the authors develop a cumulative learning method by training the same model through several classification tasks over various small Mass Spectrometry datasets.
Published: 2020
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19. Increased risk of type 2 diabetes in antidepressant users: evidence from a 6‐year longitudinal study in the E3N cohort

Author: B. Balkau, Guy Fagherazzi, Agnès Fournier, M. C. Boutron-Ruault, Hermann Nabi, Fabrice Bonnet, M. Azevedo Da Silva, Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: ANR‐10‐COHO‐0006 European Commission, EC: LSHM‐CT‐2006‐037197, M.A.D.S. was the recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the , Paris, France. The E3N cohort is being conducted with the financial support of the , the European Community, the French League against Cancer, Gustave Roussy, and the French Institute of Health and Medical Research. The validation of potential type 2 diabetes cases was supported by the European Union (Integrated Project LSHM‐CT‐2006‐037197 in the 6th European Community Framework Programme). G.F. was supported by a grant for the E4N study from the Agence Nationale de Recherche (ANR‐10‐COHO‐0006 grant), and an IDEX grant (NUTRIPERSO project) from Paris Saclay University. Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale, ANR-10-COHO-0006,E4N,Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale(2010), HAL UVSQ, Équipe, Cohortes - Etude Epidémiologique des Enfants de femmes de l'Education Nationale - - E4N2010 - ANR-10-COHO-0006 - COHO - VALID, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Male, Longitudinal study, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, MEDLINE, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Context (language use), Type 2 diabetes, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, [SDV.MHEP.EM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, business.industry, Hazard ratio, [SDV.MHEP.EM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Endocrinology and metabolism, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Antidepressive Agents, 3. Good health, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Cohort, Antidepressant, Female, France, business, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; Aim: To examine the association between antidepressant medication use and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods: Data were obtained from the E3N study (Étude Épidémiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Éducation Nationale), a French cohort study initiated in 1990, with questionnaire-based follow-up every 2 or 3 years. Exposure to antidepressants was obtained from drug reimbursement files available from 2004 onwards, and individually matched with questionnaire data. Cases of type 2 diabetes were identified from drug reimbursements. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used, with drug exposure considered as a time-varying parameter. Results: Of the 63 999 women who were free of drug-treated type 2 diabetes at baseline in 2005, 1124 developed type 2 diabetes over the 6-year follow-up. Current use of antidepressants was associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes [hazard ratio 1.34 (95% CI 1.12, 1.61)] compared to non-users. When the different types of antidepressants were considered, women who currently used selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, imipramine-type, 'other' or 'mixed' antidepressants had a 1.25-fold (95% CI 0.99, 1.57), 1.66-fold (95% CI 1.12, 2.46), 1.35-fold (95% CI 1.00, 1.84) and 1.82-fold (95% CI 0.85, 3.86) increase in risk of type 2 diabetes compared to non-users, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests a positive association between antidepressant use and the risk of type 2 diabetes among women. If this association is confirmed, screening and surveillance of glucose levels should be considered in the context of antidepressant therapy. Further studies assessing the underlying mechanisms of this association are needed. (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03285230).
Published: 2020
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20. Progesterone receptor status modifies the association between body mass index and prognosis in women diagnosed with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer

Author: Kaoutar Ennour-Idrissi, Caroline Diorio, Thiphavone Oudanonh, Hermann Nabi, Julie Lemieux, Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Centre des Maladies du Sein Deschênes-Fabia
Subjects: Adult, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Estrogen receptor, Breast Neoplasms, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Progesterone receptor, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Obesity, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Progesterone Receptor Status, Prognosis, effect modiﬁcation, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Receptors, Estrogen, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, medicine.symptom, Underweight, Receptors, Progesterone, business, Body mass index
Abstract: International audience; The role of progesterone receptor (PR) status on the association between obesity and prognosis of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) remains poorly understood. We aim to examine whether this association varies according to the tumor PR status. Data for 3,747 women diagnosed with nonmetastatic ER+ invasive BC between 1995 and 2010 were analyzed. Women were classified according to their body mass index (BMI) (
Published: 2020
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21. Latitudinal drivers of oyster mortality: deciphering host, pathogen and environmental risk factors

Author: Fleury, Elodie, Barbier, Pierrick, Petton, Bruno, Normand, Julien, Thomas, Yoann, Pouvreau, Stéphane, Daigle, Gaetan, Pernet, Fabrice, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Normandie (LERN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département de mathématiques et de statistique [Laval-Québec] (DMS), Faculté des sciences et de génie [Laval-Québec] (FSG), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: crassostrea-gigas, Ecosystem ecology, lcsh:Medicine, panorama, Aquaculture, Environment, Article, Disease Outbreaks, pacific oysters, immunology, Risk Factors, Animals, oshv-1, aestuarianus, lcsh:Science, Proportional Hazards Models, Ecological epidemiology, fungi, lcsh:R, transmission, temperature, food and beverages, Ostreidae, infectious-diseases, trade-offs, ostreid herpesvirus-1, Host-Pathogen Interactions, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ifremer
Abstract: WOS:000560742100034; International audience; Diseases pose an ongoing threat to aquaculture, fisheries and conservation of marine species, and determination of risk factors of disease is crucial for management. Our objective was to decipher the effects of host, pathogen and environmental factors on disease-induced mortality of Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) across a latitudinal gradient. We deployed young and adult oysters at 13 sites in France and we monitored survival, pathogens and environmental parameters. The young oysters came from either the wild collection or the hatchery while the adults were from the wild only. We then used Cox regression models to investigate the effect of latitude, site, environmental factors and origin on mortality risk and to extrapolate this mortality risk to the distribution limits of the species in Europe. We found that seawater temperature, food level, sea level atmospheric pressure, rainfall and wind speed were associated with mortality risk. Their effect on hatchery oysters was generally higher than on wild animals, probably reflecting that hatchery oysters were free of Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) whereas those from the wild were asymptomatic carriers. The risk factors involved in young and adult oyster mortalities were different, reflecting distinct diseases. Mortality risk increases from 0 to 90% with decreasing latitude for young hatchery oysters, but not for young wild oysters or adults. Mortality risk was higher in wild oysters than in hatchery ones at latitude \textgreater 47.6 degrees N while this was the opposite at lower latitude. Therefore, latitudinal gradient alters disease-induced mortality risk but interacts with the initial health status of the host and the pathogen involved. Practically, we suggest that mortality can be mitigated by using hatchery oysters in north and wild collected oysters in the south.
Published: 2020
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22. Role of Glia in the Regulation of Sleep in Health and Disease

Author: Marie-Ève Tremblay, Olivier Pascual, Katherine Picard, Stefano Garofalo, Agnès Nadjar, Cristina Limatola, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza University of Rome, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team (U1028 Inserm - UMR5292 CNRS), Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Sleep Wake Disorders, 0301 basic medicine, glia, brain, Disease, microglie, neuroinflammation, 03 medical and health sciences, Epilepsy, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Sleep pressure, sleep, Neuroinflammation, sante humaine, Neurons, maladie cérébrale, Microglia, business.industry, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Neurodegenerative Diseases, medicine.disease, Comorbidity, Sleep in non-human animals, Mental health, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Astrocytes, physiology, sommeil, pathology, business, Neuroscience, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Sleep is a naturally occurring physiological state that is required to sustain physical and mental health. Traditionally viewed as strictly regulated by top-down control mechanisms, sleep is now known to also originate locally. Glial cells are emerging as important contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, locally and among dedicated neural circuits. A few pioneering studies revealed that astrocytes and microglia may influence sleep pressure, duration as well as intensity, but the precise involvement of these two glial cells in the regulation of sleep remains to be fully addressed, across contexts of health and disease. In this overview article, we will first summarize the literature pertaining to the role of astrocytes and microglia in the regulation of sleep under normal physiological conditions. Afterward, we will discuss the beneficial and deleterious consequences of glia-mediated neuroinflammation, whether it is acute, or chronic and associated with brain diseases, on the regulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances are a main comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, and in several brain diseases that include pain, epilepsy, and cancer. Identifying the relationships between glia-mediated neuroinflammation, sleep-wake rhythm disruption and brain diseases may have important implications for the treatment of several disorders. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:687-712, 2020.
Published: 2020
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23. What methods are used to study the association between medication adherence trajectories, estimated with the group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) method, and health-related outcomes?—a protocol for a systematic review

Author: Victoria, Memoli, Giraud, Ekanmian, Carlotta, Lunghi, Anne-Déborah, Bouhnik, Sophie, Lauzier, Line, Guénette, Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des sciences de la santé publique [Marseille] (ISSPAM), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de l'Abitibi-Témiscamingu [Rouyn-Noranda] (CISSS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Victoria Memoli, Giraud Ekanmian, Carlotta Lunghi, Anne-Déborah Bouhnik, Sophie Lauzier, and Line Guenette
Subjects: Latent class growth analysi, MESH: Humans, LCA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health-related outcome, MESH: Medication Adherence, Health-related outcomes, Latent class analysi, GBTM, Latent class growth analysis, LCGA, Latent class analysis, Humans, Group-based trajectory modeling, MESH: Systematic Reviews as Topic, Medication adherence, Human, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract: Background: The group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) method is increasingly used in pharmacoepidemiologic studies to describe medication adherence trajectories over time. However, assessing the associations between these medication adherence trajectories and health-related outcomes remains challenging. The purpose of this review is to identify and systematically review the methods used to assess the association between medication adherence trajectories, estimated from the GBTM method, and health-related outcomes. Methods: We will conduct a systematic review according to the recommendations of the Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 6.2. Results will be reported following PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) recommendations. We will search in the following databases: PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. Two reviewers will independently select articles and extract data. Discrepancies at every step will be resolved through discussion, and consensus will be reached for all disagreed articles. A third reviewer will act as a referee if needed. We will produce tables to synthesize the modalities used to estimate medication adherence trajectories with GBTM. We will also synthesize the modalities used to assess the association between these medication adherence trajectories and health-related outcomes by identifying the types of health-related outcomes studied and how they are defined, the statistical models used, and how the medication adherence trajectories were used in these models, and the effect measure yield. We will also review the limitations and biases reported by the authors and their attempts to mitigate them. We will provide a narrative synthesis. Discussion: This review will provide a thorough exploration of the strategies and methods used in medication adherence research to estimate the associations between medication adherence trajectories, estimated with GBTM, and the different health-related outcomes. It will represent the first crucial steps toward optimizing these methods in adherence studies. Systematic review registration: Prospero CRD42021213503.
Published: 2022
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24. Seizure activity triggers tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic pathways

Author: Geoffrey Canet, Emma Zub, Charleine Zussy, Célia Hernandez, Marine Blaquiere, Valentin Garcia, Mathieu Vitalis, Frederic deBock, Maria Moreno‐Montano, Etienne Audinat, Catherine Desrumaux, Emmanuel Planel, Laurent Givalois, Nicola Marchi, Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Guerineau, Nathalie C.
Subjects: Inflammation, status epilepticus, Kainic Acid, tau phosphorylation, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], neurodegeneration, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, temporal lobe epilepsy, Hippocampus, neuroinflammation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Neurology, Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe, Seizures, Animals, Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases, epileptogenesis, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurology (clinical), [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology
Abstract: International audience; Objective: Although epilepsies and neurodegenerative disorders show pathophysiological similarities, their direct functional associations are unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis that experimental seizures can induce tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic modifications over time, with intersections with neuroinflammation.Methods: We used a model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) where unilateral intrahippocampal injection of kainic acid (KA) in C57BL/6 mice elicits epileptogenesis and spontaneous focal seizures. We used a model of generalized status epilepticus (SE) obtained by intraperitoneal KA injection in C57BL/6 mice. We performed analyses and cross-comparisons according to a schedule of 72 h, 1 week, and 8 weeks after KA injection.Results: In experimental MTLE, we show AT100, PHF1, and CP13 tau hyperphosphorylation during epileptogenesis (72 h-1 week) and long-term (8 weeks) during spontaneous seizures in the ipsilateral hippocampi, the epileptogenic zone. These pathological modifications extended to the contralateral hippocampus, a seizure propagating zone with no histological lesion or sclerosis. Two kinases, Cdk5 and GSK3β, implicated in the pathological phosphorylation of tau, were activated. In this MTLE model, the induction of the amyloidogenic pathway (APP, C99, BACE1) was prominent and long-lasting in the epileptogenic zone. These Alzheimer's disease (AD)-relevant markers, established during seizure progression and recurrence, reciprocated an enduring glial (GFAP, Iba1) inflammation and the inadequate activation of the endogenous, anti-inflammatory, glucocorticoid receptor system. By contrast, a generalized SE episode provoked a predominantly transient induction of tau hyperphosphorylation and amyloidogenic markers in the hippocampus, along with resolving inflammation. Finally, we identified overlapping profiles of long-term hippocampal tau hyperphosphorylation by comparing MTLE to J20 mice, the latter a model relevant to AD.Significance: MTLE and a generalized SE prompt persistent and varying tau hyperphosphorylation or amyloidogenic modifications in the hippocampus. In MTLE, an AD-relevant molecular trajectory intertwines with neuroinflammation, spatiotemporally involving epileptogenic and nonlesional seizure propagating zones.
Published: 2022
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25. N-3 PUFA Deficiency Affects the Ultrastructural Organization and Density of White Matter Microglia in the Developing Brain of Male Mice

Author: Fanny Decoeur, Katherine Picard, Marie-Kim St-Pierre, Andrew D. Greenhalgh, Jean-Christophe Delpech, Alexandra Sere, Sophie Layé, Marie-Eve Tremblay, Agnès Nadjar, Admin, Oskar, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School - - UBGSNeuro2017 - ANR-17-EURE-0028 - EURE - VALID, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Neurocentre Magendie : Physiopathologie de la Plasticité Neuronale (U1215 Inserm - UB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut François Magendie-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Conseil Régional, Île-de-France, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies, Conseil Régional Aquitaine, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé, ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), and ANR-17-EURE-0028,UBGSNeuro,University of Bordeaux Neurocampus Graduate School(2017)
Subjects: Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, myelin, nervous system, neurodevelopment, electron microscopy, [SDV.BDD] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, microglia, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], [SDV.BDD]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Development Biology, n-3 PUFA, RC321-571
Abstract: International audience; Over the last century, westernization of dietary habits has led to a dramatic reduction in dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). In particular, low maternal intake of n-3 PUFAs throughout gestation and lactation causes defects in brain myelination. Microglia are recognized for their critical contribution to neurodevelopmental processes, such as myelination. These cells invade the white matter in the first weeks of the post-natal period, where they participate in oligodendrocyte maturation and myelin production. Therefore, we investigated whether an alteration of white matter microglia accompanies the myelination deficits observed in the brain of n-3 PUFA-deficient animals. Macroscopic imaging analysis shows that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency decreases the density of white matter microglia around post-natal day 10. Microscopic electron microscopy analyses also revealed alterations of microglial ultrastructure, a decrease in the number of contacts between microglia and myelin sheet, and a decreased amount of myelin debris in their cell body. White matter microglia further displayed increased mitochondrial abundance and network area under perinatal n-3 PUFA deficiency. Overall, our data suggest that maternal n-3 PUFA deficiency alters the structure and function of microglial cells located in the white matter of pups early in life, and this could be the key to understand myelination deficits during neurodevelopment. Copyright © 2022 Decoeur, Picard, St-Pierre, Greenhalgh, Delpech, Sere, Layé, Tremblay and Nadjar.
Published: 2022
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26. Nanoplastics: From model materials to colloidal fate

Author: Antoine Aynard, Stéphanie Reynaud, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E2S (Energy and Environment Solutions) of the Universite de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019), ANR-16-IDEX-0002,E2S,E2S(2016), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Model materials, Colloid, Aggregation, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous medium, Chemistry, Biota, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nanoplastics, Colloidal properties, 0210 nano-technology, Stability
Abstract: International audience; Nanoplastics are pieces of plastic debris of mixed shape and chemical composition, which can be present in the air, soil, freshwater bodies, seas, biota, and our diet. We know little about the prevalence of nanoplastics and the risks they pose to the health of living organisms; recent studies of plastics in the environment have not significantly contributed information about this crucial topic. In this article, nanoplastics are presented as colloids. Analysing their colloidal properties shows that their fate is governed by interfacial properties, Trojan horse properties, and their stability in aqueous media. Their hazards, however, are as yet unknown.
Published: 2022
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27. L'educazione ai margini ai tempi della pandemia

Author: Weiss, Pierre Olivier, Alì, Maurizio, Unite de recherche migrations et sociétés (URMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR205-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre méditerranéen de sociologie, de science politique et d’histoire (Mesopolhis), Sciences Po Aix - Institut d'études politiques d'Aix-en-Provence (IEP Aix-en-Provence)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire Caribéen du Climat Scolaire (OCCS), Centre de recherches et de ressources en éducation et formation [UR6_3] (CRREF), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut Convergences Migrations [Aubervilliers] (IC Migrations), chaire de recherche Bienêtre à l’école et prévention de la violence, CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Sociétés Traditionnelles et Contemporaines en Océanie (EA 4241) (EASTCO), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Centre interuniversitaire d'études et de recherches autochtones (CIERA), Département d'Anthropologie, Université Laval, Québec, Université des Antilles (Pôle Martinique), Université des Antilles (UA), Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Martinique (INSPÉ Martinique), CARE COVID-19 (MESRI), and Formation et Enseignement en temps de COVID-19 dans les Outremers (FECOM)
Subjects: Canada, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Formation, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Éducation comparée, Sociologie de l'éducation, Antilles, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Association, Digital gap, Voisinage, Continuité pédagogique, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Fracture numérique, Enquete, Politiques éducatives, Polynésie française, Prison, Anthropologie de l'éducation, Quebec, École, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Éducation à distance, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Maroc, Algérie, Université, Inégalité, Éducation, France, Covid-19
Abstract: International audience; Confinement, continuité pédagogique, éducation à distance… Avec la crise sanitaire provoquée par la pandémie de COVID-19, partout dans le monde la vie quotidienne des familles, des élèves, des enseignants, des apprenants et des éducateurs a été bouleversée, notamment dans certains contextes périphériques, moins visibles et moins médiatisés, mais aussi plus vulnérables. Cet ouvrage présente un panorama critique et global des études sur l’éducation en temps de pandémie dans ces réalités à la marge : les territoires ultramarins et postcoloniaux (en Afrique, en Océanie et dans les Amériques), les communautés autochtones et rurales, les groupes LGBTQIA+, les prisons, les minorités et les quartiers dits sensibles. Tout au long de la crise, ces marges se sont révélées à la fois des incubateurs d’innovations et des espaces de revendication, en dévoilant les faiblesses et les fragilités des systèmes éducatifs nationaux et du système de gouvernance planétaire de l’éducation.
Published: 2022

28. Generalised Mutual Information for Discriminative Clustering

Author: Ohl, Louis, Mattei, Pierre-Alexandre, Bouveyron, Charles, Harchaoui, Warith, Leclercq, Mickaël, Droit, Arnaud, Precioso, Frederic, Ohl, Louis, 3IA Côte d'Azur - - 3IA@cote d'azur2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0002 - P3IA - VALID, Modèles et algorithmes pour l’intelligence artificielle (MAASAI), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Laboratoire Jean Alexandre Dieudonné (LJAD), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jellysmack, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and ANR-19-P3IA-0002,3IA@cote d'azur,3IA Côte d'Azur(2019)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT), G.3, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Machine Learning (cs.LG), Methodology (stat.ME), Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Statistics - Methodology, 62H30
Abstract: In the last decade, recent successes in deep clustering majorly involved the mutual information (MI) as an unsupervised objective for training neural networks with increasing regularisations. While the quality of the regularisations have been largely discussed for improvements, little attention has been dedicated to the relevance of MI as a clustering objective. In this paper, we first highlight how the maximisation of MI does not lead to satisfying clusters. We identified the Kullback-Leibler divergence as the main reason of this behaviour. Hence, we generalise the mutual information by changing its core distance, introducing the generalised mutual information (GEMINI): a set of metrics for unsupervised neural network training. Unlike MI, some GEMINIs do not require regularisations when training. Some of these metrics are geometry-aware thanks to distances or kernels in the data space. Finally, we highlight that GEMINIs can automatically select a relevant number of clusters, a property that has been little studied in deep clustering context where the number of clusters is a priori unknown., Comment: To be published in Neural Information Processing Systems 2022
Published: 2022

29. Identification of Cx43 variants predisposing to ventricular fibrillation in the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Chevalier, Philippe, Moreau, Adrien, Bessière, Francis, Richard, Sylvain, Chahine, Mohamed, Millat, Gilles, Morel, Elodie, Paganelli, Franck, Lesavre, Nathalie, Placide, Leslie, Montestruc, François, Ankou, Bénédicte, Puertas, Rosa Doñate, Asatryan, Babken, Delinière, Antoine, MORNET, Dominique, Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupement Hospitalier Lyon-Est (GHE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Hôpital Louis Pradel [CHU - HCL], Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de Biologie et Pathologie Est (CBPE), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Hôpital Nord [CHU - APHM], eXYSTAT [Malakoff], Signalisation et physiopathologie cardiovasculaire (CARPAT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, and Bern University Hospital [Berne] (Inselspital)
Subjects: [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Acute ventricular fibrillation, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, GJA1 variants, Sudden cardiac death, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, Physiology (medical), Connexin 43, [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract: Aims Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death worldwide. Several studies showed that reduced connexin 43 (Cx43) expression and reduced conduction velocity increase the risk of VF in acute myocardial infarction (MI). Furthermore, genetic background might predispose individuals to primary VF (PVF). The primary objective was to evaluate the presence of GJA1 variants in STEMI patients. The secondary objective was to evaluate the arrhythmogenic impact of GJA1 variants in STEMI patients with VF. Methods and results The MAP-IDM prospective cohort study included 966 STEMI patients and was designed to identify genetic predisposition to VF. A total of 483 (50.0%) STEMI patients with PVF were included. The presence of GJA1 variants increased the risk of VF in STEMI patients [from 49.1 to 70.8%, P = 0.0423; odds ratio (OR): 0.40; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.97; P = 0.04]. The risk of PVF decreased with beta-blocker intake (from 53.5 to 44.8%, P = 0.0085), atrial fibrillation (from 50.7 to 26.4%, P = 0.0022), and with left ventricular ejection fraction >50% (from 60.2 to 41.4%, P < 0.0001). Among 16 GJA1 variants, three novel heterozygous missense variants were identified in three patients: V236I, H248R, and I327M. In vitro studies of these variants showed altered Cx43 localization and decreased cellular communication, mainly during acidosis. Conclusion Connexin 43 variants are associated with increased VF susceptibility in STEMI patients. Restoring Cx43 function may be a potential therapeutic target to prevent PVF in patients with acute MI. Clinical trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00859300
Published: 2022
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30. A Natural Polyphenol Exerts Antitumor Activity and Circumvents Anti–PD-1 Resistance through Effects on the Gut Microbiota

Author: Meriem Messaoudene, Reilly Pidgeon, Corentin Richard, Mayra Ponce, Khoudia Diop, Myriam Benlaifaoui, Alexis Nolin-Lapalme, Florent Cauchois, Julie Malo, Wiam Belkaid, Stephane Isnard, Yves Fradet, Lharbi Dridi, Dominique Velin, Paul Oster, Didier Raoult, François Ghiringhelli, Romain Boidot, Sandy Chevrier, David T. Kysela, Yves V. Brun, Emilia Liana Falcone, Geneviève Pilon, Florian Plaza Oñate, Oscar Gitton-Quent, Emmanuelle Le Chatelier, Sylvere Durand, Guido Kroemer, Arielle Elkrief, André Marette, Bastien Castagner, Bertrand Routy, COMBE, Isabelle, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université de Montréal (UdeM), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], McGill University Health Center [Montreal] (MUHC), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Microbes évolution phylogénie et infections (MEPHI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Régional de Lutte contre le cancer Georges-François Leclerc [Dijon] (UNICANCER/CRLCC-CGFL), UNICANCER, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), MetaGenoPolis (MGP (US 1367)), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), and École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Bacteria, Polyphenols, Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, [SDV.MHEP.CSC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Mice, Oncology, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology
Abstract: Several approaches to manipulate the gut microbiome for improving the activity of cancer immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are currently under evaluation. Here, we show that oral supplementation with the polyphenol-rich berry camu-camu (CC; Myrciaria dubia) in mice shifted gut microbial composition, which translated into antitumor activity and a stronger anti–PD-1 response. We identified castalagin, an ellagitannin, as the active compound in CC. Oral administration of castalagin enriched for bacteria associated with efficient immunotherapeutic responses (Ruminococcaceae and Alistipes) and improved the CD8+/FOXP3+CD4+ ratio within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, castalagin induced metabolic changes, resulting in an increase in taurine-conjugated bile acids. Oral supplementation of castalagin following fecal microbiota transplantation from ICI-refractory patients into mice supported anti–PD-1 activity. Finally, we found that castalagin binds to Ruminococcus bromii and promoted an anticancer response. Altogether, our results identify castalagin as a polyphenol that acts as a prebiotic to circumvent anti–PD-1 resistance. Significance: The polyphenol castalagin isolated from a berry has an antitumor effect through direct interactions with commensal bacteria, thus reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. In addition, in preclinical ICI-resistant models, castalagin reestablishes the efficacy of anti–PD-1. Together, these results provide a strong biological rationale to test castalagin as part of a clinical trial. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 873
Published: 2022
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31. Effect of the Surface Hydrophobicity–Morphology–Functionality of Nanoplastics on Their Homoaggregation in Seawater

Author: Cloé Veclin, Cloé Desmet, Alice Pradel, Andrea Valsesia, Jessica Ponti, Hind El Hadri, Thomas Maupas, Virginie Pellerin, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Stéphanie Reynaud, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: aggregation, nanoplastic, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, stability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0210 nano-technology, colloid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, seawater
Abstract: International audience; The way nanoplastics aggregate in the environment is one of the key properties that control their final fate and impact on the environment. In the present work, to better predict their transportation pathways, nanoplastic homoaggregation was studied in saltwater to predict the behavior in seawater. We designed nanoplastic models that are free of additives with a chemical control of the surface to model surface weathering. The samples present a wide distribution of relevant surface properties such as functionality (ionizable carboxylic group, 0.10 to 1.7 mmol g–1), hydrophobicity (surface energy, 2.20 to 37.5 mJ m–2), surface morphology (smooth or “raspberry-textured),” zeta potential (−31 to −21 mV), and anisotropy in shape. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) measurements demonstrate that spherical nanoparticles are more stable in seawater (CCC > 600 mmol L–1) than anisotropic nanoplastics (CCC ∼ 100 mmol L–1). The results highlight the importance of considering the surface properties and shape when assessing the behavior of nanoplastics in the environment.
Published: 2022
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32. Comparison of clinical rating scales in genetic frontotemporal dementia within the GENFI cohort

Author: Peakman, Georgia, Russell, Lucy L., Convery, Rhian S., Nicholas, Jennifer M., van Swieten, John C., Jiskoot, Lize C., Moreno, Fermin, Sanchez-Valle, Raquel, Laforce, Robert, Graff, Caroline, Masellis, Mario, Tartaglia, Maria Carmela, Rowe, James B., Borroni, Barbara, Finger, Elizabeth, Synofzik, Matthis, Galimberti, Daniela, Vandenberghe, Rik, de Mendonça, Alexandre, Butler, Chris R., Gerhard, Alex, Ducharme, Simon, Le Ber, Isabelle, Tagliavini, Fabrizio, Santana, Isabel, Pasquier, Florence, Levin, Johannes, Danek, Adrian, Otto, Markus, Sorbi, Sandro, Rohrer, Jonathan D., Afonso, Sónia, Almeida, Maria Rosario, Anderl-Straub, Sarah, Andersson, Christin, Antonell, Anna, Archetti, Silvana, Arighi, Andrea, Balasa, Mircea, Barandiaran, Myriam, Bargalló, Nuria, Bartha, Robart, Bender, Benjamin, Benussi, Alberto, Bertoux, Maxime, Bertrand, Anne, Bessi, Valentina, Black, Sandra, Bocchetta, Martina, Borrego-Ecija, Sergi, Bras, Jose, Brice, Alexis, Bruffaerts, Rose, Camuzat, Agnès, Cañada, Marta, Cantoni, Valentina, Caroppo, Paola, Cash, David, Castelo-Branco, Miguel, Colliot, Olivier, Cope, Thomas, Deramecourt, Vincent, de Arriba, María, Di Fede, Giuseppe, Díez, Alina, Duro, Diana, Fenoglio, Chiara, Ferrari, Camilla, Ferreira, Catarina B., Fox, Nick, Freedman, Morris, Fumagalli, Giorgio, Funkiewiez, Aurélie, Gabilondo, Alazne, Gasparotti, Roberto, Gauthier, Serge, Gazzina, Stefano, Giaccone, Giorgio, Gorostidi, Ana, Greaves, Caroline, Guerreiro, Rita, Heller, Carolin, Hoegen, Tobias, Indakoetxea, Begoña, Jelic, Vesna, Karnath, Hans-Otto, Keren, Ron, Kuchcinski, Gregory, Langheinrich, Tobias, Lebouvier, Thibaud, Leitão, Maria João, Lladó, Albert, Lombardi, Gemma, Loosli, Sandra, Maruta, Carolina, Mead, Simon, Meeter, Lieke, Miltenberger, Gabriel, van Minkelen, Rick, Mitchell, Sara, Moore, Katrina, Nacmias, Benedetta, Nelson, Annabel, Öijerstedt, Linn, Olives, Jaume, Ourselin, Sebastien, Padovani, Alessandro, Panman, Jessica, Papma, Janne M., Pijnenburg, Yolande, Polito, Cristina, Premi, Enrico, Prioni, Sara, Prix, Catharina, Rademakers, Rosa, Redaelli, Veronica, Rinaldi, Daisy, Rittman, Tim, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, Rollin, Adeline, Rosa-Neto, Pedro, Rossi, Giacomina, Rossor, Martin, Santiago, Beatriz, Saracino, Dario, Sayah, Sabrina, Scarpini, Elio, Schönecker, Sonja, Seelaar, Harro, Semler, Elisa, Shafei, Rachelle, Shoesmith, Christen, Swift, Imogen, Tábuas-Pereira, Miguel, Tainta, Mikel, Taipa, Ricardo, Tang-Wai, David, Thomas, David L., Thompson, Paul, Thonberg, Hakan, Timberlake, Carolyn, Tiraboschi, Pietro, Todd, Emily, van Damme, Philip, Vandenbulcke, Mathieu, Veldsman, Michele, Verdelho, Ana, Villanua, Jorge, Warren, Jason, Wilke, Carlo, Woollacott, Ione, Wlasich, Elisabeth, Zetterberg, Henrik, Zulaica, Miren, Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Neurodegeneration, University College of London [London] (UCL), London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Donostia International Physics Center - DIPC (SPAIN), Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU)-University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centre Hospitalier Université Laval [Quebec] (CHUL), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Toronto, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Brescia, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Universitätsklinikum Tübingen - University Hospital of Tübingen, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Lusófona University [Lisbon], University of Oxford, University of Manchester [Manchester], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institut du Cerveau = Paris Brain Institute (ICM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (IM2A), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de Neurologie [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], IFR70-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), University of Ulm (UUlm), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), HAL-SU, Gestionnaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Oxford [Oxford], Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer [Paris] (IM2A), Sorbonne Université (SU), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog (ex-JPARC)), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Peakman, Georgia [0000-0002-3319-138X], Convery, Rhian S [0000-0002-9477-1812], Van Swieten, John C [0000-0001-6278-6844], Jiskoot, Lize C [0000-0002-1120-1858], Rowe, James B [0000-0001-7216-8679], Borroni, Barbara [0000-0001-9340-9814], Finger, Elizabeth [0000-0003-4461-7427], Galimberti, Daniela [0000-0002-9284-5953], Gerhard, Alex [0000-0002-8071-6062], Ducharme, Simon [0000-0002-7309-1113], Le Ber, Isabelle [0000-0002-2508-5181], Danek, Adrian [0000-0001-8857-5383], Otto, Markus [0000-0002-6647-5944], Sorbi, Sandro [0000-0002-0380-6670], Rohrer, Jonathan D [0000-0002-6155-8417], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI)
Subjects: Oncology, Medizin, LANGUAGE, Disease, Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI), Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, diagnosis [Frontotemporal Dementia], ddc:150, C9orf72, CRITERIA, 030212 general & internal medicine, frontotemporal dementia, C9orf72 Protein, Cross-Sectional Studies, Disease Progression, Frontotemporal Dementia, Humans, Mutation, tau Proteins, Mental Status and Dementia Tests, VERSION, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Psychiatry, UTILITY, DDC 150 / Psychology, biology, FTD, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mutation (genetic algorithm), Cohort, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], medicine.symptom, FTLD, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Alzheimer’s disease, Frontotemporal dementia, medicine.medical_specialty, Clinical Dementia Rating, Tau protein, Clinical Neurology, Alzheimerkrankheit, [SDV.GEN.GH] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, DIAGNOSIS, Asymptomatic, VALIDATION, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Internal medicine, mental disorders, medicine, ddc:610, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Neurodegeneration, Science & Technology, Neurology & Neurosurgery, [SDV.GEN.GPO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], business.industry, MUTATIONS, medicine.disease, [SDV.GEN.GH]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Human genetics, biology.protein, [SDV.GEN.GPO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Surgery, Neurology (clinical), Neurosciences & Neurology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: BackgroundTherapeutic trials are now underway in genetic forms of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) but clinical outcome measures are limited. The two most commonly used measures, the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR)+National Alzheimer’s Disease Coordinating Center (NACC) Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and the FTD Rating Scale (FRS), have yet to be compared in detail in the genetic forms of FTD.MethodsThe CDR+NACC FTLD and FRS were assessed cross-sectionally in 725 consecutively recruited participants from the Genetic FTD Initiative: 457 mutation carriers (77 microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), 187 GRN, 193 C9orf72) and 268 family members without mutations (non-carrier control group). 231 mutation carriers (51 MAPT, 92 GRN, 88 C9orf72) and 145 non-carriers had available longitudinal data at a follow-up time point.ResultsCross-sectionally, the mean FRS score was lower in all genetic groups compared with controls: GRN mutation carriers mean 83.4 (SD 27.0), MAPT mutation carriers 78.2 (28.8), C9orf72 mutation carriers 71.0 (34.0), controls 96.2 (7.7), p, publishedVersion
Published: 2022
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33. Global patterns of drug allergy-induced fatalities: a wake-up call to prevent avoidable deaths

Author: Luciana K, Tanno, Amélie, Gauthier, Salome, Allichon, Pascal, Demoly, CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), World Health Organisation (WHO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Centre Hospitalier Université Laval [Quebec] (CHUL), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Médecine de précision par intégration de données et inférence causale (PREMEDICAL), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Desbrest de santé publique (IDESP), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Drug Hypersensitivity, Epinephrine, Immunology, MESH: Contrast Media / adverse effects, Humans, Contrast Media, Immunology and Allergy, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Anaphylaxis, Asthma, MESH: Anaphylaxis / chemically induced, Anaphylaxis / epidemiology, Anaphylaxis / prevention & control Anti-Bacterial, Agents / adverse effects, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Abstract: International audience; Purpose of review: To identify patterns and key issues though a systematic review in order to support prevention strategies and reduce avoidable deaths related to drug-induced anaphylaxis (DAF).Recent findings: DAF rate has been estimated by 0.13-0.53/106 population/year. General global trends of DAF are increasing over time, mostly occurring at healthcare settings (62%) with a similar gender distribution and an average age of 53 years. Antibiotics, anaesthetics, radio-contrast media and NSAIDs were the most frequently implicated agents. Main comorbidities were personal history of drug allergy, cardiovascular diseases and asthma. Main manifestations were cardiovascular and respiratory commitments. Use of adrenaline is mentioned in only 29% of the articles.Summary: DAF is increasing worldwide and most cases are iatrogenic. This first systematic review of DAF identified key gaps and served as a wake-up call to prevent avoidable deaths. Phenotype at risk for DAF was represented by patients aged more than 54 years, with personal history of drug allergy/hypersensitivity with no or incomplete allergological work-up, cardiovascular disease and/or asthma with need of hospitalization and/or frequent healthcare assistance. Additional risk for those who need frequent use of intravenous antibiotics and/or undergoing surgery or image investigation with radiocontrast media.
Published: 2022
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34. Visuospatial processing and fine motor function among 7-years old Guadeloupe children pre- and postnatally exposed to the organochlorine pesticide chlordecone

Author: Mireille Desrochers-Couture, Sylvaine Cordier, Florence Rouget, Léah Michineau, Christine Monfort, Jean-Pierre Thomé, Philippe Kadhel, Luc Multigner, Gina Muckle, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Université de Liège, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Chard-Hutchinson, Xavier, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)
Subjects: Male, Insecticides, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Tremor, Humans, Guadeloupe, Motor function, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Organochlorine pesticide, General Neuroscience, Environmental Exposure, Childhood, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Visual processing, Motor Skills, Chlordecone, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Female, Psychomotor Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Chlordecone is an organochlorine that was largely used as an insecticide to control a species of root borers, the Banana weevil (Cosmopolites sordidus), in the French West Indies, Guadeloupe and Martinique. Its molecules have been shown to be very persistent in the environment as pollution in soils leading to contamination of water sources and foodstuff will last for several decades. Our team previously reported associations between prenatal chlordecone exposure and poorer fine motor development at two points in time during infancy. OBJECTIVE: To document whether effects of prenatal exposure to chlordecone previously reported persists until middle-childhood, and whether deleterious effects are observed in domain of visual processing. Associations with postnatal exposure and sex-specific vulnerabilities were also investigated. METHODS: We examined 410 children from the TIMOUN mother-child cohort in Guadeloupe at 7 years of age. Concentrations of chlordecone and other environmental contaminants were measured in cord- and children’s blood at age 7 years. Fine motor function was assessed using the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT-2). The Computerized Adaptive Testing System (CATSYS) was used to evaluated postural hand tremor, while non-verbal visuospatial processing was measured using the Stanford Binet copying (S-B copying) test. We used adjusted multiple linear regressions to test the relationship between children’s scores and both continuous and categorical blood chlordecone concentrations, adding child sex as a moderator in continuous models. RESULTS: Cord chlordecone concentrations are associated with a regular frequency pattern of subtle hand tremors in both hands, and not related to visual processing and fine motor precision. Chlordecone concentrations in blood sample collected at testing time are associated with poorer visual processing when copying geometric figures, but not significantly related to poorer fine movement precision in tasks requiring pencil, scissors and paper. No sex-specific vulnerability was reported in any of the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: These results at school aged expand those previously reported in the same cohort during infancy at age 7- and 18 months, and corroborate the negative effects of chlordecone exposure on fine motor function in absence of intoxication. Our results support the need to continue public health efforts aimed at reducing exposure especially among women of child bearing age and young children.
Published: 2021
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35. Natural human postural oscillations enhance the empathic response to a facial pain expression in a virtual character

Author: Philip L. Jackson, Aurore Meugnot, Nicolas Vignais, Thomas Treal, Jean Jeuvrey, Complexité, Innovation, Activités Motrices et Sportives (CIAMS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), meugnot, aurore, École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, and Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherche en Réadaptation et Intégration Sociale (CIRRIS), Québec, Canada
Subjects: Male, Affective neuroscience, Severity of Illness Index, Motion (physics), User-Computer Interface, [SCCO]Cognitive science, 0302 clinical medicine, Psychology, media_common, Multidisciplinary, 05 social sciences, Virtual Reality, Biological motion, Facial Expression, Expression (architecture), [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, Medicine, Female, Pain communication, Cognitive psychology, Adolescent, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Movement, Posture, Pain, Empathy, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, Empathic response, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Idle motion, Virtual character, Perception, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Virtual actor, Facial expression, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR] Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Behavioural realism, [INFO.INFO-HC] Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Virtual reality platforms producing interactive and highly realistic characters are being used more and more as a research tool in social and affective neuroscience to better capture both the dynamics of emotion communication and the unintentional and automatic nature of emotional processes. While idle motion (i.e., non-communicative movements) is commonly used to create behavioural realism, its use to enhance the perception of emotion expressed by a virtual character is critically lacking. This study examined the influence of naturalistic (i.e., based on human motion capture) idle motion on two aspects (the perception of other’s pain and affective reaction) of an empathic response towards pain expressed by a virtual character. In two experiments, 32 and 34 healthy young adults were presented video clips of a virtual character displaying a facial expression of pain while its body was either static (still condition) or animated with natural postural oscillations (idle condition). The participants in Experiment 1 rated the facial pain expression of the virtual human as more intense, and those in Experiment 2 reported being more touched by its pain expression in the idle condition compared to the still condition, indicating a greater empathic response towards the virtual human’s pain in the presence of natural postural oscillations. These findings are discussed in relation to the models of empathy and biological motion processing. Future investigations will help determine to what extent such naturalistic idle motion could be a key ingredient in enhancing the anthropomorphism of a virtual human and making its emotion appear more genuine.
Published: 2021
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36. Tonal structures benefit short-term memory for real music: Evidence from non-musicians and individuals with congenital amusia

Author: Yohana Lévêque, Philippe Lalitte, FORNONI Lesly, Agathe Pralus, Philippe Albouy, Patrick Bouchet, Caclin, A., Barbara Tillmann, FORNONI, Lesly, Centre de recherche en neurosciences de Lyon - Lyon Neuroscience Research Center (CRNL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, Laboratoire d'Etude de l'Apprentissage et du Développement [Dijon] (LEAD), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche en Musicologie (IReMus), Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Memory Disorders, Cognitive Neuroscience, Auditory Perceptual Disorders, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, musical structure, working memory, tone deafness, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Memory, Short-Term, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Acoustic Stimulation, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Reaction Time, Humans, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], auditory short-term memory, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Pitch Perception, pitch, Music, implicit processing
Abstract: International audience; Congenital amusia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of music processing, which includes impaired pitch memory, associated to abnormalities in the right fronto-temporal network. Previous research has shown that tonal structures (as defined by the Western musical system) improve short-term memory performance for short tone sequences (in comparison to atonal versions) in non-musician listeners, but the tonal structures only benefited response times in amusic individuals. We here tested the potential benefit of tonal structures for short-term memory with more complex musical material. Congenital amusics and their matched nonmusician controls were required to indicate whether two excerpts were the same or different. Results confirmed impaired performance of amusic individuals in this short-term memory task. However, most importantly, both groups of participants showed better memory performance for tonal material than for atonal material. These results revealed that even amusics' impaired short-term memory for pitch shows classical characteristics of short-term memory, that is the mnemonic benefit of structure in the to-be-memorized material. The findings show that amusic individuals have acquired some implicit knowledge of regularities of their culture, allowing for implicit processing of tonal structures, which benefits to memory even for complex material.
Published: 2021

37. Fragment-Based Phenotypic Lead Discovery To Identify New Drug Seeds That Target Infectious Diseases

Author: Paul Ogadinma, Yann Ayotte, Laurent Chatel-Chaix, François Bilodeau, Marthe Lebughe, Mena Cimino, Giulia Manina, Aïssatou Aïcha Sow, Frédéric J. Veyrier, Albert Descoteaux, Eve Bernet, Dominic Gagnon, Sarah-Lisa Ouali, Maxime Mistretta, Dave Richard, Steven R. LaPlante, Institut Armand Frappier (INRS-IAF), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), NMX Research and Solutions Inc., Individualité microbienne et infection - Microbial Individuality and Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: biology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Anti-Infective Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Plasmodium falciparum, General Medicine, Computational biology, biology.organism_classification, Leishmania, Biochemistry, Small molecule, Phenotype, Structure-Activity Relationship, MESH: Structure-Activity Relationship, MESH: Drug Discovery, Anti-Infective Agents, Drug Discovery, Nucleic acid, Molecular Medicine, Bioassay, MESH: Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Neisseria, Mycobacterium
Abstract: International audience; Fragment-based lead discovery has emerged over the last decades as one of the most powerful techniques for identifying starting chemical matter to target specific proteins or nucleic acids in vitro. However, the use of such low-molecular-weight fragment molecules in cell-based phenotypic assays has been historically avoided because of concerns that bioassays would be insufficiently sensitive to detect the limited potency expected for such small molecules and that the high concentrations required would likely implicate undesirable artifacts. Herein, we applied phenotype cell-based screens using a curated fragment library to identify inhibitors against a range of pathogens including Leishmania, Plasmodium falciparum, Neisseria, Mycobacterium, and flaviviruses. This proof-of-concept shows that fragment-based phenotypic lead discovery (FPLD) can serve as a promising complementary approach for tackling infectious diseases and other drug-discovery programs.
Published: 2021
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38. Time trends in social contacts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: the CONNECT study

Author: Mélanie Drolet, Aurélie Godbout, Myrto Mondor, Guillaume Béraud, Léa Drolet-Roy, Philippe Lemieux-Mellouki, Alexandre Bureau, Éric Demers, Marie-Claude Boily, Chantal Sauvageau, Gaston De Serres, Niel Hens, Philippe Beutels, Benoit Dervaux, Marc Brisson, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Imperial College London, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec [Canada] (INSPQ), Hasselt University (UHasselt), University of Antwerp (UA), University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), CHU Lille, and Malbec, Odile
Subjects: Public health, Infectious disease, Science & Technology, Schools, Adolescent, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MODELS, Physical Distancing, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Quebec, COVID-19, Social distancing measures, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Communicable Disease Control, PATTERNS, Social contacts, Humans, Mathematical modeling, Human medicine, Child, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Pandemics, Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Abstract: Background Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries, including Canada, have adopted unprecedented physical distancing measures such as closure of schools and non-essential businesses, and restrictions on gatherings and household visits. We described time trends in social contacts for the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods in Quebec, Canada. Methods CONNECT is a population-based study of social contacts conducted shortly before (2018/2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020 - February 2021), using the same methodology for both periods. We recruited participants by random digit dialing and collected data by self-administered web-based questionnaires. Questionnaires documented socio-demographic characteristics and social contacts for two assigned days. A contact was defined as a two-way conversation at a distance
Published: 2021
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39. Impact of Shrubs on Winter Surface Albedo and Snow Specific Surface Area at a Low Arctic Site: In Situ Measurements and Simulations

Author: Florent Domine, Laurent Arnaud, Maria Belke-Brea, Mathieu Barrere, Ghislain Picard, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), In situ, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Albedo, Snow, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, The arctic, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Specific surface area, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Erect shrubs in the Arctic reduce surface albedo when branches protrude above the snow and modify snow properties, in particular specific surface area (SSA). Important consequences are changes in the land surface–atmosphere energy exchange and the increase of snow melting in autumn, possibly inducing reduced soil thermal insulation and in turn permafrost cooling. Near Umiujaq (56.5°N, 76.5°W) in the Canadian low Arctic where dwarf birches (Betula glandulosa) are expanding, spectral albedo (400–1080 nm) under diffuse light and vertical profiles of SSA were measured in November and December 2015 at four sites: three with protruding branches and one with only snow. At the beginning of the snow season (8 November), shrub-induced albedo reductions were found to be wavelength dependent and as high as 55% at 500 nm and 18% at 1000 nm, which, integrated over the measurement range (400–1080 nm), corresponds to 70 W m−2 of additional absorbed energy. The impact of shrubs is not just snow darkening. They also affect snow SSA in multiple ways, by accumulating snow with high SSA during cold windy precipitation and favoring SSA decrease by inducing melting during warm spells. However, the impact on the radiation budget of direct darkening from shrubs likely dominates over the indirect change in SSA. Spectral albedo was simulated with a linear mixing equation (LME), which fitted well with observed spectra. The average root-mean-square error was 0.009. We conclude that LMEs are a suitable tool to parameterize mixed surface albedo in snow and climate models.
Published: 2020
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40. Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

Author: P. Massicotte, R. Amiraux, M.-P. Amyot, P. Archambault, M. Ardyna, L. Arnaud, L. Artigue, C. Aubry, P. Ayotte, G. Bécu, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, H. C. Bittig, A. Bricaud, É. Brossier, F. Bruyant, L. Chauvaud, D. Christiansen-Stowe, H. Claustre, V. Cornet-Barthaux, P. Coupel, C. Cox, A. Delaforge, T. Dezutter, C. Dimier, F. Domine, F. Dufour, C. Dufresne, D. Dumont, J. Ehn, B. Else, J. Ferland, M.-H. Forget, L. Fortier, M. Galí, V. Galindo, M. Gallinari, N. Garcia, C. Gérikas Ribeiro, M. Gourdal, P. Gourvil, C. Goyens, P.-L. Grondin, P. Guillot, C. Guilmette, M.-N. Houssais, F. Joux, L. Lacour, T. Lacour, A. Lafond, J. Lagunas, C. Lalande, J. Laliberté, S. Lambert-Girard, J. Larivière, J. Lavaud, A. LeBaron, K. Leblanc, F. Le Gall, J. Legras, M. Lemire, M. Levasseur, E. Leymarie, A. Leynaert, A. Lopes dos Santos, A. Lourenço, D. Mah, C. Marec, D. Marie, N. Martin, C. Marty, S. Marty, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, L. Matthes, B. Moriceau, P.-E. Muller, C.-J. Mundy, G. Neukermans, L. Oziel, C. Panagiotopoulos, J.-J. Pangrazi, G. Picard, M. Picheral, F. Pinczon du Sel, N. Pogorzelec, I. Probert, B. Quéguiner, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, E. Rehm, E. Reimer, J.-F. Rontani, S. Rysgaard, B. Saint-Béat, M. Sampei, J. Sansoulet, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, C. Sévigny, Y. Shen, M. Tragin, J.-É. Tremblay, D. Vaulot, G. Verin, F. Vivier, A. Vladoiu, J. Whitehead, M. Babin, Asian School of the Environment, Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford University [Stanford], Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Laval University [Québec], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept Biologie, Université Laval, Université Laval, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division de la productivité des Océans (Ministère des Pêches et des Océans), Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), ECOlogy of MArine Plankton (ECOMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), CNES(project#131425)IPEV(project#1164)CSA,FondationTotalArcticNetLEFEFrench Arctic Initiative (GreenEdgeproject), ANR: GreenEdge project,ANR (Contract #111112),Contract #111112, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec [Canada] (INSPQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive [ESPUM-Montréal] (ESPUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography [Calgary], University of Calgary, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Mayor [Santiago de Chile], Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive (DMPS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2020-....] (Grenoble INP [2020-....]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, PACIFIC, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ZONE, 010501 environmental sciences, Zooplankton, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, ALGAE, OCEAN, Ice Camp, Phytoplankton, Sea ice, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Arctic studies, ACL, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Biology and Life Sciences, Spring bloom, 15. Life on land, CHLOROPHYLL, IRRADIANCE, Environmental engineering [Engineering], lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, VOLUME, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Phytoplankton Spring Bloom, SEA-ICE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).
Published: 2020
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41. Cord blood S100B: reference ranges and interest for early identification of newborns with brain injury

Author: Yves Giguère, Jean-Claude Forest, Vincent Sapin, Isabelle Marc, Bruno Pereira, Nathalie Bernard, Damien Bouvier, Génétique, Reproduction et Développement (GReD), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), BLANCHON, LOIC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Male, Neonatal intensive care unit, Clinical Biochemistry, S100B, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Reference Values, law, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Immunoassay, [SDV.BDLR.RS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, Arteries, General Medicine, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Fetal Blood, Intensive care unit, 3. Good health, Area Under Curve, Cord blood, Anesthesia, cord blood, Premature Birth, Female, S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit, Sensitivity and Specificity, neurological complications, [SDV.BDLR.RS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Reproductive Biology/Sexual reproduction, 03 medical and health sciences, Intensive Care Units, Neonatal, 030225 pediatrics, Humans, Arterial pH, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], S100b protein, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Infant, Newborn, brain injury, reference ranges, Confidence interval, Reference intervals, ROC Curve, Brain Injuries, Case-Control Studies, Luminescent Measurements, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, ARTERIAL CORD BLOOD, Nervous System Diseases, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: BackgroundNeurological complications are common in the premature and full-term neonates admitted to the intensive care unit, but the diagnosis of these complications is often difficult to make. S100B protein, measured in cord blood, may represent a valuable tool to better identify patients at risk of brain injury.MethodsAs a first step, we established S100B cord blood serum reference intervals from 183 preterm and 200 full-term neonates. We then measured cord blood serum S100B to identify neurological complications in 272 neonates hospitalized at the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Diagnosis of brain injury relied on imaging examination.ResultsThe 95th percentiles of S100B concentration in cord blood were established as 1.21 μg/L for the 383 neonates, 0.96 μg/L for full-term neonates and 1.36 μg/L for premature neonates. Among the 272 neonates hospitalized at the NICU, 11 presented neurological complications. Using 1.27 μg/L as the optimal sensitivity/specificity threshold, S100B differentiate neonates with and without neurological complications with a sensitivity of 45.5% (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 16.7–76.6) and a specificity of 88.9% (95% CI: 84.4–92.4) (p = 0.006). In combination with arterial pH (ConclusionsCord blood S100B protein, in combination with arterial cord blood pH, has the potential to help clinicians to detect at birth neurological complications in neonates hospitalized in an NCIU.
Published: 2019
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42. Arctic seabirds and shrinking sea ice: egg analyses reveal the importance of ice-derived resources

Author: Mark L. Mallory, Birgit M Braune, Philippe Massicotte, Jérôme Fort, Guillaume Massé, Fanny Cusset, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acadia University, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), French Polar Institute ADACLIM research program (IPEV Pgr 388), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stable isotope analysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oviposition, lcsh:Medicine, Sea Level Rise, 01 natural sciences, Article, Predation, Birds, Sea ice, Animals, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ovum, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, δ13C, biology, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Terpenes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate-change ecology, lcsh:R, Biota, δ15N, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Uria lomvia, Period (geology), Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In the Arctic, sea-ice plays a central role in the functioning of marine food webs and its rapid shrinking has large effects on the biota. It is thus crucial to assess the importance of sea-ice and ice-derived resources to Arctic marine species. Here, we used a multi-biomarker approach combining Highly Branched Isoprenoids (HBIs) with δ13C and δ15N to evaluate how much Arctic seabirds rely on sea-ice derived resources during the pre-laying period, and if changes in sea-ice extent and duration affect their investment in reproduction. Eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were collected in the Canadian Arctic during four years of highly contrasting ice conditions, and analysed for HBIs, isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) and energetic composition. Murres heavily relied on ice-associated prey, and sea-ice was beneficial for this species which produced larger and more energy-dense eggs during icier years. In contrast, fulmars did not exhibit any clear association with sympagic communities and were not impacted by changes in sea ice. Murres, like other species more constrained in their response to sea-ice variations, therefore appear more sensitive to changes and may become the losers of future climate shifts in the Arctic, unlike more resilient species such as fulmars.
Published: 2019
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43. What guides lemmings movements through the snowpack?

Author: Gilles Gauthier, Mathilde Poirier, Florent Domine, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Snow pack, snow, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, small mammals, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Cold winter, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Forestry, Snowpack, Snow, The arctic, Ground level, Energy expenditure, 13. Climate action, Animal Science and Zoology, movement, Depth hoar, Geology, lemming
Abstract: International audience; The presence of a snowpack, which may last up to 9 months in the Arctic, can provide insulation from the cold winter temperature for small mammals living beneath it, such as lemmings. Since lemmings have to move through the snowpack during that period, it is important to better understand how the physical properties of snow affect the way they dig tunnels. Here, we tested 1) whether lemmings systematically dig in the snowpack at the ground level where they can find their food plants, and 2) whether they choose the softest snow layer in which to dig, which is usually the depth hoar layer in the arctic snowpack. We found 33 lemming tunnels in 2017 and 2018 by digging through the snow at the sites of arctic fox attacks on lemmings. Contrary to our expectation, almost all the tunnels (32/33) were found to be higher than ground level, probably because of the presence of obstacles (i.e., melt-freeze crusts or hummocks) at the base of the snowpack. As predicted, all tunnels were dug in the soft depth hoar layer, which had a lower density than snow layers below and above it. Lemmings also showed a preference to dig their tunnels at the top of the depth hoar, just below a hard snow layer. Systematically digging their tunnels in the lowest-density snow layer, regardless of its height in the snow pack, could be a strategy for lemmings to minimize energy expenditure, which could improve their survival and chances of reproducing in winter. La présence d'un manteau neigeux, qui peut durer jusqu'à 9 mois en Arctique, assure une protection contre le froid pour certains petits mammifères qui s'y abritent pendant l'hiver, tels les lemmings. Cette neige est également susceptible d'affecter leurs mouvements, mais l'endroit exact où les lemmings creusent dans la neige pour se déplacer demeure peu connu. Nous avons donc testé 1) si les lemmings creusent toujours au niveau du sol, près de la végétation dont ils se nourrissent, et 2) s'ils choisissent la couche la plus molle pour creuser, généralement le givre de profondeur dans le manteau neigeux arctique. Nous avons trouvé 33 tunnels de lemmings en 2017 et 2018 en creusant dans la neige à des sites d'attaques de renards sur des lemmings. Nos résultats contredisent notre première hypothèse car presque tous les tunnels étaient plus haut que le niveau du sol (32/33), probablement en raison de la présence d'obstacles (c.-à-d. couches de fonte-regel et hummocks) dans les couches basales du manteau neigeux. En revanche, nos résultats supportent notre deuxième hypothèse puisque les tunnels étaient tous creusés dans le givre de profondeur qui avait une densité plus faible que les couches supérieures et inférieures. Les tunnels de lemmings étaient aussi souvent creusés à la limite supérieure du givre de profondeur, tout juste sous une couche plus dure. Creuser dans la couche de neige la moins dense pourrait être une stratégie des lemmings pour minimiser leurs dépenses énergétiques, ce qui pourrait augmenter leurs chances de survie et de reproduction en hiver.
Published: 2019
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44. Practices, organisation, and regulatory aspects in advising on antibiotic prescription: the international ESCMID AntibioLegalMap survey

Author: Nathalie Thilly, Gianpiero Tebano, Bojana Beović, Oliver J. Dyar, Céline Pulcini, Frédérique Claudot, Guillaume Béraud, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Ljubljana, Plateforme d'Aide à la Recherche Clinique [CHRU Nancy] (PARC), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Service des maladies infectieuses [Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Hasselt University (UHasselt), and Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHRU Nancy]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Internationality, Legal liability, 030106 microbiology, Referring Physician, Antimicrobial Stewardship, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Phone, Surveys and Questionnaires, On demand, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Referral and Consultation, Antibiotic stewardship, Internet, Consultation, business.industry, Liability, Antibiotic prescribing, General Medicine, Hospitals, Antibiotic prescription, 3. Good health, Clinical microbiology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Family medicine, Professional liability, Antibiotic Stewardship, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Regulation
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: Giving advice about antibiotic prescription through dedicated consultations is a cornerstone of antibiotic stewardship programmes. Our objective was to explore practices, organisation, and regulatory requirements related to antibiotic advising.METHODS: We performed an international, exploratory, Internet-based, cross-sectional survey targeting infectious diseases and clinical microbiology specialists. It was disseminated through ESCMID and ESGAP networks.RESULTS: Answers from 830 participants (74 countries, 77% of participants from Europe) were collected. Consultations were mostly given on demand (81%, 619/764), while unsolicited consultations targeting specific conditions (e.g., positive blood culture) were less frequent (66%, 501/764). Consultations usually included indications on diagnostic work-up and follow-up (> 79%). Curbside consultations (i.e., without examining the patient) were reported by 82% (598/733) of respondents, mainly by phone (89%, 531/598). The referring physician was considered authorised not to follow the advice by 57% (383/676). Direct consultations (i.e., after examining the patient) were recorded in the medical file more frequently than curbside consultations (69%, 472/689 vs 35%, 206/592). Concerning legal liability, the majority of respondents considered that it is shared between the adviser and the referring physician, who, however, is considered primarily responsible. The advisers' liability was considered to be lower in cases of curbside and unrecorded consultations. Significant inter-countries and intra-country variability were identified, suggesting that the setting markedly influenced practices.CONCLUSION: Significant variability exists in the practice of antibiotic advising. This concerns both the organisation of care and how advisers perceive regulatory requirements. These elements must be taken into account when implementing antibiotic stewardship programmes and when training stewards.
Published: 2019
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45. Remote local photoactivation of morphine produces analgesia without opioid‐related adverse effects

Author: Amadeu Llebaria, Gisela Cabré, Ester Aso, Jesús Giraldo, Kristoffer Sahlholm, Yves De Koninck, Jordi Hernando, Francisco Ciruela, Marc López-Cano, Joan Font, Víctor Fernández-Dueñas, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Umeå University, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (MCS (IQAC-CSIC))
Subjects: Constipation, Photopharmacology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Analgesic, Pain, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, In vivo, medicine, Adverse effect, Dependence, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Morphine, business.industry, Farmakologi och toxikologi, Farmaceutiska vetenskaper, 3. Good health, Electrophysiology, Nociception, Opioid, Opioid-based drugs, medicine.symptom, business, Tolerance, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background and Purpose Opioid-based drugs are the gold standard medicines for pain relief. However, tolerance and several side effects (i.e. constipation and dependence) may occur upon chronic opioid administration. Photopharmacology is a promising approach to improve the benefit/risk profiles of these drugs. Thus, opioids can be locally activated with high spatiotemporal resolution, potentially minimizing systemic-mediated adverse effects. Here, we aimed at developing a morphine photo-derivative (photocaged morphine), which can be activated upon light irradiation both in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Approach Light-dependent activity of pc-morphine was assessed in cell-based assays (intracellular calcium accumulation and electrophysiology) and in mice (formalin animal model of pain). In addition, tolerance, constipation and dependence were investigated in vivo using experimental paradigms. Key results In mice, pc-morphine was able to elicit antinociceptive effects, both using external light-irradiation (hind paw) and spinal cord implanted fibre-optics. In addition, remote morphine photoactivation was devoid of common systemic opioid-related undesired effects, namely, constipation, tolerance to the analgesic effects, rewarding effects and naloxone-induced withdrawal. Conclusion and Implications Light-dependent opioid-based drugs may allow effective analgesia without the occurrence of tolerance or the associated and severe opioid-related undesired effects., This work was supported by FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (SAF2017-87349-R, SAF2017-87199-R and CTQ2017-89222-R), ISCIII (PIE14/00034), and the Catalan government (2017 SGR 1604 and 2017 SGR 465). We thank Centres de Recerca de Catalunya (CERCA) Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya for IDIBELL institutional support. We thank Esther Castaño and Benjamín Torrejón from the Scientific and Technical Services (SCT) group at the Bellvitge Campus of the University of Barcelona for their technical assistance. We thank Lourdes Muñoz, Carme Serra and Juanlo Catena (SimChem, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona) for support in the synthesis of compounds. Xavier Gasull and Aida Castellanos (Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona) are acknowledged by their help with the obtention of DRG neurons from mouse. Also, we thank María Pilar Pérez Villamor (Laboratorios Dr. Esteve, Barcelona) for the kind gift of the HEK293 cell line permanently expressing μ receptors.
Published: 2021
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46. Metals and microplastics, a multi-contamination in the environment: which planetary distribution?

Author: Charlotte Catrouillet, Julien Gigault, Christian le Carlier de Veslud, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Association of Geochemistry & Geochemical Society., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Dubigeon, Isabelle
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, Microplastics, business.industry, Earth science, Ocean current, Sampling (statistics), Distribution (economics), Global Map, Contamination, Debris, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Earth (chemistry), 14. Life underwater, business
Abstract: International audience; Plastic debris are everywhere: soils, rivers, oceans, even at the top of the Everest. In marine environments, plastics accumulate in gigantic oceanic gyres, in which different sizes of plastic are found (macro-, micro- and nano-plastics)1. Then, due to the oceanic currents, numerous plastics are remobilized and finished on the beaches from all around the World. Problems are associated to plastics presence. For 30 years, in the public minds, the principal hazards related to macroplastics (i.e. plastics debris size >5mm) is their strangulation effects on the animals. However, a more insidious danger was poorly considered: plastics act as trojan horses for contaminants in the environment, including toxic metals. Metals can either originate from the plastic formulation (additives) or from external environment (sorption)2. Over time, both becomes bioavailable and could represent a danger for the biota3. These last 5 years, increasing studies measured metal concentrations in microplastics from various location over the Earth. In this study, we reviewed the literature data concerning the distribution of the metal concentrations according to the sampling area and location. First, we focused on the methods used to measure metal concentrations in order to perform valuable comparisons between studies. Then, we discussed the differences/similarities in the metal distribution according to the sampling zone. Indeed, some metals occur everywhere, due to their use as additives. In contrast, other metals present different distribution patterns, depending on the sampling zone. Thus, what is the source and final impact of the plastic debris? Behind these results, we provide an interactive online global map based on the database built from this review. The final aim is to provide a map and database that can be implemented by researchers in order to simplify future summarizing and comparisons of the available data.1Ter Halle A. et al., ES&T, 2017, 51, 13689-136972Prunier J. et al., Env. Poll., 2019, 245, 371-3793Catrouillet C. et al., Env. Sci. Proc. Impacts Lett., submitted
Published: 2021

47. Impact of water vapor diffusion and latent heat on the effective thermal conductivity of snow

Author: K. Fourteau, F. Domine, P. Hagenmuller, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (IRL3376), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-16-CE01-0006,EBONI,Dépot, devenir et impact des impuretés absorbantes dans le manteau neigeux(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ( IRL3376)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Thermal conductivity, Latent heat, GE1-350, 020701 environmental engineering, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, QE1-996.5, Ice crystals, Geology, Mechanics, Snow, Thermal conduction, Environmental sciences, Temperature gradient, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sublimation (phase transition), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Water vapor
Abstract: Heat transport in snowpacks is understood to occur through the two processes of heat conduction and latent heat transport carried by water vapor, which are generally treated as decoupled from one another. This paper investigates the coupling between both these processes in snow, with an emphasis on the impacts of the kinetics of the sublimation and deposition of water vapor onto ice. In the case when kinetics is fast, latent heat exchanges at ice surfaces modify their temperature and therefore the thermal gradient within ice crystals and the heat conduction through the entire microstructure. Furthermore, in this case, the effective thermal conductivity of snow can be expressed by a purely conductive term complemented by a term directly proportional to the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor in snow, which illustrates the inextricable coupling between heat conduction and water vapor transport. Numerical simulations on measured three-dimensional snow microstructures reveal that the effective thermal conductivity of snow can be significantly larger, by up to about 50 % for low-density snow, than if water vapor transport is neglected. A comparison of our numerical simulations with literature data suggests that the fast kinetics hypothesis could be a reasonable assumption for modeling heat and mass transport in snow. Lastly, we demonstrate that under the fast kinetics hypothesis the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor is related to the effective thermal conductivity by a simple linear relationship. Under such a condition, the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor is expected to lie in the narrow 100 % to about 80 % range of the value of the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air for most seasonal snows. This may greatly facilitate the parameterization of water vapor diffusion of snow in models.
Published: 2021
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48. Multi-view Artificial Generation Engine: MAGE -- Générateur de données controlées pour l'apprentissage multivue

Author: Bauvin, Baptiste, Koço, Sokol, Benielli, Dominique, Capponi, Cecile, Laviolette, François, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRAAL, Département d'informatique et de génie logiciel [Québec], and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: [MATH.MATH-PR]Mathematics [math]/Probability [math.PR], [INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Generation, Multi-View, Probabilistic, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Classification, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Supervised
Abstract: International audience; Multi-view learning has been a thriving research field for several years. Many approaches have been proposed based on multiple learning problems. However, to the best of our knowledge, most works propose their own definition of supervised multi-view learning and experimental frameworks. In order to give a more formal setting for multi-view learning with more than two views, we propose a toolbox for generating native multi-view datasets. Our contributions are twofold: first we propose 3 definitions of view interactions, then we introduce MAGE, a python based toolbox for dataset generation with view interaction. This allows one to empirically observe how fluctuates the accuracy of various multi-view learning algorithms according to the levels of interactions (e.g., correlation, complementarity) between the views. Theoretical and empirical justifications are provided for each contribution.
Published: 2021

49. An estimation of the quantitative impacts of copepod grazing on an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic

Author: Yoshiyuki Abe, Patrick Raimbault, Kohei Matsuno, Bernard Quéguiner, Marcel Babin, Toru Hirawake, Makoto Sampei, Louis Fortier, Augustin Lafond, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, geography, Environmental Engineering, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Arctic, Spring (hydrology), Grazing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sea ice, Environmental science, Bay, Copepod, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production.
Published: 2021
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50. Spinal cord monitoring by NIRS in reflection and transmission modes

Author: Tsiakaka, Olivier, Li, Songlin, Denoulet, Julien, Feruglio, Sylvain, Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Systèmes Electroniques (SYEL), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Feruglio, Sylvain
Subjects: [SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract: International audience; Real-time monitoring of the spinal cord was achieved on pig model with custom devices operating in both reflection and transmission modes. Although the reflective system was generally preferred, the obtained data wasn’t as rich as in transmission and could conduct to erroneous conclusions.
Published: 2021
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