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179 results on '"Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

1. Three major mesoplanktonic communities resolved by in situ imaging in the upper 500 m of the global ocean

Author: Panaïotis, Thelma, Babin, Marcel, Biard, Tristan, Carlotti, François, Coppola, Laurent, Guidi, Lionel, Hauss, Helena, Karp-Boss, Lee, Kiko, Rainer, Lombard, Fabien, Mcdonnell, Andrew, Picheral, Marc, Rogge, Andreas, Waite, Anya, Stemmann, Lars, Irisson, Jean-Olivier, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, Oceanography Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Re- search, D-27570 Bremerhaven (AWI), and Ocean Frontier Institute and Department of Oceanography, Dalhousie University, Halifax
Subjects: global ocean, Copepoda, Trichodesmium, Rhizaria, spatial distribution, plankton communities, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, in situ imagery, biogeography
Abstract: Aim The distribution of mesoplankton communities have been poorly studied at global scale, especially from in situ instruments. This study aims to (1) describe the global distribution of mesoplankton communities in relation with their environment and (2) assess the ability of various environmental-based ocean regionalisations to explain the distribution of these communities. Location Global ocean, 0-500 m depth.Time period 2008 - 2019Major taxa studied 28 groups of large mesoplanktonic and macroplanktonic organ- isms, covering Metazoa, Rhizaria and Cyanobacteria.Methods From a global data set of 2500 vertical profiles making use of the Underwater Vision Profiler 5 (UVP5), an in situ imaging instrument, we studied the global distribu- tion of large (> 600 μm) mesoplanktonic organisms. Among the 6.8 million imaged ob- jects, 330,000 were large zooplanktonic organisms and phytoplankton colonies, the rest consisting of marine snow particles. Multivariate ordination (PCA) and clustering were used to describe patterns in community composition, while comparison with existing regionalisations was performed with regression methods (RDA).Results Within the observed size range, epipelagic plankton communities were Trichodesmium-enriched in the intertropical Atlantic, Copepoda-enriched at high latitudes and in upwelling areas, and Rhizaria-enriched in oligotrophic areas. In the mesopelagic layer, Copepoda-enriched communities were also found at high latitudes and in the At- lantic Ocean, while Rhizaria-enriched communities prevailed in the Peruvian upwelling system and a few mixed communities were found elsewhere. The comparison between the distribution of these communities and a set of existing regionalisations of the ocean suggested that the structure of plankton communities described above is mostly driven by basin-level environmental conditions.Main conclusions n both layers, three types of plankton communities emerged and seemed to be mostly driven by regional environmental conditions. This work sheds light on the role not only of metazoans, but also of unexpected large protists and cyanobacteria in structuring large mesoplankton communities.
Published: 2023

2. Functional trait-based approaches as a common framework for aquatic ecologists: Synthesis and recent results

Author: Martini, Séverine, Larras, Floriane, Boyé, Aurélien, Faure, Emile, Aberle, Nicole, Archambault, Philippe, Bacouillard, Lise, Beisner, Beatrix, Bittner, Lucie, Castella, Emmanuel, Danger, Michael, Gauthier, Olivier, Karp-Boss, Lee, Lombard, Fabien, Maps, Frédéric, Stemmann, Lars, Thiébaut, Éric, Usseglio-Polatera, Philippe, Vogt, Meike, Laviale, Martin, Ayata, Sakina‐dorothée, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Laboratoire d'Ecologie et de Biologie Aquatique - LEBA (Genève, Suisse), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maine, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Zone Atelier du Bassin de la Moselle [LTSER France] (ZAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography (ASLO)
Subjects: aquatic ecology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, functional traits
Abstract: International audience; Aquatic ecologists face challenges in identifying the general rules of the functioning of ecosystems. A common framework, including freshwater, marine, benthic, and pelagic ecologists, is needed to bridge communication gaps and foster knowledge sharing. This framework should transcend local specificities and taxonomy in order to provide a common ground and shareable tools to address common scientific challenges. In a recent review paper published in Limnology and Oceanography (Martini et al., 2021), we advocated the use of functional trait-based approaches (FTBAs) for aquatic ecologists and proposed concrete paths to go forward. In this presentation, we will first present an overview of this synthesis work. Then, using a few examples of recent results, including from quantitative imaging, genomics, and machine learning, we will then concretely illustrate how FTBAs can allow aquatic ecologists to tackle some of the scientific challenges identified in the paper.
Published: 2023
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3. The environmental fate of nanoplastics: What we know and what we need to know about aggregation

Author: Pradel, Alice, Catrouillet, Charlotte, Gigault, Julien, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), French Brittany Council through MONANO (SAD-Attractivité), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019), and MONANO
Subjects: Materials Science (miscellaneous), Microplastic, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Environment, Plastic pollution, Aggregation, Organic matter, Models, Experimentation, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, Safety Research
Abstract: The presence of nanoplastics in the environment has been proven. There is now an urgent need to determine how nanoplastics behave in the environment and to assess the risks they may pose. Here, we examine nanoplastic homo- and heteroaggregation, with a focus on environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models. We made a systematic analysis of experimental studies, and ranked the environmental relevance of 377 different solution chemistries, and 163 different nanoplastic particle models. Since polymer latex spheres are not environmentally relevant (due to their monodisperse size, spherical shape, and smooth surface), their aggregation behavior in natural conditions is not transferable to nanoplastics. A few recent studies suggest that nanoplastic particle models that more closely mimic incidentally produced nanoplastics follow different homoaggregation pathways than latex sphere particle models. However, heteroaggregation of environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models has seldom been studied. Despite this knowledge gap, the current evidence suggests that nanoplastics may be more sensitive to heteroaggregation than previously expected. We therefore provide an updated hypothesis about the likely environmental fate of nanoplastics. Our review demonstrates that it is essential to use environmentally relevant nanoplastic particle models, such as those produced with top-down methods, to avoid biased interpretations of the fate and impact of nanoplastics. Finally, it will be necessary to determine how the heteroaggregation kinetics of nanoplastics impact their settling rate to truly understand nanoplastics' fate and effect in the environment., NanoImpact, 29, ISSN:2452-0748
Published: 2023
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4. Are nanoplastics potentially toxic for plants and rhizobiota? Current knowledge and recommendations

Author: Masson, Delphine, Pédrot, Mathieu, Davranche, Mélanie, Cabello-Hurtado, Francisco, Ryzhenko, Nataliia, El Amrani, Abdelhak, Wahl, Aurélie, Gigault, Julien, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS EC2CO-HYBIGE program via the project NAME, ADEME from the CINAPE project, PAUSE project allocated to Prof. N. Ryzhenko by the Collège de France., and ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019)
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Soil is now becoming a reservoir of plastics in response to global production, use/disposal patterns and low recovery rates. Their degradation is caused by numerous processes, and this degradation leads to the formation and release of plastic nanoparticles, i.e., nanoplastics. The occurrence of nanoplastics in the soil is expected to both directly and indirectly impact its properties and functioning. Nanoplastics may directly impact the physiology and development of living organisms, especially plants, e.g., by modifying their production yield. Nanoplastics can also indirectly modify the physicochemical properties of the soil and, as a result, favour the release of related contaminants (organic or inorganic) and have an impact on soil biota, and therefore have a negative effect on the functioning of rhizospheres. However all these results have to be taken carefully since performed with polymer nano-bead not representative of the nanoplastics observed in the environment. This review highlight thus the current knowledge on the interactions between plants, rhizosphere and nanoplastics, their consequences on plant physiology and development in order to identify gaps and propose scientific recommendations.
Published: 2023
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5. Effects of meteorology and soil moisture on the spatio-temporal evolution of the depth hoar layer in the polar desert snowpack

Author: Florent Domine, Daniel Fortier, Gautier Davesne, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Arctic snowpack, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 15. Life on land, Snowpack, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, depth hoar, 13. Climate action, polar desert, thermal conductivity, soil moisture, Water content, Layer (electronics), Depth hoar, Geology, Polar desert, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes
Abstract: In polar deserts, depth hoar (hereinafter: DH) growth is not systematic unlike on tundra and this is critical for snowpack properties. Here, we address the spatio-temporal variability of the DH layer in the polar desert at two sites in the Canadian High Arctic: Ward Hunt Island (83° N) and Resolute Bay (75° N). Our data show that, over humid areas, DH represented a larger fraction of the snowpack and was characterized by lower density and coarser crystals than over dry gravelly areas. Increased soil moisture extends the zero-curtain period during freeze-up, leading to stronger temperature gradients in the snowpack and greater kinetic metamorphism. Our results also demonstrate that the large inter-annual variability in DH is primarily driven by wind conditions in the fall since this key variable controls the initial snow density and snow onset date. These strong controls exerted by soil moisture and meteorological conditions on DH growth in polar deserts highlight the possibility of major changes in polar snowpacks physical properties in response to the rapid climate and environmental changes currently affecting these regions.
Published: 2021
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6. Development of a diffuse reflectance probe for in situ measurement of inherent optical properties in sea ice

Author: C. Perron, C. Katlein, S. Lambert-Girard, E. Leymarie, L.-P. Guinard, P. Marquet, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Québec [Canada] (CERVO), Département de réadaptation (Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval) [Canada], and Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Faculté de médecine de l'Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: Materials science, Photon, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Monte Carlo method, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, Sea ice, GE1-350, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, Diffusion (business), Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], QE1-996.5, geography.geographical_feature_category, Scattering, Geology, Computational physics, Environmental sciences, Orders of magnitude (time), Attenuation coefficient, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Diffuse reflection
Abstract: Detailed characterization of the spatially and temporally varying inherent optical properties (IOPs) of sea ice is necessary to better predict energy and mass balances, as well as ice-associated primary production. Here we present the development of an active optical probe to measure IOPs of a small volume of sea ice (dm3) in situ and non-destructively. The probe is derived from the diffuse reflectance method used to measure the IOPs of human tissues. The instrument emits light into the ice by the use of an optical fibre. Backscattered light is measured at multiple distances away from the source using several receiving fibres. Comparison to a Monte Carlo simulated lookup table allows, in theory, retrieval of the absorption coefficient, the reduced scattering coefficient and a phase function similarity parameter γ, introduced by Bevilacqua and Depeursinge (1999). γ depends on the two first moments of the Legendre polynomials, allowing the analysis of the backscattered light not satisfying the diffusion regime. The depth reached into the medium by detected photons was estimated using Monte Carlo simulations: the maximum depth reached by 95 % of the detected photons was between 40±2 and 270±20 mm depending on the source–detector distance and on the ice scattering properties. The magnitude of the instrument validation error on the reduced scattering coefficient ranged from 0.07 % for the most scattering medium to 35 % for the less scattering medium over the 2 orders of magnitude we validated. Fixing the absorption coefficient and γ, which proved difficult to measure, vertical profiles of the reduced scattering coefficient were obtained with decimetre resolution on first-year Arctic interior sea ice on Baffin Island in early spring 2019. We measured values of up to 7.1 m−1 for the uppermost layer of interior ice and down to 0.15±0.05 m−1 for the bottommost layer. These values are in the range of polar interior sea ice measurements published by other authors. The inversion of the reduced scattering coefficient at this scale was strongly dependent on the value of γ, highlighting the need to define the higher moments of the phase function. This newly developed probe provides a fast and reliable means for measurement of scattering in sea ice.
Published: 2021
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7. Pesticide responses of Arctic and temperate microalgae differ in relation to ecophysiological characteristics

Author: Du, Juan, Izquierdo, Disney, Naoum, Jonathan, Ohlund, Leanne, Sleno, Lekha, Beisner, Beatrix, Lavaud, Johann, Juneau, Philippe, Centre de Recherche en Toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des Sciences Biologiques [Montréal], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Groupe de recherche interuniversitaire en limnologie et en environnement aquatique - GRIL (Montréal, Canada), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, Aquatic Science
Abstract: Polar ecosystems play an important role in global primary production. Microalgae have adaptations that enable them to live under low temperature environments where irradiance and day length change drastically. Their adaptations, leading to different ecophysiological characteristics relative to temperate species, could also alter their sensitivity to pollutants such as pesticides. This study's objective was to understand how different ecophysiological characteristics influence the response of Arctic phytoplankton to pesticides in relation to the responses of their temperate counterparts. Ecophysiological endpoints were related to growth, cell biovolume, pigment content, photosynthetic activity, photoprotective mechanisms (NPQ, antioxidant enzyme activities), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. The Arctic species Micromonas polaris was more resistant to atrazine and simazine than its temperate counterpart Micromonas bravo. However, the other Arctic species Chaetoceros neogracilis was more sensitive to these herbicides than its temperate counterpart Chaetoceros neogracile. With respect to two other pesticide toxicity, both temperate microalgae were more sensitive to trifluralin, while Arctic microalgae were more sensitive to chlorpyrifos (insecticide). All differences could be ascribed to differences in the eco-physiological features of the two microalgal groups, which can be explained by cell size, pigment content, ROS content and protective mechanisms (NPQ and antioxidant enzymes).
Published: 2022
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8. Global Distribution of Zooplankton Biomass Estimated by In Situ Imaging and Machine Learning

Author: Laetitia Drago, Thelma Panaïotis, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Marcel Babin, Tristan Biard, François Carlotti, Laurent Coppola, Lionel Guidi, Helena Hauss, Lee Karp-Boss, Fabien Lombard, Andrew M. P. McDonnell, Marc Picheral, Andreas Rogge, Anya M. Waite, Lars Stemmann, Rainer Kiko, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), University of Maine - School of Marine Sciences, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), and Dalhousie University [Halifax]
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, in situ imaging, biomass, spatial distribution, underwater vision profiler (UVP), Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, habitat modeling, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, boosted regression trees (BRT), global zooplankton, machine learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Zooplankton plays a major role in ocean food webs and biogeochemical cycles, and provides major ecosystem services as a main driver of the biological carbon pump and in sustaining fish communities. Zooplankton is also sensitive to its environment and reacts to its changes. To better understand the importance of zooplankton, and to inform prognostic models that try to represent them, spatially-resolved biomass estimates of key plankton taxa are desirable. In this study we predict, for the first time, the global biomass distribution of 19 zooplankton taxa (1-50 mm Equivalent Spherical Diameter) using observations with the Underwater Vision Profiler 5, a quantitative in situ imaging instrument. After classification of 466,872 organisms from more than 3,549 profiles (0-500 m) obtained between 2008 and 2019 throughout the globe, we estimated their individual biovolumes and converted them to biomass using taxa-specific conversion factors. We then associated these biomass estimates with climatologies of environmental variables (temperature, salinity, oxygen, etc.), to build habitat models using boosted regression trees. The results reveal maximal zooplankton biomass values around 60°N and 55°S as well as minimal values around the oceanic gyres. An increased zooplankton biomass is also predicted for the equator. Global integrated biomass (0-500 m) was estimated at 0.403 PgC. It was largely dominated by Copepoda (35.7%, mostly in polar regions), followed by Eumalacostraca (26.6%) Rhizaria (16.4%, mostly in the intertropical convergence zone). The machine learning approach used here is sensitive to the size of the training set and generates reliable predictions for abundant groups such as Copepoda (R2 ≈ 20-66%) but not for rare ones (Ctenophora, Cnidaria, R2 < 5%). Still, this study offers a first protocol to estimate global, spatially resolved zooplankton biomass and community composition from in situ imaging observations of individual organisms. The underlying dataset covers a period of 10 years while approaches that rely on net samples utilized datasets gathered since the 1960s. Increased use of digital imaging approaches should enable us to obtain zooplankton biomass distribution estimates at basin to global scales in shorter time frames in the future.
Published: 2022
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9. A reliable procedure to obtain environmentally relevant nanoplastic proxies

Author: Florent Blancho, Francesco-Sirio Fumagalli, Giacomo Ceccone, Julien Gigault, Mélanie Davranche, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE34-0008-05, Agence Nationale de la Recherche
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials Science (miscellaneous), 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Mechanical abrasion, chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Biochemical engineering, 0210 nano-technology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; More environmentally relevant nanoplastic models are urgently needed. Models of environmental plastics are used to develop analytical methods to get an accurate picture of how nanoplastics behave in natural systems, and to generate data on nanoplastics’ environmental fate and impact on living organisms. Despite the recent progress in developing models to mimic nanoplastics, the models that are available do not yet show enough diversity to represent the wide heterogeneity in the physical and chemical properties of environmental nanoplastics. In this paper, we report on the strategy we developed to obtain environmentally relevant nanoplastics by mechanical abrasion and sonication of weathered plastics collected from the natural environment (on the beach, and floating in the water). An organic matter degradation protocol was devised to eliminate any potential organic residues that were initially present on the collected plastic samples. The final nanoplastic suspension contains an average of 400 mg carbon L-1, allowing the surface properties to be characterized by XPS, BET analysis, and potentiometric titration. The size distribution of nanoplastics ranges from 200 to 500 nm, with a heterogenous shape and composition (polyethylene or polypropylene) similar to the nanoplastics observed in marine, coastline, and soil systems..
Published: 2021
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10. New Allometric Equations for Arctic Shrubs and Their Application for Calculating the Albedo of Surfaces with Snow and Protruding Branches

Author: Ghislain Picard, Florent Domine, Mathieu Barrere, Laurent Arnaud, Stéphane Boudreau, Mélissa Paradis, Maria Belke-Brea, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Fondation BNP-Paribas, NSERC, IPEV
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Vegetation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Radiative forcing, Tree allometry, Parameterization, Shortwave radiation, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, Albedo, Atmospheric sciences, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Snow cover, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Arctic shrubs reduce surface albedo in winter when branches protrude above the snow. To calculate the albedo of those mixed surfaces, the branch area index (BAI) of Arctic shrubs needs to be known. Moreover, an exposed-vegetation function is required to determine the BAI for protruding branches only. This study used a structural analysis of 30Betula glandulosashrubs, sampled near Umiujaq, northern Quebec, to (i) establish an allometric relationship between shrub height and BAI and (ii) determine a specific exposed-vegetation function for Arctic shrubs. The spectral albedo (400–1080 nm) of mixed surfaces was then simulated with the equations derived from this study and validated with in situ measured spectra. Shrubs were sampled from two sites, one along the coast and the other in a nearby valley. The shrub height–BAI relationship varied between both sites. BAI values of shrubs growing in the wind-sheltered valley were 30%–50% lower. The exposed-vegetation function obtained here differed from the linear functions found in the literature. The linear functions strongly overestimated the BAI of exposed branches. Albedo was well simulated with an accuracy of 3% when using an allometric relationship adapted to the environmental conditions of our study site. However, simulated albedo values were consistently higher than field measurements, probably because radiation absorbed by impurities and buried branches was neglected in the model. We conclude that specific exposed-vegetation and allometric equations need to be implemented in models to accurately simulate the albedo of mixed snow–shrub surfaces.
Published: 2020
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11. Learning from the past: Impact of the Arctic Oscillation on sea ice and marine productivity off northwest Greenland over the last 9,000 years

Author: Xavier Crosta, Guillaume Massé, Jacques Giraudeau, Sofia Ribeiro, Marit-Solveig Seidenkrantz, Philippe Martinez, Katrine Elnegaard Hansen, Audrey Limoges, Eleanor Georgiadis, Kaarina Weckström, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Biosciences, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geoscience [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of Helsinki, and UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Greenland, 01 natural sciences, WEST GREENLAND, LABRADOR SEA, SURFACE CONDITIONS, HOLOCENE, Cryosphere, Ice Cover, Primary Research Article, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Holocene, JAKOBSHAVN ISBRAE, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, FRESH-WATER, Ecology, Arctic Regions, marine sediment, climate change, Oceanography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, 010506 paleontology, Food Chain, Climate change, highly branched isoprenoid (HBI) biomarkers, diatoms, DINOFLAGELLATE CYSTS, Sea ice, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, NORTHERNMOST BAFFIN-BAY, Arctic Oscillation, Global warming, Pelagic zone, Primary Research Articles, DISKO BUGT, Baffin Bay, Arctic oscillation, Arctic, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, paleoceanography, phytoplankton, Environmental science, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: Climate warming is rapidly reshaping the Arctic cryosphere and ocean conditions, with consequences for sea ice and pelagic productivity patterns affecting the entire marine food web. To predict how ongoing changes will impact Arctic marine ecosystems, concerted effort from various disciplines is required. Here, we contribute multi‐decadal reconstructions of changes in diatom production and sea‐ice conditions in relation to Holocene climate and ocean conditions off northwest Greenland. Our multiproxy study includes diatoms, sea‐ice biomarkers (IP25 and HBI III) and geochemical tracers (TOC [total organic carbon], TOC:TN [total nitrogen], δ13C, δ15N) from a sediment core record spanning the last c. 9,000 years. Our results suggest that the balance between the outflow of polar water from the Arctic, and input of Atlantic water from the Irminger Current into the West Greenland Current is a key factor in controlling sea‐ice conditions, and both diatom phenology and production in northeastern Baffin Bay. Our proxy record notably shows that changes in sea‐surface conditions initially forced by Neoglacial cooling were dynamically amplified by the shift in the dominant phase of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) mode that occurred at c. 3,000 yr BP, and caused drastic changes in community composition and a decline in diatom production at the study site. In the future, with projected dominant‐positive AO conditions favored by Arctic warming, increased water column stratification may counteract the positive effect of a longer open‐water growth season and negatively impact diatom production., We present the first continuous and high‐resolution diatom record from northeastern Baffin Bay spanning the last c. 9,000 years. Our data show that the variability in sea ice and primary production on the northwest Greenland shelf is linked to modulations in millennial‐scale Arctic Oscillation. The phenology and diatom community structure is largely controlled by water‐column stratification and sea‐ice conditions.
Published: 2020
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12. Impact of Shrubs on Winter Surface Albedo and Snow Specific Surface Area at a Low Arctic Site: In Situ Measurements and Simulations

Author: Florent Domine, Laurent Arnaud, Maria Belke-Brea, Mathieu Barrere, Ghislain Picard, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], CLIPS, Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), In situ, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0208 environmental biotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Albedo, Snow, 01 natural sciences, 020801 environmental engineering, The arctic, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Specific surface area, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Erect shrubs in the Arctic reduce surface albedo when branches protrude above the snow and modify snow properties, in particular specific surface area (SSA). Important consequences are changes in the land surface–atmosphere energy exchange and the increase of snow melting in autumn, possibly inducing reduced soil thermal insulation and in turn permafrost cooling. Near Umiujaq (56.5°N, 76.5°W) in the Canadian low Arctic where dwarf birches (Betula glandulosa) are expanding, spectral albedo (400–1080 nm) under diffuse light and vertical profiles of SSA were measured in November and December 2015 at four sites: three with protruding branches and one with only snow. At the beginning of the snow season (8 November), shrub-induced albedo reductions were found to be wavelength dependent and as high as 55% at 500 nm and 18% at 1000 nm, which, integrated over the measurement range (400–1080 nm), corresponds to 70 W m−2 of additional absorbed energy. The impact of shrubs is not just snow darkening. They also affect snow SSA in multiple ways, by accumulating snow with high SSA during cold windy precipitation and favoring SSA decrease by inducing melting during warm spells. However, the impact on the radiation budget of direct darkening from shrubs likely dominates over the indirect change in SSA. Spectral albedo was simulated with a linear mixing equation (LME), which fitted well with observed spectra. The average root-mean-square error was 0.009. We conclude that LMEs are a suitable tool to parameterize mixed surface albedo in snow and climate models.
Published: 2020
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13. Green Edge ice camp campaigns: understanding the processes controlling the under-ice Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom

Author: P. Massicotte, R. Amiraux, M.-P. Amyot, P. Archambault, M. Ardyna, L. Arnaud, L. Artigue, C. Aubry, P. Ayotte, G. Bécu, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, H. C. Bittig, A. Bricaud, É. Brossier, F. Bruyant, L. Chauvaud, D. Christiansen-Stowe, H. Claustre, V. Cornet-Barthaux, P. Coupel, C. Cox, A. Delaforge, T. Dezutter, C. Dimier, F. Domine, F. Dufour, C. Dufresne, D. Dumont, J. Ehn, B. Else, J. Ferland, M.-H. Forget, L. Fortier, M. Galí, V. Galindo, M. Gallinari, N. Garcia, C. Gérikas Ribeiro, M. Gourdal, P. Gourvil, C. Goyens, P.-L. Grondin, P. Guillot, C. Guilmette, M.-N. Houssais, F. Joux, L. Lacour, T. Lacour, A. Lafond, J. Lagunas, C. Lalande, J. Laliberté, S. Lambert-Girard, J. Larivière, J. Lavaud, A. LeBaron, K. Leblanc, F. Le Gall, J. Legras, M. Lemire, M. Levasseur, E. Leymarie, A. Leynaert, A. Lopes dos Santos, A. Lourenço, D. Mah, C. Marec, D. Marie, N. Martin, C. Marty, S. Marty, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, L. Matthes, B. Moriceau, P.-E. Muller, C.-J. Mundy, G. Neukermans, L. Oziel, C. Panagiotopoulos, J.-J. Pangrazi, G. Picard, M. Picheral, F. Pinczon du Sel, N. Pogorzelec, I. Probert, B. Quéguiner, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, E. Rehm, E. Reimer, J.-F. Rontani, S. Rysgaard, B. Saint-Béat, M. Sampei, J. Sansoulet, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, C. Sévigny, Y. Shen, M. Tragin, J.-É. Tremblay, D. Vaulot, G. Verin, F. Vivier, A. Vladoiu, J. Whitehead, M. Babin, Asian School of the Environment, Takuvik Joint ULaval/CNRS Laboratory, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laval University [Québec], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford University [Stanford], Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, Laval University [Québec], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de la Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dept Biologie, Université Laval, Université Laval, Laboratoire d’Océanologie et de Géosciences (LOG) - UMR 8187 (LOG), Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division de la productivité des Océans (Ministère des Pêches et des Océans), Institut Maurice-Lamontagne, Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), ECOlogy of MArine Plankton (ECOMAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Développement Instrumental et Techniques Marines (DITM), Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Greenland Institute for Natural Resources (GINR), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie des Plantes (IBP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Biology [Québec], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), CNES(project#131425)IPEV(project#1164)CSA,FondationTotalArcticNetLEFEFrench Arctic Initiative (GreenEdgeproject), ANR: GreenEdge project,ANR (Contract #111112),Contract #111112, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec [Canada] (INSPQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive [ESPUM-Montréal] (ESPUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemünde (IOW), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography [Calgary], University of Calgary, Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad Mayor [Santiago de Chile], Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Toxicologie du Québec (CTQ), Département de médecine sociale et préventive (DMPS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Applied Physics Laboratory [Seattle] (APL-UW), University of Washington [Seattle], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2020-....] (Grenoble INP [2020-....]), Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....] (UGA [2020-....])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire océanologique de Villefranche-sur-mer (OOVM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, PACIFIC, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ZONE, 010501 environmental sciences, Zooplankton, 01 natural sciences, CARBON, ALGAE, OCEAN, Ice Camp, Phytoplankton, Sea ice, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Arctic studies, ACL, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Biology and Life Sciences, Spring bloom, 15. Life on land, CHLOROPHYLL, IRRADIANCE, Environmental engineering [Engineering], lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, VOLUME, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, Phytoplankton Spring Bloom, SEA-ICE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Bay
Abstract: The Green Edge initiative was developed to investigate the processes controlling the primary productivity and fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic phytoplankton spring bloom (PSB) and to determine its role in the ecosystem. Two field campaigns were conducted in 2015 and 2016 at an ice camp located on landfast sea ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay (67.4797∘ N, 63.7895∘ W). During both expeditions, a large suite of physical, chemical and biological variables was measured beneath a consolidated sea-ice cover from the surface to the bottom (at 360 m depth) to better understand the factors driving the PSB. Key variables, such as conservative temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured at the ice camp. Meteorological and snow-relevant variables were also monitored. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to tidy and standardize the collected datasets, which will facilitate their reuse in other Arctic studies. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.17882/59892 (Massicotte et al., 2019a).
Published: 2020
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14. Nanoplastics: From model materials to colloidal fate

Author: Antoine Aynard, Stéphanie Reynaud, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Institut Charles Sadron (ICS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E2S (Energy and Environment Solutions) of the Universite de Pau et Pays de l’Adour, ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019), ANR-16-IDEX-0002,E2S,E2S(2016), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Model materials, Colloid, Aggregation, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aqueous medium, Chemistry, Biota, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Nanoplastics, Colloidal properties, 0210 nano-technology, Stability
Abstract: International audience; Nanoplastics are pieces of plastic debris of mixed shape and chemical composition, which can be present in the air, soil, freshwater bodies, seas, biota, and our diet. We know little about the prevalence of nanoplastics and the risks they pose to the health of living organisms; recent studies of plastics in the environment have not significantly contributed information about this crucial topic. In this article, nanoplastics are presented as colloids. Analysing their colloidal properties shows that their fate is governed by interfacial properties, Trojan horse properties, and their stability in aqueous media. Their hazards, however, are as yet unknown.
Published: 2022
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15. Metal-binding processes on Nanoplastics : Rare earth elements as a probe

Author: Florent Blancho, Mélanie Davranche, Rémi Marsac, Adrien Léon, Aline Dia, Bruno Grassl, Stéphanie Reynaud, Julien Gigault, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), Ministère de l'Education Supérieure, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI), Région Bretagne, Rennes Metropole, ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), and ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019)
Subjects: [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Metals, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Characterization, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sorption, Nanoplastics, Rare earth elements, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The nanoplastics presence in the ocean and soil demonstrates their global distribution in the environment. Due to their colloidal properties, nanoplastics could influence trace metal speciation in natural matrices, which has been poorly addressed due to the lack of methodology to assess the nanoplastics -metal association in the natural environment. To give a global picture of this property for nanoplastics, this work aims at using rare earth elements (REE) as a chemical probe to understand metal adsorption mechanisms that could occur onto nanoplastics surfaces, which is expected to be highly oxidized in the environment. Comparison between environmentally relevant nanoplastics’ models and REE-COOH complexes patterns demonstrated that REE are adsorbed through the COOH sites onto the nanoplastics. These adsorptions pathways follow a mono-ligand process for light REE and bi-ligand for heavy REE complexes, chelate being excluded. We demonstrated that the denticity of the complexes is influenced by the pH, REE loading, and competitive ions. Bi-ligand complexes with heavy REE dominate at pH>4.5 and low REE loading. This study is a novel approach in understanding NPs-metals interaction and highlights REE as a powerful tracer of sorption mechanisms.
Published: 2022
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16. Effect of the Surface Hydrophobicity–Morphology–Functionality of Nanoplastics on Their Homoaggregation in Seawater

Author: Cloé Veclin, Cloé Desmet, Alice Pradel, Andrea Valsesia, Jessica Ponti, Hind El Hadri, Thomas Maupas, Virginie Pellerin, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Stéphanie Reynaud, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: aggregation, nanoplastic, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, stability, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0210 nano-technology, colloid, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, seawater
Abstract: International audience; The way nanoplastics aggregate in the environment is one of the key properties that control their final fate and impact on the environment. In the present work, to better predict their transportation pathways, nanoplastic homoaggregation was studied in saltwater to predict the behavior in seawater. We designed nanoplastic models that are free of additives with a chemical control of the surface to model surface weathering. The samples present a wide distribution of relevant surface properties such as functionality (ionizable carboxylic group, 0.10 to 1.7 mmol g–1), hydrophobicity (surface energy, 2.20 to 37.5 mJ m–2), surface morphology (smooth or “raspberry-textured),” zeta potential (−31 to −21 mV), and anisotropy in shape. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) measurements demonstrate that spherical nanoparticles are more stable in seawater (CCC > 600 mmol L–1) than anisotropic nanoplastics (CCC ∼ 100 mmol L–1). The results highlight the importance of considering the surface properties and shape when assessing the behavior of nanoplastics in the environment.
Published: 2022
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17. The underestimated effects of nanoplastics on living organisms

Author: Baudrimont, M., Gigault, J., Arini, A, Venel, Z., Feurtet-Mazel, A., Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Scientific SessionsS-31 | Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and human health
Published: 2022
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18. Potential for the Production of Carotenoids of Interest in the Polar Diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Author: Sébastien Guérin, Laura Raguénès, Dany Croteau, Marcel Babin, Johann Lavaud, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du chloroplaste et perception de la lumière chez les micro-algues, Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: diadinoxanthin, photosynthesis, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, diatoxanthin, polar diatoms, fucoxanthin, blue light, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics (miscellaneous)
Abstract: Carotenoid xanthophyll pigments are receiving growing interest in various industrial fields due to their broad and diverse bioactive and health beneficial properties. Fucoxanthin (Fx) and the inter-convertible couple diadinoxanthin–diatoxanthin (Ddx+Dtx) are acknowledged as some of the most promising xanthophylls; they are mainly synthesized by diatoms (Bacillariophyta). While temperate strains of diatoms have been widely investigated, recent years showed a growing interest in using polar strains, which are better adapted to the natural growth conditions of Nordic countries. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of the polar diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus in producing Fx and Ddx+Dtx by means of the manipulation of the growth light climate (daylength, light intensity and spectrum) and temperature. We further compared its best capacity to the strongest xanthophyll production levels reported for temperate counterparts grown under comparable conditions. In our hands, the best growing conditions for F. cylindrus were a semi-continuous growth at 7 °C and under a 12 h light:12 h dark photoperiod of monochromatic blue light (445 nm) at a PUR of 11.7 μmol photons m−2 s−1. This allowed the highest Fx productivity of 43.80 µg L−1 day−1 and the highest Fx yield of 7.53 µg Wh−1, more than two times higher than under ‘white’ light. For Ddx+Dtx, the highest productivity (4.55 µg L−1 day−1) was reached under the same conditions of ‘white light’ and at 0 °C. Our results show that F. cylindrus, and potentially other polar diatom strains, are very well suited for Fx and Ddx+Dtx production under conditions of low temperature and light intensity, reaching similar productivity levels as model temperate counterparts such as Phaeodactylum tricornutum. The present work supports the possibility of using polar diatoms as an efficient cold and low light-adapted bioresource for xanthophyll pigments, especially usable in Nordic countries.
Published: 2022
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19. Content in fatty acids and carotenoids in phytoplankton blooms during the seasonal sea ice retreat in Hudson Bay complex, Canada

Author: Rémi Amiraux, Johann Lavaud, Kasey Cameron-Bergeron, Lisa C. Matthes, Ilka Peeken, Christopher J. Mundy, David G. Babb, Jean-Eric Tremblay, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], and University of Manitoba [Winnipeg]
Subjects: Carotenoid, Atmospheric Science, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Environmental Engineering, Ecology, Hudson Bay complex, Fucoxanthin, Spring phytoplankton bloom, Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, Geology, Peridinin, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Oceanography, Docosahexaenoic acid, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Hudson Bay complex (HBC) is home to numerous indigenous communities that traditionally have relied heavily on its marine resources. The nutritional quality and stocks of the entire HBC food web depend in large part on the phytoplankton production of bioactive molecules (long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and carotenoids) and their transfer through trophic levels. The purpose of this study was thus to determine which molecules were produced during spring phytoplankton blooms, as well as the environmental factors driving this production. We investigated 21 stations in 5 sub-regions of the HBC. At the time of sampling, the sub-regions studied had different environmental settings (e.g., ice cover, nutrients, seawater salinity and temperature) conditioning their bloom stages. Pre- and post-bloom stages were associated with relatively low concentrations of bioactive molecules (either fatty acids or carotenoids). In contrast, the highest concentrations of bioactive molecules (dominated by eicosapentaenoic acid and fucoxanthin) were associated with the diatom bloom that typically occurs at the ice edge when silicates remain available. Interestingly, the large riverine inputs in eastern Hudson Bay led to a change in protist composition (larger contribution of Dinophyceae), resulting in lower while more diverse content of bioactive molecules, whether fatty acids (e.g., α-linolenic acid) or carotenoids (e.g., peridinin). As greater stratification of the HBC is expected in the future, we suggest that a mixotrophic/heterotrophic flagellate-based food web would become more prevalent, resulting in a smaller supply of bioactive molecules for the food web.
Published: 2022
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20. Chemistry in the Cryosphere

Author: Domine, Florent, Shepson, Paul, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ice, snow, chemistry, climate, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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21. Micro- and nanoplastics' transfer in freezing saltwater: Implications for their fate in polar waters

Author: Maud Gautier, Julien Gigault, Alice Pradel, Dominique Bavay, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)
Subjects: Microplastics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Natural organic matter, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Congelation, Freezing, Sea ice, Environmental Chemistry, Analytical strategy, Ice Cover, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, General Medicine, Debris, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Polar, Plastics
Abstract: International audience; Plastic debris accumulate in the Arctic by way of oceanic and atmospheric circulation. High concentrations of microplastics (1μm to 5 mm) have been measured, and nanoplastics (
Published: 2021
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22. Snow hardness impacts intranivean locomotion of arctic small mammals

Author: Jean-François Lamarre, Dominique Fauteux, Florent Domine, Mathilde Poirier, Gilles Gauthier, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Rodent, fossorial, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, biology.animal, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Ecology, Fossorial, burrowing behavior, 15. Life on land, Snow, hardness, Digging, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, digging, lemming
Abstract: Fossorial locomotion is often considered as the most energetically costly of all terrestrial locomotion. Small arctic rodents, such as lemmings, dig tunnels not only in the soil but also through the snowpack, which is present for over 8 months of the year. Lemmings typically dig in the softest snow layer called the depth hoar but with climate change, melt‐freeze and rain‐on‐snow (ROS) events are expected to increase in the Arctic, leading to a higher frequency of hardened snowpacks. We assessed the impacts of snow hardness on the locomotion of two lemming species showing different morphological adaptations for digging. We hypothesized that an increase in snow hardness would (1) decrease lemming performance and (2) increase their effort while digging, but those responses would differ between lemming species. We exposed four brown lemmings (Lemmus trimucronatus) and three collared lemmings (Dicrostonyx groenlandicus) to snow of different hardness (soft, hard, and ROS) during 30‐min trials (n = 63 trials) in a cold room and filmed their behavior. We found that the digging speed and tunnel length of both species decreased with snow hardness and density, underlining the critical role of snow properties in affecting lemming digging performance. During the ROS trials, time spent digging by lemmings increased considerably and they also started using their incisors to help break the hard snow, validating our second hypothesis. Overall, digging performance was higher in collared lemmings, the species showing more morphological adaptations to digging, than in brown lemmings. We conclude that the digging performance of lemming is highly dependent on snowpack hardness and that the anticipated increase in ROS events may pose a critical energetic challenge for arctic rodent populations.
Published: 2021
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23. Exploring the use of compound-specific carbon isotopes as a palaeoproductivity proxy off the coast of Adélie Land, East Antarctica

Author: Harry Gilchrist, Sabine Schmidt, James A Bendle, Guillaume Massé, Xavier Crosta, Philippine Campagne, Johan Etourneau, Sarah E. Greene, Yvette Eley, Kate E. Ashley, Uthmaan Ibraheem, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), ANR CLIMICE, European Project: 203441,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2007-StG,ICEPROXY(2008), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Context (language use), Antarctic sea ice, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Carbon cycle, Life, QH501-531, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, QH540-549.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, QE1-996.5, Ecology, Baseline (sea), fungi, Geology, Oceanography, Productivity (ecology), 13. Climate action, Isotopes of carbon, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Environmental science
Abstract: The Antarctic coastal zone is an area of high primary productivity, particularly within coastal polynyas, where large phytoplankton blooms and drawdown of CO2 occur. Reconstruction of historical primary productivity changes and the associated driving factors could provide baseline insights on the role of these areas as sinks for atmospheric CO2, especially in the context of projected changes in coastal Antarctic sea ice. Here we investigate the potential for using carbon isotopes (δ13C) of fatty acids in marine sediments as a proxy for primary productivity. We use a highly resolved sediment core from off the coast of Adélie Land spanning the last ∼ 400 years and monitor changes in the concentrations and δ13C of fatty acids along with other proxy data from the same core. We discuss the different possible drivers of their variability and argue that C24 fatty acid δ13C predominantly reflects phytoplankton productivity in open-water environments, while C18 fatty acid δ13C reflects productivity in the marginal ice zone. These new proxies have implications for better understanding carbon cycle dynamics in the Antarctica coastal zone in future palaeoclimate studies.
Published: 2021
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24. Characterization of organic matter in marine sediments to estimate age offset of bulk radiocarbon dating

Author: Hansen, Katrine, Giraudeau, Jacques, Limoges, Audrey, Massé, Guillaume, Rudra, Arka, Wacker, Lukas, Sanei, Hamed, Pearce, Christof, Seidenkrantz, Marit-Solveig, Hansen, Katrine Elnegaard, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)
Subjects: Radiocarbon dating, 010506 paleontology, Age offset, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Stratigraphy, Geochemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Organic pyrolysis, Foraminifera, Marine sediments, law, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, Holocene, Terrigenous sediment, Stable isotope ratio, Sediment, Geology, biology.organism_classification, Bulk organic matter, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Clastic rock, Sedimentary rock
Abstract: Radiocarbon dating of Arctic marine sediment is often challenging due to the low availability of calcareous fossils. Consequently, bulk organic matter dating has at times been used to establish sediment core chronologies. Yet, radiocarbon dates based on bulk organic matter often appear to deviate vastly from dates based on fossils, mainly caused by input of allochthounous carbon, including terrigenous organic matter. In this study, we aim to examine the link between the composition of the bulk organic matter and the age offsets between the bulk radiocarbon dates and those obtained from calcareous foraminiferal tests. All samples are taken from the marine sediment core AMD14-204C from offshore Upernavik (eastern Baffin Bay). The radiocarbon dates for bulk organic matter are on average similar to 3000 years older than the radiocarbon dates based on foraminifera, but with changing age offsets throughout the record. To investigate the cause of this age offset and its variations over time, we applied core scanning, X-ray Fluorescence analysis, stable isotopes, organic pyrolysis and microscopic organic petrology to examine the distribution and characterization of the organic matter. The results show that the older organic matter includes clastic input of reworked sedimentary rocks potentially originating from West Greenland and/or the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Changes in the input of contemporary marine algal produced organic matter versus both terrigenous input and reworked ancient organic matter appear to control the age offsets between the bulk and foraminifera dates. A low Hydrogen Index and low delta C-13(org) values together with a high Oxygen Index, indicative of high influence of terrigenous organic matter, seem to correspond to samples with the largest age offsets; 1000-2000 years greater than in other samples. To examine the cause of the variations in the age offsets, a new quantification of the autochthonous organic matter as a fraction of the TOC was calculated. This shows that samples with the largest age offsets contained the lowest fraction (as low as similar to 12%) of autochthonous organic matter in the TOC. ISSN:1871-1014
Published: 2021
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25. Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean epipelagic plankton community interactome

Author: Samuel Chaffron, Pierre E. Galand, Connie Lovejoy, Alison E. Murray, Hugo Sarmento, Tara Oceans Coordinators, Silvia G. Acinas, Marcel Babin, Daniele Iudicone, Olivier Jaillon, Eric Karsenti, Erwan Delage, Patrick Wincker, Lee Karp-Boss, Matthew B. Sullivan, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Damien Eveillard, Marko Budinich, Damien Vintache, Nicolas Henry, Charlotte Nef, Mathieu Ardyna, Ahmed A. Zayed, Pedro C. Junger, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Department of Microbiology [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences (DEES), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), University of Maine, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-BTBR-0008,OCEANOMICS,Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques(2011), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0054,MEMOLIFE,Memory in living systems: an integrated approach(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Helmut Horten Foundation, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, European Project: 862923,AtlantECO, and European Project: 835067,DIATOMIC
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, Environmental change, Ecology, fungi, Biome, Community structure, Climate change, Environmental science, Pelagic zone, sense organs, Plankton, Food web, Environmental niche modelling
Abstract: Marine plankton form complex communities of interacting organisms at the base of the food web, which sustain oceanic biogeochemical cycles and help regulate climate. Although global surveys are starting to reveal ecological drivers underlying planktonic community structure and predicted climate change responses, it is unclear how community-scale species interactions will be affected by climate change. Here, we leveraged Tara Oceans sampling to infer a global ocean cross-domain plankton co-occurrence network—the community interactome—and used niche modeling to assess its vulnerabilities to environmental change. Globally, this revealed a plankton interactome self-organized latitudinally into marine biomes (Trades, Westerlies, Polar) and more connected poleward. Integrated niche modeling revealed biome-specific community interactome responses to environmental change and forecasted the most affected lineages for each community. These results provide baseline approaches to assess community structure and organismal interactions under climate scenarios while identifying plausible plankton bioindicators for ocean monitoring of climate change, This article is contribution number 120 of Tara Oceans.-- 15 pages, 4 figures, supplementary materials https://www.science.org/doi/suppl/10.1126/sciadv.abg1921/suppl_file/sciadv.abg1921_SM.pdf.-- Data and materials availability: Data described here are available at the EBI under the project identifiers PRJEB402 and PRJEB7988 and at PANGAEA (96). All data (raw abundance matrices and interactome graphML files) needed to evaluate the conclusions of the paper are available in the Supplementary Materials. A web server for exploring and searching the global ocean interactome is available at https://saas.ls2n.fr/Tara-Oceans-interactome/, We further thank the commitment of the following sponsors: CNRS (in particular Groupement de Recherche GDR3280 and the Research Federation for the study of Global Ocean Systems Ecology and Evolution, FR2022/Tara Oceans-GOSEE), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Genoscope/CEA, the French Ministry of Research, the French Government “Investissements d’Avenir” programmes OCEANOMICS (ANR-11-BTBR-0008), FRANCE GENOMIQUE (ANR-10-INBS-09-08), MEMO LIFE (ANR-10-LABX-54), PSL* Research University (ANR-11-IDEX-0001-02), ETH and the Helmut Horten Foundation, MEXT/JSPS/KAKENHI (projects 16H06429, 16K21723, 16H06437, and 18H02279), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project MAGGY-CTM2017-87736-R), ERC Advanced Award Diatomic (grant agreement 835067 to CB), the CNRS MITI through the interdisciplinary program Modélisation du Vivant (GOBITMAP grant to SC), and the H2020 European Commission project AtlantECO (award number 862923). […]. E.D. is supported by the RFI ATLANSTIC2020 grant (PROBIOSTIC grant to DE). M.Bu. received financial support from the French Facility for Global Environment (FFEM) as part of the “Ocean Plankton, Climate and Development” project. P.C.J. was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP (PhD grant 2017/26786-1). H.S. is supported by a Brazilian Research Council (CNPq) productivity grant (process 309514/2017-7) and FAPESP (grant 2014/14139-3). […] Additional funding from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) Canada Discovery program is gratefully acknowledged., With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S)
Published: 2021
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26. DMS emissions from the Arctic marginal ice zone

Author: Martí Galí, Julie Dinasquet, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Achim Randelhoff, Eric Rehm, Lei Xue, Rachel Hussherr, Marcel Babin, David J. Kieber, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Barcelona Supercomputing Center
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Marginal ice zone, Climate change, Library science, Phaeocystis pouchetii, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Marie curie, Arctic, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sea ice--Arctic Ocean, Ecology, Escalfament global, Global warming, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Dimethylsulfoniopropionate, Atmospheric research, The arctic, Dimethylsulfide, Geography, 13. Climate action, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Ciències de la terra i de la vida [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Phytoplankton, Microbial plankton, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Phytoplankton blooms in the Arctic marginal ice zone (MIZ) can be prolific dimethylsulfide (DMS) producers, thereby influencing regional aerosol formation and cloud radiative forcing. Here we describe the distribution of DMS and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) across the Baffin Bay receding ice edge in early summer 2016. Overall, DMS and total DMSP (DMSPt) increased towards warmer waters of Atlantic origin concurrently with more advanced ice-melt and bloom stages. Relatively high DMS and DMSPt (medians of 6.3 and 70 nM, respectively) were observed in the surface layer (0–9 m depth), and very high values (reaching 74 and 524 nM, respectively) at the subsurface biomass maximum (15–30 m depth). Microscopic and pigment analyses indicated that subsurface DMS and DMSPt peaks were associated with Phaeocystis pouchetii, which bloomed in Atlantic-influenced waters and reached unprecedented biomass levels in Baffin Bay. In surface waters, DMS concentrations and DMS:DMSPt ratios were higher in the MIZ (medians of 12 nM and 0.15, respectively) than in fully ice-covered or ice-free conditions, potentially associated with enhanced phytoplanktonic DMSP release and bacterial DMSP cleavage (high dddP:dmdA gene ratios). Mean sea–air DMS fluxes (µmol m–2 d–1) increased from 0.3 in ice-covered waters to 10 in open waters (maximum of 26) owing to concurrent trends in near-surface DMS concentrations and physical drivers of gas exchange. Using remotely sensed sea-ice coverage and a compilation of sea–air DMS flux data, we estimated that the pan-Arctic DMS emission from the MIZ (EDMS, MIZ) was 5–13 Gg S yr–1. North of 80°N, EDMS, MIZ might have increased by around 10 ± 4% yr–1 between 2003 and 2014, likely exceeding open-water emissions in June and July. We conclude that EDMS, MIZ must be taken into account to evaluate plankton-climate feedbacks in the Arctic. We acknowledge funding from AGAUR (Generalitat de Catalunya) Beatriu de Pinós postdoctoral fellowship program (MG), the Canada Excellence Research Chair in Remote Sensing of Canada’s New Arctic Frontier (MB), the Canada Research Chair on Ocean Biogeochemistry and Climate and an NSERC Discovery Grant Program and Northern Research Supplement Program (MLe), NETCARE (NSERC Climate Change and Atmospheric Research program, MLe), the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF-OCE 1756907, DJK), Marie Curie Actions-International Outgoing Fellowship (PIOF-GA-2013-629378, JD), and ArcticNet (The Network of Centres of Excellence of Canada). This is a contribution to the research program of Québec-Océan and the Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (CNRS-France & Université Laval-Canada).
Published: 2021
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27. Metal sorption onto Environmental NanoPlastics (ENPs), towards a mechanistic comprehension?

Author: Mélanie Davranche, Blancho Florent, Julien Gigault, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Dubigeon, Isabelle
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Potentiometric titration, chemistry.chemical_element, Environmental pollution, Sorption, Adsorption, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Mechanism (philosophy), [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Specific surface area, [SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Recently, a large scientific interest was given to nanoplastics regarding major environmental issues. Despite different scientific approaches to study their behavior and impacts, a guiding theme was to produce/use adequate models [1-3]. Applied to metal sorption, such guidance lead to questioning the use of these actual models as they do not present environmentally relevant shape and surfaces properties [1-3]. In response, the use of the altered layer of plastics debris to produce environmental nanoplastics (ENPs) were proposed [4]. Specific plastics debris remained for decades at the ocean surface which result to the production of an altered layer at their surface. This oxidized layer can be considered as environmentally relevant as it was weathered under environmental conditions. Within this approach, Davranche et al. 2019 [4], reported pH dependent Pb sorption by these ENPs. Such behavior can be explained through the sorption onto (de)protonable functional groups (i.e. hydroxyl, phenolic, carboxylic, etc.). However actually the metal-surface relationship description is restricted to an empirical relationship, since, knowledge about the physico-chemical surface properties of nanoplastics remains limited. Our aim, here, is to use a mechanistic approach to describe nanoplastic metal sorption properties. ENPs were produced in large amount using a revisited protocol based on an extra extraction step and the removing of associated organic matter. Specific surface area (BET method), Carbon bonding (XPS) and acidic surface properties (potentiometric titration) were determined. Isotherm and pH-edge of Lead adsorption were performed. Finally, experimental data were used to model Pb adsorption by ENPs and thus decipher the metal sorption mechanism occurring at their surface. Major results are consisted of a (i) detailed physico-chemical description of the ENPs surface and (ii) the description of the mechanisms and parameters that control the metal adsorption by nanoplastics. Such results provide primordial assets to predict/understand impacts of nanoplastics in the environment and major associated issues as well.[1] El Hadri et al. (2020), NanoImpact, 17, 100206.[2] Pessoni et al. (2019), Environ. Sci.: Nano, 6 (7)[3] Mitrano et al. (2019), Nature Nanotechnology, 14, 362–368[4] Davranche et al. (2019), Environmental Pollution, 249, 940–948
Published: 2021

28. Vulnerability of the North Water ecosystem to climate change

Author: Mark Nuttall, Sebastian Wetterich, Rebecca Jackson, Thomas Davidson, Simone Wengrat, Erik Jeppesen, Andrew C. G. Henderson, Sami J. Taipale, Jari Syväranta, William Colgan, Guillaume Massé, Kaarina Weckström, Steffen M. Olsen, Sofia Ribeiro, Jacques Giraudeau, Eleanor Georgiadis, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Antoon Kuijpers, Bjarne Grønnow, Audrey Limoges, Astrid Strunk, Jesper V. Olsen, Xavier Crosta, Kasper Lambert Johansen, Helen Mackay, Martin Nissen, Anders Mosbech, Nicolaj K. Larsen, Naja Mikkelsen, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Eastern Finland, The School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Department of Geography (UNIVERSITé DE DURHAM), Durham University, Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ] (JYU), University of Jyväskylä (JYU), Aarhus University Hospital, Middle East Technical University [Ankara] (METU), SINO-DANISH CENTRE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH BEIJING CHN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], Limnological Institute, University of Konstanz, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources (GINR), University of Alberta, National Museum of Denmark, Department of Conservation, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Environmental Change Research Unit (ECRU), Biosciences, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecosystem ecology, General Physics and Astronomy, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, palaeoceanography, Palaeoceanography, TEMPERATURES, ilmasto, HOLOCENE, Holocene, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 0303 health sciences, arktinen alue, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, Aquatic ecosystem, Climate-change ecology, ecosystem ecology, RECORD, GREENLAND, VARIABILITY, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, lämpeneminen, SEA-ICE, ATLANTIC OSCILLATION, SEDIMENTS, climate-change ecology, Science, Grönlanti, Climate change, inuitit, palaeoclimate, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Ecosystem, RECONSTRUCTION, 14. Life underwater, Keystone species, 1172 Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Global warming, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, ilmastonmuutokset, ekosysteemit (ekologia), Arctic, 13. Climate action, merijää, paleoklimatologia
Abstract: High Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous livelihoods are tightly linked and exposed to climate change, yet assessing their sensitivity requires a long-term perspective. Here, we assess the vulnerability of the North Water polynya, a unique seaice ecosystem that sustains the world’s northernmost Inuit communities and several keystone Arctic species. We reconstruct mid-to-late Holocene changes in sea ice, marine primary production, and little auk colony dynamics through multi-proxy analysis of marine and lake sediment cores. Our results suggest a productive ecosystem by 4400–4200 cal yrs b2k coincident with the arrival of the first humans in Greenland. Climate forcing during the late Holocene, leading to periods of polynya instability and marine productivity decline, is strikingly coeval with the human abandonment of Greenland from c. 2200–1200 cal yrs b2k. Our long-term perspective highlights the future decline of the North Water ecosystem, due to climate warming and changing sea-ice conditions, as an important climate change risk., The North Water polynya is a unique but vulnerable ecosystem, home to Indigenous people and Arctic keystone species. New palaeoecological records from Greenland suggest human abandonment c. 2200–1200 cal yrs BP occurred during climate-forced polynya instability, foreshadowing future ecosystem declines.
Published: 2021
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29. Arctic seabirds and shrinking sea ice: egg analyses reveal the importance of ice-derived resources

Author: Mark L. Mallory, Birgit M Braune, Philippe Massicotte, Jérôme Fort, Guillaume Massé, Fanny Cusset, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Acadia University, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), French Polar Institute ADACLIM research program (IPEV Pgr 388), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Stable isotope analysis, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Oviposition, lcsh:Medicine, Sea Level Rise, 01 natural sciences, Article, Predation, Birds, Sea ice, Animals, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ovum, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, δ13C, biology, Ecology, Arctic Regions, Terpenes, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate-change ecology, lcsh:R, Biota, δ15N, Feeding Behavior, biology.organism_classification, Carbon, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Uria lomvia, Period (geology), Environmental science, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: In the Arctic, sea-ice plays a central role in the functioning of marine food webs and its rapid shrinking has large effects on the biota. It is thus crucial to assess the importance of sea-ice and ice-derived resources to Arctic marine species. Here, we used a multi-biomarker approach combining Highly Branched Isoprenoids (HBIs) with δ13C and δ15N to evaluate how much Arctic seabirds rely on sea-ice derived resources during the pre-laying period, and if changes in sea-ice extent and duration affect their investment in reproduction. Eggs of thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) were collected in the Canadian Arctic during four years of highly contrasting ice conditions, and analysed for HBIs, isotopic (carbon and nitrogen) and energetic composition. Murres heavily relied on ice-associated prey, and sea-ice was beneficial for this species which produced larger and more energy-dense eggs during icier years. In contrast, fulmars did not exhibit any clear association with sympagic communities and were not impacted by changes in sea ice. Murres, like other species more constrained in their response to sea-ice variations, therefore appear more sensitive to changes and may become the losers of future climate shifts in the Arctic, unlike more resilient species such as fulmars.
Published: 2019
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30. What guides lemmings movements through the snowpack?

Author: Gilles Gauthier, Mathilde Poirier, Florent Domine, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Snow pack, snow, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, small mammals, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, Genetics, Cold winter, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Ecology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Forestry, Snowpack, Snow, The arctic, Ground level, Energy expenditure, 13. Climate action, Animal Science and Zoology, movement, Depth hoar, Geology, lemming
Abstract: International audience; The presence of a snowpack, which may last up to 9 months in the Arctic, can provide insulation from the cold winter temperature for small mammals living beneath it, such as lemmings. Since lemmings have to move through the snowpack during that period, it is important to better understand how the physical properties of snow affect the way they dig tunnels. Here, we tested 1) whether lemmings systematically dig in the snowpack at the ground level where they can find their food plants, and 2) whether they choose the softest snow layer in which to dig, which is usually the depth hoar layer in the arctic snowpack. We found 33 lemming tunnels in 2017 and 2018 by digging through the snow at the sites of arctic fox attacks on lemmings. Contrary to our expectation, almost all the tunnels (32/33) were found to be higher than ground level, probably because of the presence of obstacles (i.e., melt-freeze crusts or hummocks) at the base of the snowpack. As predicted, all tunnels were dug in the soft depth hoar layer, which had a lower density than snow layers below and above it. Lemmings also showed a preference to dig their tunnels at the top of the depth hoar, just below a hard snow layer. Systematically digging their tunnels in the lowest-density snow layer, regardless of its height in the snow pack, could be a strategy for lemmings to minimize energy expenditure, which could improve their survival and chances of reproducing in winter. La présence d'un manteau neigeux, qui peut durer jusqu'à 9 mois en Arctique, assure une protection contre le froid pour certains petits mammifères qui s'y abritent pendant l'hiver, tels les lemmings. Cette neige est également susceptible d'affecter leurs mouvements, mais l'endroit exact où les lemmings creusent dans la neige pour se déplacer demeure peu connu. Nous avons donc testé 1) si les lemmings creusent toujours au niveau du sol, près de la végétation dont ils se nourrissent, et 2) s'ils choisissent la couche la plus molle pour creuser, généralement le givre de profondeur dans le manteau neigeux arctique. Nous avons trouvé 33 tunnels de lemmings en 2017 et 2018 en creusant dans la neige à des sites d'attaques de renards sur des lemmings. Nos résultats contredisent notre première hypothèse car presque tous les tunnels étaient plus haut que le niveau du sol (32/33), probablement en raison de la présence d'obstacles (c.-à-d. couches de fonte-regel et hummocks) dans les couches basales du manteau neigeux. En revanche, nos résultats supportent notre deuxième hypothèse puisque les tunnels étaient tous creusés dans le givre de profondeur qui avait une densité plus faible que les couches supérieures et inférieures. Les tunnels de lemmings étaient aussi souvent creusés à la limite supérieure du givre de profondeur, tout juste sous une couche plus dure. Creuser dans la couche de neige la moins dense pourrait être une stratégie des lemmings pour minimiser leurs dépenses énergétiques, ce qui pourrait augmenter leurs chances de survie et de reproduction en hiver.
Published: 2019
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31. Decadal increase in Arctic dimethylsulfide emission

Author: Maurice Levasseur, Martí Galí, Marcel Babin, Emmanuel Devred, Takuvik International Research Laboratory, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Cloud forcing, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Oceans and Seas, Cloud cover, Context (language use), Forcing (mathematics), Sulfides, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Sea ice, Ice Cover, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Precipitation, Ecosystem, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Aerosols, Mesylates, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Arctic Regions, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Phytoplankton, Physical Sciences, Environmental science, Seasons
Abstract: Dimethylsulfide (DMS), a gas produced by marine microbial food webs, promotes aerosol formation in pristine atmospheres, altering cloud radiative forcing and precipitation. Recent studies suggest that DMS controls aerosol formation in the summertime Arctic atmosphere and call for an assessment of pan-Arctic DMS emission (EDMS) in a context of dramatic ecosystem changes. Using a remote sensing algorithm, we show that summertime EDMS from ice-free waters increased at a mean rate of 13.3 ± 6.7 Gg S decade −1 (∼33% decade −1 ) north of 70°N between 1998 and 2016. This trend, mostly explained by the reduction in sea-ice extent, is consistent with independent atmospheric measurements showing an increasing trend of methane sulfonic acid, a DMS oxidation product. Extrapolation to an ice-free Arctic summer could imply a 2.4-fold (±1.2) increase in EDMS compared to present emission. However, unexpected regime shifts in Arctic geo- and ecosystems could result in future EDMS departure from the predicted range. Superimposed on the positive trend, EDMS shows substantial interannual changes and nonmonotonic multiyear trends, reflecting the interplay between physical forcing, ice retreat patterns, and phytoplankton productivity. Our results provide key constraints to determine whether increasing marine sulfur emissions, and resulting aerosol–cloud interactions, will moderate or accelerate Arctic warming in the context of sea-ice retreat and increasing low-level cloud cover.
Published: 2019
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32. From ecological relevance of the ecosystem services concept to its socio-political use. The case study of intertidal bare mudflats in the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France

Author: Laurent Picot, Laurent Barillé, Johann Lavaud, Audrey Rivaud, Jennifer Beseres Pollack, Thierry Sauzeau, Benoit Lebreton, Benoît Prévost, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche sur l'Intégration Economique et Financière (CRIEF), Université de Poitiers, Acteurs, Ressources et Territoires dans le Développement (UMR ART-Dev), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaires en Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Musicologie (CRIHAM), Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Poitiers, Department of Life Sciences, Texas A&M University – Corpus Christi, Texas A&M University [Corpus Christi], Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Intertidal bare mudflats, Economic valuation, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Coastal ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Socio-political use, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Valuation (finance), Contingent valuation, Commodification, business.industry, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, Habitat, Benthic zone, Agriculture, business
Abstract: Assessments based on monetary valuation of ecosystem services have been increasingly used as a tool to highlight the connection between ecosystems and society. The dissemination of this approach is leading to difficulties and ambiguities related to the use of such assessments in the socio-political realm. Such limits can be stressed using the case study of intertidal bare mudflats. These coastal habitats indeed provide many ecological functions—several being related to the high production of benthic microalgae—but also remain poorly known for some other aspects. The major users of these habitats (i.e. oyster farmers) are still unaware about the trophic role of benthic microalgae, limiting contingent valuation survey methods. Moreover, economic valuation cannot take into account the potentials of mudflats (i.e. undescribed functions) like positive feedbacks related to shellfish farming and provision of bioactive compounds. The lack of physical boundaries in marine systems also strongly reduces the effectiveness of assessments. Lastly, there are concerns that monetary valuation can lead to a commodification of the nature or to the economization of the environment (e.g. appropriation of the environment by users, creation of artificial thresholds). The evaluation of the functions of a socio-ecosystem should not only be restricted to a monetary assessment of its ecosystem services, as this framework may be more reductive than integrative. Some other descriptors—not based on currencies—should be used for ecosystem description.
Published: 2019
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33. Ocean temperature impact on ice shelf extent in the eastern Antarctic Peninsula

Author: Etourneau, Johan, Sgubin, Giovanni, Crosta, Xavier, Swingedouw, Didier, Willmott, Verónica, Barbara, Loïc, Houssais, Marie Noëlle, Schouten, Stefan, Sinninghe Damsté, Jaap S., Goosse, Hugues, Escutia, Carlota, Crespin, Julien, Massé, Guillaume, Kim, Jung Hyun, Organic geochemistry, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (IACT), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (UABC), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Institut d'Astronomie et de Géophysique Georges Lemaître (UCL-ASTR), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), European Project: 282672,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,EMBRACE(2011), European Project: 203441,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2007-StG,ICEPROXY(2008), European Project: 243908,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2009-1,PAST4FUTURE(2010), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Netherlands Earth System Science Centre, Korea Polar Research Institute, European Research Council, Organic geochemistry, Organic geochemistry & molecular biogeology, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de Granada (UGR), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIC - Earth & Climate
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Chemistry(all), Science, Effects of global warming on oceans, Sea ice, General Physics and Astronomy, Climate change, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 02 engineering and technology, Forcing (mathematics), Physics and Astronomy(all), Greenhouse effect, Biochemistry, Ice shelf, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Peninsula, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.GL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Glaciology, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), fungi, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Sea surface temperature, 030104 developmental biology, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, General Biochemistry, Water temperature, Antarctica, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, Geology, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all)
Abstract: The recent thinning and retreat of Antarctic ice shelves has been attributed to both atmosphere and ocean warming. However, the lack of continuous, multi-year direct observations as well as limitations of climate and ice shelf models prevent a precise assessment on how the ocean forcing affects the fluctuations of a grounded and floating ice cap. Here we show that a +0.3–1.5 °C increase in subsurface ocean temperature (50–400 m) in the northeastern Antarctic Peninsula has driven to major collapse and recession of the regional ice shelf during both the instrumental period and the last 9000 years. Our projections following the representative concentration pathway 8.5 emission scenario from the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reveal a +0.3 °C subsurface ocean temperature warming within the coming decades that will undoubtedly accelerate ice shelf melting, including the southernmost sector of the eastern Antarctic Peninsula., J.E. and C.E. are financially supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (CTM2014–60451-C2–1-P) co-funded by the European Union through FEDER funds. J.-H.K. was supported by the grants funded by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI, NRF-2015M1A5A1037243 and PE19010). S.S. and J.S.S.D. are supported by the Netherlands Earth System Science Center funded by the Dutch Ministry of Education and Science (OCW). G.S. and D.S. were funded by the EMBRACE project (European Union’s FP7, Grant Number: 282672). We also acknowledge funding from the French ANR CLIMICE, ERC ICEPROXY 203441, ESF PolarClimate, HOLOCLIP 625 and FP7 Past4Future as well as the Netherlands Organisation of Scientific Research (NWO) through a VICI grant to S.S. The HOLOCLIP Project, a joint research project of ESF PolarCLIMATE programme, is funded by national contributions from Italy, France, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium and the United Kingdom. The research leading to these results has also received support from the European Union’s Seventh Framework programme (FP7/2007–2013) under Grant Agreement No. 243908, “Past4Future, Climate change – Learning from the past climate”. This is HOLOCLIP Contribution No. 32. We also thank J. Giraudeau for his constructive suggestions on the manuscript.
Published: 2019
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34. Impact of water vapor diffusion and latent heat on the effective thermal conductivity of snow

Author: K. Fourteau, F. Domine, P. Hagenmuller, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory (IRL3376), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), ANR-16-CE01-0006,EBONI,Dépot, devenir et impact des impuretés absorbantes dans le manteau neigeux(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Météo France-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ( IRL3376)
Subjects: Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, Thermal conductivity, Latent heat, GE1-350, 020701 environmental engineering, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, QE1-996.5, Ice crystals, Geology, Mechanics, Snow, Thermal conduction, Environmental sciences, Temperature gradient, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Sublimation (phase transition), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Water vapor
Abstract: Heat transport in snowpacks is understood to occur through the two processes of heat conduction and latent heat transport carried by water vapor, which are generally treated as decoupled from one another. This paper investigates the coupling between both these processes in snow, with an emphasis on the impacts of the kinetics of the sublimation and deposition of water vapor onto ice. In the case when kinetics is fast, latent heat exchanges at ice surfaces modify their temperature and therefore the thermal gradient within ice crystals and the heat conduction through the entire microstructure. Furthermore, in this case, the effective thermal conductivity of snow can be expressed by a purely conductive term complemented by a term directly proportional to the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor in snow, which illustrates the inextricable coupling between heat conduction and water vapor transport. Numerical simulations on measured three-dimensional snow microstructures reveal that the effective thermal conductivity of snow can be significantly larger, by up to about 50 % for low-density snow, than if water vapor transport is neglected. A comparison of our numerical simulations with literature data suggests that the fast kinetics hypothesis could be a reasonable assumption for modeling heat and mass transport in snow. Lastly, we demonstrate that under the fast kinetics hypothesis the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor is related to the effective thermal conductivity by a simple linear relationship. Under such a condition, the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor is expected to lie in the narrow 100 % to about 80 % range of the value of the diffusion coefficient of water vapor in air for most seasonal snows. This may greatly facilitate the parameterization of water vapor diffusion of snow in models.
Published: 2021
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35. An estimation of the quantitative impacts of copepod grazing on an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom in western Baffin Bay, Canadian Arctic

Author: Yoshiyuki Abe, Patrick Raimbault, Kohei Matsuno, Bernard Quéguiner, Marcel Babin, Toru Hirawake, Makoto Sampei, Louis Fortier, Augustin Lafond, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Fisheries Sciences [Hakodate], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, geography, Environmental Engineering, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Algal bloom, Arctic, Spring (hydrology), Grazing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sea ice, Environmental science, Bay, Copepod, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed to quantify the impact of copepod grazing on the productivity of phytoplankton during an under sea-ice spring phytoplankton bloom (USPB) in western Baffin Bay. To quantify positive and/or negative impacts of copepod grazing on primary production and the interaction between copepod grazing and phytoplankton species, we sampled seawater and zooplankton under the landfast sea ice every 2–3 days between May 24 and July 10, 2016. Samples were analyzed for estimation of primary production, chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration, diatom abundance, and copepod fecal pellet (FP) production/grazing rate. Analyses of chl-a concentration, primary production, and FP production/grazing rate revealed clear temporal changes and a mismatch between primary production and copepod consumption. The FP production/grazing rate reached a maximum (9.4/31.2 mg C m–2 d–1) on June 16 before the USPB phase and suddenly decreased to 0.7/2.4 mg C m–2 d–1 on June 21, despite an increase in primary production to 74.0 mg C m–2 d–1. The copepod grazing rate (3.7 mg C m–2 d–1) was low relative to primary production (344.6 mg C m–2 d–1) during the USPB phase (after June 20). While our estimates illustrate that copepod grazing did not limit the maximum daily primary production during the USPB, the low grazing pressure (2% of primary production) may have been an additional contributor to the reduction in total primary productivity at the end of the USPB period due primarily to the low supply of regenerated nitrogen-containing nutrients to drive regenerated production.
Published: 2021
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36. The Three‐Dimensional Light Field Within Sea Ice Ridges

Author: Simon Thibault, Quentin Hisette, Jean-Philippe Langelier, Félix Lévesque-Desrosiers, Simon Lambert-Girard, Marcel Babin, Christian Katlein, Benjamin Lange, Alexandre Ouellet, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Paleontology, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Ridge, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sea ice, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Geology, Light field, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Sea ice pressure ridges have been recognized as important locations for both physical and biological processes. Thus, understanding the associated light-field is crucial, but their complex structure and internal geometry render them hard to study by field methods. To calculate the in- and under-ridge light field, we combined output from an ice mechanical model with a Monte-Carlo ray tracing simulation. This results in realistic light fields showing that light levels within the ridge itself are significantly higher than under the surrounding level ice. Light guided through ridge cavities and scattering in between ridge blocks also results in a more isotropic ridge-internal light field. While the true variability of light transmittance through a ridge can only be represented in ray tracing models, we show that simple parameterizations based on ice thickness and macro-porosity allow accurate estimation of mean light levels available for photosynthesis underneath ridges in field studies and large-scale models.
Published: 2021
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37. Stabilization of Fragmental Polystyrene Nanoplastic by Natural Organic Matter: Insight into Mechanisms

Author: Cloé Veclin, Alice Pradel, Bruno Grassl, Séléna Ferreres, Julien Gigault, Hind El Hadri, Maud Gautier, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)
Subjects: Morphology, Environmental fate, plastic debris, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid, Aggregation, Dynamic light scattering, Ionic strength, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Humic acid, Organic matter, Static light scattering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, Chemistry (miscellaneous), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Polystyrene, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The increasing amount of plastic debris in the environment and its disintegration into submicrometric particles are cause for concern. Due to the colloidal nature of nanoplastics, their environmental fate should be investigated separately from that of microplastics. Abiotic factors greatly influence the stability of nanoplastics. This will affect their residence time in the hydrosphere. Therefore, we investigated the behavior of two different nanoplastic models (with different sizes and shapes) with regard to ionic strength, pH, and varying concentrations of two types of natural organic matter: humic acid and sodium alginate. The results demonstrate that both types of natural organic matter enhanced the aqueous stability of nanoplastics over time at high ionic strengths. Depending on the organic matter’s nature, different stabilizing mechanisms were revealed using dynamic light scattering and asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation coupled to static light scattering. Humic acid provides electrostatic repulsion between particles, and some larger humic acid molecules provide steric hindrance. Sodium alginate sorbs onto and bridges separate particles and small aggregates of nanoplastics. The covered particles are stabilized by steric hindrance. The results highlight the importance of considering the properties of types of natural organic matter when assessing the behavior of nanoplastics in the environment.
Published: 2021
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38. Holocene polynya dynamics and their interaction with oceanic heat transport in northernmost Baffin Bay

Author: Guillaume Massé, Steffen M. Olsen, Rebecca Jackson, Petra Tallberg, Lukas Wacker, Audrey Limoges, Eleanor Georgiadis, Thorbjørn Joest Andersen, Sofia Ribeiro, Anna Bang Kvorning, Jacques Giraudeau, Naja Mikkelsen, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Biosciences, Marine Ecosystems Research Group, Department of Glaciology and Climate, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Brunswick, University of New Brunswick (UNB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ion Beam Physics [ETH Zürich], and Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)
Subjects: SHELF, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Science, Palaeoclimate, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Article, Palaeoceanography, PALAEO SEA-ICE, STORFJORDEN, 14. Life underwater, NORTH WATER POLYNYA, ASSEMBLAGES, Roman Warm Period, DEEP-SEA, Holocene, 1172 Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, BENTHONIC FORAMINIFERA, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Sediment, Glacier, GREENLAND, BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Warm water, Medicine, NARES STRAIT, Bay, Geology
Abstract: Baffin Bay hosts the largest and most productive of the Arctic polynyas: the North Water (NOW). Despite its significance and active role in water mass formation, the history of the NOW beyond the observational era remains poorly known. We reconcile the previously unassessed relationship between long-term NOW dynamics and ocean conditions by applying a multiproxy approach to two marine sediment cores from the region that, together, span the Holocene. Declining influence of Atlantic Water in the NOW is coeval with regional records that indicate the inception of a strong and recurrent polynya from ~ 4400 yrs BP, in line with Neoglacial cooling. During warmer Holocene intervals such as the Roman Warm Period, a weaker NOW is evident, and its reduced capacity to influence bottom ocean conditions facilitated northward penetration of Atlantic Water. Future warming in the Arctic may have negative consequences for this vital biological oasis, with the potential knock-on effect of warm water penetration further north and intensified melt of the marine-terminating glaciers that flank the coast of northwest Greenland.
Published: 2021
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39. The Malina oceanographic expedition: How do changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean?

Author: P. Massicotte, R. M. W. Amon, D. Antoine, P. Archambault, S. Balzano, S. Bélanger, R. Benner, D. Boeuf, A. Bricaud, F. Bruyant, G. Chaillou, M. Chami, B. Charrière, J. Chen, H. Claustre, P. Coupel, N. Delsaut, D. Doxaran, J. Ehn, C. Fichot, M.-H. Forget, P. Fu, J. Gagnon, N. Garcia, B. Gasser, J.-F. Ghiglione, G. Gorsky, M. Gosselin, P. Gourvil, Y. Gratton, P. Guillot, H. J. Heipieper, S. Heussner, S. B. Hooker, Y. Huot, C. Jeanthon, W. Jeffrey, F. Joux, K. Kawamura, B. Lansard, E. Leymarie, H. Link, C. Lovejoy, C. Marec, D. Marie, J. Martin, J. Martín, G. Massé, A. Matsuoka, V. McKague, A. Mignot, W. L. Miller, J.-C. Miquel, A. Mucci, K. Ono, E. Ortega-Retuerta, C. Panagiotopoulos, T. Papakyriakou, M. Picheral, L. Prieur, P. Raimbault, J. Ras, R. A. Reynolds, A. Rochon, J.-F. Rontani, C. Schmechtig, S. Schmidt, R. Sempéré, Y. Shen, G. Song, D. Stramski, E. Tachibana, A. Thirouard, I. Tolosa, J.-É. Tremblay, M. Vaïtilingom, D. Vaulot, F. Vaultier, J. K. Volkman, H. Xie, G. Zheng, M. Babin, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine and Coastal Environmental Science [Galveston], Texas A&M University [Galveston], Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], School of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Perth], Curtin University [Perth], Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC)-Planning and Transport Research Centre (PATREC), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Departement de Biologie, Chimie et Géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment [Columbia] (SEOE), University of South Carolina [Columbia], Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), TROPO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Centre de Formation et de Recherche sur les Environnements Méditérranéens (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry [Guiyang] (SKLEG), Institute of Geochemistry [Guiyang], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS)-Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Department of Earth and Environment [Boston], Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institute of Surface-Earth System Science of Tianjin University, Tianjin University (TJU), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement [Québec] (INRS - ETE), Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique [Québec] (INRS), Department of Environmental Biotechnology [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), GSFC Ocean Ecology Laborator, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Département de géomatique appliquée [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation, University of west Florida, Chubu Institute for Advanced Studies (CIAS), Chubu University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Maritime Systems [Rostock], Universität Rostock, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station de Biologie Marine de Concarneau, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Center for Marine and Environmental Studies (CMES), University of the Virgin Islands (UVI), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Department of Marine Sciences [Athens], University of Georgia [USA], International Atomic Energy Agency - Environment Laboratories Monaco (IAEA-EL), Centre de recherche sur la dynamique du système Terre (GEOTOP), Université de Montréal (UdeM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Marine Physical Laboratory (MPL), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra (ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, School of Marine Science and Technology [Tianjin], Department of Physics [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies (LARGE), Université des Antilles (UA), Asian School of the Environment (ASE), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), CSIRO Wealth from Oceans National Research Flagship, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Department of Earth Sciences [Amsterdam], VU University Amsterdam, NOAA Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR), NOAA National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Earth Science System Interdisciplinary Center [College Park] (ESSIC), College of Computer, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences [College Park], University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System-University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Fédération de recherche de Roscoff (FR2424), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Center for Environmental Diagnostics and Bioremediation [Pensacola] (UWF | CEDB), University of West Florida [Pensacola] (UWF), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas [Ushuaia] (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Antártida e islas del Atlántico Sur (UNTDF), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), École Polytechnique de Montréal (EPM)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (OSU ECCE TERRA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Géosciences et Energies [UR2_1] (LARGE), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), ANR-08-BLAN-0308,Malina,How changes in ice cover, permafrost and UV radiation impact on biodiversity and biogeochemical fluxes in the Arctic Ocean(2008), European Project: 0713915(2007), European Project: 1504137(2015), European Project: 0229302(2002), European Project: 0425582(2004), European Project: 0713991(2007), Asian School of the Environment, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Observatoire des sciences de l'univers Ecce Terra [Paris] (ECCE TERRA), and Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, Temperature Rise, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, BEAUFORT SEA, Ice field, SEA ICE, Geology [Science], Permafrost, 01 natural sciences, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5 [https], Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, Transect, lcsh:Environmental sciences, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, ARCTIC OCEAN, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Permafrost Thawing, Pelagic zone, Estuary, lcsh:Geology, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, MALINA
Abstract: The MALINA oceanographic campaign was conducted during summer 2009 to investigate the carbon stocks and the processes controlling the carbon fluxes in the Mackenzie River estuary and the Beaufort Sea. During the campaign, an extensive suite of physical, chemical and biological variables were measured across seven shelf basin transects (south north) to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. Key variables such as temperature, absolute salinity, radiance, irradiance, nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll a concentration, bacteria, phytoplankton and zooplankton abundance and taxonomy, and carbon stocks and fluxes were routinely measured onboard the Canadian research icebreaker CCGS Amundsen and from a barge in shallow coastal areas or for sampling within broken ice fields. Here, we present the results of a joint effort to compile and standardize the collected data sets that will facilitate their reuse in further studies of the changing Arctic Ocean. Fil: Massicotte, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Amon, Rainer. Texas A&M University; Estados Unidos Fil: Antoine, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Archambault, Philippe. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Balzano, Sergio. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bélanger, Simon. Université du Québec a Montreal; Canadá Fil: Benner, Ronald. University Of South Carolina; Estados Unidos Fil: Boeuf, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bricaud, Annick. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Bruyant, Flavienne. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Chaillou, Gwenaelle. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Chami, Malik. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Charrière, Bruno. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Chen, Jing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Claustre, Herve. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Coupel, Pierre. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Delsaut, Nicole. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Doxaran, David. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Ehn, Jens. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Fichot, Cedric. Boston University; Estados Unidos Fil: Forget, Marie Helene. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Fu, Pingqing. Tianjin University; China Fil: Gagnon, Jonathan. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Garcia, Nicole. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Gasser, Beat. No especifíca; Fil: Ghiglione, Jean Francois. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gorsky, Gaby. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gosselin, Michel. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Gourvil, Priscillia. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Gratton, Yves. Centre Eau Terre Environnement; Canadá Fil: Guillot, Pascal. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Heipieper, Hermann. Helmholtz Zentrum Für Umweltforschung; Alemania Fil: Heussner, Serge. Universite de Perpignan; Francia Fil: Hooker, Stanford. Nasa Goddard Space Flight Center; Estados Unidos Fil: Huot, Yannick. University of Sherbrooke; Canadá Fil: Jeanthon, Christian. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Jeffrey, Wade. University Of West Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Joux, Fabien. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Kawamura, Kimitaka. Chubu University; Japón Fil: Lansard, Bruno. No especifíca; Fil: Leymarie, Edouard. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Link, Heike. Universität Rostock; Alemania Fil: Lovejoy, Connie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Marec, Claudie. Laval University; Canadá. Universite de Bretagne Occidentale; Francia Fil: Marie, Dominique. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Martin, Johannie. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Martín de Nascimento, Jacobo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina Fil: Massé, Guillaume. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Matsuoka, Atsushi. Laval University; Canadá Fil: McKague, Vanessa. University of Virginia; Estados Unidos Fil: Mignot, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Miller, William. University of Georgia; Estados Unidos Fil: Miquel, Juan Carlos. No especifíca; Fil: Mucci, Alfonso. McGill University; Canadá Fil: Ono, Kaori. No especifíca; Fil: Ortega-Retuerta, Eva. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Panagiotopoulos, Christos. Aix Marseille Université Marsella.; Francia Fil: Papakyriakou, Tim. University of Manitoba; Canadá Fil: Picheral, Marc. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Prieur, Louis. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Raimbault, Patrick. No especifíca; Fil: Ras, Josephine. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Reynolds, Rick. Marine Physical Laboratory; Estados Unidos Fil: Rochon, Andre. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Rontani, Jean Francois. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Schmechtig, Catherine. Observatoire Des Sciences de L'univers; Francia Fil: Schmidt, Sabine. No especifíca; Fil: Sempéré, Richard. Aix Marseille Université,Marsella.; Francia Fil: Shen, Yuan. No especifíca; Fil: Song, Guisheng. Tianjin University; China Fil: Stramski, Dariusz. Marine Physical Laboratory; Francia Fil: Tachibana, Eri. Hokkaido University; Japón Fil: Thirouard, Alexandre. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Tolosa, Imma. No especifíca; Fil: Tremblay, Jean Eric. Laval University; Canadá Fil: Vaïtilingom, Mickael. Université Des Antilles; Francia Fil: Vaulot, Daniel. Université Pierre et Marie Curie; Francia Fil: Vaultier, Frederic. Aix Marseille Université; Francia Fil: Volkman, John. Csiro Marine And Atmospheric Research; Australia Fil: Xie, Huixiang. Institut Des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski; Canadá Fil: Zheng, Guangming. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Babin, Marcel. Laval University; Canadá
Published: 2021
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40. Deep Chlorophyll Maxima in the Global Ocean: Occurrences, Drivers and Characteristics

Author: Léo Lacour, Alexandre Mignot, M. Cornec, Antoine Poteau, Fabrizio D'Ortenzio, Lionel Guidi, Hervé Claustre, Catherine Schmechtig, Bernard Gentili, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mercator Océan, Société Civile CNRS Ifremer IRD Météo-France SHOM, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Chlorophyll a, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, irradiance, Stratification (water), 01 natural sciences, nitracline, chemistry.chemical_compound, stratification, Phytoplankton, Argo floats, BGC&#8208, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, open ocean, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), Deep chlorophyll maximum, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, deep chlorophyll maximum, particle backscattering, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Ocean color, Chlorophyll, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; Stratified oceanic systems are characterized by the presence of a so-called Deep Chlorophyll a Maximum (DCM) not detectable by ocean color satellites. A DCM can either be a phytoplankton (carbon) biomass maximum (Deep Biomass Maximum, DBM), or the consequence of photoacclimation processes (Deep photoAcclimation Maximum, DAM) resulting in the increase of chlorophyll a per phytoplankton carbon. Even though these DCM (further qualified as either DBMs or DAMs) have long been studied, no global-scale assessment has yet been undertaken and large knowledge gaps still remain in relation to the environmental drivers responsible for their formation and maintenance. In order to investigate their spatial and temporal variability in the open ocean, we use a global data set acquired by more than 500 Biogeochemical-Argo floats given that DCMs can be detected from the comparative vertical distribution of chlorophyll a concentrations and particulate backscattering coefficients. Our findings show that the seasonal dynamics of the DCMs are clearly region-dependent. High-latitude environments are characterized by a low occurrence of intense DBMs, restricted to summer. Meanwhile, oligotrophic regions host permanent DAMs, occasionally replaced by DBMs in summer, while subequatorial waters are characterized by permanent DBMs benefiting from favorable conditions in terms of both light and nutrients. Overall, the appearance and depth of DCMs are primarily driven by light attenuation in the upper layer. Our present assessment of DCM occurrence and of environmental conditions prevailing in their development lay the basis for a better understanding and quantification of their role in carbon budgets (primary production and export).
Published: 2021
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41. Trait‐based approach using in situ copepod images reveals contrasting ecological patterns across an Arctic ice melt zone

Author: Marc Picheral, Jean-Olivier Irisson, Frédéric Maps, Cyril Aubry, Sakina-Dorothée Ayata, Marcel Babin, Laure Vilgrain, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, In situ, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, biology, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trait based, fungi, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, Arctic ice pack, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Copepod, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Imaging techniques are increasingly used in ecology studies, producing vast quantities of data. Inferring functional traits from individual images can provide original insights on ecosystem processes. Morphological traits are, as other functional traits, individual characteristics influencing an organism's fitness. We measured them from in situ image data to study an Arctic zooplankton community during sea ice break‐up. Morphological descriptors (e.g., area, lightness, complexity) were automatically measured on ∼ 28,000 individual copepod images from a high‐resolution underwater camera deployed at more than 150 sampling sites across the ice‐edge. A statistically‐defined morphological space allowed synthesizing morphological information into interpretable and continuous traits (size, opacity, and appendages visibility). This novel approach provides theoretical and methodological advantages because it gives access to both inter‐ and intra‐specific variability by automatically analyzing a large dataset of individual images. The spatial distribution of morphological traits revealed that large copepods are associated with ice‐covered waters, while open waters host smaller individuals. In those ice‐free waters, copepods also seem to feed more actively, as suggested by the increased visibility of their appendages. These traits distributions are likely explained by bottom‐up control: high phytoplankton concentrations in the well‐lit open waters encourages individuals to actively feed and stimulates the development of small copepod stages. Furthermore, copepods located at the ice edge were opaquer, presumably because of full guts or an increase in red pigmentation. Our morphological trait‐based approach revealed ecological patterns that would have been inaccessible otherwise, including color and posture variations of copepods associated with ice‐edge environments in Arctic ecosystems.
Published: 2021
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42. Metals in microplastics: determining which are additive, adsorbed, and bioavailable

Author: Charlotte Catrouillet, Mélanie Davranche, Corentin Fauny, Imane Khatib, Julien Gigault, Aurélie Wahl, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Bretagne (SAD-Attractivité)), ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), ANR-19-CE04-0007,PLASTI-SCARE,Nanoplastiques : super-concentrateurs de polluants ?(2019), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microplastics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Medicine, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Bioavailability, Adsorption, Metals, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental chemistry, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, %22">Fish , 14. Life underwater, Leaching (metallurgy), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Plastics, Environmental Monitoring, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Microplastics from the North Atlantic Gyre deposited on Guadeloupe beaches were sampled and characterized. A new method is developed to identify which elements were present as additives in these microplastics. The method used both acidic leaching and acidic digestion. Several elements (Al, Zn, Ba, Cu, Pb, Cd, Mn, Cr) were identified as pigments. Furthermore, some elements used as additives to plastics (especially the non-essential elements) seem to contribute to most of the acidic leaching, suggesting that these additives can leach and adsorb onto the surface microplastics, becoming bioavailable. Based on the acidic leaching element content, only Cd should represent a danger for fish when ingested. However, further studies are needed to determine the potential synergetic effect on health caused by the ingestion of several elements and microplastics.
Published: 2021
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43. Environmental Fate Modeling of Nanoplastics in a Salinity Gradient Using a Lab-on-a-Chip: Where Does the Nanoscale Fraction of Plastic Debris Accumulate?

Author: Zélie Venel, Pierre-Yves Pascal, Hind El Hadri, Magalie Baudrimont, Hervé Tabuteau, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Alice Pradel, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution Paris Seine, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-17-CE34-0008, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Salinity, Diffusion, Microplastics, Flow (psychology), microfluidics, Soil science, Fraction (chemistry), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, environmental, law.invention, law, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Lab-On-A-Chip Devices, Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, Nanoscopic scale, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], aggregation, General Chemistry, Lab-on-a-chip, Debris, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Nanoplastics, Mangrove, Estuaries, Plastics, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study is to demonstrate how the flow and diffusion of nanoplastics through a salinity gradient (SG), as observed in mangrove swamps (MSPs), influence their aggregation pathways. These two parameters have never yet been used to evaluate the fate and behavior of colloids in the environment, since they cannot be incorporated into classical experimental setups. Land-sea continuums, such as estuaries and MSP systems, are known to be environmentally reactive interfaces that influence the colloidal distribution of pollutants. Using a microfluidic approach to reproduce the SG and its dynamics, the results show that nanoplastics arriving in a MSP are fractionated. First, a substantial fraction rapidly aggregates to reach the microscale, principally governed by an orthokinetic aggregation process and diffusiophoresis drift. These large nanoplastic aggregates eventually float near the water's surface or settle into the sediment at the bottom of the MSP, depending on their density. The second, smaller fraction remains stable and is transported toward the saline environment. This distribution results from the combined action of the spatial salt concentration gradient and orthokinetic aggregation, which is largely underestimated in the literature. Due to nanoplastics' reactive behavior, the present work demonstrates that mangrove and estuarine systems need to be better examined regarding plastic pollution.
Published: 2021
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44. A Multi-Sensor and Modeling Approach for Mapping Light Under Sea Ice During the Ice-Growth Season

Author: Julienne Stroeve, Martin Vancoppenolle, Gaelle Veyssiere, Marion Lebrun, Giulia Castellani, Marcel Babin, Michael Karcher, Jack Landy, Glen E. Liston, Jeremy Wilkinson, National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), University of Colorado [Boulder], Department of Earth Sciences [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean (NEMO R&D ), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), University of Bristol [Bristol], Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPC), School of Geographical Sciences [Bristol], and Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA)
Subjects: lcsh:QH1-199.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ocean Engineering, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Arctic, Sea ice, Marine ecosystem, marine ecosystems, lcsh:Science, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, under-ice light, geography, Global and Planetary Change, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010505 oceanography, Lead (sea ice), Snow, Arctic ice pack, ocean primary productivity, sea ice, 13. Climate action, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sea ice thickness, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Spatial variability
Abstract: International audience; Arctic sea ice is shifting from a year-round to a seasonal sea ice cover. This substantial transformation, via a reduction in Arctic sea ice extent and a thinning of its thickness, influences the amount of light entering the upper ocean. This in turn impacts under-ice algal growth and associated ecosystem dynamics. Field campaigns have provided valuable insights as to how snow and ice properties impact light penetration at fixed locations in the Arctic, but to understand the spatial variability in the under-ice light field there is a need to scale up to the pan-Arctic level. Combining information from satellites with state-of-the-art parameterizations is one means to achieve this. This study combines satellite and modeled data products to map under-ice light on a monthly time-scale from 2011 through 2018. Key limitations pertain to the availability of satellite-derived sea ice thickness, which for radar altimetry, is only available during the sea ice growth season. We clearly show that year-to-year variability in snow depth, along with the fraction of thin ice, plays a key role in how much light enters the Arctic Ocean. This is particularly significant in April, which in some regions, coincides with the beginning of the under-ice algal bloom, whereas we find that ice thickness is the main driver of under-ice light availability at the end of the melt season in October. The extension to the melt season due to a warmer Arctic means that snow accumulation has reduced, which is leading to positive trends in light transmission through snow. This, combined with a thinner ice cover, should lead to increased under-ice PAR also in the summer months.
Published: 2021
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45. Macroscopic water vapor diffusion is not enhanced in snow

Author: K. Fourteau, F. Domine, P. Hagenmuller, Centre national de recherches météorologiques (CNRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: lcsh:GE1-350, Sticking coefficient, Molecular diffusion, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Energy balance, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Microstructure, Snow, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Geophysics, lcsh:Geology, Chemical physics, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Effective diffusion coefficient, Sublimation (phase transition), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Water vapor, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Water vapor transport in dry snowpacks plays a significant role for snow metamorphism and the mass and energy balance of snowpacks. The molecular diffusion of water vapor in the interstitial pores is usually considered as the main or only transport mechanism, and current detailed snow physics models therefore rely on the knowledge of the effective diffusion coefficient of water vapor in snow. Numerous previous studies have concluded that water vapor diffusion in snow is enhanced relative to that in air. Various field observations also indicate that for vapor transport in snow to be explained by diffusion alone, the effective diffusion coefficient should be larger than that in air. Here we show using theory and numerical simulations on idealized and measured snow microstructures that, although sublimation and condensation of water vapor onto snow crystal surfaces do enhance microscopic diffusion in the pore space, this effect is more than countered by the restriction of diffusion space due to ice. The interaction of water vapor with the ice results in water vapor diffusing more than inert molecules in snow, but still less than in free air, regardless of the value of the accommodation coefficient of water on ice. Our results imply that processes other than diffusion, probably convection, play a preponderant role in water vapor transport in dry snowpacks.
Published: 2021
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46. Meteorological, snow and soil data (2013–2019) from a herb tundra permafrost site at Bylot Island, Canadian high Arctic, for driving and testing snow and land surface models

Author: F. Domine, G. Lackner, D. Sarrazin, M. Poirier, M. Belke-Brea, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: QE1-996.5, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, Longwave, Biosphere, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, Snow, Permafrost, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Tundra, Environmental sciences, Arctic, Downwelling, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, GE1-350, Precipitation, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Seasonal snow covers Arctic lands 6 to 10 months of the year and is therefore an essential element of the Arctic geosphere and biosphere. Yet, even the most sophisticated snow physics models are not able to simulate fundamental physical properties of Arctic snowpacks such as density, thermal conductivity and specific surface area. The development of improved snow models is in progress, but testing requires detailed driving and validation data for high Arctic herb tundra sites, which are presently not available. We present 6 years of such data for an ice-wedge polygonal site in the Canadian high Arctic, in Qarlikturvik valley on Bylot Island at 73.15∘ N. The site is on herb tundra with no erect vegetation and thick permafrost. Detailed soil properties are provided. Driving data are comprised of air temperature, air relative and specific humidity, wind speed, shortwave and longwave downwelling radiation, atmospheric pressure, and precipitation. Validation data include time series of snow depth, shortwave and longwave upwelling radiation, surface temperature, snow temperature profiles, soil temperature and water content profiles at five depths, snow thermal conductivity at three heights, and soil thermal conductivity at 10 cm depth. Field campaigns in mid-May for 5 of the 6 years of interest provided spatially averaged snow depths and vertical profiles of snow density and specific surface area in the polygon of interest and at other spots in the valley. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.5885/45693CE-02685A5200DD4C38 (Domine et al., 2021). Data files will be updated as more years of data become available.
Published: 2021
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47. Nanoplastics Identification in Complex Environmental Matrices: Strategies for Polystyrene and Polypropylene

Author: Florent Blancho, Mélanie Davranche, Julien Gigault, Bruno Grassl, Hind El Hadri, Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nouvelle-Aquitaine Region (En-Pi project), ANR-17-CE34-0008,PEPSEA,Nanoparticules de plastiques dans l'environnement: source, impact et prédiction(2017), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: complex matrices, Microplastics, 010501 environmental sciences, Polypropylenes, 01 natural sciences, Natural organic matter, Soil, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Humic acid, Organic matter, Humic Substances, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Polypropylene, chemistry.chemical_classification, Complex matrix, Py-GCMS, General Chemistry, OM interference, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Polystyrenes, identification, Polystyrene, Nanoplastics, Pyrolysis, polypropylene
Abstract: International audience; Identification of nanoplastics in complex environmental matrices remains a challenge. Despite the increase in nanoplastics studies, there is a lack of studies dedicated to nanoplastics detection, partially explained by their carbon-based structure, their wide variety of composition, and their low environmental concentrations compared to the natural organic matter. Here, pyrolysis coupled to a GCMS instrumental setup provided a relevant analytical response for polypropylene and polystyrene nanoplastic suspensions. Specific pyrolysis markers and their indicative fragment ions were selected and validated. Possible interferences with environmental matrices were explored by spiking nanoplastics in various organic matter suspensions (i.e., algae, soil natural organic matter, and soil humic acid) and analyzing an environmental suspension of nanoplastics. While a rapid polypropylene nanoplastics identification was validated, polystyrene nanoplastics require preliminary treatment. The strategies presented herein open new possibilities for the detection/identification of nanoplastics in environmental matrices such as soil, dust, and biota.
Published: 2021
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48. Efficiency of sympagic-benthic coupling revealed by analyses of n-3 fatty acids, IP25 and other highly branched isoprenoids in two filter-feeding Arctic benthic molluscs: Mya truncata and Serripes groenlandicus

Author: Philippe Archambault, Guillaume Massé, Rémi Amiraux, Marcel Babin, Laurent Memery, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Brivaëla Moriceau, Mélanie Lemire, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Québec-Océan, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Axe santé des populations et pratiques optimales en santé, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, CHU Québec-CHU Québec-École de psychologie, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Variabilité de l'Océan et de la Glace de mer (VOG), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Takuvik International Research Laboratory, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval (CRCHUQ), CHU de Québec–Université Laval, The first author (RA) received financial support from the Université Bretagne Loire (UBL) 'post-doctoral attractiveness' program and the Sentinel North postdoctoral program of Université Laval, made possible in part by funding from the Canada First Research Excellence Fund. RA also received a postdoctoral grant from the Littoral Research Chair at Université Laval, which is mainly funded by Sentinel North and the Northern Contaminant Program of the Crown and Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. This research was supported by the GreenEdge project, which was funded by the following French and Canadian programs and agencies: ANR (Contract #111112), CNES (project #131425), IPEV (project #1164), CSA, Foundation Total, ArcticNet, LEFE and the French Arctic Initiative (Green Edge project)., ANR-14-CE01-0017,Green Edge,Productivité biologique dans l'Océan Arctique: réponse passée, présente et future aux fluctuations climatiques, et impacts sur les flux de carbone, le réseau trophique et les communautés humaines locales(2014), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mya truncata, HBI, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, IP25 HBI, Fauna, IP25, Zoology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, n-3 PUFA, ice-derived HBI III, Geochemistry and Petrology, Sea ice, Serripes groenlandicus, 14. Life underwater, Cockle, Arctic shelves, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Acl, EPA, biology.organism_classification, DHA, Sympagic-benthic coupling, Diatom, Arctic, Benthic zone, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this work was to determine the impact of sympagic (ice-associated) algal primary production on the quality of Arctic filter-feeding bivalves. For this purpose, we investigated the sea ice production of lipids (including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and highly branched isoprenoids (HBI)), as well as their subsequent incorporation into the truncate softshell clam (Mya truncata) and the Greenland cockle (Serripes groenlandicus), during the melting periods of two consecutive years in Baffin Bay. Lipid and primary production exhibited seasonal variability and overall contrasts between the two years, as a result of distinct physical forcings and the ensuing biological responses. Whilst less productive in terms of total lipids or chlorophyll a, spring 2016 was more productive than spring 2015 for n-3 PUFA, which are essential for benthic fauna. The sea ice diatom HBI biomarker IP25 was quantified in sea ice from both years. Interestingly, such production was preceded by a production of the hitherto ‘pelagic’ biomarker, HBI III, in sea ice. In bivalves, HBI contents and correlations confirmed the tightness of the Arctic sympagic-benthic coupling and highlighted that S. groenlandicus can be used as a sentinel species for assessing the degree of this coupling. The confirmation that bivalves incorporate sea-ice derived HBI III and not only IP25, may introduce uncertainties into the use of some HBI-based indices. Monitoring of the fatty acid contents of bivalves allowed identification of their spawning periods and suggests that M. truncata did not store enough n-3 PUFA to sustain its reproductive effort.
Published: 2021
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49. Environmental vulnerability of the global ocean epipelagic plankton community interactome

Author: Chaffron, Samuel, Delage, Erwan, Budinich, Marko, Vintache, Damien, Henry, Nicolas, Nef, Charlotte, Ardyna, Mathieu, Zayed, Ahmed A., Junger, Pedro C., Galand, Pierre E., Lovejoy, Connie, Murray, Alison E., Sarmento, Hugo, Acinas, Silvia G., Babin, Marcel, Iudicone, Daniele, Jaillon, Olivier, Karsenti, Eric, Wincker, Patrick, Karp-Boss, Lee, Sullivan, Matthew B., Bowler, Chris, de Vargas, Colomban, Eveillard, Damien, Galand, Pierre, Biotech - Bioressources - Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques - - OCEANOMICS2011 - ANR-11-BTBR-0008 - BTBR - VALID, Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique - - France-Génomique2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0009 - INBS - VALID, Memory in living systems: an integrated approach - - MEMOLIFE2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0054 - LABX - VALID, INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE - - Amidex2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0001 - IDEX - VALID, Laboratoire des Sciences du Numérique de Nantes (LS2N), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes [Québec] (IBIS), Division of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences (DEES), Desert Research Institute (DRI), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-BTBR-0008,OCEANOMICS,Biotechnologies et bioressources pour la valorisation des écosystèmes marins planctoniques(2011), ANR-10-INBS-0009,France-Génomique,Organisation et montée en puissance d'une Infrastructure Nationale de Génomique(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0054,MEMOLIFE,Memory in living systems: an integrated approach(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Nantes (UN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Microbiology [Columbus], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), University of Maine, Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 862923,AtlantECO, European Project: 835067,DIATOMIC, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR)
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, changement climatique, Ecology, Systems Biology, fungi, SciAdv r-articles, réseau écologique, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], plancton océanique, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Bio-informatique, sense organs, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Research Articles, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Research Article, modélisation
Abstract: A global photic-ocean plankton ecological network predicts distinct vulnerabilities to environmental change across marine biomes., Marine plankton form complex communities of interacting organisms at the base of the food web, which sustain oceanic biogeochemical cycles and help regulate climate. Although global surveys are starting to reveal ecological drivers underlying planktonic community structure and predicted climate change responses, it is unclear how community-scale species interactions will be affected by climate change. Here, we leveraged Tara Oceans sampling to infer a global ocean cross-domain plankton co-occurrence network—the community interactome—and used niche modeling to assess its vulnerabilities to environmental change. Globally, this revealed a plankton interactome self-organized latitudinally into marine biomes (Trades, Westerlies, Polar) and more connected poleward. Integrated niche modeling revealed biome-specific community interactome responses to environmental change and forecasted the most affected lineages for each community. These results provide baseline approaches to assess community structure and organismal interactions under climate scenarios while identifying plausible plankton bioindicators for ocean monitoring of climate change.
Published: 2021
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50. New northern snowpack classification linked to vegetation cover on a latitudinal mega-transect across northeastern Canada

Author: Alexandre Langlois, Alain Royer, Florent Domine, Nicolas Marchand, Alexandre Roy, Gautier Davesne, Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nordiques (CEN), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), and Université de Montréal (UdeM)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0207 environmental engineering, propriétés de la neige, Climate change, 02 engineering and technology, Mega, snow cover classification, 01 natural sciences, Vegetation cover, interactions neigevégétation, Duration (project management), skin and connective tissue diseases, 020701 environmental engineering, Transect, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, snow-vegetation interaction, classification de la couverture de neige, 15. Life on land, Snowpack, snowpack properties, Snow, Latitudinal gradient, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, sense organs, Physical geography, Gradient latitudinal, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Changes in mass, extent, duration, and physical properties of snow are key elements for studying associated climate change feedbacks in northern regions. In this study, we analyzed snowpack physical properties along a 'mega' transect from 47°N to 83°N (4,000 km) in northeastern Canada, which includes marked transitions between ecozones from boreal forest to subarctic and arctic ecosystems. Our unique dataset of 391 detailed snowpits acquired over the last 20 years, complemented with snow data from weather stations, shows that snowpack properties such as snow water equivalent, snow depth, density, grain size and basal depth hoar fraction (DHF) are strongly linked to vegetation type. Based on these results, we propose an updated classification of snow types in three classes: boreal forest snow (47-58°N), tundra snow (58-74°N) and polar desert snow (74-83°N), which is more appropriate to the study area than the general north hemisphere classification commonly used. We also show that shrub presence along the transect contributes to a significant increase in DHF development which contributes most strongly to the thermal insulation properties of the snowpack. Overall, our analysis suggests that snow-vegetation interactions have a positive feedback effect on warming at northern latitudes.; Les changements dans la masse, l’étendue, la durée et les propriétés physiques du manteau neigeux sont des éléments clés pour l’étude des rétroactions du changement climatique dans les environnements nordiques. Dans cette étude, nous avons analysé les propriétés physiques du couvert nival le long d’un « méga » transect de 47°N à 83°N (4000 km) dans le nord-est du Canada, comprenant des transitions marquées entre l’écozone de la forêt boréale et les écosystèmes subarctiques et arctiques. Notre ensemble de données uniques de 391 puits de neige détaillés, acquis au cours des 20 dernières années, enrichi de données de neige provenant de stations météorologiques, montre que les propriétés du manteau neigeux telles que l’équivalent en eau de la neige (EEN), l’épaisseur de la neige, la densité, la taille des grains et la fraction de la couche de givre de profondeur sont fortement liées aux types de végétation. Ces résultats nous mènent à proposer une classification actualisée des types de neige en trois classes: neige de forêt boréale (47–58°N), neige de toundra (58–74°N) et neige de désert polaire (74–83°N), qui est plus appropriée à la région étudiée que la classification globalé de l’hémisphère nord généralement utiliséé. Nous mettons égalémént en évidence que la présence d’arbustes le long du transect contribue à une augmentation significative du développement de la couche basale du givre de profondeur. Globalement, notre analyse suggère que les interactions neige-végétation rétroagissent positivement sur le réchauffement nordique
Published: 2021
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