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154 results on '"Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

1. reservation of the isotope signatures in chondritic IOM during aqueous alteration

Author: Laurent, B., Remusat, L., Viennet, J.-C., Brunetto, R., Binet, L., Holin, M., Ciocco, M., Bouvier, C., Brunelle, A., Bernard, S., Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research On Carbon-rich Key Samples [IMPMC] (IMPMC_ROCKS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Conseil européen de la recherche via le projet ERC HYDROMA (accord de subvention n° 819587)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental Chemistry, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Mighei-type carbonaceous chondrites (CM) figure among the most primitive objects in the solar system. Yet, they all have experienced various degrees of aqueous alteration having modified their insoluble organic matter (IOM), in a sequence that remains to be accurately constrained. Here, we exposed the IOM of Paris, the least altered CM available, to hydrothermal conditions at 150 °C for 49 days and compared the experimental residue to the IOM of two altered CMs likely originating from the same parent body as Paris, namely Aguas Zarcas and Mukundpura. The experimental residue shows a chemical and isotopic composition similar to those of Aguas Zarcas and Mukundpura IOMs, confirming that these CMs can be seen as altered counterparts of Paris. The abundance of organic radicals also increases significantly during the experiment. Isotopic hotspots do not seem to have been lost during the experiment, suggesting that the hotspots generally observed within the CM IOMs may date back from pre-accretion era. Of note, the Raman signature of the residue differs from that of the CM IOMs, highlighting the need for further experiments better mimicking asteroidal-like conditions.
Published: 2022

2. Rheo-SAXS characterization of lead-treated oils: understanding the influence of lead driers on artistic oil paint's flow properties

Author: Lucie Laporte, Guylaine Ducouret, Frédéric Gobeaux, Arnaud Lesaine, Claire Hotton, Thomas Bizien, Laurent Michot, Laurence de Viguerie, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (UMR 7615) (SIMM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Rheo-SAXS (Small Angle X-ray Scattering), Supramolecular organization, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Rheology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Lead-treated oils
Abstract: International audience; From the 15 th century onwards, painters began to treat their oils with lead compounds before grinding them with pigments. Such a treatment induces the partial hydrolysis of the oil triglycerides and the formation of lead soaps, which significantly modify the rheological properties of the oil paint. Organization at the supramolecular scale is thus expected to explain these macroscopic changes. Synchrotron Rheo-SAXS (Small Angle X-Ray Scattering) measurements were carried out on leadtreated oils, with different lead contents. We can now propose a full picture of the relationship between structure and rheological properties of historical saponified oils. At rest, lead soaps in oil are organized as lamellar phases with a characteristic period of 50 Å. Under shear, the loss of viscoelastic properties can be linked to the modification of this organization. Continuous shear resulted in a preferential and reversible orientation of the lamellar domains which increased with the concentration of lead soaps. The parallel orientation predominates over the entire shear range (0-1000 s-1). Conversely, oscillatory shear coiled the lamellae into cylinders that oriented themselves vertically in the rheometer cell. This is the first report of such a vertical cylindrical structure obtained under shear from lamellae.
Published: 2023

3. Stressing the differences in alizarin and purpurin dyes through UV-visible light absorption and 1 H-NMR spectroscopies

Author: Roger-Charles Tissier, Baptiste Rigaud, Pierre Thureau, Miquel Huix-Rotllant, Maguy Jaber, Nicolas Ferré, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire (ICR), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Three anthraquinone-based chromophores (9,10-anthraquinone, alizarin, purpurin) are compared from the point of view of their experimental and computed NMR and UV-visible light absorption spectra. Using an hybrid (explicit/implicit) solvent model, each proton chemical shift can be reproduced with an error less than 7\%, even when such protons are engaged in inter-molecular hydrogen bonds with the solvent or when the analyzed sample contains a significant amount of impurities, for instance 9,10-anthraquinone in purpurin. All the steady-state UV-visible absorption spectra feature a significant vibrational progression in the first absorption band. The shape of the corresponding computed spectra, including vibronic couplings obtained with the Adiabatic Hessian approach and the Franck-Condon and Hertzberg-Teller approximation of the transition dipole, are in excellent agreement with the experimental one. The importance and the nature of the vibronic couplings are different for the three molecules, even if they only differ by the number of hydroxyl groups.
Published: 2022

4. Abiotic formation of organic biomorphs under diagenetic conditions

Author: Sylvain Bernard, Isis Criouet, Maguy Jaber, Jean-Christophe Viennet, Pierre Jacquemot, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Abiotic component, 010506 paleontology, Fossil Record, Chemistry, Archean, Geochemistry, Geology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Diagenesis, Temperature and pressure, Geochemistry and Petrology, Environmental chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Quartz, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The most ancient fossil record contains fundamentally important information on both the diversity and disparity of ancient life. Yet this ancient record is not that easy to decode, due to difficulties mainly pertaining to the impact of the geological history. Thus, the convergence of multiple lines of evidence is seen as necessary to build a robust demonstration of the biogenicity of putative traces of life. Yet, we experimentally show here that abiotic organic cell-like microstructures meeting all the criteria of biogenicity may form in cherts under classical conditions of diagenesis. These organic biomorphs produced from a mixture of RNA and quartz in water exposed to temperature and pressure conditions (200°C, ∼15 bars) exhibit morphological, chemical and isotopic signatures typical of organic microfossils. The results of this study exemplify the pitfalls that Archean palaeontologists may encounter when searching for traces of life in ancient rocks.
Published: 2021

5. Transfer of Epitaxial SrTiO3 Nanothick Layers Using Water-Soluble Sacrificial Perovskite Oxides

Author: Yoan Bourlier, Damien Aureau, Bruno Berini, Arnaud Fouchet, Mathieu Frégnaux, Yves Dumont, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude de la Matière Condensée (GEMAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Lavoisier de Versailles (ILV), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-17-CE08-0012,Polynash,Substrats bas couts polycristallins et Nanofeuillets de germination(2017)
Subjects: Materials science, Silicon, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), water soluble, Epitaxy, 01 natural sciences, SrTiO 3 pseudo-substrate, Monocrystalline silicon, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Thin film, Perovskite (structure), 010302 applied physics, silicon, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, sacrificial layer, chemistry, SrVO 3, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; The integration of functional thin film materials with adapted properties is essential for the development of new paradigms in information technology. Among them, complex oxides with perovskite structures have huge potential based on the particularly large diversity of physical properties. Here we demonstrate the possibility of transferring perovskite oxide materials like SrTiO 3 onto silicon substrate using an environmentally friendly process at nanoscale, by means of a water-soluble perovskite sacrificial layer: SrVO 3. Based on in situ monitoring atomic force microscopy and photoemission studies, we reveal that dissolution is initiated from a strontium rich phase at the extreme surface of SrVO 3. The transferred nanothick SrTiO 3 layer on silicon presents an effective morphology and monocrystalline quality, providing a proof of concept for the integration and development of an all perovskite oxide electronics or "oxitronics" onto any Si-based substrates.
Published: 2020

6. Alexandre Marcel - La Pagode, A Japanese salle de fête (1896) – Archaeologie of an avant-garde building

Author: Cluzel, Jean-Sébastien, Saadoun, Angélique, Kôsuke, Hironaga, Masatsugu, Nishida, Chaumet, Grégory, Brageu, Rémi, Thierry-Mieg, Delphine, Jean-Sébastien Cluzel (dir.), Centre André Chastel : Laboratoire de recherche en histoire de l'art (CAC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Architecture, Urbanisme et Sociétés (AUS), Laboratoire Architecture, Ville, Urbanisme, Environnement (LAVUE), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris Val-de-Seine (ENSA PVDS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris-La Villette (ENSAPLV), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-École nationale supérieure d'architecture de Paris Val-de-Seine (ENSA PVDS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHI]Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management, [SHS.ART] Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.ARCHI] Humanities and Social Sciences/Architecture, space management
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

7. Bonneuil-en-France (95), Aéroport du Bourget, zone nord-ouest. Un village du haut Moyen Âge, une petite exploitation agricole gallo-romaine, une nécropole de la Tène B2-C1 et quelques vestiges protohistoriques diachroniques

Author: Ben Kaddour, Cyrille, Lebrun, Anaïs, Caby, Mathieu, Gérardin, Thomas-Aloïs, Vandecasteele, Guillaume, André, Élise, Bernard, Marion, Boursier, Frédéric, Brenot, Jérôme, Brunet, Vanessa, Chantran, Julien, Clément, Valentin, Corrochano, Alexis, Donnart, Klet, Dréano, Yvon, Dubreucq, Émilie, Dufour, Benjamin, Gallet, Yves, Garnier, Nicolas, Genevey, Agnès, Genies, Chloé, Goslar, Tomasz, Gouzon, Guillaume, Le Bailly, Matthieu, Lepère, Cédric, Léty, Cédric, Macouin, Mélanie, Mauduit, Céline, Noël, Aurore, Picavet, Paul, Robin, Laudine, Roscio, Mafalda, Safa, Étienne, Schmit, David, Toulemonde, Françoise, Tourancheau, Nicolas, Paradis-Grenouillet, Sandrine, EVEHA (Etudes et valorisations archeologiques), Éco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences des Procédés et des Matériaux (LSPM), Institut Galilée-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris), Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Poznań Radiocarbon Laboratory | Poznańskie Laboratorium Radiowęglowe, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Culture et Environnements, Préhistoire, Antiquité, Moyen-Age (CEPAM), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Archéologie et Archéométrie (ArAr), Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Rapport Final d'opération archéologique (fouille préventive), Eveha - Etudes et valorisations archéologiques (Limoges), and Service régional d'archéologie d'Île-de-France
Subjects: Fossés, Silos, Moyen Âge, Sépultures, Enclos (funéraire)?, [SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Époque contemporaine, Néolithique, Paléolithique, Voies, Celliers, Époque moderne, Âge du Bronze, La Tène, Bâtiments sur poteaux plantés, haut Moyen Âge, Antiquité gallo-romaine, Puits, Fours, Fosses, Éveha, Fonds de cabane, Latrines
Abstract: Les fouilles ont eu lieu en 2016-2017 sur une surface de près de 9 hectares. Elles faisaient suite au diagnostic de 2007 (RO : T. Capararro, Inrap) et à une première fouille réalisée en 2010 sur une surface de 1,5 hectares (RO : G. Bruley-Chabot, Inrap). Hormis quelques éléments épars du Paléolithique Moyen au Néolithique, les premières traces d'occupation remontent à l'âge du Bronze final (quelques fosses et un enclos circulaire de plus de 330 m2 ). Le Hallstatt et La Tène A sont représentés par un faible nombre de structure. Une importante nécropole date de La Tène B2-C1. Elle regroupe 42 inhumations et une probable crémation. Si les ossements sont pour la plupart très mal conservés, le mobilier funéraire est particulièrement abondant, avec notamment de multiples éléments d'armement. Quelques silos de grand gabarit sont attribuables à La Tène D. Vers le milieu du Ier siècle ap. J.-C., une exploitation agricole prend place au centre du site. Organisée dans et autour d'un système d'enclos quadrangulaires, elle comporte pour tout bâti conservé une cave et un petit lambeau de mur (fouillés en 2010), quelques trous de poteau (sans restitution possible de plans de bâtiments), quelques structures de combustion, des fosses et un ensemble de six petits celliers non maçonnés. Le site est toujours habité au Bas-Empire. Un véritable village se développe sur la quasi-intégralité de l'emprise du site au tout début de la période mérovingienne (fin Ve -début VIe s.). Celui-ci est constitué d'un ensemble assez rigoureux de parcelles reliées entre elles par des chemins. Dans ces parcelles prennent place de très nombreux fonds de cabane, des fours domestiques et des bâtiments sur poteaux, ainsi que deux puits à eau (autour de 10 m de profondeur). À partir du VIIIe s., le village commence à se contracter vers les axes de communication principaux et des aires d'ensilage sous-terrain se développent (le site comptant au total plus de 900 silos). Ces deux tendances s'accentuent dans les siècles suivants, jusqu'à l'abandon du village à partir de la première moitié du XIe s. Quelques inhumations sont installées à proximité des structures d'habitat et de production mais l'importante nécropole découverte lors de l'opération de diagnostic n'était pas concernée par les opérations de fouille. Il faut noter l'existence d'une étrange structure funéraire datée fin VIIIe -IXe s. : dans un silo, un immature a fait l'objet d'une crémation in situ, puis a été recouvert par le cadavre (non brûlé) d'un autre immature (peut-être mutilé, mais en tous les cas, jeté sans ménagement dans la structure), et par le crâne d'un adulte. Des esquilles osseuses suggèrent la crémation d'au moins quatre autres individus dans cette structure. Le mobilier archéologique, ainsi que les écofacts (ossements animaux et restes carpologiques) sont très abondants et documentent les activités et les productions au sein du village. Ils témoignent plutôt d'une vie laborieuse tournée vers la céréaliculture et les travaux agricoles, avec un niveau social général probablement modeste. Quelques éléments, notamment l'importance du porc (abattu jeune) pour la dernière phase d'occupation, plaident néanmoins pour l'existence d'individus relativement aisés. Plusieurs siècles après l'abandon du village (et probablement le déplacement de la population vers l'actuel centre-bourg de Bonneuil-en-France), vers les XVe -XVIe s., la partie basse du site est exploitée pour l'extraction de calcaire. Les derniers vestiges archéologiques correspondent à des aménagements aéroportuaires datant de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Published: 2022

8. Projet Collectif de Recherche 2021-2024 'La production de la céramique très décorée et de la céramique à inclusions de calcaire coquillier dans le bassin versant de la Moselle entre le début du XIIIe siècle et la fin du XVe siècle', Rapport d’activités 2021

Author: Prouteau, Rachel, Cloarec, Anne, Bocquet-Liénard, Anne, Fronteau, Gilles, Genevey, A., Durey, Véronique, Lansival, Renée, Toussaint, Perrine, Petit, Xavier, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Médiévale et Moderne en Méditerranée (LA3M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAP - LA3M, Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INRAP, LA3M - UMR7298 AMU-CNRS, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Lorraine, Metz, Archéologie, Atelier de potiers, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Moselle, Bas Moyen Âge, France, Céramique, Metz Moselle, Atelier de potier, Lorraine -- France, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2021

9. Archeomagnetic intensity investigations of French medieval ceramic workshops: Contribution to regional field modeling and archeointensity-based dating

Author: S. Regnard, Agnès Genevey, Yves Gallet, Sébastien Jesset, Philip W. Livermore, Annie Lefèvre, N. Mahé-Hourlier, Erwan Thébault, Alexandre Fournier, E. Marot, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of Leeds, Pôle d'Archéologie Ville d'Orléans, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'archéologie préventive de Bourges Plus, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre de Recherches Archéologiques du Vexin Français (CRAVF), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives, Centre archéologique de La Courneuve (Inrap, La Courneuve), and Inrap, Passy - Centre de recherches archéologiques de Passy
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Thermoremanent magnetization, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Posterior probability, Western Europe, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Range (statistics), Medieval period, Radiocarbon dating, Bootstrapping (statistics), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geodesy, Field intensity modeling, Archeointensity dating, Geophysics, Amplitude, Space and Planetary Science, Pottery, Archeointensity, Intensity (heat transfer), Geology
Abstract: International audience; Seven new archeointensity data are obtained through the analysis of groups of pottery and kiln fragments from ceramic workshops unearthed in France, precisely dated from the High Middle Ages. The measurements are carried out using the Triaxe magnetometer, following a dedicated experimental protocol that takes into account the effects of anisotropy and cooling rate (CR) on thermoremanent magnetization acquisition. The new data are consistent with the evolution of intensity variations described by our previous data obtained in France and Northern Italy, which display between the 5th and 10th c. a pronounced camel-back shape. In particular, they provide supporting evidence of an intensity minimum that occurred around the transition between the 7th and 8th century. These data, combined with a selection of previously published results within a 700 km radius of Beaune and re-examined based on CR correction, formed the basis of new regional mean intensity variation curves based on two independent modeling approaches. The first algorithm developed by Thébault and Gallet (2010) based on bootstrapping and now irregularly spaced knots according to the data distribution gives rather smooth intensity variations, while the second approach proposed by Livermore et al (2018) based on a transdimensional Bayesian technique shows more abrupt variations with sometimes stronger amplitudes. We explore the dating potential of these two variations curves, which have an unprecedented resolution, by studying two medieval pottery workshops. Six fragment groups (three per workshop) are analyzed using the Triaxe protocol, providing mean archeointensity values for each of the two sites. Two different procedures are used for their dating, either by comparing the intensity value to be dated with the reference intensity variation curves obtained from the two modeling techniques or by analyzing the marginal posterior probability distribution of the age values derived from the method of Livermore et al (2018). For France, the two techniques yield very similar results. The archeointensity dating results combined with archeological arguments and radiocarbon data, make it possible to better constrain the age of the end of activity of the two workshops. Archeointensity investigation of displaced materials thus appears as an effective means to obtain original chronological constraints on the age of their production, paving the way for a wide range of complementary research on Medieval pottery.
Published: 2021

10. Global archaeomagnetic data: The state of the art and future challenges

Author: Maxwell C. Brown, Agnès Genevey, Gwenaël Hervé, Monika Korte, Institute for Rock Magnetism, University of Minneapolis, University of Iceland [Reykjavik], Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0052,LaScArBx,Using the world in ancient societies : processes and forms of appropriation of space in Long Time(2010), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: GEOMAGIA50, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Archaeomagnetism, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Geophysics, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Field (geography), Secular variation, Earth's magnetic field, Global models, Space and Planetary Science, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Archaeomagnetic dating, Grand Challenges
Abstract: International audience; Archaeomagnetic data are fundamental for our understanding of the evolution of Earth's magnetic field on centennial to millennial timescales. From the earliest studies of the Thelliers, Aitken, Nagata and others in the 1950s and 1960s, archaeomagnetic data have been vital for extending our knowledge of the field to times prior to observational measurements. Today, many thousands of archaeomagnetic data allow us to explore the geomagnetic field in more detail than ever before. Both regional time series of archaeomagnetic data and the inclusion of archaeomagnetic data in time-varying global spherical harmonic field models have revealed a range of newly discovered field behaviour. More sophisticated approaches to developing regional curves and global models have allowed us to resolve the field in certain regions more robustly and with greater resolution than previously possible. In this review we give an overview of the widely used global archaeomagnetic database GEOMAGIA50, discuss the methods used to obtain archaeomagnetic data, their challenges, and explore progress over the past twenty years in developing regional secular variation curves and global spherical harmonic models of the archaeomagnetic field. We end the review by covering what we see as the “grand challenges” in archaeomagnetism, including which regions of the world should be focussed on with regards to data acquisition.
Published: 2021

11. Imagerie par spectrométrie de masse : principes et applications

Author: Blanc, Landry, Brunelle, Alain, Courreges, Cecile, Desbenoit, Nicolas, Fournier, Isabelle, Franck, Julien, Labeyrie, Laurie, Mounicou, Sandra, Salpin, Jean-Yves, Schaumlöffel, Dirk, Subirana, Maria Angels, Touboul, David, Tuck, Michael, van Nuffel, Sebastiaan, Wisztorski, Maxence, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM) - U 1192 (PRISM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire Analyse, Modélisation et Matériaux pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE - UMR 8587), Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maastricht University [Maastricht], The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, and Brunelle, Alain
Subjects: [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry
Abstract: La spectrométrie de masse est une technique versatile permettant l’identification et la caractérisation structurale des espèces chimiques. L’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse va permettre d’ajouter une nouvelle dimension avec un accès direct à la visualisation de la distribution spatiale de ces mêmes espèces chimiques. Cette stratégie d’imagerie a connu un rapide essor avec toujours plus d’enjeux analytiques qui sont au cœur de ce chapitre. Celui-ci s’adresse aussi bien à des débutants qu’à des chercheurs initiés, et a pour vocation de vous décrire et illustrer l’ensemble des technologies utilisées dans le domaine de l’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse. Cet état de l’art se veut être une introduction pédagogue à l’imagerie par spectrométrie de masse afin de se familiariser avec cette stratégie analytique et ses bonnes pratiques. Pour tirer pleinement parti de cette formidable approche, des sujets généraux seront abordés de la préparation des échantillons au traitement des données, en passant par les dernières avancées méthodologiques et technologiques propres à chaque instrument.
Published: 2021

12. Non-invasive X-ray investigations of medieval sculptures: New insights on 'applied tin-relief brocade' technique

Author: F. Lelong, Ph. Walter, Alain Prat, Pauline Martinetto, Olivier Leynaud, F. Fabre, S. Champdavoine, Pierre Bordet, Jean-Louis Hodeau, E. Pouyet, Nils Blanc, E. Uher, T. Guiblain, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), CRG et Grands Instruments (CRG), ARC-Nucleart CEA Grenoble (NUCLEART), Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les nanomatériaux (LITEN), Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), X'Press (X'Press), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), CRG & Grands instruments (NEEL - CRG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de L'Energie Solaire (INES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), X'Press : diffraction et hautes pressions (NEEL - X'Press), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Archeology, Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Gilding, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, engineering.material, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Gesso, Polychrome, Spectroscopy, Sculpture, 010401 analytical chemistry, Non invasive, Cassiterite, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, Tin, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance
Abstract: International audience; Two polychrome sculptures from the late Middle Age were investigated by means of non-invasive techniques with the aim of characterizing sophisticated relief decoration named "applied brocade". Here, we have used portable instrumentation solely in order to perform X-ray powder diffraction and fluorescence measurements at the surface of the sculptures. The results show a reliable localisation and identification of the different materials making up an applied brocade: a filler material, a tin-based foil and a gilding, even in the case of a largely overpainted sculpture. More particularly, a direct identification of the organic material used for the filler as natural beeswax is proposed. Differences between the two investigated artworks have also been identified: (i) in the structure of the calcium sulphate preparation layers (one or double layer of gesso) (ii) in the presence or absence of a priming paint layer under decors (iii) in the choice of the material used to make the gilding: pure gold or probable zwischgold. The characterization of the degradation of this type of decorations was also assessed, namely romarchite (SnO) and cassiterite (SnO 2) were identified and their relative proportion estimated.
Published: 2021

13. The ThomX ICS source

Author: Kevin Dupraz, Muath Alkadi, Manuel Alves, Loic Amoudry, Didier Auguste, Jean-Luc Babigeon, Michel Baltazar, Alain Benoit, Julien Bonis, Jean Bonenfant, Christelle Bruni, Kevin Cassou, Jean-Noël Cayla, Thomas Chabaud, Iryna Chaikovska, Sophie Chance, Vincent Chaumat, Ronic Chiche, Alain Cobessi, Patrick Cornebise, Olivier Dalifard, Nicolas Delerue, Remy Dorkel, Denis Douillet, Jean-Phillipe Dugal, Noureddine El Kamchi, Mohamed El Khaldi, Ezgi Ergenlik, Pierre Favier, Marco Fernandez, Alexis Gamelin, Jean-Francois Garaut, Luca Garolfi, Philippe Gauron, Frédéric Gauthier, Alexandre Gonnin, Denis Grasset, Eric Guerard, Hayg Guler, Jacques Haissinski, Emmanuel Herry, Gregory Iaquaniello, Marie Jacquet, Eric Jules, Vlacheslav Kubytskyi, Marc Langlet, Titouan Le Barillec, Jean-François Ledu, Damien Leguidec, Bruno Leluan, Pierre Lepercq, Frédéric Letellier-Cohen, Rodolphe Marie, Jean-Claude Marrucho, Aurélien Martens, Christophe Mageur, Gabriel Mercadier, Bruno Mercier, Eric Mistretta, Hugues Monard, Alexandre Moutardier, Olivier Neveu, Daniele Nutarelli, Maher Omeich, Yann Peinaud, Yann Petrilli, Marc Pichet, Eric Plaige, Christophe Prévost, Philippe Rudnicky, Viktor Soskov, Monique Taurigna-Quéré, Stéphane Trochet, Cynthia Vallerand, Olivier Vitez, François Wicek, Sébastien Wurth, Fabian Zomer, Patrick Alexandre, Rachid Ben El Fekih, Philippe Berteaud, François Bouvet, Renaud Cuoq, Antonio Diaz, Yannick Dietrich, Massamba Diop, Dominique Pedeau, Eric Dupuy, Fabrice Marteau, Dias Helder, Nicolas Hubert, José Veteran, Marie Labat, Alain Lestrade, Antoine Letrésor, Robert Lopes, Alexandre Loulergue, Marc Louvet, Patrick Marchand, Moussa El Ajjouri, Didier Muller, Amor Nadji, Laurent Nadolski, Ryutaro Nagaoka, Sylvain Petit, Jean-Pierre Pollina, Fernand Ribeiro, Manuel Ros, Julien Salvia, Sébastien Bobault, Mourad Sebdaoui, Rajesh Sreedharan, Yazid Bouanai, Jean-Louis Hazemann, Jean-Louis Hodeau, Emmanuel Roy, Philippe Jeantet, Jérôme Lacipière, Pierre Robert, Jean-Michel Horodynski, Harold Bzyl, Christophe Chapelle, Marica Biagini, Philippe Walter, Alberto Bravin, William Del Net, Eric Lahéra, Olivier Proux, Hélène Elleaume, Eric Cormier, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), SERAS (SERAS), Ingénierie Radioprotection Sûreté Démantèlement (IRSD), Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (LNF), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Rayonnement Synchrotron et Recherche Medicale (RSRM), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), LETELLIER, Frédéric, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Service Etudes et Réalisation d'Appareillages Scientifiques (NEEL - SERAS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Dupraz, K, Alkadi, M, Alves, M, Amoudry, L, Auguste, D, Babigeon, J, Baltazar, M, Benoit, A, Bonis, J, Bonenfant, J, Bruni, C, Cassou, K, Cayla, J, Chabaud, T, Chaikovska, I, Chance, S, Chaumat, V, Chiche, R, Cobessi, A, Cornebise, P, Dalifard, O, Delerue, N, Dorkel, R, Douillet, D, Dugal, J, El Kamchi, N, El Khaldi, M, Ergenlik, E, Favier, P, Fernandez, M, Gamelin, A, Garaut, J, Garolfi, L, Gauron, P, Gauthier, F, Gonnin, A, Grasset, D, Guerard, E, Guler, H, Haissinski, J, Herry, E, Iaquaniello, G, Jacquet, M, Jules, E, Kubytskyi, V, Langlet, M, Le Barillec, T, Ledu, J, Leguidec, D, Leluan, B, Lepercq, P, Letellier-Cohen, F, Marie, R, Marrucho, J, Martens, A, Mageur, C, Mercadier, G, Mercier, B, Mistretta, E, Monard, H, Moutardier, A, Neveu, O, Nutarelli, D, Omeich, M, Peinaud, Y, Petrilli, Y, Pichet, M, Plaige, E, Prevost, C, Rudnicky, P, Soskov, V, Taurigna-Quere, M, Trochet, S, Vallerand, C, Vitez, O, Wicek, F, Wurth, S, Zomer, F, Alexandre, P, Ben El Fekih, R, Berteaud, P, Bouvet, F, Cuoq, R, Diaz, A, Dietrich, Y, Diop, M, Pedeau, D, Dupuy, E, Marteau, F, Helder, D, Hubert, N, Veteran, J, Labat, M, Lestrade, A, Letresor, A, Lopes, R, Loulergue, A, Louvet, M, Marchand, P, El Ajjouri, M, Muller, D, Nadji, A, Nadolski, L, Nagaoka, R, Petit, S, Pollina, J, Ribeiro, F, Ros, M, Salvia, J, Bobault, S, Sebdaoui, M, Sreedharan, R, Bouanai, Y, Hazemann, J, Hodeau, J, Roy, E, Jeantet, P, Lacipiere, J, Robert, P, Horodynski, J, Bzyl, H, Chapelle, C, Biagini, M, Walter, P, Bravin, A, Del Net, W, Lahera, E, Proux, O, Elleaume, H, and Cormier, E
Subjects: Beamline, ThomX, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], General Physics and Astronomy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, X-ray, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Laser power scaling, Physics, Machine description, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Compton scattering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Laser, High power Fabry-Perot cavity, lcsh:QC1-999, Proof of concept, Compact compton source, business, Beam (structure), lcsh:Physics
Abstract: International audience; ThomX is a new generation Compact Compton Source. It is currently commissioned by and at the IJCLab (Laboratoire de physique des 2 infinis - Irène Joliot-Curie (UMR9012)) at Orsay. The first beam is expected at the begining of 2021. The aim of ThomX is to demonstrate the characteristics of an intense and Compact (lab-size) X-ray source based on Compton Scattering. The performances are mostly driven by the laser optical system which is above the state of the art of stored laser power. Proof of principle of various X-ray techniques will be performed thanks to the versatile ThomX beamline. Firstly, this article presents the machine description. Secondly, the issues and limits of the laser system are discussed. Then, the ThomX beamline is described and the machine status conclude the ThomX presentation. Finally, the expected performances for the next years and the possible experiments that can be made with this new machine are detailed.
Published: 2020

14. Multimodal Imaging Mass Spectrometry to Identify Markers of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Human Lung Tissue Using MALDI-ToF, ToF-SIMS, and Hybrid SIMS

Author: Morad K. Nakhleh, Marc Humbert, Nicolas Elie, Alain Brunelle, Quentin P. Vanbellingen, Julia Zakel, Alexander Pirkl, David Touboul, Pierre Chaurand, Maria-Rosa Ghigna, Elie Fadel, Sylvia Cohen-Kaminsky, Marceau Quatredeniers, Jean-Pierre Le Caer, Sébastien J. Dumas, Sebastiaan Van Nuffel, Brunelle, Alain, Un grand défi pour l'imagerie par spectrométrie de masse - - DEFIMAGE2015 - ANR-15-CE29-0007 - AAPG2015 - VALID, Idex Paris-Saclay - - IPS2011 - ANR-11-IDEX-0003 - IDEX - VALID, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSERM UMR_S 999 «Pulmonary Hypertension: Pathophysiology and Novel Therapies», Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, 92350 Le Plessis-Robinson, France, IONTOF GmbH, Université de Montréal (UdeM), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE29-0007,DEFIMAGE,Un grand défi pour l'imagerie par spectrométrie de masse(2015), ANR-11-IDEX-0003,IPS,Idex Paris-Saclay(2011), University of Montreal [Montréal, Canada], and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: PTEN, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, IMAGES, Early detection, Spectrometry, Mass, Secondary Ion, 010402 general chemistry, Diagnostic tools, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Mass spectrometry imaging, Analytical Chemistry, Human lung, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, NANOPARTICLES, medicine, SUBLIMATION, Humans, CYCLE, MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS, Multimodal imaging, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Secondary ion mass spectrometry, medicine.anatomical_structure, RESOLUTION, Potential biomarkers, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
Abstract: International audience; Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and deadly disease affecting roughly 15–60 people per million in Europe with a poorly understood pathology. There are currently no diagnostic tools for early detection nor does a curative treatment exist. The lipid composition of arteries in lung tissue samples from human PAH and control patients were investigated using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) combined with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging. Using random forests as an IMS data analysis technique, it was possible to identify the ion at m/z 885.6 as a marker of PAH in human lung tissue. The m/z 885.6 ion intensity was shown to be significantly higher around diseased arteries and was confirmed to be a diacylglycerophosphoinositol PI(C18:0/C20:4) via MS/MS using a novel hybrid SIMS instrument. The discovery of a potential biomarker opens up new research avenues which may finally lead to a better understanding of the PAH pathology and highlights the vital role IMS can play in modern biomedical research.
Published: 2020

15. Thermal analysis of carbonate pigments and linseed oil to optimize CO2 extraction for radiocarbon dating of lead white paintings

Author: Cyrielle Messager, Laurence de Viguerie, Lucile Beck, Maguy Jaber, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de mesure du carbone 14 (LMC14 - UMS 2572), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, food.ingredient, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Linseed oil, law, Radiocarbon dating, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Spectroscopy, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010401 analytical chemistry, Lead carbonate, Extraction (chemistry), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, humanities, 0104 chemical sciences, Calcium carbonate, chemistry, Carbonate, Environmental science, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: International audience; Lead white was a white pigment extensively used in paintings from Antiquity until the beginning of the 20th century. It is composed of hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2) and cerussite (PbCO3). Historical recipes report metallic lead, vinegar and horse manure as ingredients to produce the two lead carbonates. The incorporation of organic CO2 carrying 14C representative of the time of manufacture of lead white allows radiocarbon dating of this pigment. One possible protocol for lead white paint preparation for dating is based on the extraction of carbon from lead carbonates by thermal decomposition. Since lead white paints are mixed with a binder and other pigments, a thermogravimetric study was implemented to study CO2 extraction from each component. The measurements were carried out on samples of modern paints prepared with lead white (lead carbonate), Meudon white (calcium carbonate) and linseed oil. The results show that it is possible to separate the carbon of interest (carrying the 14C signature: lead white and linseed oil) from the dead carbon coming from geological carbonates (containing no radiocarbon: Meudon white) by heating the paint sample at 400 °C. This study provides a better understanding of the thermal behavior of these three paint constituents and confirms the validity of the thermal protocol for the preparation of lead white paints for radiocarbon dating.
Published: 2020

16. Influence of the nature of the gas phase on the degradation of RNA during fossilization processes

Author: Sylvain Bernard, Pierre Jacquemot, Maguy Jaber, C. Le Guillou, Jean-Christophe Viennet, L. Delbes, Etienne Balan, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centrale Lille Institut (CLIL)
Subjects: Fossilization, Mineral, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Hadean, Archean, RNA world, Sediment, Geology, Gas Phase, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrobiology, Atmosphere, Atmosphere of Earth, 13. Climate action, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Clay Minerals, Biosignatures, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Clay minerals, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The search for the most ancient traces of life on Earth has always been fraught with controversies because of the inevitable degradation undergone by fossilized biomolecules. Laboratory experiments may provide unique clues to achieve a better mechanistic understanding of the key processes involving (biogenic or abiotic) organic carbon during a geological history. The Earth atmosphere has changed over geological times, from a CO 2-rich atmosphere during the Hadean and Archean to the O 2-rich atmosphere of the present day, with a direct impact on the nature of the gas phase trapped within the sediment porosity. Yet, the influence of the nature of this gas phase on fossilization processes has almost never been investigated. Here, we conducted a series of fossilization experiments using an emblematic biomolecule (i.e. RNA) and clay minerals at 200°C for 7 days in closed systems in equilibrium with two different gas phases (e.g. CO 2 versus N 2 /O 2). The multiscale characterization of experimental residues using a suite of advanced microscopy and spectroscopy techniques showed that the final organomineral assemblages strongly depend on the nature of the gas phase. In addition to the nature of the mineral phases, results showed that the nature of the gas phase impacts the chemistry of the residual N-rich organic compounds trapped within the interlayer spaces of Mg-smectites (e.g. mainly aliphatic-rich under CO 2 vs dominated by heterocycles under N 2 /O 2). Altogether, the present study demonstrates the necessity to take into account the nature of the gas phase composition when experimentally simulating fossilization processes aiming at better constraining which biosignatures may be preserved in ancient rocks. Finally, the experimental results reported here may serve to identify the potential biosignatures that should be searched for on other planetary bodies.
Published: 2020

17. XANES at Cl K-edge as relevant technique to reveal the iron archaeological artefact dechlorination treatments

Author: Florian Kergourlay, Solenn Reguer, Eddy Foy, François Mirambet, Delphine Neff, Marine Cotte, Delphine Vantelon, Philippe Dillmann, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Division Expériences - DIFFABS Synchrotron Soleil (Synchrotron Soleil), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Goethite, Materials science, Akaganéite, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Chloride, XANES, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Corrosion, Adsorption, K-edge, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, medicine, Lepidocrocite, 0210 nano-technology, Spectroscopy, medicine.drug
Abstract: Degradation state evaluation, corrosion diagnosis methods' reliability, and also the development and improvement of conservation strategies are dramatically important to preserve iron archaeological objects. In this way, dechlorination processes for iron artefacts are traditionally used in conservation workshops to stabilize objects retrieved from archaeological excavations. This paper aims at presenting unpublished results but also to give an overview of the last 10 years study of stabilization processes using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the Cl K-edge as a key approach: first to decipher the corrosion patterns involving Cl ions on iron artefacts, and second to understand, mostly by in situ observation, the dechlorination processes. Wrought iron bars found on Gallo-Roman shipwrecks were studied. The difference in reactivity involved in the corrosion processes make it essential to distinguish and locate the phases in the heterogeneous corrosion layers. XANES at the Cl K-edge is a relevant technique to determine the Cl chemical form, distribution and its role in each phase's stability. Chloride ions may be trapped inside the structure of iron oxyhydroxide as akaganeite β-FeO1−x(OH)1+xClx and β- or γ-ferrous hydroxychlorides β-Fe2(OH)3Cl. Some Cl may also be adsorbed at the surface of the grains of the various phases present, i.e. not only the previsouly cited Cl-containing phases but also other oxyhydroxydes as lepidocrocite and goethite as shown by the XANES spectra.
Published: 2020
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18. Complementarity of Density Functional Theory and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Tools To Probe the Nano-Layered Silicates Surface Chemistry and Morphology

Author: Pierre Micoud, Maguy Jaber, Virginie Herledan, François Martin, Hervé Toulhoat, Elisa S. Gomes, Guillaume Laugel, Hélène Lauron-Pernot, Yannick Millot, Mathilde Poirier, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), ERT Géomatériaux, Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3)
Subjects: 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.INOR]Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Complementarity (physics), 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, Chemical physics, Nano, Density functional theory, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; By combining experimental, spectroscopic, structural, and physical characterizations and extensive density functional theory simulations, unprecedented insight is gained on the local surface properties of synthetic talc nanoparticles, their structure, morphology and particle size distribution. Basically, the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts profiles of these nano-layered silicates were dissected thoroughly and revealed the existence of bulk and surface contributions in the 1H and 29Si spectra. Beyond the fact that significant knowledge has been acquired on the overall structure of the synthetic talc nanoparticles (mixture of defective and non-defective layers, with defects rejected on the external interfaces), the highlighting of these signals enabled us to access the average morphologies and particle sizes of the samples by decomposing the 29Si NMR profiles into Lorentzian contributions. Finally, the particle size distributions in number were also described in terms of a log-normal law. These distributions were compared to the particle sizes obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller measurements (BET), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. The distributions of gyration radii determined by DLS are shown to match the distributions in size consistent with the same morphology.
Published: 2020

19. Comparative study on the structures and properties of organo-montmorillonite and organo-palygorskite in oil-based drilling fluids

Author: Zepeng Zhang, Guanzheng Zhuang, Maguy Jaber, Shanmao Peng, Jiahua Gao, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Aqueous solution, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Thermal decomposition, Intercalation (chemistry), Mineralogy, Palygorskite, 020101 civil engineering, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0201 civil engineering, chemistry.chemical_compound, Montmorillonite, Rheology, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Drilling fluid, medicine, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, medicine.drug
Abstract: This work aims to reveal the differences of structures and properties between organo-montmorillonite (OMt) and organo-palygorskite (OPal) in oil-based drilling fluids. Organoclays are prepared in aqueous solution and characterized by XRD, SEM and TEM. Surfactants can intercalate into the interlayer space of Mt while they coat only on the palygorskite surface. OMt can form “house of cards” structure while OPal forms “haystack” structure. Temperature rising promotes network structure and rheological properties of organoclays in oil. The decline of rheological properties at high temperature is mainly caused by the dissolution of surfactants into oil, instead of thermal decomposition.
Published: 2017

20. Shedding Light on Functional Hybrid Nanocomposites 19th Century Paint Medium

Author: Ovidiu Ersen, Frédéric Gobeaux, Dris Ihiawakrim, Maguy Jaber, Marco Faustini, Cristina Coelho-Diogo, Christel Gervais, Philippe Walter, Hélène Pasco, Clément Sanchez, Laurence de Viguerie, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux Hybrides et Procédés (LCMCP-MHP ), Matériaux Hybrides et Nanomatériaux (LCMCP-MHN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des matériaux de Paris-Centre (IMPC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Etudes Avancées de l’Université de Strasbourg - Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), ANR-10-LABX-0068,MiChem,Multi-Scale Integrative Chemistry : From Single Molecule to Nano-edifices(2010), Palacin, Serge, Multi-Scale Integrative Chemistry : From Single Molecule to Nano-edifices - - MiChem2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0068 - LABX - VALID, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), University of Strasbourg Institute of Advanced Study (USIAS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Nanocomposite, Materials science, 010405 organic chemistry, Mastic Resin, Nanotechnology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Hybrid system, Electrochemistry, Hybrid material, Lead oxide
Abstract: International audience; British 19th century painters formulated gelled systems often described as ideal paint mediums. These so-called megilps or gumtions are based on common paint materials like linseed oil, lead acetate, and mastic resin, and allowed painters such as J.M.W Turner to improve their paint's properties and achieve unprecedented effects in an age of innovation. To propose a structural scheme of these hybrid systems of unprecedented complexity, it is paramount to design and study model systems using a broad combination of advanced spectroscopic techniques and microscopies. Through this approach, gel Mediums can be described as nanocomposites based on lead metallogels co-existing with lead oxide nanoparticles and a partially polymerized fraction. These functional hybrid materials created a real breakthrough on 19th century paints performances.
Published: 2021

21. Synchrotron-based ν-XRF mapping and μ-FTIR microscopy enable to look into the fate and effects of tattoo pigments in human skin

Author: Ines Schreiver, Randolf Penning, Julie Villanova, Nadine Dreiack, Peter Laux, Rémi Tucoulou, Christian Seim, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Andreas Luch, Bernhard Hesse, Marine Cotte, Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung - Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Dept Xray Spectrometry, Abbestr 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany, Tech Univ Berlin, Inst Opt & Atom Phys, Hardenbergstr 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany, Ludwig Maximilians Univ Munchen, Inst Forens Med, Munich, Germany, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:Medicine, Human skin, Skin Pigmentation, Mass spectrometry, Article, law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pigment, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Microscopy, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, medicine, Organometallic Compounds, Humans, Particle Size, Coloring Agents, lcsh:Science, Skin, chemistry.chemical_classification, Multidisciplinary, Tattooing, Chemistry, Biomolecule, lcsh:R, Biological Transport, Fluorescence, Synchrotron, 030104 developmental biology, visual_art, Titanium dioxide, Biophysics, visual_art.visual_art_medium, lcsh:Q, Lymph Nodes
Abstract: The increasing prevalence of tattoos provoked safety concerns with respect to particle distribution and effects inside the human body. We used skin and lymphatic tissues from human corpses to address local biokinetics by means of synchrotron X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques at both the micro (μ) and nano (ν) scale. Additional advanced mass spectrometry-based methodology enabled to demonstrate simultaneous transport of organic pigments, heavy metals and titanium dioxide from skin to regional lymph nodes. Among these compounds, organic pigments displayed the broadest size range with smallest species preferentially reaching the lymph nodes. Using synchrotron μ-FTIR analysis we were also able to detect ultrastructural changes of the tissue adjacent to tattoo particles through altered amide I α-helix to β-sheet protein ratios and elevated lipid contents. Altogether we report strong evidence for both migration and long-term deposition of toxic elements and tattoo pigments as well as for conformational alterations of biomolecules that likely contribute to cutaneous inflammation and other adversities upon tattooing.
Published: 2017

22. Analysis of carbon and nitrogen signatures with laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy; the quest for organics under Mars-like conditions

Author: Tristan Dequaire, Cyril Szopa, Jérôme Lasne, William Rapin, Sylvestre Maurice, Maguy Jaber, Arnaud Buch, Patrice Coll, Olivier Gasnault, Pierre Beck, Agnes Cousin, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), CentraleSupélec, PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), IMPEC - LATMOS, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Martian, chemistry.chemical_classification, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], chemistry.chemical_element, Mars Exploration Program, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Abiogenic petroleum origin, Astrobiology, Meteorite, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry, Organic matter, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Carbon, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Organic matter has been continuously delivered by meteorites and comets to Mars since its formation, and possibly formed in situ by abiogenic and/or biogenic processes. This organic matter may be preserved from the harsh oxidizing environment of Mars in specific locations. Together with water, organic molecules are necessary to the emergence of life as we know it. Since the first martian landers, scientists have been searching for organics and until today, only one positive detection has been made by a Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) instrument onboard the Curiosity rover. In this article we investigate a complementary approach to guide the search for organic matter using ChemCam, the first Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) instrument on Mars. This experimental study focuses on the analysis of carbon and nitrogen LIBS signatures in organoclay samples and allows the determination of the critical level (Lc) and limit of detection (LoD) of these elements with LIBS under Mars-like conditions, giving new insights into the search of organic matter on Mars.
Published: 2017

23. Cysteine-montmorillonite composites for heavy metal cation complexation: A combined experimental and theoretical study

Author: Jean-François Lambert, Khaled El Adraa, Thomas Georgelin, Frederik Tielens, Maguy Jaber, Farouk Jaber, Chemistry, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Laboratoire d'Analyse des Composés Organiques, Université Libanaise, Spectroscopie, Modélisation, Interfaces pour L'Environnement et la Santé (SMiLES), Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris (LCMCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Chemical Engineering, Inorganic chemistry, Composite number, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, DFT, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Cysteine, Heavy metal cations, Composite material, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Montmorillonite, Chemistry, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, NMR, 0104 chemical sciences, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology, Clay minerals, Hybrid material
Abstract: International audience; Green composites based on montmorillonite (Mt) and cysteine, were prepared for heavy metal removal. A comparison between the adsorption properties of the resulting hybrid inorganic-organic materials and the pure montmorillonite was carried out for the following heavy metal cations Cd2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, Co2+ and Zn2+. It appears that the adsorption capacity is higher on the composite. Moreover, in release experiments, the heavy metal cations are more strongly retained by the hybrid material. Interactions between the hybrid clay mineral and the inorganic hosts were studied by spectroscopic methods such as solid-state NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared). The experimental data were in agreement with the theoretical periodic DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculations where a molecular picture of the adsorption complex is proposed.
Published: 2017

24. Polychromy in Africa Proconsularis: investigating Roman statues using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Author: Fathi Bejaoui, Noémie Kopczynski, François Baratte, Laurence de Viguerie, Elisabetta Neri, Philippe Walter, Nesrine Nasr, ORIENT ET MÉDITERRANÉE : Textes, Archéologie, Histoire (OM), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National du Patrimoine, Tunis, Tunisia, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National du Patrimoine, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Sauvegarde du Patrimoin
Subjects: Archeology, Future studies, Sculpture, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, 060102 archaeology, General Arts and Humanities, media_common.quotation_subject, 010401 analytical chemistry, Roman Sculpture, Polychromy, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, Ancient history, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy, 0104 chemical sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Roman Africa, media_common
Abstract: Colour was a key feature of Greek and Roman sculpture, but due to the current bare-marble appearance of many such statues, it is now frequently overlooked. This is illustrated here by the first study of polychromy in Roman statues from the province of Africa Proconsularis. Five sculptural fragments dating to the second and third centuries AD were examined using techniques including XRF analysis, and a variety of pigments were detected. The differing colour schemes presented by each of the pieces are here assessed, and consideration is given to the technical process by which they were coloured, the significance of their decoration and the potential for applying similar approaches in future studies of ancient statuary.
Published: 2017

25. Experimental clues for detecting biosignatures on Mars

Author: Etienne Balan, Jean-Christophe Viennet, Maguy Jaber, Sylvain Bernard, Baptiste Rigaud, Thomas Georgelin, Ludovic Delbes, C. Le Guillou, Pierre Jacquemot, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, Astrobiology, life on Mars, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Biosignature, Environmental Chemistry, hydrothermal alteration, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Total organic carbon, Martian, Mineral, organo-mineral interactions, Geology, Mars Exploration Program, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, fossilisation, clay minerals, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Clay minerals
Abstract: International audience; Forthcoming exploration of Mars aims at identifying fossil biosignatures within ancient clay-rich formations. The subsurface of Mars has mostly acted as a giant freezer for the last 4 Gyr, thereby preserving potential remains of martian life. Yet, volcanism and impactors have periodically triggered the circulation of hydrothermal fluids, inevitably causing alteration of potentially fossilised biogenic organic materials. It thus appears crucial to quantify the impact of hydrothermal processes on organic biogeochemical signals in the presence of clay minerals. Here, we submitted RNA to hydrothermal conditions in the presence of Mg-smectites. Results show heterogeneous organo-mineral residues, with sub-micrometric phosphates, carbonates and amorphous silica particles together with Mg-smectites with interlayer spaces saturated by N-rich organic compounds. Although the chemical structure of RNA did not withstand hydrothermal conditions, clay minerals efficiently trapped organic carbon, confirming the relevance of drilling for organic carbon in ancient martian sediments. In addition, the degradation of RNA in the presence of Mg-smectites led to the precipitation of a quite uncommon mineral assemblage that could be seen as a biosignature per se. Martian targets exhibiting this mineral assemblage will thus constitute high priority and highly relevant candidates for sample return.
Published: 2019

26. Influence of phyllosilicates on the hydrothermal alteration of organic matter in asteroids: Experimental perspectives

Author: Jean-Christophe Viennet, Vassilissa Vinogradoff, Laurent Remusat, C. Le Guillou, Maguy Jaber, Sylvain Bernard, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Laboratoire de Matériaux à Porosité Contrôlée (LMPC), Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude de la Matière Extraterrestre (LEME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université de Lille, CNRS, INRA, ENSCL, and Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Infrared spectroscopy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Hydrothermal circulation, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geochemistry and Petrology, Chondrite, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Organic matter, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Mineral, [QFIN]Quantitative Finance [q-fin], [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Hexamethylenetetramine, Clay minerals, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Carbon
Abstract: International audience; The origin of the diverse organic compounds present in carbonaceous chondrites (CC) remains uncertain. We aim at investigating the role that hydrothermal alteration may have had on the molecular evolution of organic matter (OM). In particular, within CC matrices, OM is intimately embedded within phyllosilicates down to the nanometer scale, which raises the question of the influence of phyllosilicates on OM transformation during hydrothermal alteration on parent bodies. We conducted hydrothermal experiments at 150°C and alkaline pH, using a well-known molecule present in processed interstellar ice analogues, the hexamethylenetetramine (HMT), in the presence of Al- and Fe-rich smectites. Experimental products were characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy. Within 31 days, the HMT+smectites+H2O system leads to (1) the formation of a diverse suite of soluble organic compounds, yet less abundant and less complex than in the absence of smectite, (2) carbon-rich smectite residues (3.8 wt.% and 2.6 wt.% of carbon for the Al- and Fe-rich smectite residues, respectively). In addition, the abundance and molecular composition of the final organic compounds depend on the nature of the phyllosilicate (Al vs. Fe-smectite). Various and complex interaction mechanisms could occur between OM and smectite. Physisorption, chemisorption and intercalation processes have likely entrapped a significant portion of the organic compounds, thereby altering their chemical evolution. The present work demonstrates that the presence and the nature of phyllosilicates influences the reaction pathways of organic compounds during hydrothermal alteration and that the presence of organic compounds may impact the mineral assemblage. This could have had significant importance for the co-evolution of OM and mineral phases in primitive bodies during hydrothermal alteration.
Published: 2019

27. Characterization of painting pigments and ochres associated with the Hoabinhian archaeological context at the rock-shelter site of Doi Pha Kan (Thailand)

Author: Guilhem Mauran, Matthieu Lebon, Hubert Forestier, Xavier Gallet, Manon Bondetti, Ludovic Bellot-Gurlet, Simon Puaud, Valery Zeitoun, Sylvain Courrech du Pont, Philippe Walter, Antoine Zazzo, Prasit Auetrakulvit, Arctic and Antarctic studies, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Silpakorn University, Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), French Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (MNHN) ATM fundings.Sorbonne Universités and MH@SATSU-OPPaCro project., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Silpakorn University [Bangkok, Thaïlande]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, AUSTRALIA, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, MINERALS, Prehistory, AGE, RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, 0601 history and archaeology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Painting, 060102 archaeology, IDENTIFICATION, Excavation, 06 humanities and the arts, Art, 15. Life on land, Hoabinhian, Archaeology, ARNHEM-LAND, Homogeneous, PREHISTORIC PIGMENTS, HEMATITE, PROVENANCE, Rock shelter, ART, Chronology
Abstract: International audience; The use of ochre in mortuary practices was widespread during prehistory. In northern Thailand, several painted rock-shelters attributed to Iron age or Neolithic cultures have provided burials characterized by the presence of pigment fragments and ochres deposits. In the case of Doi Pha Kan, data collected during excavations have highlighted the important role of ochre in funerary rites dating from 13,172 to 10,986 cal BC. The presence of painted panels overhanging Hoabinhian burials raises the question of their chronology and association to painting activities. To investigate this issue at Doi Pha Kan, we applied a multi-analytical approach (optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, XRF spectroscopy, XRD and μXRD) on painting pigments and ochres associated with a grave (dpk E-5) and the archaeological context to determine the mineralogical and elemental composition of pigment raw materials. We showed that the composition of raw pigments from the archaeological context is homogeneous, suggesting a common geological source characterized by the presence of As. In contrast, pigments on the painted panel have variable compositions indicating that panels were created in different time periods. The pigment used for anthropomorphic figure is the only one similar to the materials identified in the archaeological levels and burial at Doi Pha Kan. Without possibility of direct dating, it is not possible to establish a direct link between the these anthropomorphic figure paintings and mortuary practices, however two painted wall fragments were discovered in the archaeological layers attest to a long tradition of rock painting for at least 13,000 years at this site.
Published: 2019

28. Confinement and Time Immemorial: Prebiotic Synthesis of Nucleotides on a Porous Mineral Nanoreactor

Author: David Touboul, Guillaume Gabant, Fabrice Gaslain, Maguy Jaber, Thomas Georgelin, Guanzheng Zhuang, Baptiste Rigaud, Maria G. Fonseca, Francisco Rodrigues, Valentin Valtchev, Laboratoire catalyse et spectrochimie (LCS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des matériaux de Paris-Centre (IMPC), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: RNA building blocks, Time Factors, Surface Properties, Ribose, Origin of Life, Nanoreactor, phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, 01 natural sciences, Mordenite, [PHYS] Physics [physics], 03 medical and health sciences, Adenosine Triphosphate, Abiogenesis, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Nucleotide, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Zeolite, Porosity, ribonucleotides, Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 0303 health sciences, Origins of Life, Mineral, 010405 organic chemistry, Adenine, Microporous material, Adenosine Monophosphate, Organophosphates, 0104 chemical sciences, Adenosine Diphosphate, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Zeolites, Nanoparticles, Thermodynamics, Aluminum Silicates
Abstract: International audience; We report the successful one-pot synthesis of adenosine mono-, di-, and triphosphate in the confined space of a mordenite zeolite. This is also the first report of ATP synthesized onto a porous mineral surface. The results revealed a plausible prebiotic route to ribonucleotides and highlighted the contribution of microporous minerals in the origins of life.
Published: 2019

29. The stability of gahnite doped with chromium pigments in glazes from the French manufacture of Sèvres

Author: Olivier Dargaud, Louisiane Verger, Laurent Cormier, Gwenaëlle Rousse, Marine Cotte, Cite de la ceramique, Propriétés des amorphes, liquides et minéraux [IMPMC] (IMPMC_PALM), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie du solide et de l'énergie (CSE), Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Chromium, Pigment, Phase (matter), Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Spinel, Metallurgy, Doping, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, visual_art, Ceramics and Composites, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Absorption (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, Frit, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract: International audience; The French manufacture of Sèvres, famous for its production of fine porcelain artefacts, has been synthesizing pink pigments mainly composed of the spinel phase ZnAl 2−x Cr x O 4 with x varying from 0.25 to 0.41 since the middle of the 19 th century. This kind of pigment is mixed with an uncolored frit to obtain decorations for porcelain artefacts. However, the pink color of 2 the pigment is altered in a particular uncolored frit and a brownish color appears. The mechanism of this color change was investigated. Observations under a scanning electron microscope revealed the formation of a phase rich in Cr resulting from reactions between the uncolored frit and the pigment during firing. X-Ray Diffraction combined with Rietveld refinements and X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure at the Cr K-edge measurements showed that the new formed phase belongs to the same spinel phase ZnAl 2−x Cr x O 4 than the pigment, but with a higher Cr content x. We showed that its formation and thus the stability of the pigment is driven by the Al content in the uncolored frit.
Published: 2016

30. Physico-chemical characterization of lake pigments based on montmorillonite and carminic acid

Author: Maguy Jaber, Frédéric Fournier, Sebastien Balme, Jean-Marc Janot, Laurence de Viguerie, Philippe Walter, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: Catechol, Carminic acid, Intercalation (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, Geology, Lake pigment, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Montmorillonite, chemistry, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Molecule, 0210 nano-technology, Hybrid material, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Hybrid materials based on one organic dye, the carminic acid, and montmorillonite have been prepared and characterized by a multi-technical approach. Aluminum and tin II cations were used in the experimental mixtures in order to have a chelating effect with the carminic acid. X-Ray diffraction patterns (XRD) did not highlight any intercalation of the organic molecule in the interlayer space, a result confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. The fixation of the organic molecules on the phyllosilicates was then investigated by 13 C solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and time resolved fluorescence spectroscopies. The spectra showed the role that the ketone and catechol functions of the dye played for its fixation and stressed on the decrease of its mobility when the lake pigment was formed. The role of the clay edges and/or surface was highlighted by this set of experimental data.
Published: 2016

31. The drying of linseed oil investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: Historical recipes and influence of lead compounds

Author: Erika P. Portero, L. de Viguerie, Pierre-Adrien Payard, Ph. Walter, Marine Cotte, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, food.ingredient, Oxidative polymerisation, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], General Chemical Engineering, Oil paint, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared, Lead (geology), food, Linseed oil, Materials Chemistry, Litharge, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Drier, Lead oxide, 010401 analytical chemistry, Organic Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, 13. Climate action, Absorption band, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Lead compounds have been commonly used since the Renaissance period to increase the drying properties of oils. This article presents new insights on the mechanisms involved: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) has been used to investigate the effects of lead oxide on the drying process of linseed oil. The changes occurring during the drying of oil and the influence generated by the use of PbO were monitored by integrating absorption bands of interest such as the ν(Osingle bondH) absorption band at 3500 cm−1, and the ν(Csingle bondH) in cis Cdouble bond; length as m-dashCsingle bondH band at 3010 cm−1. Results indicate that the addition of lead oxide accelerates the drying process and reduces the induction time (4 times with 5% PbO), without causing major changes in the mechanisms involved. An optimal amount of 5% PbO was determined, as compared to 1 and 20%. Historical recipes have been reviewed and the effect of specific oil preparation parameters such as the heating of oil while adding PbO addition and the addition of water has been investigated.
Published: 2016

32. Identifying and quantifying amorphous and crystalline content in complex powdered samples: application to archaeological carbon blacks

Author: Elsa Van Elslande, Pauline Martinetto, Sophie Cersoy, Pierre Bordet, Philippe Walter, Jean Louis Hodeau, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, phase identification and quantification, Scanning electron microscope, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, archaeology, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon black, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 0104 chemical sciences, Amorphous solid, chemistry, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, Organic matter, Mixed phase, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, powder X-ray techniques
Abstract: International audience; Carbon black materials have been frequently used from prehistory as pigments for drawings and paintings and also as dyes, inks and cosmetics, since they are easy to make by burning organic matter. However, the carbonaceous phases they form are often ill-ordered and not easy to characterize. Five carbon black Roman micro samples found in vessels in houses in Pompeii were studied. These precious powders correspond to mixed phase samples that contain both crystalline and ill-ordered components. Here, a methodological approach that accomplishes the identification, quantification and mapping of the different phases in these heterogeneous samples using synchrotron-based techniques is proposed. The results were compared with those from scanning electron microscopy. Information about the nature of the mixtures and the origin of carbon black pigments is obtained. The use of charred vegetable materials is concluded, independently of the shape and the nature of the container.
Published: 2016

33. Analysis and conservation of modern modeling materials found in Auguste Rodin's sculptures

Author: Yannick Vandenberghe, Hélène Bluzat, Agnès Cascio, Juliette Langlois, Guylaine Mary, Marine Cotte, Nathalie Balcar, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF)
Subjects: Sculpture, media_common.quotation_subject, 010401 analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, Plan (drawing), Art, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Visual arts, Exhibition, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Composition (language), media_common
Abstract: Prior to the exhibition Portrait-making, Rodin and his models (2009), the Rodin museum wanted to restore two busts of Hanako and Clemenceau. Interestingly, these two sculptures contain pieces of modern modeling materials (MMMs) invented at the end of the nineteenth century as an alternative to clay or waxes. The poor state of conservation of the two portraits made any handling and exhibition impossible. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is twofold: to contribute to technical art history and conservation. Elemental and chemical analyses were done on samples from 12 sculptures (SEM–EDX, FTIR, GC–MS, GC–FID, XRD, synchrotron-based µXRF, µXANES, and µFTIR) aimed at identifying the composition of MMMs used by Rodin on plaster sculptures and establishing hypotheses about the origins of their degradation. This thorough study of their composition and degradation was necessary to implement an appropriate restoration plan. The development of conservation protocols adapted to such materials is rarely document...
Published: 2016

34. Revisiting the identification of commercial and historical green earth pigments

Author: Helen Glanville, Geneviève Blondin, Anne-Claire Giot, Alice Gimat, Martin Clémancey, Maguy Jaber, Pauline Martinetto, Agathe Fanost, Anne-Laure Rollet, Philippe Walter, Laurence de Viguerie, Fabrice Gaslain, Guillaume Mériguet, PHysicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes InterfaciauX (PHENIX), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Physiochimie des Métaux (PMB), Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux (LCBM - UMR 5249), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre des Matériaux (CDM), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Centre des Matériaux (MAT), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: XRD, Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Mid infrared, Mineralogy, earth, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Mossbauer, SEM-EDS, Pigment, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Celadonite, Glauconite, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Earth (chemistry), 0210 nano-technology, Geology
Abstract: International audience; Green earth is a common green pigment based on celadonite and glauconite, used since Antiquity by artists. Two geological minerals, eight commercial green earth pigments and a sample taken from a historical location in Monte Baldo were characterized. A set of different techniques including X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and numerous spectroscopies: spectrophotocolorimetry, near and mid infrared, Raman, Mössbauer were used to identify the structure and composition of the different earths. The results highlight complex composition with the presence of various phases, which can be due to the pigment sampling at a different location in the same deposit. Mobile and non-invasive analyses were carried out in order to suggest a protocol for the identification of green earth in artworks, and more specifically to distinguish celadonite and glauconite. With the available mobile non-invasive techniques, and the above analyses on the raw pigments, the green area in Nicolas Poussin’s painting, Bacchanales d’enfants (Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Antica (GNAA), Rome) was examined as a case study.
Published: 2020

35. The Polychromy of the Frieze of the Siphian Treasury at Delphi: New Investigations, New Results, New Archaeological and Historical Questions

Author: Jockey, Philippe, Walter, Philippe, Alfeld, Matthias, Mulliez, Maud, Devogelaere, Jonathan, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche et de restauration des musées de France (C2RMF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Thorsten Opper, Joanne Dyer, The British Museum, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

36. Une nouvelle préparation d'échantillons pour les microscopies en transmission

Author: Jacquemot, Pierre, Viennet, Jean‐christophe, Le Guillou, Corentin, Blanchenet, Anne-Marie, Jaber, Maguy, Bernard, Sylvain, Institut de Relations Internationales et Stratégiques (IRIS), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Paris, Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Région Île-de-France, DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux, and DIM Matériaux anciens et patrimoniaux
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

37. New constraints on geomagnetic field intensity variations in the Balkans during the Early Byzantine period from ceramics unearthed at Thasos and Delphi, Greece

Author: J.S. Gros, F. Blondé, Despina Kondopoulou, Platon Petridis, Elina Aidona, A. Muller, A. Genevey, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), École française d'Athènes (EfA), Histoire Archéologie Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques (CTHS), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.)-École nationale des chartes (ENC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), British School at Athens, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Histoire, Archéologie et Littérature des Mondes Anciens - UMR 8164 (HALMA)
Subjects: Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Thermoremanent magnetization, Greece, Pottery, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Demagnetizing field, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Archaeology, Secular variation, Paleontology, Earth's magnetic field, Magnetic mineralogy, Early Byzantine period, Archeomagnetism, Period (geology), Archeointensity, Geology, Byzantine architecture, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; We report on five new archeomagnetic field intensity data obtained in Greece from groups of pottery fragments precisely dated to between the middle of the fourth century and the beginning of the seventh century CE. These potsherds were unearthed on the islands of Thasos (Northern Greece) and Delphi (Central Greece). Their dating is primarily ensured by typo-morphological arguments, combined with archeological and historical constraints. Archeointensity measurements were performed using the Triaxe protocol, which involves continuous magnetization measurements at high temperatures and which allows us to overcome the thermoremanent magnetization anisotropy and cooling rate effects. Magnetic mineralogy measurements such as low-field magnetic susceptibility versus temperature and thermal demagnetization of three orthogonal IRM components have identified magnetite with possible impurities as the main carrier of the magnetization. The new data range from 52.0μT to 61.5μT after reduction to Thessaloniki and show an increase in geomagnetic field intensity in Greece during the Early Byzantine period. They appear in good agreement with previous intensity results satisfying a set of quality criteria and obtained in a region of 700 km around Thessaloniki, therefore incorporating data from Bulgaria, Greece and South Italy. This study is part of an ongoing effort to better constrain the evolution in geomagnetic field intensity in the Balkans over the past few millennia, with potential use for dating in archeology. The rapid intensity variations documented here during the Early Byzantine period are clearly of interest in this respect.
Published: 2018

38. MA-XRF and hyperspectral reflectance imaging for visualizing traces of antique polychromy on the Frieze of the Siphnian Treasury

Author: Maud Mulliez, Matthias Alfeld, Philippe Jockey, Philippe Walter, Laurence de Viguerie, Jonathan Devogelaere, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'excellence - Les sciences humaines et sociales au cœur de l’interdisciplinarité pour la Méditerranée (LabexMed), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Painting, Frieze, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Antique, 010401 analytical chemistry, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Method of analysis, [SHS.ART]Humanities and Social Sciences/Art and art history, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Analytical Chemistry, Hyperspectral reflectance, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Microscopic Inspection, Stationary object, [SHS.HIST]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Spectroscopy, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Remote sensing
Abstract: Of the once colourful decoration of antique Greek statues only few traces remain today. But these allow one to reconstruct part of the polychromy, based on visual and microscopic inspection and spot analysis with spectroscopic methods. For the first time we used mobile hyperspectral reflectance imaging in the visible and near infrared range and scanning macro XRF imaging for the investigation of remnants of antique polychromy on a stationary object. With this method of analysis we were able to reveal previously unknown traces of ancient paint on the Frieze of the Siphnian Treasury (around 525 BCE). This illustrates the capabilities of this techniques to obtain new insights in a well-described and investigated object. Further, we gained insight into the painting technique, involving an earth based preparation layer. Finally, we present an alternative way to the treatment of the hyperspectral reflectance data in order to obtain easily readable pigment distribution images in case of heterogeneous illumination.
Published: 2018

39. Full-field XRF instrument for cultural heritage: Application to the study of a Caillebotte painting

Author: Dominique Hérouard, Marc Gailhanou, Philippe Walter, Antoine Verney, Philippe Sarrazin, David Blake, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Musée d'art et d'histoire Baron Gérard (MAHB), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Painting, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], media_common.quotation_subject, 010401 analytical chemistry, Full field, Art, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Visual arts, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Cultural heritage, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

40. MapX: 2D XRF for Planetary Exploration - Image Formation and Optic Characterization

Author: Thomas F. Bristow, K. Thompson, E. Schyns, Philippe Sarrazin, Marc Gailhanou, Philippe Walter, F. Marchis, David Blake, C. Chalumeau, S. Webb, Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence Institute (SETI), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource (SSRL SLAC), SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University-Stanford University, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Photonis France (PHOTONIS FRANCE), Photonis Group, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Image formation, Point spread function, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 010309 optics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.MECA.SOLID]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Solid mechanics [physics.class-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Spectroscopy, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Pixel, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Ray tracing (graphics), Monochromatic color, Deconvolution, business
Abstract: Map-X is a planetary instrument concept for 2D X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. The instrument is placed directly on the surface of an object and held in a fixed position during the measurement. The formation of XRF images on the CCD detector relies on a multichannel optic configured for 1:1 imaging and can be analyzed through the point spread function (PSF) of the optic. The PSF can be directly measured using a micron-sized monochromatic X-ray source in place of the sample. Such PSF measurements were carried out at the Stanford Synchrotron and are compared with ray tracing simulations. It is shown that artifacts are introduced by the periodicity of the PSF at the channel scale and the proximity of the CCD pixel size and the optic channel size. A strategy of sub-channel random moves was used to cancel out these artifacts and provide a clean experimental PSF directly usable for XRF image deconvolution.
Published: 2018

41. XRF and reflectance hyperspectral imaging on a 15th century illuminated manuscript: combining imaging and quantitative analysis to understand the artist’s technique

Author: Philippe Walter, Valérie Gontero, Sophie Astier, Florence Boulc’h, Sophie Rochut, Laurence de Viguerie, Matthias Alfeld, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Interdisciplinaire d'Étude des Littératures d'Aix-Marseille (CIELAM), Matériaux divisés, interfaces, réactivité, électrochimie (MADIREL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemical imaging, Visible reflectance, Archeology, lcsh:QD71-142, lcsh:Fine Arts, 010401 analytical chemistry, Non invasive, lcsh:Analytical chemistry, Hyperspectral imaging, Art history, 02 engineering and technology, Conservation, Medieval illumination, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [SHS.MUSEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Cultural heritage and museology, 01 natural sciences, Reflectivity, 0104 chemical sciences, Folio, Palette (painting), [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, lcsh:N, 0210 nano-technology, Quantitative analysis
Abstract: International audience; We present here the combination of in situ non invasive techniques to investigate a precious 15th century illuminated manuscript of Petrarch’s work, De remediis utriusque fortunae held in the Méjanes library in Aix-en-Provence (France). X-Ray fluorescence spectroscopy, mapping and point analysis, and visible reflectance hyperspectral imaging allow an unprecedented analysis of this manuscript. They provide new clues for its attribution by revealing a partly hidden coat of arms and describing the illuminator’s palette and techniques in detail. We reveal the identity of the first possessor of this manuscript, Tanguy IV du Châtel, known as a 15th century bibliophile close to Louis XI. This information is a further element contributing to the attribution of the richly illuminated folio 6 of this manuscript to François Le Barbier. Pigments and dyes used for this folio have been investigated with particular emphasis on the study of the superimposed colours thus providing a better understanding of the artist’s technique and know-how.
Published: 2018

42. STUDY OF NANO-SCALE SUPERLATTICES BY PROTON INDUCED KOSSEL DIFFRACTION

Author: Wu, Meiyi, Le Guen, Karine, André, Jean-Michel, Jonnard, Philippe, Vickridge, Ian, Schmaus, Didier, Emrick, Briand, Walter, Philippe, Huang, Qiushi, Wang, Zhanshan, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique - Matière et Rayonnement (LCPMR), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Precision Optical Engineering [Shangai] (IPOE), and Tongji University
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-GEN]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Other [cond-mat.other]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

43. In vitro synthesis of amorphous Mg-, Ca-, Sr- and Ba-carbonates: What do we learn about intracellular calcification by cyanobacteria?

Author: Karim Benzerara, Nithavong Cam, Maguy Jaber, Jean-François Lambert, Thomas Georgelin, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Labex Matisse, and ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011)
Subjects: Abiotic component, Cyanobacteria, Thermogravimetric analysis, biology, Chemistry, Ecology, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 01 natural sciences, In vitro, Crystallinity, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Extracellular, Biophysics, medicine, 0210 nano-technology, Intracellular, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcification
Abstract: International audience; Some cyanobacteria, including Candidatus Gloeomargarita lithophora, which was isolated from Lake Alchichica (Mexico), can form intracellular carbonates. This contradicts the common paradigm that cyanobacterial calcification is always extracellular and suggests that calcification might be controlled by these cyanobacterial species. Intracellular carbonates have several peculiar characteristics: they are relatively small (between 60 and 500 nm), they are poorly crystalline, and they have Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios much higher than the solution in which the cells grow. It is therefore crucial to understand whether these unique features may indicate the involvement of specific biological processes. Here, in vitro abiotic syntheses were performed to synthesize Mg-, Ca-, Sr- and Ba-containing carbonates with compositions, crystallinities and sizes close to those observed in intracellularly calcifying cyanobacteria. Precipitates were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopies coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and x-ray diffraction. The size and the poor crystallinity of cyanobacterial intracellular carbonates could be mimicked under these abiotic conditions. It was shown that similarly to Mg, elements such as Sr and Ba can favour stabilization of poorly crystalline carbonates. In contrast, the differential partitioning of Sr, Ba and Ca between the solution and the solids as observed in cyanobacteria could not be mimicked in vitro. This provides keys to a better understanding of biological processes involved in the formation of intracellular carbonates by some cyanobacteria, including the involvement of membrane transporters.
Published: 2015

44. The nature of ancient Egyptian copper-containing carbon inks is revealed by synchrotron radiation based X-ray microscopy

Author: Sine Larsen, Poul Erik Lindelof, Kim Ryholt, Thomas Christiansen, Kell Mortensen, René Loredo-Portales, Marine Cotte, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)
Subjects: Cuprite, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, lcsh:Medicine, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Article, lcsh:Science, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Multidisciplinary, Azurite, lcsh:R, 010401 analytical chemistry, Malachite, Carbon black, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Copper, XANES, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon
Abstract: For the first time it is shown that carbon black inks on ancient Egyptian papyri from different time periods and geographical regions contain copper. The inks have been investigated using synchrotron-based micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and micro X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The composition of the copper-containing carbon inks showed no significant differences that could be related to time periods or the geographical locations. This renders it probable that the same technology for ink production was used throughout Egypt for a period spanning at least 300 years. It is argued that the black pigment material (soot) for these inks was obtained as by-products of technical metallurgy. The copper (Cu) can be correlated with the following three main components: cuprite (Cu2O), azurite (Cu3[CO3]2[OH]2) and malachite (Cu2CO3[OH]2).
Published: 2017

45. Environmentally Friendly Procedure Based on Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Molecular Networking for the Discovery of Potent Antiviral Compounds from Euphorbia semiperfoliata

Author: Jean-François Gallard, Fanny Roussi, Pieter Leyssen, Marc Litaudon, David Touboul, Xavier Cachet, Louis-Félix Nothias, Julien Paolini, Alain Brunelle, Luis M. Bedoya, Pascal Retailleau, Jean Costa, Pieter C. Dorrestein, Laurent Laboureur, Erick De La Torre, José Alcamí, Stéphanie Boutet-Mercey, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AgroParisTech, Instituto de Salud Carlos III [Madrid] (ISC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences [San Diego], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California (UC), Rega Institute for Medical Research [Leuven, België], Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels -UMR 6134, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0025,CEBA,CEnter of the study of Biodiversity in Amazonia(2010), and ANR-16-CE29-0002,Cap-SFC-MS,Chromatographie en phase supercritique capillaire couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (cap-SFC-MS) pour l'analyse de biomolécules(2016)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Molecular Conformation, Pharmaceutical Science, Crystallography, X-Ray, Virus Replication, Tandem mass spectrometry, Antiviral Agents, 01 natural sciences, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Euphorbia, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Drug Discovery, Phorbol esters, Pharmacology, Chromatography, Molecular Structure, biology, Plant Extracts, 010405 organic chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Absolute configuration, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid, biology.organism_classification, Environmentally friendly, 0104 chemical sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Complementary and alternative medicine, chemistry, Molecular networking, HIV-1, Supercritical fluid chromatography, Molecular Medicine, Diterpenes, Diterpene, Chikungunya virus
Abstract: A supercritical fluid chromatography-based targeted purification procedure using tandem mass spectrometry and molecular networking was developed to analyze, annotate, and isolate secondary metabolites from complex plant extract mixture. This approach was applied for the targeted isolation of new antiviral diterpene esters from Euphorbia semiperfoliata whole plant extract. The analysis of bioactive fractions revealed that unknown diterpene esters, including jatrophane esters and phorbol esters, were present in the samples. The purification procedure using semipreparative supercritical fluid chromatography led to the isolation and identification of two new jatrophane esters (13 and 14) and one known (15) and three new 4-deoxyphorbol esters (16–18). The structure and absolute configuration of compound 16 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. This compound was found to display antiviral activity against Chikungunya virus (EC50 = 0.45 μM), while compound 15 proved to be a potent and selective inhibitor of H...
Published: 2017

46. Adsorption and photophysical properties of fluorescent dyes over montmorillonite and saponite modified by surfactant

Author: Vidhyadevi Tangaraj, Maguy Jaber, Mikhael Bechelany, Jean-Marc Janot, Sebastien Balme, Institut Européen des membranes (IEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: saponite, Environmental Engineering, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Inorganic chemistry, Sulforhodamine B, 02 engineering and technology, montmorillonite, anisotropy, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Rhodamine, Surface-Active Agents, Perchlorate, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Adsorption, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, X-Ray Diffraction, Environmental Chemistry, Saponite, fluorescent dyes, Rhodamines, Silicates, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Langmuir adsorption model, General Medicine, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Pollution, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, adsorption isotherm, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Montmorillonite, chemistry, Bentonite, engineering, symbols, Clay, Aluminum Silicates, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In the present study, the adsorption capacities of two intercalated smectites, CTAB-saponite and CTAB-montmorillonite with a cationic surfactant, were investigated with three fluorescent dyes namely Rhodamine 640 perchlorate rhodamine (Rho), sulforhodamine B (SR) and Kiton red 620 (KR). The adsorption isotherms fit well with the non-linear Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum adsorption capacities of all the composites are determined. The photophysical properties such as anisotropy and fluorescence lifetime of all the fluorescent dyes over the clay materials are determined. The set of experimental data based on X-Ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and fluorescence measurements allow highlighting the presence or the absence of interactions between the dyes and the modified clay minerals.
Published: 2017

47. Mesoporous calcium phosphate using casein as a template: Application to bovine serum albumin sorption

Author: Grangeiro da Silva, Oberto, Alves, Marco, dos Santos, Ieda Maria Garcia, Gardennia Fonseca, Maria, Jaber, Maguy, LACOM/INCTM, Universidade Federal da Paraiba (UFPB), Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Mesoporous hydroxyapatites were synthesized at room temperature using casein as a template, and key experimental factors, such as casein concentration, pH and extraction of casein in the final solids by washing and thermal treatment, were systematically investigated. The X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the synthesis of well-crystallized hydroxyapatite. The N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were in agreement with the formation of mesoporous hydroxyapatite with a maximum surface area of 106 m2 g−1. Infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry analysis were performed to investigate the extraction of casein in water in the post-synthesis stage. Pure mesoporous hydroxyapatite exhibited good BSA adsorption capacity higher than the one obtained for conventional hydroxyapatite.
Published: 2017

48. Non-Invasive Chemical Analysis with Mobile Instruments: An Opportunity for New Interdisciplinary Researches on Antique Polychromy

Author: Walter, Philippe, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

49. Caractérisation moléculaire et vieillissement de la résine sandaraque et son composant principal de l'acide communique

Author: Kononenko, Inna, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, Philippe Walter, Laurence de Viguerie, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MALDI-TOF, Diterpenoid, Vernis, Sandarac, Acide communique, Varnish, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Diterpénoïde, Sandaraque, GC-MS, ESI - Orbitrap, RMN
Abstract: The chemical composition of sandarac resin and its principal component communic acid was investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), MALDI-TOF (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization - Time of Flight), ESI (Electrospray ionization)-Orbitrap, FTIR/ATR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy/Attenuated total reflectance), liquid- and solid state NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy. Six compounds with labdane and pimarane skeletons were identified in the commercial resin. The obtained mass spectra were interpreted and the mass spectrometric behaviour of these diterpenoids under EI conditions was described. Quantitative analysis by the method of internal standard revealed that identified diterpenoids represent only 10–30% of the analysed sample. The complexity of the reticulated fraction of the commercial sandarac resin was well reflected by the MALDI-TOF and ESI-Orbitrap mass spectra. As a result, MALDI-TOF mass spectra comprised three clusters of peaks in the m/z range of 300–900, and for the ESI-Orbitrap mass spectra contained five clusters of peaks in the m/z range of 300–1100. The peaks in the clusters corresponded to the oxygenated derivatives of the diterpenoids. The results obtained from the IRCP (Inversion Recovery Cross-Polarization) experiments revealed the rigid character of the sandarac resin samples analyzed and justified the hypothesis that the rest of the sample, which could not be quantified by the method of internal standard, would have a polymeric nature.; La composition chimique de la résine sandaraque et de son composant principal l’acide communique a été étudiée par chromatographie en phase gazeuse – spectrométrie de masse (GC-MS), MALDI-TOF (désorption-ionisation laser assistée par matrice - temps de vol), ESI (ionisation par électronébuliseur) - Orbitrap, FTIR/ATR (spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier/réflectance totale atténuée), spectroscopie de RMN (résonance magnétique nucléaire) à l'état solide et liquide. Six composés avec des squelettes labdane et pimarane ont été identifiés dans la résine commerciale. Les spectres de masse obtenus ont été interprétés et le comportement en spectrométrie de masse de ces diterpénoïdes dans les conditions de l’impact électronique a été décrit. L'analyse quantitative par la méthode de l'étalon interne a révélé que les diterpénoïdes identifiés ne représentaient que 10 à 30% de l'échantillon analysé. La complexité de la fraction réticulée de la résine commerciale sandaraque est bien reflétée par les spectres de masse MALDI-TOF et ESI-Orbitrap. En conséquence, les spectres de masse de MALDI-TOF comprenaient trois clusters de pics dans la gamme m/z de 300-900, et ceux d’ESI-Orbitrap contenaient cinq clusters de pics dans la gamme m/z de 300-1100. Les pics dans les clusters correspondent aux dérivés oxygénés des diterpénoïdes. Les résultats obtenus à partir des expériences RMN par IRCP (Inversion Recovery Cross-Polarization) ont révélé le caractère rigide des échantillons de la résine sandaraque analysés et justifiaient l'hypothèse que le reste de l'échantillon, qui ne pouvait être quantifié par la méthode de l'étalon interne, aurait un caractère polymère.
Published: 2017

50. A primordial dialogue between the mineral and the biological worlds

Author: Jaber, Maguy, Laboratoire d'Archéologie Moléculaire et Structurale (LAMS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Published: 2017

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