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1. Biocarbons from microfibrillated cellulose/lignosulfonate precursors: A study of electrical conductivity development during slow pyrolysis

Author

Ying Shao, Didier Chaussy, Chamseddine Guizani, Philippe Grosseau, Davide Beneventi, Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Inst National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département Procédés de Mise en oeuvre des Milieux Granulaires (PMMG-ENSMSE), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Grenoble Alpes - LGP2, Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers [1995-2019] (LGP2 [1995-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019]), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)

Subjects
Materials science, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, General Materials Science, Lignosulfonates, lignocellulosic, Cellulose, Ra, Electrical conductor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Biocarbons, microfibrillated, General Chemistry, pyrolysis, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, cellulose, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical engineering, chemistry, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Pyrolysis
Abstract

International audience; Carbons were elaborated from purely lignocellulosic precursors (Microfibrillated cellulose and Lignosulfonates blends, simplified as MFC/LS blends) by slow pyrolysis (0.2 °C/min) in a large temperature range (400–1200 °C). They were characterized in terms of morphology (scanning electron microscopy), chemical functionalities (infrared spectroscopy), microstructure (Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction) and physical properties (electrical conductivity and density evolution). MFC/LS carbons could achieve high electrical conductivity of 95 S/cm with regard to their low density, i.e.1.14 g/cm3 after pyrolysis at 1000 °C, compared to other biocarbons. The major aim of this work was to understand the electrical conductivity development in MFC/LS-derived biocarbons during the pyrolysis. A descriptive model, based on the progressive conversion of the biomass into conductive engineering carbons and composed of 3 distinct phases, was thus established to illustrate the electrical conductivity development phenomenon.

Published
2018
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2. Use of lignocellulosic materials and 3D printing for the development of structured monolithic carbon materials

Author

Didier Chaussy, Philippe Grosseau, Ying Shao, Davide Beneventi, Chamseddine Guizani, Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers (LGP2 ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Georges Friedel (LGF-ENSMSE), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels (SPIN-ENSMSE), Département Procédés de Mise en oeuvre des Milieux Granulaires (PMMG-ENSMSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Université de Grenoble Alpes - LGP2, Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers ( LGP2 ), Centre Technique du Papier ( CTP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -École Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), UMR 5307 - Laboratoire Georges Friedel ( LGF-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris], Centre Sciences des Processus Industriels et Naturels ( SPIN-ENSMSE ), Département Procédés de Mise en oeuvre des Milieux Granulaires ( PMMG-ENSMSE ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-École des Mines de Saint-Étienne ( Mines Saint-Étienne MSE ), Laboratoire Génie des procédés papetiers [1995-2019] (LGP2 [1995-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019]), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Thixotropy, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Electrical conductivity Energy storage device, 01 natural sciences, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Rheology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Cellulose, Composite material, Porosity, Elastic modulus, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mechanical Engineering, [ SPI.GPROC ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, 3D printing, Carbonization, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Pyrolysis, Bio-sourced material
Abstract

International audience; In the present work, electrically conductive and mechanically resistant carbon structures were elaborated by 3D printing and subsequent pyrolysis using microfibrillated cellulose/lignosulfonate/cellulose powder (labeled as MFC/LS/CP) blends. The processability of MFC/LS/CP slurries by 3D printing was examined by rheological tests in both steady flow and thixotropic modes. The printed MFC/LS/CP pastes were self-standing, provided a high printing definition and were proved to be morphologically stable to air drying and the subsequent pyrolysis. Pyrolysis at a slow rate (0.2 °C/min) to a final temperature ranging between 400 and 1200 °C was used to manufacture MFC/LS/CP carbons. The TGA/DTG was applied to monitor the thermal degradation of MFC/LS/CP materials in blends as well as in a separated form. The resulting carbons were further characterized in terms of morphology, microstructure and physical properties (such as density, electrical conductivity and mechanical strength). At 900 °C, MFC/LS/CP carbons displayed a high electrical conductivity of 47.8 S/cm together with a low density of 0.74 g/cm3 and a porosity of 0.58. They also achieved an elastic modulus of 6.62 GPa. Such interesting electrical and mechanical properties would lead to a promising application of MFC/LS/CP-derived biocarbons in energy storage devices as electrode materials in close future.

Published
2018
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3. Self-Amplification of Solid Friction in Interleaved Assemblies.

Author

Alarcón H, Salez T, Poulard C, Bloch JF, Raphaël É, Dalnoki-Veress K, and Restagno F

Abstract

It is nearly impossible to separate two interleaved phone books when held by their spines. A full understanding of this astonishing demonstration of solid friction in complex assemblies remains elusive. In this Letter, we report on experiments with controlled booklets and show that the force required increases sharply with the number of sheets. A model captures the effect of the number of sheets, their thickness, and the overlapping distance. Furthermore, the data collapse onto a self-similar master curve with one dimensionless amplification parameter. In addition to solving a long-standing familiar enigma, this model system provides a framework with which one can accurately measure friction forces and coefficients at low loads, and that has relevance to complex assemblies from the macro- to the nanoscale.

Published
2016
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