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Resume Introduction Bien que consideree comme une emotion de base, le degout a recu peu d’attention des recherches issues de la psychologie des emotions par rapport a d’autres emotions comme la peur ou la tristesse. Resultats de la litterature De nombreuses donnees empiriques et experimentales suggerent pourtant que le degout joue un role determinant non seulement dans notre capacite a nous adapter a notre environnement mais aussi dans le maintien et le developpement de certains etats psychopathologiques comme les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs. L’objectif de cet article est de presenter, selon une approche epistemologique behavioriste et cognitiviste, une revue narrative des donnees de la litterature concernant le construit du degout, notamment dans ses deux dimensions fondamentales que sont la propension au degout et la sensibilite au degout. Une premiere partie sera consacree a l’acquisition du degout dans le cadre de l’apprentissage evaluatif et pavlovien, nous decrirons ensuite en detail les outils d’evaluation disponibles dans la litterature permettant d’en evaluer les differentes dimensions, puis nous aborderons le continuum de l’experience de degout allant du degout normal au degout pathologique et ciblerons particulierement son role dans les obsessions dysfonctionnelles de contamination et de detresse emotionnelle. Discussion Si, d’un point de vue theorique, la comprehension des mecanismes sous-jacent des reactions de degout pathologique s’ameliore, les propositions de prises en charge permettant d’attenuer ces reactions restent rares. Des pistes nouvelles de prises en charge seront decrites afin de permettre le developpement d’interventions psychologiques empiriquement fondees. Conclusion La reconnaissance d’influences emotionnelles allant au-dela de l’anxiete dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif decoule de l’importance fondamentale d’une approche dimensionnelle de la psychopathologie et la soutien. Les donnees accumulees suggerent que l’inclusion du degout dans les modeles theoriques du trouble obsessionnel compulsif, en particulier dans le TOC de contamination, pourront ainsi ameliorer notre comprehension et le traitement de ce trouble.

International audience; OBJECTIVES:Compared to the general population, psychiatric patients are more exposed to physical illness but have reduced access to care.METHODS:We conducted a descriptive study in Montpellier between November 2011, 2nd and December 2012, 21st. Every Wednesday and Friday, the last two inpatients admitted in the psychiatric post-emergency unit of the University Hospital of Montpellier were assessed by a general practitioner and included in the study. This unit takes care of suicidal patients suffering from mood and/or personality disorders. The general practitioner assessed lifetime somatic history, current somatic comorbidities and medical follow-up for non-psychiatric issues.RESULTS:One hundred patients were included. The sample consisted of 81% women with a mean age of 43 years (18-79 years). The majority of patients had a lifetime history of somatic disease (96%) and was followed by a general practitioner (99%). Six patients had no met general practitioner for at least one year. Dyslipidemia was reported in 32 patients, among those only one patient was on lipid-lowering drug (96.88%). Among patients with impaired dental condition, 29 (55.77%) had not met a dentist for at least one year. Among those with impaired near visual acuity and/or impaired distance visual acuity, 19 (65.52%) had not met an ophthalmologist for at least one year.CONCLUSION:Although detected, somatic comorbidities seem outsourced in psychiatric patients. Greater awareness among different health professionals about the medical care of such patients could improve healthcare management and life expectancy

Objective: To test the efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐i) in Parkinsonʼs Disease (PD) and to evaluate its impact on indices of daytime and psychological functioning. Method: Fifteen patients with insomnia disorder (ID) comorbid to PD were enrolled in a single‐case design with multiple baselines. Total wake time, sleep efficiency, and daytime sleepiness were recorded on a sleep diary. Selfreported measures of insomnia, anxiety and depressive symptoms, health‐related quality of life, and psychological variables perpetuating ID were completed. All patients also underwent a clinical interview for ID diagnosis. Results: CBT‐i was associated with significant changes in sleep variables and ID criteria. Significant positive treatment‐ related effects were also noted for all indices of daytime and psychological functioning, and for variables perpetuating ID. All of these improvements were well maintained at 3‐month follow‐up. Conclusion: CBT‐i is a promising therapeutic avenue for patients with PD.

International audience; In this study, we examine the impact of trust and emotion on a computer-mediated learning situation. Through a modified version of the « Trust Game », we compared two types of environment (Trustful vs Distrustful) in order to determine whether the decision-making processes vary as a function of this contextual factor or depend on the individuals’ initial trust level solely. Several measures were collected while participants were performing the task. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the intrinsic quality of the environment in terms of trust and only a minor effect of individuals’ initial trust level. Thus, these results provide promising lines for future research with the need to deepen our understanding of the link between trust and emotion.; Dans cette étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’impact de la confiance et de l’émotion sur une situation d’apprentissage médiatisé par ordinateur. À travers une version modifiée du « Jeu de la Confiance », nous avons comparé deux types d’environnement (Confiant vs Méfiant) afin de déterminer si les processus de décision mis en œuvre tiennent compte de cette variable contextuelle ou dépendent uniquement du niveau initial de confiance des participants, habituellement désigné sous les termes de confiance généralisée (CG). Des données de nature différente ont été collectées durant la réalisation de la tâche. La confrontation de ces différentes données permet de révéler l’importance de la qualité intrinsèque de l’environnement en matière de confiance et seulement un effet secondaire de la CG. Ces résultats ouvrent ainsi la voie à des recherches futures qui devront creuser le lien entre confiance et émotion.

Objectives : This longitudinal prospective and observational study was designed to identify fatigue trajectories during a 6-month period of chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer, and examine the psychosocial factors predicting these trajectories. Associations between fatigue and survival were also investigated. Methods : A total of 169 patients (Mage = 64.36 years, SD = 10.5) reported their fatigue levels every 2 weeks for 6 months. Psychological variables (anxiety, depression, internal control, and coping) were assessed at baseline. A Growth Mixture Model was used to identify latent trajectories of fatigue, and a multinomial logistic regression tested covariate predictors of patients’ trajectories. Results : Four clinically distinct fatigue trajectories were identified: intense fatigue (6.51%), moderate fatigue (48.52%), no fatigue (33%), and increasing fatigue (11.83%). Fatigue severity was directly associated with overall survival. High depression levels were associated with fatigue severity over time for intense (OR = 1.80 [1.32-2.47]) and for moderate (OR = 1.58 [1.25-2.00]) fatigue, compared to patients reporting no fatigue. Patients who did not report fatigue were better adjusted, and had more resources, such as better internal control over the disease and less emotion-focused coping (guilt and avoidance), than those who reported intense (ORcontrol = 0.77 [0.65-0.92]) or moderate (ORcontrol = 0.89 [0.79-0.99] and ORcoping = 1.13 [1.02-1.24]) fatigue. Conclusion : Fatigue trajectories differed considerably across patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. This first longitudinal study on colorectal cancer patients involving transactional variables suggests that psychosocial interventions should target these specific outcomes, in order to help patients manage their fatigue.

Purpose This study aims to investigate the relationship between a positive leadership style [i.e. authentic leadership (AL)] and nurses’ psychological health (i.e. nurses’ flourishing and satisfaction with work–family balance), including psychological capital (PsyCap) as a mediational variable. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study was conducted with a self-report questionnaire including 1,076 nurses from public and private hospitals in France. Findings Structural equation modeling results revealed that AL is related to nurses’ flourishing and satisfaction with work–family balance and that PsyCap acted as a partial mediator between this leadership style and positive outcomes. Practical implications This research indicated that hospitals can enhance nurses’ psychological health not only in their work but also in their lives in general by improving leaders’ authentic management style and developing PsyCap (e.g. staffing, training and development). Originality/value An original feature of this paper concerns its focus on the mediating role of PsyCap in the relationship between AL and these positive outcomes. Moreover, this study underlined the influence of leadership style on nurses’ psychological health beyond occupational health. The research makes a valuable contribution to the existing AL literature by establishing a new explanatory model of AL and nurses’ psychological health in the French context. It also highlights the interest in developing this leadership style in health-care settings.

International audience; In the past decade, humor in scientific research has become more and more popular providing an increase of data identifying the context in which humor is a promising communication strategy in preventive health messages. To avoid the limits of declarative responses usually recorded in past studies, eye tracker technology offers the possibility to assess and dissect the effects of humor on visual attention. In this brief report, we first attempt to extend the results of previous studies by recording eye movements while participants were exposed to humorous and nonhumorous print health ads dealing with tobacco and alcohol consumption. A secondary purpose is specifically to test the visual attention French women devoted to humorous tobacco preventive ads, the worrying results of recent studies urging to find a way to improve tobacco preventive campaigns. Based on three complementary eye-tracking measures (i.e., total dwell time, fixation count, and revisits), the results showed that humorous health messages were scanned longer and more frequently and revisited more often compared to nonhumorous ones. In addition, humor appeared to reduce smokers' avoidance of preventive tobacco messages. The different pattern of visual exploration confirms that humor is a good strategy to grab attention even of individuals who are involved in the health topic addressed. In short, this paper argues for introducing lightness into a very serious subject, health communication, based on the analysis of eye movement evidence.

Grandiose delusions (GDs) are defined as false beliefs about having an inflated worth, power, or a special identity which are firmly sustained despite undeniable evidence to the contrary. Although it is the second most commonly encountered delusional beliefs, GDs have received little attention. Thus, in this study, we explored the role of future expectations and sensitivity to reward in GDs in schizophrenia (SZ) disorder. In total, 115 SZ patients completed measures of positive and negative symptoms, sensitivity to reward, depression, and a task in which individuals were asked to estimate the probability that positive, negative and neutral events will occur in the future. Correlation and Linear Regression analyses were performed in order to determine whether sensitivity to reward and future expectations are associated with GDs. Regressions showed that hallucinations and future positive expectations were significantly associated with GDs. In conclusion, the present study showed that higher optimism regarding the future might be important psychological processes associated with the maintenance of GDs in SZ patients. Moreover, it is possible that patients experiencing hallucinations may interpret this phenomenon as a kind of special ability or power, resulting in turn in GDs maintenance. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed.

Resume Bien que les protocoles individuels (a cas-unique) semblent etre une methode idoine pour les psychologues praticiens tant ils s’inscrivent parfaitement bien dans la logique de la pratique psychologique basee sur la preuve, leur utilisation demeure quasi-anecdotique en psychologie. Le present article se propose de presenter leurs avantages et de demontrer la facilite de leur mise en place. Une prise en main du logiciel gratuit SCDA pour analyser les donnees d’un protocole cas-unique est proposee. Les principaux aspects relatifs aux resultats d’un protocole cas-unique sont presentes et illustres a travers un exemple concret. La maniere d’integrer ces protocoles dans la pratique clinique est discutee. Il est loisible de croire que ce tutoriel encouragera l’utilisation de cette methode de recherche et d’intervention clinique.

Resume L’accord national interprofessionnel du 19 juin 2013 souligne le role des managers dans la promotion de la qualite de vie au travail. Celle-ci vise conjointement la sante des salaries et la performance de l’entreprise liee a l’engagement. Notre recherche teste l’effet indirect du leadership ethique sur l’engagement affectif et l’epanouissement psychologique via la satisfaction vis-a-vis de l’equilibre entre domaines de vie. Parmi les salaries, 221 ont repondu a un questionnaire. Les resultats indiquent d’une part des liens positifs entre le leadership ethique et l’engagement affectif et l’epanouissement psychologique, et d’autre part le role mediateur de la satisfaction vis-a-vis de l’equilibre entre domaines de vie dans ces deux relations. Nous fournissons des recommandations en vue d’ameliorer la qualite de vie au travail.

International audience; Objective : To investigate the cross-sectional association between personal physical activity (PA) level, Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs toward PA promotion, and PA promotion behavior among smoking cessation advisors.Method : 149 smoking cessation advisors were invited to complete online questionnaires. Hypotheses were tested using Bayesian path analysis.Results : Attitudes and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of smoking cessation advisors were related to PA promotion intentions; intentions were in turn related to PA promotion behaviors. Advisors’ personal PA level was indirectly associated with PA promotion behaviors through PBC and PA promotion intentions.Conclusion : The TPB is a relevant theoretical framework with which to explore determinants of PA promotion behavior among smoking cessation advisors. The PA level of health care professionals may be linked to PA promotion behavior through some TPB constructs.Practice implications : Smoking cessation advisor training should include education on attitude development (e.g., PA benefits on smoking cessation), PBC (e.g., modality of PA prescription) and PA promotion intentions (e.g., goal setting). Smoking cessation advisors should also be encouraged to regularly practice PA in order to improve their PA promotion behaviors.

Study1: Exploratory study of the lived experience of expert patients belonging to an association Objective: Collect and analyze verbatims to allow the emergence of categories in order to understand the work of the disease through interactions with peers Me Objective: Collect and analyze verbatim to allow the emergence of categories Method: Qualitative analysis pragmatic semio Study 2 : Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Patients with Breast Cancer: An Exploratory Study of Social Network Forums Data. Running title: Non-Pharmacological Interventions in Patient with Breast Cancer Abstract: Background: Patients and healthcare professionals are becoming increasingly interested in non-pharmacological interventions (NPI), which can also be called complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). In just a few years, this supportive care has gone from solutions aimed at improving the quality of life to solutions intended to reduce symptoms, supplement oncological treatments and prevent recurrences. Social networks are a major vector for disseminating these practices that are not always disclosed to doctors by patients. An exploration of the content of exchanges on social networks by patients suffering from breast cancer can help to better identify the extent and diversity of these practices. Objective: This study explores the interest of breast cancer patients in NPI-CAM from posts published in health forums and French-language [social media] groups. Methods: The retrospective study is based on a French database of 2 forums and 4 Facebook groups between June 3, 2006 and November 17, 2015.; Etude 1 : Etude exploratoire de l’expérience vécue de patientes expertes appartenant à une association Objectif : Recueillir et analyser les verbatims pour permettre l’émergence de catégories en vue de comprendre le travail de la maladie à travers les interactions avec les Pairs Méthode : Analyse qualitative sémio pragmatique Etude 2 :Interventions non pharmacologiques chez les patientes atteints d'un cancer du sein: une étude exploratoire rétrospective des données des forums de réseaux sociaux. Contexte: Les patients et les professionnels de la santé s'intéressent de plus en plus aux interventions non pharmacologiques (IPN), qui peuvent également être appelées médecine complémentaire et alternative (CAM). En quelques années, ces soins de support sont passés de solutions visant à améliorer la qualité de vie à des solutions destinées à réduire les symptômes, compléter les traitements oncologiques et prévenir les récidives. Les réseaux sociaux sont un vecteur majeur de diffusion de ces pratiques qui ne sont pas toujours révélées aux médecins par les patients. Une exploration du contenu des échanges sur les réseaux sociaux de patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein peut aider à mieux cerner l'étendue et la diversité de ces pratiques. Objectif: Cette étude explore l'intérêt des patientes atteintes d'un cancer du sein pour le NPI-CAM à partir de publications publiées dans des forums sur la santé et des groupes [de médias sociaux] de langue française. Méthodes: L'étude rétrospective est basée sur une base de données française de 2 forums et 4 groupes Facebook entre le 3 juin 2006 et le 17 novembre 2015.

Studies have suggested a dysfunction in oculomotor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). It has been proposed that the Developmental Eye Movement (DEM) test is useful in testing the dyslexics’ (DD) oculomotor behavior during reading, in a simple and indirect manner. The present study aimed at exploring the oculomotor behavior in children with DCD as assessed with the DEM test. Furthermore, we compared children with DCD to children with DD and to children with both DCD and DD in order to investigate the specificity of the oculomotor difficulties, as measured by the DEM test. Results showed that 1) children with DCD presented mild atypical performances at the DEM test (error z-score only), 2) children with DD presented particularly poor performance on the DEM test, and 3) the co-morbid condition (DCD+DD) did not add to the severity of atypical performance obtained on the DEM test. In sum, children with DCD were the less affected according to the DEM test, and children with DD (isolated or comorbid) presented the most atypical performance. Results at the DEM test did not allow making emerge clear oculomotor atypicalities in DCD. We thus conclude that more research using eye-tracking techniques is needed to explore the nature of oculomotor atypicalities in DCD children, to distinguish DD and DCD oculomotor behavior, and to understand the profile of children with dual diagnosis.

International audience; In the domain of the workplace, burnout appears as an important consequence of stressful events experienced by an individual. But how to define it, and what reality does this concept represent? The benefits of optimism, and particularly of an optimistic explanatory style, have also been demonstrated on a set of other variables such as health, performance and resilience. If an optimistic explanatory style is an important variable, what are the relationships that can be observed with burnout? The purpose of this study is to explore the links that exist between explanatory styles and burnout assuming that there are different types of profiles according to the styles of the individuals, whether they are actually optimistic or pessimistic, or neither one nor the other. Through a cluster analysis, the results of this study revealed: 1) the existence of three different profiles of explanatory styles, ranging from optimistic to pessimistic; and 2) it was indeed possible to associate levels of burnout with the profiles of these styles.; Dans le domaine du travail, le burn-out apparaît comme une conséquence importante des événements stressants ressentis par l’individu. Comment le définir ? Quelle réalité recouvre ce concept ? Les bienfaits de l’optimisme, et notamment d’un style explicatif optimiste, ont, par ailleurs, été mis en évidence sur un ensemble d’autres variables comme la santé, la performance ou la résilience. Si un style explicatif optimiste est une variable importante, quelles sont les relations que l’on peut observer avec le burn-out ? L’objet de cette étude est d’étudier les liens qui peuvent exister entre styles explicatifs et burn-out en présumant du fait qu’il existe différents styles chez les individus, selon qu’ils sont effectivement optimistes, ou pessimistes, ou alors ni franchement l’un ni l’autre. Grâce à une analyse en cluster, les résultats de cette étude ont révélé : 1) l’existence de trois différents profils de styles explicatifs allant d’optimiste à pessimiste ; et 2) qu’il était effectivement possible d’associer des niveaux de burn-out à ces profils de styles.

International audience; Objectives: To study the prevalence of burnout among non-health care workers (NHCW), the risk and protective factors and to quantify the risk of burnout.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study on the 3142 NHCW of the University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand. They received a self-assessment questionnaire.Results: Four hundred thirty seven (13.9%) NHCW completed the questionnaires. More than three quarter (75.4%) of NHCW was in burnout, with one in five (18.7%) having a severe burnout. Job demand was the main factor explaining the increase in exhaustion and overinvestment was the main factor explaining the increase in cynicism. Effort-reward imbalance (ERI) multiplied the risk of severe burnout by 11.2, job strain by 3.32 and isostrain by 3.74.Conclusion: NHCW from hospital staff are at high risk of burnout. The two major models of stress at work, the job demand-control-support and the ERI, were highly predictive of burnout, with strong dose-response relationships.

Background Fatigue is a well-known common clinical feature of numerous chronic diseases including various forms of cancer, neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis, and psychiatric disorders. A significant proportion of people with schizophrenia (30–60%) reportedly experience fatigue, which impacts negatively on participation in various activities, including work, study, leisure, and social pursuits. Causes of fatigue in schizophrenia are poorly understood and there are no established treatments. Several evidence-based interventions for fatigue syndrome including psychoeducation, cognitive behavioral therapy, and graded exercise therapy have been shown to be effective in other medical conditions and could be adapted to address fatigue in schizophrenia patients. As there are no psychosocial or pharmacological interventions with proved efficacy for fatigue in schizophrenia, there is an urgent need for the development of strategies to improve fatigue management in schizophrenia. The aim of this project is to evaluate in a single blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy of a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on fatigue as the main outcome in schizophrenia patients. Clinical symptoms, physical functioning, major cognitive functions, quality of life and functioning, treatment dosage, daily motor activity, biological markers with inflammatory markers are also considered as secondary outcomes. Methods/design Two hundred patients meeting the inclusion criteria will be randomized to either of the study arms (intervention or TAU). The ENERGY intervention will be delivered according to a standardized treatment manual comprising six modules addressing fatigue and sleep over 14 individual therapy sessions. The treatment encompasses core CBT principles of psycho-education, behavioral activation, behavioral experiments, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and relapse prevention. Sessions will follow the traditional CBT structure of agenda setting, review of homework tasks, and introduction of a new concept/technique with collaborative discussions on how to implement such strategies in the participant’s day-to-day environment. Our primary endpoint will be the severity of fatigue assessed at baseline and at the 9-month follow-up using the “Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory” (MFI). Discussion The trial will provide the first test of CBT intervention for fatigue for patients with schizophrenia. This study will also test to what extent the treatment can be implemented in everyday practice. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.govNCT04332601. Registered on 10 April 2020.

Connaître les publications d’études comparatives sur les INM en prévention et soin des cancers; International audience; Les professionnels de la lutte contre le cancer recourent de plus en plus aux interventions non médicamenteuses (INM). Elles se distinguent des médecines alternatives, des pratiques socioculturelles et des campagnes de santé publique (Ninot, 2019). Ces méthodes ciblées et personnalisées s'intègrent dans le parcours de soin oncologique. Elles sont fondées sur la science, et en particulier sur des études interventionnelles (Ninot, 2020). Elles visent à (1) atténuer les symptômes du cancer et de ses traitements (fatigue, anxiété, douleur…), (2) prévenir la survenue ou la récidive d'un cancer, (3) prévenir des comorbidités, (4) améliorer l'état général de santé et la qualité de vie, (5) et à augmenter la durée de vie sans perte de qualité de vie. De nombreux chercheurs constatent des difficultés à identifier les publications d'études interventionnelles sur les INM dans la littérature (HAS, 2011). Les principales bases de données mondiales sont spécialisées dans une approche disciplinaire (biomédicale pour Pubmed, psychologique pour PsyInfo…), alors que par essence les INM font appel à des mécanismes biopsychosociaux et des contenus associant plusieurs composants (techniques, ingrédients…). Par ailleurs, la transformation numérique de l'édition scientifique ces 10 dernières années a diversifié l'offre de publication d'articles (Open Journals, Archive Ouverte…) de telle manière que de nombreuses études et publications échappent aux bases de données classiques. Ce système inédit, dédié à la prévention des cancers et aux soins de support en oncologie, et spécifique aux INM, se nomme INMCancer.

International audience; santé et du social travaillant avec des personnes de plus de 60 ans recourent de plus en plus aux pratiques non pharmacologiques (Ballard et al., 2011; Gow et al., 2012). Ces méthodes ciblées et personnalisées sont nommées par les scientifiques des interventions non médicamenteuses (INM). Elles se distinguent des médecines alternatives, des pratiques socio-culturelles et des messages promotionnels de santé publique (Ninot, 2019). Les INM sont des méthodes psychologiques, corporelles, manuelles, numériques, nutritionnelles ou élémentaires (Fig. 1). Elles sont non invasives et complémentaires des autres approches (Fig. 2). Elles sont fondées sur la science et en particulier sur des études interventionnelles (Fig. 3). Elles ont pour objectifs (1) de soulager des symptômes, (2) de prévenir des maladies, (3) d'augmenter l'autonomie, (4) de renforcer l'état de santé, (5) d'améliorer la qualité de vie, (6) et de prolonger la vie sans perte de qualité de vie (successful aging). De nombreux chercheurs et praticiens signalaient des difficultés à identifier les études comparatives (aussi appelées interventionnelles ou cliniques) pertinentes évaluant les bénéfices et les risques des INM pour mieux vieillir (Hoffmann et al., 2013; Ninot, 2019). Une équipe de la Plateforme universitaire CEPS a pensé un système numérique à cette fin.

International audience; font de plus en plus appel aux interventions non médicamenteuses (INM). Elles se distinguent des médecines alternatives, des pratiques socioculturelles et des messages promotionnels de santé publique (Ninot, 2019). Ces méthodes sont ciblées et personnalisées. Selon la Plateforme CEPS (2017), une INM « est une intervention non invasive et non pharmacologique sur la santé humaine fondée sur la science. Elle vise à prévenir, soigner ou guérir un problème de santé. Elle se matérialise sous la forme d'un produit, d'une méthode, d'un programme ou d'un service dont le contenu doit être connu de l'usager. Elle est reliée à des mécanismes biologiques et/ou des processus psychologiques identifiés. Elle fait l'objet d'études d'efficacité. Elle a un impact observable sur des indicateurs de santé, de qualité de vie, comportementaux et socioéconomiques. Sa mise en oeuvre nécessite des compétences relationnelles, communicationnelles et éthiques ». Les INM sont classées de la manière suivante

Connaître les publications d’études comparatives sur les INM en prévention et soin des cancers; International audience; Les professionnels de la lutte contre le cancer recourent de plus en plus aux interventions non médicamenteuses (INM). Elles se distinguent des médecines alternatives, des pratiques socioculturelles et des campagnes de santé publique (Ninot, 2019). Ces méthodes ciblées et personnalisées s'intègrent dans le parcours de soin oncologique. Elles sont fondées sur la science, et en particulier sur des études interventionnelles (Ninot, 2020). Elles visent à (1) atténuer les symptômes du cancer et de ses traitements (fatigue, anxiété, douleur…), (2) prévenir la survenue ou la récidive d'un cancer, (3) prévenir des comorbidités, (4) améliorer l'état général de santé et la qualité de vie, (5) et à augmenter la durée de vie sans perte de qualité de vie. De nombreux chercheurs constatent des difficultés à identifier les publications d'études interventionnelles sur les INM dans la littérature (HAS, 2011). Les principales bases de données mondiales sont spécialisées dans une approche disciplinaire (biomédicale pour Pubmed, psychologique pour PsyInfo…), alors que par essence les INM font appel à des mécanismes biopsychosociaux et des contenus associant plusieurs composants (techniques, ingrédients…). Par ailleurs, la transformation numérique de l'édition scientifique ces 10 dernières années a diversifié l'offre de publication d'articles (Open Journals, Archive Ouverte…) de telle manière que de nombreuses études et publications échappent aux bases de données classiques. Ce système inédit, dédié à la prévention des cancers et aux soins de support en oncologie, et spécifique aux INM, se nomme INMCancer.

Background: Sun exposure has short- and long-term adverse effects on eyes, skin, and the immune system. The most serious effect, melanoma, is largely attributable to natural ultraviolet radiation. Its prevalence is steadily increasing in fair-skinned populations in most European countries. Despite annual prevention campaigns, the French population continues to be overexposed to the sun and under-protected. Social and psychosocial characteristics may play an important role in sun protection determinants. Overexposure is partially motivated by a desire to tan oneself for aesthetic reasons. During summer, intense exposure constitutes a major risk factor for melanoma, making tourists a particularly high-risk population. Literature reviews concluded that appearance-based interventions highlighting the aesthetic effects of sun exposure on skin photoaging showed promise in terms of improving sun-exposure and sun-protection behaviors, especially among younger people, but that more rigorous studies were needed. In this context, we implemented the PRISME study to: - identify the determinants, in particular social and psychosocial, of sun-protection of French summer tourists visiting the Mediterranean coastline; - design two prevention interventions grounded in psychosocial theories; - compare the impact of both interventions on tourists' sun-protection behaviors, and identify the determinants influencing this impact. This paper presents the methodology of the PRISME study. Methods: During summer 2019, we conducted a cluster randomized crossover trial to compare two prevention interventions, one based on health-related messages (health effects information, phototype calculation), the other on appearance-related messages (photoaging information, ultraviolet photography), among French tourists aged 12-55 years old in coastline campsites in the French region of Occitanie. Both interventions were anchored in the theory of planned behavior and in the transtheoretical model. The interventions' impact was measured using face-to-face questionnaires and skin color measurements both immediately before and 4 days after the interventions. A second follow-up, using an online questionnaire, will be conducted in September 2020 to measure the longer-term effects of both interventions. Discussion: Despite certain study limitations, PRISME take into consideration several known methodological gaps. The study's results will enable to evaluate the efficacy of the promising appearance-based approach in France, and to identify vulnerable sub-populations and mechanisms to improve sun-protection behaviors of French tourists.

Introduction Nous avons cherche a realiser une revue systematisee de la litterature et une meta-analyse sur le risque de suicide chez les professionnels de sante. Methode Les recherches ont ete effectuees dans les bases de donnees PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct et Embase jusqu’en avril 2019 avec les mots-cles suivants: suicide* AND (« health-care worker* » OR physician* OR nurse*). Quand il etait possible, nous avons stratifie les Resultats par sexe, zones geographiques, periodes et specialites. Resultats Un total de 61 articles ont ete inclus. Le SMR global des suicides etait 1,44 (95CI 1,16, 1,72) avec une heterogeneite importante (I2 = 94 %, p Conclusion Les medecins sont a risque de suicide, specialement les femmes. Le taux de suicide diminue avec le temps, specifiquement en Europe. La prevalence elevee des medecins ayant fait une tentative de suicide ou de ceux ayant eu des idees suicidaires devraient servir a mettre en place des strategies preventives. Enfin l’absence de donnee sur les autres professionnels de sante, suggere un besoin d’investigations.

International audience

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Introduction: To explain motivational difficulties in schizophrenia (SZ), attention has focused on the reward system and effort-based decision-making deficits. However, according to motivational in...

International audience; Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often persists into adulthood. However, few screening tools have been adaptedto assess adult ADHD using the DSM-5 criteria. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of a French version of the ADHDSelf-Report Screening for DSM-5 (ASRS-5). This multicentric cross-sectional study included 557 participants: 309 adult ADHDoutpatients without bipolar disorder (BD)/borderline personality disorder (BPD) (n = 236) or with BD/BPD (n = 36) and 285adults without ADHD who were either healthy volunteers (n = 248) or outpatients with BD or BPD (n = 37). Measures includedADHD diagnosis and the ASRS-5. The ASRS-5 was a good predictor of ADHD diagnosis (cut-off score ! 13/24: sensitivity =84.3%, specificity = 91.9%) in the sample of adult outpatients without comorbid disorders/healthy controls. Performances werelower with this cut-off score in some subgroups, notably low-severity ADHD symptomatology (sensitivity = 63.5%) and participantswith BD or BPD (sensitivity = 91.7%, specificity = 54.1%). The French ASRS-5 had acceptable screening properties,even if its performance varied according to clinical variables. Further evidence is needed for patients with comorbid disordershaving overlapping symptoms.

Objective Misestimation of cognitive functioning has been largely described in individuals with schizophrenia. There is large evidence that correlations between subjectively assessed cognitive functioning and objectively determined cognitive functioning are weak in non clinical individuals and may be more closely related to other psychoaffective or clinical factors than to objective neuropsychological functioning. Surprisingly, no study to date has compared the associations between cognitive complaint and objective measures of cognitive functioning in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. The main objective of this study was to 1) compare cognitive complaint between individuals with schizophrenia and non clinical controls, 2) explore the relationships between cognitive complaint and psychoaffective and clinical factors in the clinical group and 3) compare the relationships between subjective awareness of cognitive functioning and objective neuropsychological assessment in individuals with schizophrenia and non-clinical participants. Method In this study 30 individuals with schizophrenia and 20 non-clinical matched controls were included. In addition to objective cognitive measures and subjective cognition assessed by the Subjective Scale To Investigate Cognition In Schizophrenia, measures of psychotic symptoms, depression, and anxiety were included. Results Schizophrenia patients reported higher cognitive complaints in comparison with controls. In individuals with schizophrenia, cognitive complaint subscores were differently associated with depression, anxiety, and negative symptoms. When depression was controlled for, the same number of correlations between self-rated measures of cognition and objective measures of cognition were found in both groups, but accuracy of self-assessment of cognition was lower in the schizophrenia group.When the schizophrenia group was divided into a high cognitive complaint group (SZ High CC) and a low cognitive complaint group (SZ Low CC), findings indicated that self-assessment of cognition in the SZ high CC was highly accurate (correlations with large effect sizes). By contrast the SZ low CC group severely misjudge their cognition. Conclusion A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia can accurately estimate their cognitive skills. Self-awareness of cognitive deficits in individuals with schizophrenia is an heterogenous phenomenon and misestimation of cognitive functioning might have been overestimated, partly due to secondary psychoaffective factors. Caution is warranted before jumping to the conclusion that all individuals with schizophrenia misjudge their cognitive functioning.

International audience; L'objectif de cette étude est d'analyser la coordination interpersonnelle chez les patients schizophrènes (SZ) en utilisant un robot humanoïde contrôlé par un modèle neuronal entraîné par le mouvement humain et capable de se synchroniser sur ce dernier. L'utilisation d'un robot présente l'avantage de pouvoir être modifié et contrôlé sans être influencé par les patients comme le serait un humain. Plus spécifiquement, nous nous sommes intéressés aux coordinations non-intentionnelles qui sont, d'après la littérature, préservées chez les SZ. Nous avons réalisé une expérience dans laquelle il a été demandé aux patients et aux sujets contrôles, d'exécuter des mouvements de fitness conjointement avec le robot qui était soit synchronisé de façon bidirectionnelle aux sujets soit à fréquence fixe (uni-directionnel). Nous montrons ainsi dans cette étude que les patients SZ présentent des difficultés à être stable à un rythme donné. De plus, nos résultats montrent que dans le cadre spécifique d'une interaction à la fréquence préférentielle des sujets, il y a peu de différence entre SZ et contrôles en terme de capacité de synchronisation (coordination interpersonnelle). Aussi, la meilleure synchronisation, la meilleure stabilité ainsi que la meilleure performance en termes de vitesse ont été obtenus avec la condition bidirectionnelle.

Background Few rehabilitation methods have proven their efficacy in increasing sensori-motor recovery and/or function of the upper limb (UL) after stroke. Video games (VGs) are promising tools in this indication. Objective To compare UL rehabilitation by using VGs and conventional rehabilitation (CR) in patients with sub-acute stroke. Design Single-blind, multicentric trial, with central randomization and stratification by center. Setting Physical and rehabilitation medicine departments of 2 university hospitals. Participants Adults within 3 months after a first vascular cerebral accident, with UL Fugl Meyer Score (UL-FMS) Intervention A 45-min additional session of conventional occupational therapy (OT) or a VG-based OT session as add-on therapy to usual rehabilitation programs, 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome: UL-FMS. Secondary outcome: Box and Block Test (BBT), Wolf Motor Function test (WMFT), Motor Activity Log (MAL), Barthel Index and quality of life (SF-36). Results We included 51 patients (20 women) at a mean (SD) of 27.2 (19.4) days post-stroke (mean age 58 years [range 24–83]), 26 in the CR group and 25 in the VG group (23 in each group at 6-month follow-up). The mean duration of the additional rehabilitation session was similar in both groups: 29.3 (4.3) vs 28.0 (4.4) min in CR and VG groups. Shoulder pain occurred in 4 patients in the VG group versus 7 in the CR group. At day 45, gain in UL-FMS did not significantly differ between the groups (CR mean 17.8 [14.6] vs VG 24.1 [14.8]; P = 0.10), whereas gain in BBT was doubled in the VG group (CR 7.4 [12.2] vs VG 15.7 [16.3]; P = 0.02). At 6-month follow-up, the study was inconclusive about between-group differences in UL-FMS, BBT and other criteria. Post-hoc analysis showed that gains in UL-FMS or BBT were significantly higher in the VG than CR group for patients included within 30 days post-stroke. Conclusion In general, we cannot conclude that video gaming and conventional OT led to different long-term sensorimotor recovery of the UL after sub-acute stroke. However, when applied within the first month after stroke, video gaming was more efficient than conventional rehabilitation on both sensorimotor recovery and gross grasping function. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01554449 ).

Resume Notre travail a consiste a recenser, dans la litterature scientifique en psychologie du travail et des organisations et en management, les differentes approches theoriques et modelisations du concept de comportements proactifs et plus largement, celui de la proactivite. Le concept de proactivite est, dans un premier temps, aborde comme une variable interindividuelle et dispositionnelle impliquant des traits de personnalite. Dans un second temps, nous developpons plus precisement les comportements proactifs et leurs differentes caracteristiques. De facon complementaire, nous exposons les elements environnementaux favorisant ou non l’initiation et le maintien de comportements proactifs (latitude decisionnelle, autonomie et style de leadership transformationnel). Enfin, nous discutons des limites et des avantages a faire usage de ce type de comportements en milieu organisationnel. Nous concluons ce travail par diverses propositions de recherches sur la variabilite du niveau de proactivite et sur les possibilites d’acquisition des comportements proactifs.

International audience; The purpose of this paper is to test the main hypothesis that the endorsement of neoliberal ideology, comprising beliefs and values such as personal responsibility and hedonism, is negatively associated with the engagement in the Yellow Vest (YV) movement. In a first study (N = 489), analysis of qualitative data shows that most of the YV movement grievances are system challenging. Furthermore, consistent with our hypotheses, the more participants endorsed neoliberal ideology, the less they perceived inequalities against the lower and middle classes, the less angry they felt in the face of such inequalities, the less they identified with the Yellow Vests and finally, the less they engaged in the Yellow Vest movement. In Study 2 (N = 201), the relationship between neoliberal ideology, measured in a different way, and engagement in the movement was replicated amongst a sample of participants who support the YV movement. Moreover, it appeared that this relationship was mediated by a greater sense of personal control, leading to a higher level of system justification. In fact, neoliberal ideology appears to enhance personal control, giving them a heightened sense that the system is just and legitimate. This perception, in turn, appears to undermine the politicized identification with the Yellow Vest and as a consequence, engagement in the movement.

International audience; ObjectivesResearch has shown that sleep disturbances can negatively influence the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). More specifically, poor sleep quality is strongly related to the clinical activity of the disease. Nevertheless, some patients suffer from sleep disorders even when the disease is clinically inactive. Psychological factors, such as depression and anxiety, are also known to contribute to poor sleep quality. Depression and anxiety are common in chronic diseases. In addition, while the link between depression or anxiety and sleep disorders is well-known, the link between sleep disorders and inflammation has only been studied recently. Sleep studies in IBD patients have generally excluded patients with clinically diagnosed depression or anxiety in order to neutralize their effects on the relationship between inflammation and sleep disorders. Nevertheless, there is no consensus on the relationship between depression and anxiety and the clinical activity of the disease. When a patient with chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease here) complains of fatigue or poor sleep, the subjective aspects of these complaints therefore lead the clinician to consider them simply as: a characteristic of IBD, exhaustion related to the chronicity of the disease, unsatisfactory sleep quality, a manifestation of a depressive mood, or a consequence of an anxious state. When a patient reports a subjective complaint of poor sleep or fatigue in a complex, multi-determined clinical situation, it can thus be difficult to identify its most likely cause and to establish the best possible therapeutic intervention.Patients, materials and methodsThe aim of this work was to determine which element (disease activity, inflammation, depression, anxiety) is most closely related to sleep disorders in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) referred for outpatient psychological assessment. Ninety-seven patients with CD participated in this study. Their mean age was 34.70 (± 10.85) years. They were asked about their sleep (IQSP, ISI, ESD) and mood (HADS). They also provided details of clinical disease activity (Harvey–Bradshaw Index) and inflammation (CRP). In order to determine the nature and extent of the relationship between the variables, Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated, supplemented by multiple regression analyses to determine the variables that could explain the sleep disorders.ResultsThe results show that sleep quality (IQSP) was significantly predicted by the Harvey–Bradshaw score (β = 0.21; β standardized = 0.24; t = 2.6; P = 0.01) and depression (β = 0.45; β standardized = 0.41; t = 4.55; P < 0.001). The Harvey–Bradshaw score (β = 26; β standardized = 2; t = 2.27; P = 0.026) and depression score (β = 75; β standardized = 47; t = 5.34; P < 0.001) were related to the insomnia score (ISI). Finally, daytime sleepiness (DSA) was predicted by the depression score (β = 42; β standardized = 432; t = 3.17; P = 0.002) and by the CRP (β = − 0.05; β standardized = − 0.21; t = − 2.13; P = 0.036). The results show that the severity of clinical activity of the disease was associated with poor sleep quality and insomnia. However, there was a stronger association between the intensity of depression and sleep disturbances than between these variables and clinical disease activity. It therefore seems important that sleep disorders and their management should be considered first from the perspective of depression. However, it is important that CD is not assumed to be the sole cause of depression: other factors (dispositional or situational) should also be taken into consideration. Nevertheless, while our results show a weaker link between inflammation and sleep disorders than other studies, they confirm the link between sleep disorders and disease activity.ConclusionsIn order to predict the likelihood and nature of relapses, it seems important that future research should take into account not only disease activity and inflammation, but also disorders of arousal and nocturnal awakenings experienced by the patient.; Des travaux récents ont montré que les troubles du sommeil avaient des conséquences négatives sur la condition médicale des maladies inflammatoires comme les Maladies Inflammatoires Chroniques de l’Intestin. En plus de l’activité clinique de la maladie, les troubles du sommeil sont fréquemment associés à la dépression et l’anxiété qui sont par ailleurs fréquentes au cours des maladies chroniques. Lorsqu'un patient se plaint d’avoir un mauvais sommeil ou de fatigue, sa situation étant complexe et multidéterminée, il peut être difficile d'identifier sa cause la plus probable et d'établir la meilleure intervention thérapeutique possible. L’objectif de ce travail était de déterminer quelles étaient les variables les plus discriminantes des perturbations du sommeil. Quatre-vingt-dix-sept patients atteints d’une maladie de Crohn (CD) consultant en ambulatoire et se plaignant d’être fatigués ont été interrogés sur leur sommeil (IQSP, ISI, échelle de somnolence diurne) et leur humeur (HADS). Ils ont aussi rapporté les informations concernant l’activité clinique de la maladie (indice de Harvey-Bradshaw) et la CRP (inflammation). Les résultats montrent un lien plus faible entre l'inflammation et les troubles du sommeil que d'autres études mais ils confirment le lien entre les troubles du sommeil et l'activité de la maladie. Dans une activité de pratique psychologique, l’évaluation des troubles du sommeil pourrait constituer une approche commune au médecin et au psychologue, pour la prise en charge des patients atteints de CD et de leurs symptômes associés. Afin de prédire la probabilité et la nature des rechutes, il semble important que les futures recherches prennent en compte non seulement l'activité de la maladie et l'inflammation, mais aussi les troubles de l'éveil et les réveils des patients.

International audience; Addiction transfer from alcohol to sugar has been demonstrated in the alcohol postdependent state model in rats. To assess whether changes in sugar intake and craving can occur during alcohol withdrawal in humans we conducted a prospective, observational study in a university hospital addictions treatment center. Recruited patients had severe alcohol use disorder, were hospitalized for 7 days in the short-stay unit for alcohol withdrawal and then for 6 weeks in the rehabilitation unit. During the hospital stay, they had no access to alcohol but had full access to sweet products and beverages in a shop and vending machines located inside the hospital. Alcohol craving was assessed using a visual analogue scale on days 1, 15 and 45. Sugar craving, sweet products stored by patients in their rooms and weight were assessed on the same days. Thirty-five patients were included. Sugar craving increased in 14 patients during the hospital stay while no change was observed in the remaining 21. Significant increases in both the amounts of sweet products stored in the patients' rooms (p

International audience; ObjectivesAcademic burnout is a major public health issue, especially among PhD students who are particularly vulnerable to the syndrome. Although early identification of burnout would prevent its effects on mental health and academic performance, the validation of such instrument in French adapted to the specificities of PhD students still had to be established.Materiel and methods This study proposes the validation of a PhD student academic burnout scale (MBI-SS-D) adapted from the French version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Survey (MBI-SS). No less than 1150 PhD students from more than ten courses in France answered the online questionnaire. There were still 862 of them at the retest 6 months later.ResultsExploratory and confirmatory factorial analyses at both times irremediably confirmed the three-dimensional structure of burnout (emotional exhaustion, cynicism, academic self-efficacy). The alpha and omega indices close to.80 and the split-half coefficients between.70 and.89 reinforced this observation. In addition, the metric and structural invariance tests proved the high test-retest stability of MBI-SS-D up to the most stringent criterion. Regarding divergent validity, the burnout measure was negatively related to both optimism (Rs = − .41; P < .001) and resilience (Rs = − .32; P < .001).ConclusionsThe MBI-SS-D shows real psychometric qualities. It is currently the only French-language tool that provides a valid measure of academic burnout for research or clinical practice purposes among PhD students.; ObjectifsL’épuisement académique est un problème majeur de santé publique, a fortiori chez les étudiants en thèse qui font figure de population particulièrement vulnérable au syndrome. Si un repérage précoce du burnout préviendrait ses effets sur la santé mentale et la performance académique, la validation d’un tel instrument en langue française adapté aux particularités des doctorants restait encore à établir.Matériel et méthodesLa présente étude propose la validation d’une échelle d’épuisement académique doctorant (la MBI-SS-D) adaptée de la version française de la Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS). Pas moins de 1150 doctorants issus de plus d’une dizaine de cursus en France ont répondu au questionnaire en ligne. Ils étaient encore 862 au retest six mois plus tard.RésultatsLes analyses factorielles exploratoires et confirmatoires aux deux temps ont invariablement permis de retrouver la structure tridimensionnelle du burnout (épuisement émotionnel, cynisme, auto-efficacité académique). Les indices alpha et oméga proches de .80 et les coefficients split-half entre .70 et .89 renforçaient cette observation. Par ailleurs, les tests d’invariance métrique et structurale prouvaient la grande stabilité test-retest du MBI-SS-D jusqu’au critère le plus strict. Concernant la validité divergente, la mesure du burnout était liée négativement avec aussi bien l’optimisme (rs = − .41 ; p < .001) que la résilience (rs = − .32 ; p < .001).ConclusionsLe MBI-SS-D démontre de réelles qualités psychométriques. Il constitue à l’heure actuelle le seul outil en langue française permettant une mesure valide de l’épuisement académique à des fins de recherche ou de pratique clinique chez les doctorants.

International audience; Alors que les budgets dans les sections de Recherche et Développement en entreprise augmentent d’année en année, il convient de se demander si les stratégies utilisées pour développer la créativité sont réellement efficaces. Bien souvent en entreprise, le travail créatif se fait dans le cadre de collaboration en équipes où sont réunis des individus provenant d’horizons différents, que ce soit sur des aspects démographiques (par ex., l’âge) ou plus discrets (par ex., l’éducation). Si la raison évidente de cette mixité est de promouvoir et de confronter une pluralité des regards sur le problème posé, les données issues de la littérature scientifique laissent paraître un enthousiasme plus réservé. Dans cette revue théorique, nous proposons de récapituler les grandes lignes de l’histoire scientifique de la créativité et notamment de son attribution au seul domaine des capacités de l’individu, pour aboutir à une prise en compte de l’environnement social (Amabile, 1983). Nous traiterons ensuite de l’application de ce changement de perspective au travers d’un questionnement sur la gestion de la diversité quand un effort créatif collectif est attendu. L’objectif poursuivi étant de mettre en relief l’importance de moduler la stratégie de gestion de l’équipe en fonction des étapes d’avancement du projet créatif, selon qu’il soit attendu de produire quelque chose de nouveau, en début de projet, ou quelque chose d’utile, en fin de projet

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International audience; This article focuses on the acceptability of relocation of the goods the most exposed due to sea level rise, and this increasingly recommended strategy to reduce coastal vulnerability. However, the implementation of these measures raises significant individual and political resistance. The themes of this research relate specifically to the role of communication and to trust in the institutions responsible for implementing this measure. Communication has to be designed in a way to decrease distortions in individuals’ risk perception and to help improving quality of the governance of the adaptation to coastal flooding due to sea level rise. We conducted a questionnaire among 782 French coastal residents to deal with these two main dimensions of the acceptability of relocation. Firstly, we question the conditions for a favourable communication strategy by estimating the differentiated impact of communication using fear or conversely humour. Secondly, we study trust in institutions in charge of the implementation of relocation policies with several criteria of governance quality. Our results underline that humour-based communication has the comparative advantage of inducing a stronger emotional response in terms of stimulating interest and thought. Furthermore, the survey highlighted the influence of governance quality. These results confirm the decisive role of governance mechanisms for the acceptability of relocation. They also suggest a need for ongoing support to awareness-raising measures taking into account, among other psychological factors, the need for people to feel that they have some control over implemented measures.

Background: Medical-related professions are at high suicide risk. However, data are contradictory and comparisons were not made between gender, occupation and specialties, epochs of times. Methods: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on suicide risk among health-care workers, were searched in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct and Embase databases without language restriction on April 2019. We stratified results by gender, countries, time, and specialties. Estimates were pooled using random-effect meta-analysis. Differences by study-level characteristics were estimated using stratified meta-analysis and meta-regression. Information on suicides, suicidal attempts, and suicidal ideation, and related-characteristics were retrieved from national or local specific registers or case records. In addition, suicide attempts and suicidal ideation were also retrieved from questionnaires (paper or internet). Findings: The overall SMR for suicide in physicians was 1.44 (95CI 1.16, 1.72) with an important heterogeneity (I2=93.9%, p

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Because virtual reality seems to be increasingly considered in different medical fields, the objective of this study is to define the optimal conditions for its use in a population of elderly women with breast cancer. By using a questionnaire, we evaluated the interest but also the immersive aspirations and preferences of elderly women with regard to this innovative device, taking into account the possible changes with age (60-65 years; 66-69, 70 and over). Surprisingly, older people - whatever the age group - are particularly favorable to virtual reality without actually having experienced it. The patients primarily chose immersion in a natural environment (with a marked preference for mountain landscapes) accompanied by musical background or even guided relaxation. However, because they judged important to remain focused on the treatments, the patients especially expect VR to regulate their negative emotions (lowering anxiety) and to allow them to escape from the painful contingencies of the real. Thus, virtual reality must take them into a magical world, which is more salient than to distract them or make them laugh. The distracting power, commonly associated with VR, does not seem to be the most popular reason to use with seniors facing medical care.

International audience; Most individuals with schizophrenia will be confronted with some form of stigma. In recent years, clinicians and family members have increasingly contested the term "schizophrenia". Many of them discuss changing this name, as a means to fight stigma. Up until now, surprisingly, most research has been conducted using self-reports and behavioral research is lacking. The aim of our study was to assess through an experimental design if the term "schizophrenia" itself modifies social behaviours. Forty participants were asked to engage in a synchronization task with a dot displayed on a screen and moved by another person. Non-clinicians participants had to synchronize their movements as accurately as possible with either a "schizophrenia" patient, a patient with "neuro-emotional integration disorder" or a "healthy" subject, kept out of sight. Each condition was counterbalanced between participants. In fact, the movements of the dot were pre-recorded (five trajectories) and were therefore identical for all three conditions. Measuring the error between the displayed and performed trajectories, participants exhibited more errors when they thought they were interacting with a patient in comparison to the "healthy" subject. Post-hoc analysis revealed an even higher difference between "schizophrenia" and "healthy" conditions. Altogether, our results show a significant behavioral impact of the term "schizophrenia" with possibly negative consequences on social interactions. The effect of changing the name reduces this impact but remains unclear.

International audience; Background. Since 2006, at the Faculty of Sport Sciences of Montpellier, to train students in the use of sportive video analysis with general and specific software, students must build 4 specific applications. These ICT skills are part of those defined by the Ministry of Higher Education, and the feature of these applications is the use of "delayed videos" analysis. Their learning journey is supported by on line tutorials. To consider the ever-increasing efficiency of new technologies and go further in video analysis, we have added a step (a fifth application): the use of "live videos" analysis excluding the backtracking of video. The benefits of this type of work can help decision-making in everyday life and therefore concern the world of sport.Problem. The purpose of this work was to observe students analyzing a recorded video sequence excluding video backtracking, as if they were live, as a coach. The feasibility conditions of such an experiment led us to study a judo combat by appreciating or estimating the interactions between different criteria as a coach.Method. After training, Masters students (n=12), who specialized in the video analysis and in judo performance, analyzed (they studied three times the same combat) the balance of power (subjective criterion) between two judokas. The process required the student observers to identify whether a judoka was "dominant, i.e.: in a favorable organization to win" or "dominated" whilst managing his/her actions in "programmed/conscious" or "automatic, i.e.: reflex organization" modes. Nonparametric Kolmogorov Smirnov and Wilcoxon tests were used to analyze the data collected by the students.Conclusions. These tests indicated that the analyses were identical and stable at the intra-observer (p=[0.095: 0.999], p=[0.219: 1.0]) and group levels (p=0.224; p=0.406). We propose to include this methodology of analyze in Masters' students training programs and develop these live analyses for coachs, teachers or referees.

International audience; Apathy is a frequent and debilitating condition with few treatment options available in schizophrenia patients. Despite evidence of its multidimensional structure, most of past studies have explored apathy through a categorical approach. The main objective of this study was to identify the cognitive, emotional, motivational, and clinical factors at baseline that best predicted the three subtypes of apathy dimensions at follow-up. In a longitudinal study, 137 participants diagnosed with schizophrenia underwent different assessments including clinical, motivational, affective and cognitive measurements, at 1-month (referred to as baseline) and 12-month follow-ups. Data were analyzed using partial least squares variance-based structural equation modeling. Three latent variables representing the three previously described domains of apathy reaching consensus in the literature were extracted from the Lille Apathy Rating Scale. Results showed that in addition to baseline apathy, positive symptoms, anticipatory pleasure and sensibility to punishment at baseline predicted cognitive apathy at follow-up. Likewise, both baseline apathy and sensibility to punishment predicted emotional apathy at follow-up. Finally, baseline anhedonia and episodic memory were the main variables the predicted behavioral apathy at follow-up. This is the first study to show specific associations between apathy subtypes and clinical and cognitive motivational dysfunction in individual with schizophrenia, indicating possible distinct underlying mechanisms to these demotivational symptoms. Treatment for apathy should address both types of processes. Importantly, our results demonstrate the interest of multidimensional approaches in the understanding of apathy in schizophrenia.

International audience; The current study examined the development of psychological momentum (PM) in table tennis and theeffect of a time-out. Eighty table tennis players were exposed to an audiovisual scenario, in which theyeither came back from 1–7to7–7 in an all-decisive game (positive momentum), or in which the opponentcame back from 7–1to7–7 (negative momentum). Furthermore, at the score of 7–7 a time-out was called.One group of participants received no specific instructions during the time-out, whereas the other groupreceived task (mastery-approach–MAp) instructions. Overall, PM perceptions increased for participants inthe positive momentum condition, but decreased rapidly for participants in the negative momentumcondition. In addition, the time-out led to a loss of PM in the positive momentum condition, but to arecovery of PM in the negative momentum condition. The instructions during the time-out did not make asignificant difference. Together, these results suggest that scoring patterns in a table tennis gamesignificantly affect the PM of players. Furthermore, a player or coach could benefit from calling a time-out in a negative momentum situation, as this provides an opportunity to psychologically recove

Article disponible en ligne en html et pdf : https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-5226-y; International audience; In France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. School failure, socio-economic and socio-cultural backgrounds influence the initiation and maintenance of smoking behavior in adolescents. Vocational students are at particularly high risk of using psychoactive substances, including tobacco. One of the most important factors is the environment, whether family, friends or peers. Therefore, peer education has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. It has also been demonstrated that the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) has yielded the best prediction of intentions and behavior, in several health domains, including on tobacco. However, it is usually confined to the measurement of processes by which interventions change behavior, rather than to the development of these interventions. The objective of this paper is to describe the protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a peer intervention based on the TPB on a highly exposed young population.This is a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing an intervention group to a control group, randomized into clusters (professional schools and classes) and stratified in three departments (Hérault, Aude and Gard) in the Languedoc-Roussillon region. The primary issue is the prevalence of daily smoking at 24 months, defined by a daily tobacco use of at least 1 cigarette, validated by CO levels in exhaled air. The primary hypothesis is that intervention will lead to decrease the daily smoking prevalence of 10% between the intervention group and the control group during a 2-year follow-up.The results from this trial will provide evidence on the effectiveness of an innovative peer-to-peer intervention based on the TPB.

International audience; Objective The present study examined the longitudinal association between personality traits and sleep quality in four samples of middle-aged and older adults. Method Participants (N > 22,000) were adults aged 30 to 107 years old from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), the Midlife in the United States Study (MIDUS), the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), and the Midlife in Japan Study (MIDJA). Personality and sleep quality were assessed at baseline and again 4 to 10 years later. Results Scoring lower on neuroticism and higher on extraversion was associated with better sleep quality at baseline and over time, with effect sizes larger than those of demographic factors. Low conscientiousness was associated with a worsening of sleep quality over time. Openness and agreeableness were unrelated to sleep quality. Poor sleep quality at baseline was associated with steeper declines in extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness and a smaller decrease in neuroticism over time. Conclusion Replicable findings across samples support longitudinal associations between personality and sleep quality. This study identified specific personality traits that are associated with poor and worsening sleep quality, and substantiated previous findings that poor sleep quality is associated with detrimental personality trajectories.

Over the past 30 years there has been a growing interest in the application of the transtheoretical model (TTM) in the domain of physical activity (PA). Even though this model has been widely used to implement PA interventions, most of these interventions did not use all the TTM’s theoretical constructs. Indeed, several studies focused exclusively on the stages of change while this construct is only descriptive. So, in the present review, we wanted to encourage researchers to go beyond stages of change when they use the TTM. To do so, we aimed to provide an overview of the TTM and its constructs while also presenting on one hand longitudinal studies examining the association between PA and TTM constructs and on the other hand summarising the efficacy of TTM-based interventions as to present future TTM challenges.

Article consultable en ligne : https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14773-3; International audience; Rapid progress in the area of humanoid robots offers tremendous possibilities for investigating and improving social competences in people with social deficits, but remains yet unexplored in schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the influence of social feedbacks elicited by a humanoid robot on motor coordination during a human-robot interaction. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and twenty-two matched healthy controls underwent a collaborative motor synchrony task with the iCub humanoid robot. Results revealed that positive social feedback had a facilitatory effect on motor coordination in the control participants compared to non-social positive feedback. This facilitatory effect was not present in schizophrenia patients, whose social-motor coordination was similarly impaired in social and non-social feedback conditions. Furthermore, patients’ cognitive flexibility impairment and antipsychotic dosing were negatively correlated with patients’ ability to synchronize hand movements with iCub. Overall, our findings reveal that patients have marked difficulties to exploit facial social cues elicited by a humanoid robot to modulate their motor coordination during human-robot interaction, partly accounted for by cognitive deficits and medication. This study opens new perspectives for comprehension of social deficits in this mental disorder.

The main goal of the present study was to explore the associations between several key variables that have been shown to partially mediate the link between specific trauma exposure and auditory hallucinations (AH), that is, maladaptive schemas and dissociation in the general population.In total, 425 voluntary participants were recruited from the general population and completed online the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Young schema questionnaire, the Dissociative Experiences Scale, and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling.Our model showed that: (1) sexual and emotional abuse impact on AH both through the effect of maladaptive schemas and dissociation; (2) physical abuse impact on AH only through the effect of dissociation. More specifically, we found that four maladaptive schemas impact on AH: Abandonment, Vulnerability, Self-sacrifice and Subjugation.Overall, our findings indicate that specific early maladaptive schemas may play a fundamental role in the association between exposure to trauma and auditory hallucination together with dissociation symptoms in the general population. Consequently, our study suggest considering maladaptive schemas as an important therapeutic target when working with individuals experiencing AH with or without a psychiatry disorder.

International audience; Cette recherche a pour objectif l’exploration de la dynamique identitaire et capacitaire de jeunes diplômés en situation de recherche d’emploi. Dans cette optique, nous avons réalisé une étude qualitative avec l’approche égo-écologique et sa méthodologie l’IMIS (Investigateur multistade de l’identité sociale, Zavalloni, 2007) sur deux demandeurs d’emploi de longue durée, bénéficiant d’un accompagnement dans un cas et dans l’autre non. L’exploitation des résultats nous a permis de faire émerger des processus permettant de révéler des stratégies identitaires différenciées. L’individu, bénéficiant d’un accompagnement, développe un projet professionnel et des moyens pour le réaliser. En comparaison, celui qui n’en a pas bénéficié semble être dans une phase d’inaction, de démotivation dans sa recherche d’emploi.