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568 results on '"Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba"'

1. High-Quality SiO2/O-Terminated Diamond Interface: Band-Gap, Band-Offset and Interfacial Chemistry

Author: Jesús Cañas, Daniel F. Reyes, Alter Zakhtser, Christian Dussarrat, Takashi Teramoto, Marina Gutiérrez, Etienne Gheeraert, Semi-conducteurs à large bande interdite (NEEL - SC2G), Institut Néel (NEEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Universidad de Cádiz (UCA), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Air Liquide Laboratories, Japanese - French lAboratory for Semiconductor physics and Technology (JFAST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Air liquide France Industrie-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Ministerio de Economía y Empresa (MINECO) Spanish Government under Grant No PID2019-110219RB-100, and European Project: 640947,H2020,H2020-LCE-2014-1,GreenDiamond(2015)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], General Chemical Engineering, General Materials Science, silicon oxide, diamond, interface, band-gap, band-offset, EELS, XPS
Abstract: International audience; Silicon oxide atomic layer deposition synthesis development over the last few years has open the route to its use as a dielectric within diamond electronics. Its great band-gap makes it a promising material for the fabrication of diamond–metal–oxide field effects transistor gates. Having a sufficiently high barrier both for holes and electrons is mandatory to work in accumulation and inversion regimes without leakage currents, and no other oxide can fulfil this requisite due to the wide diamond band-gap. In this work, the heterojunction of atomic-layer-deposited silicon oxide and (100)-oriented p-type oxygen-terminated diamond is studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy in its energy loss spectroscopy mode and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The amorphous phase of silicon oxide was successfully synthesized with a homogeneous band-gap of 9.4 eV. The interface between the oxide and diamond consisted mainly of single- and double-carbon-oxygen bonds with a low density of interface states and a straddling band setting with a 2.0 eV valence band-offset and 1.9 eV conduction band-offset.
Published: 2022
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2. Text classification based on the word subspace representation

Author: Kazuhiro Fukui, Erica K. Shimomoto, François Portet, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Groupe d’Étude en Traduction Automatique/Traitement Automatisé des Langues et de la Parole (GETALP), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019)
Subjects: business.industry, Computer science, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, Sentiment analysis, Computer Science::Computation and Language (Computational Linguistics and Natural Language and Speech Processing), 020207 software engineering, Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Linear subspace, Class (biology), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Discriminative model, Artificial Intelligence, Grassmannian, Pattern recognition (psychology), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Word (computer architecture), Subspace topology
Abstract: In this paper, we propose a novel framework for text classification based on subspace-based methods. Recent studies showed the advantages of modeling texts as linear subspaces in a high-dimensional word vector space, to which we refer as word subspace. Therefore, we propose solving topic classification and sentiment analysis by using the word subspace along with different subspace-based methods. We explore the word embeddings geometry to decide which subspace-based method is more suitable for each task. We empirically demonstrate that a word subspace generated from sets of texts is a unique representation of a semantic topic that can be spanned by basis vectors derived from different texts. Therefore, texts can be classified by comparing their word subspace with the topic class subspaces. We achieve this framework by using the mutual subspace method that effectively handles multiple subspaces for classification. For sentiment analysis, as word embeddings do not necessarily consider sentiment information (i.e., opposite sentiment words have similar word vectors), we introduce the orthogonal mutual subspace method, to push opposite sentiment words apart. Furthermore, as there may be overlap between the sentiment class subspaces due to overlapping topics, we propose modeling a sentiment class by a set of multiple word subspaces, generated from each text belonging to the class. We further model the sentiment classes on a Grassmann manifold by using the Grassmann subspace method and its discriminative extension, the Grassmann orthogonal subspace method. We show the validity of each framework through experiments on four widely used datasets.
Published: 2021

3. Open science resources from the Tara Pacific expedition across coral reef and surface ocean ecosystems

Author: Fabien Lombard, Guillaume Bourdin, Stéphane Pesant, Sylvain Agostini, Alberto Baudena, Emilie Boissin, Nicolas Cassar, Megan Clampitt, Pascal Conan, Ophélie Da Silva, Céline Dimier, Eric Douville, Amanda Elineau, Jonathan Fin, J. Michel Flores, Jean François Ghiglione, Benjamin C.C. Hume, Laetitia Jalabert, Seth G. John, Rachel L. Kelly, Ilan Koren, Yajuan Lin, Dominique Marie, Ryan McMinds, Zoé Mériguet, Nicolas Metzl, David A. Paz-García, Maria Luiza Pedrotti, Julie Poulain, Mireille Pujo-Pay, Joséphine Ras, Gilles Reverdin, Sarah Romac, Alice Rouan, Eric Röttinger, Assaf Vardi, Christian R. Voolstra, Clémentine Moulin, Guillaume Iwankow, Bernard Banaigs, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Pierre E. Galand, Eric Gilson, Stéphanie Reynaud, Shinichi Sunagawa, Matthew B. Sullivan, Olivier Thomas, Romain Troublé, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Patrick Wincker, Didier Zoccola, Denis Allemand, Serge Planes, Emmanuel Boss, Gaby Gorsky, Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Oceans Systems Ecology & Evolution - Tara Oceans (GOSEE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL)-École Centrale de Nantes (Nantes Univ - ECN), Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université australe du Chili, Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), University of Maine, European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Hinxton], Shimoda Marine Research Center, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University [Durham], Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut Fédératif de Recherche - Ressources Marines (IFR MARRES), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire International Associé Réponse des Organismes et Populations face au Stress Environnemental - Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco (LIA ROPSE), Université Côte d’Azur - Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Laboratoire d'Océanographie Microbienne (LOMIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OSU Stations marines (STAMAR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cycles biogéochimiques marins : processus et perturbations (CYBIOM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Universität Konstanz, Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Maison de la Modélisation, de la Simulation et des Interactions [Sophia-Antipolis] (MSI), Oregon State University (OSU), Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Tara Ocean Foundation, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Institute of Microbiology and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Martin Ryan Institute, and National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ecosystem ecology, Biodiversity
Abstract: The Tara Pacific expedition (2016-2018) sampled coral ecosystems around 32 islands in the Pacific Ocean and the ocean surface waters at 249 locations, resulting in the collection of nearly 58,000 samples. The expedition was designed to systematically study warm coral reefs and included the collection of corals, fish, plankton, and seawater samples for advanced biogeochemical, molecular, and imaging analysis. Here we provide a complete description of the sampling methodology, and we explain how to explore and access the different datasets generated by the expedition. Environmental context data were obtained from taxonomic registries, gazetteers, almanacs, climatologies, operational biogeochemical models, and satellite observations. The quality of the different environmental measures has been validated not only by various quality control steps but also through a global analysis allowing the comparison with known environmental large-scale structures. Such a wide released datasets opens the perspective to address a wide range of scientific questions.
Published: 2023

4. On the monodromy conjecture for non-degenerate hypersurfaces

Author: Esterov, Alexander, Lemahieu, Ann, Takeuchi, Kiyoshi, NRU HSE, faculty of mathematics, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institute of Mathematics, University of Tsukuba, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and ANR-12-JS01-0002,SUSI,Singularités de surfaces(2012)
Subjects: Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Applied Mathematics, General Mathematics, 14M25, 32S40, FOS: Mathematics, [MATH]Mathematics [math], Algebraic Geometry (math.AG)
Abstract: The monodromy conjecture is an umbrella term for several conjectured relationships between poles of zeta functions, monodromy eigenvalues and roots of Bernstein-Sato polynomials in arithmetic geometry and singularity theory. Even the weakest of these relations -- the Denef--Loeser conjecture on topological zeta functions -- is open for surface singularities. We prove it for a wide class of multidimensional singularities that are non-degenerate with respect to their Newton polyhedra, including all such singularities of functions of four variables. A crucial difference from the known case of three variables is the existence of degenerate singularities arbitrarily close to a non-degenerate one. Thus, even aiming at the study of non-degenerate singularities, we have to go beyond this setting. We develop new tools to deal with such multidimensional phenomena, and conjecture how the proof for non-degenerate singularities of arbitrarily many variables might look like., 72 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2022

5. Non-reversible Photoinduced Phase Transition in the RbMnFe Prussian Blue Analogue Studied by Streaming Crystallography

Author: Hervé, Marius, Chaban, Ievgeniia, Privault, Gaël, Akagi, Shintaro, Trzop, Elzbieta, Mariette, Céline, Volte, Alix, Watier, Yves, Levantino, Matteo, Tokoro, Hiroko, Ohkoshi, Shin-Ichi, Collet, Eric, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, European Synchroton Radiation Facility [Grenoble] (ESRF), European Synchrotron Radiat. Facil., Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Division of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, and HERVE, Marius
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], ultrafast dynamics, time-resolved crystallography, Prussian blue analogue, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], photo-induced phase transition, [PHYS.COND] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS] Physics [physics], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph]
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2023

6. Performance of SMOS Soil Moisture Products over Core Validation Sites

Author: A. Colliander, Y. Kerr, J-P. Wigneron, A. Al-Yaari, N. Rodriguez-Fernandez, X. Li, J. Chaubell, P. Richaume, A. Mialon, J. Asanuma, A. Berg, D.D. Bosch, T. Caldwell, M.H. Cosh, C. Holifield Collins, J. Martínez-Fernández, H. McNairn, M.S. Seyfried, P.J. Starks, Z. Su, M. Thibeault, J.P. Walker, Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, University of Guelph, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Texas-Pan American (UTPA), University of Texas-Pan, Universidad de Salamanca, Agriculture and Agri-Food (AAFC), University of Twente, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales - Argentinian Space Agency (CONAE), and Monash university
Subjects: [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Soil Moisture, Validation, SMAP, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, SMOS
Abstract: International audience; The European Space Agency (ESA) launched the SMOS (Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity) mission in 2009; currently, multiple global soil moisture (SM) products are based on the measurements of its L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometer. We compared four SMOS products with each other: Level 2, Level 3, IC (INRA-CESBIO), and Near Real Time products. The comparisons focused on core validation sites (CVS), whose spatial representativeness errors allow the estimation of the SM product performance for bias-insensitive metrics (unbiased root mean square error (ubRMSE) and correlation (R), and anomaly R) with negligible uncertainty and for bias-sensitive metrics (mean difference (MD) and root mean square difference or RMSD) with acceptable uncertainty. When the products were compared with CVS independently, the results showed that the ubRMSE, R, and anomaly R of the IC product were better than those of the other products, while the MD was larger. However, the differences between the performances were smaller when the products were assessed using only the data points when each product had a valid retrieval. This indicates that the algorithms have similar performance and that data screening and quality flagging of the retrievals markedly affects the performance. The NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission produces a similar SM product as SMOS using an L-band radiometer. The closeness of the ubRMSE, R, and anomaly R performance of the IC product and the SMAP product (0.039 m 3 /m 3 vs. 0.041 m 3 /m 3 , 0.80 vs. 0.81, and 0.75 vs. 0.75) demonstrate that the SMOS and SMAP radiometers can achieve similar SM sensitivity.
Published: 2023

7. Recent advances in self-assembling redox nanoparticles as a radiation protective agent

Author: Chitho P. Feliciano, Sandrine Cammas-Marion, Yukio Nagasaki, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (DOST-PNRI) (DOST-PNRI), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
Subjects: [CHIM]Chemical Sciences
Abstract: The search for potent radiation-protective drugs for clinical use continues. Studies have, so far, focused on targeting the neutralization of radiation-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to protect the cells against the deleterious effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. However, the development of efficacious radioprotective drugs, which are mostly low molecular weight (LMW) compounds, is mainly limited due to their inherent toxicity and rapid excretion from the body. Thus, researchers reformulated these LMW compounds into nano-based formulations. This review discusses recent advances in the use of self-assembling redox nanoparticles as a new group of radioprotective agents. The copolymer micelle (herein referred to as redox nanoparticles; RNP) contains an active part, amino-TEMPO, that effectively scavenges radiation-induced ROS in the body, as demonstrated in vivo. With the use of nanoparticle-based technologies, optimized formulations of these LMW ROS-neutralizers lead to the significant reduction of its toxicity, high bioavailability and longer blood circulation, which consequently resulted in its notable enhanced efficacy (for example, increased survival rate, reduced radiation-induced syndromes and organ damage) against the damaging effects of ionizing radiation. Consistent with the available data on the use of RNP and other nano-based radioprotective agents, it can be concluded that the inherent ROS-targeting activity of a drug intended for radiation protection is as vital as its bioavailability in the specific tissues and organs, where the short-lived ROS are produced during radiation exposure. In this review article, we summarized the current status of the development of radioprotective agents, including our self-assembling radioprotective agents.
Published: 2023

8. Decision/Objective Space Trajectory Networks for Multi-objective Combinatorial Optimisation

Author: Gabriela Ochoa, Arnaud Liefooghe, Yuri Lavinas, Claus Aranha, University of Stirling, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Optimisation de grande taille et calcul large échelle (BONUS), Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 [CRIStAL], and Optimisation de grande taille et calcul large échelle [BONUS]
Subjects: combinatorial optimisation, visualisation, multi-objective optimisation, algorithm analysis, search trajectory networks, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract: International audience; This paper adapts a graph-based analysis and visualisation tool, search trajectory networks (STNs) to multi-objective combinatorial optimisation. We formally define multi-objective STNs and apply them to study the dynamics of two state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms: MOEA/D and NSGA2. In terms of benchmark, we consider two- and three-objective ρmnk-landscapes for constructing multi-objective multi-modal landscapes with objective correlation. We find that STN metrics and visualisation offer valuable insights into both problem structure and algorithm performance. Most previous visual tools in multi-objective optimisation consider the objective space only. Instead, our newly proposed tool asses algorithm behaviour in the decision and objective spaces simultaneously.
Published: 2023

9. Interlayer excitons in MoSe2/2D perovskite hybrid heterostructures – the interplay between charge and energy transfer

Author: M. Karpińska, J. Jasiński, R. Kempt, J. D. Ziegler, H. Sansom, T. Taniguchi, K. Watanabe, H. J. Snaith, A. Surrente, M. Dyksik, D. K. Maude, Ł. Kłopotowski, A. Chernikov, A. Kuc, M. Baranowski, P. Plochocka, Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Grenoble (LNCMI-G ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire national des champs magnétiques intenses - Toulouse (LNCMI-T), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Fakultät für Physik [Regensburg], Universität Regensburg (UR), Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford], University of Oxford, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, University of Regensburg, Universität Leipzig, and ANR-17-EURE-0009,NanoX,Science et Ingénierie à l'Echelle Nano(2017)
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Materials Science, transition metal dichalcogenides, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Metal halide perovskites, Metal halide perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, 2D perovskites/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, Computer Science::Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, 2D perovskites/transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructures
Abstract: Van der Waals crystals have opened a new and exciting chapter in heterostructure research, removing lattice matching constraints characteristic of epitaxial semiconductors. They provide unprecedented flexibility for heterostructure design. Combining 2D perovskites with other 2D materials, in particular transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) has recently emerged as an intriguing way to design hybrid opto- electronic devices. However, the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers (charge or energy transfer) remains to be elucidated. Here we investigate PEA2PbI4/MoSe2 and (BA)2PbI4/MoSe2 heterostructures by combining optical spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that the band alignment facilitates charge transfer. Namely, holes are transferred from the TMD to the 2D perovskite, while the electron transfer is blocked, resulting in the formation of inter-layer excitons. Moreover, we show that the energy transfer mechanism can be turned on by an appropriate alignment of the excitonic states, providing a rule of thumb for the deterministic control of the excitation transfer mechanism in TMD/2D-perovskite heterostructures.
Published: 2022

10. A Chimeric TGA Repressor Slows Down Fruit Maturation and Ripening in Tomato

Author: Carine Ferrand, Christophe Rothan, Martine Lemaire-Chamley, Takayuki Tohge, Joana Jorly, Hiroshi Ezura, Erika Asamizu, Marilise Nogueira, Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres, Paul D Fraser, Takuya Yoshida, Claude Koutouan, Alisdair R. Fernie, Julien Assali, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology (MPI-MP), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Ryukoku University, and Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research [Gatersleben] (IPK-Gatersleben)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, Genotype, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Repressor, Plant Science, tomato, Biology, Genes, Plant, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, chloroplast, ripening competency, Solanum lycopersicum, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, bZIP, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Transcription factor, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, TOMATE, hormone regulation, Genetic Variation, food and beverages, Ripening, Cell Biology, General Medicine, Metabolism, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, Chloroplast, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, chemistry, Fruit, développement du fruit, Mutation, Plant hormone, Salicylic acid, Systemic acquired resistance, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The bZIP transcription factor (TF) SlTGA2.2 was previously highlighted as a possible hub in a network regulating fruit growth and transition to ripening (maturation phase). It belongs to a clade of TFs well known for their involvement in the regulation of the salicylic acid–dependent systemic acquired resistance. To investigate if this TGA TF plays a role in tomato fruit growth and maturation, we took advantage of the fruit-specific SlPPC2 promoter (PPC2pro) to target the expression of a SlTGA2.2-SRDX chimeric repressor in a developmental window restricted to early fruit growth and maturation. Here, we show that this SlTGA2.2-SRDX repressor alters early fruit development and metabolism, including chloroplast number and structure, considerably extends the time necessary to reach the mature green stage and slows down fruit ripening. RNA sequencing and plant hormone analyses reveal that PPC2pro:SlTGA2.2-SRDX fruits are maintained in an immature stage as long as PPC2pro is active, through early modifications of plant hormonal signaling and down-regulation of MADS-RIN and NAC-NOR ripening regulators. Once PPC2pro becomes inactive and therefore SlTGA2.2-SRDX expression is reduced, ripening can proceed, albeit at a slower pace than normal. Altogether, this work emphasizes the developmental continuum between fruit growth, maturation and ripening and provides a useful tool to alter and study the molecular bases of tomato fruit transition to ripening.
Published: 2021

11. Bone and shells. Artisanal exploitation of hard animal materials in the Iranian-Pakistani region during the Neolithic period

Author: Manca, Laura, Mashkour, Marjan, Didier, Aurore, Averbouh, Aline, Doost, Sanaz Beizaee, Khazaeli, Roya, Buckley, Michael, Miyake, Yutaka, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie de L'Asie centrale, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], and Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

12. Exploitation of primary and secondary products of domesticated caprines for human subsistence during the Iranian Neolithic Author(s)

Author: Casanova, Emmanuelle, Davoudi, Hossein, Zazzo, Antoine, Boco, Audrey, Berbeck, Reinhard, Pollock, Susan, Tsuneki, Akira, Ghafoori, Omol Banin, Alizadeh, Abbas, Mashkour, Marjan, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tehran, Central Laboratory, Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Free University of Berlin (FU), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Museum of Iran, University of Chicago, and European Project: VARGAH
Subjects: Domestication, human subsistence, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, caprine, dairy, Iran
Abstract: International audience; The Fertile Crescent in SW Asia is a key region for the early domestication of ruminant animals. The domestication of caprine in SW Asia started about 10000 years ago and took an important place in the development of a farming economy. With the introduction of caprine domestication comes the question of which products they were exploited for: their primary products (meat), their secondary products (milk) or both. The Zagros in Iran is a center for the early goat and sheep domestication and expansion of agropastoralism to the East. Caprine exploitation for their primary or secondary products remains to be elucidated for this region.One method to highlight the exploitation of secondary products is to look at dietary archives, particularly, the food residues preserved in ancient pottery vessels. Using molecular and isotopic analyses on lipid residues recovered in the vessels, food sources can be identified and carcasses fats discriminated against dairy fats.We report here the study of lipid residues from about 300 Neolithic pottery from various sites dating from the 7th to 5th Millenium BC. The results revealed both the carcass and dairy fats were processed in pottery vessels at all the studied sites suggesting products from domesticated caprines particularly their milk, took an essential part in human subsistence during the Neolithic period in the region compared to the wild resources.
Published: 2022

13. On the binary digits of n and n²

Author: Aloui, Karam, Jamet, Damien, Kaneko, Hajime, Kopecki, Steffen, Popoli, Pierre, Stoll, Thomas, Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, Department of Algorithms, Computation, Image and Geometry (LORIA - ALGO), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Institut Élie Cartan de Lorraine (IECL), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The third author was supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 19K03439., ANR-15-IDEX-0004,LUE,Isite LUE(2015), ANR-18-CE40-0018,EST,Représentations, systèmes dynamiques et pavages(2018), and ANR-20-CE91-0006,ArithRand,Aléa arithmétique(2020)
Subjects: sequences and sets, [MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO], sum of digits function, numeration system, Digital expansions, [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT]
Abstract: The authors would like to thank Lukas Spiegelhofer for discussions and a very useful C-program.; Let s(n) denote the sum of digits in the binary expansion of the integer n. Hare, Laishram and Stoll (2011) studied the number of odd integers such that s(n) = s(n^2) = k, for a given integer k ≥ 1. The remaining cases that could not be treated by theses authors were k ∈ {9, 10, 11, 14, 15}. In this paper we show that there is only a finite number of solutions for k ∈ {9, 10, 11} and comment on the difficulties to settle the two remaining cases k ∈ {14, 15}. A related problem is to study the solutions of s(n^2) = 4 for odd integers. Bennett, Bugeaud and Mignotte (2012) proved that there are only finitely many solutions and conjectured that n = 13, 15, 47, 111 are the only solutions. In this paper, we give an algorithm to find all solutions with fixed sum of digits value, supporting this conjecture, as well as show related results for s(n^2) = 5.
Published: 2022

14. Observation of ultrafast interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer in a van der Waals heterostructure

Author: Dong, Shuo, Beaulieu, Samuel, Selig, Malte, Rosenzweig, Philipp, Christiansen, Dominik, Pincelli, Tommaso, Dendzik, Maciej, Ziegler, Jonas D., Maklar, Julian, Xian, R. Patrick, Neef, Alexander, Mohammed, Avaise, Schulz, Armin, Stadler, Mona, Jetter, Michael, Michler, Peter, Taniguchi, Takashi, Watanabe, Kenji, Takagi, Hidenori, Starke, Ulrich, Chernikov, Alexey, Wolf, Martin, Nakamura, Hiro, Knorr, Andreas, Rettig, Laurenz, Ernstorfer, Ralph, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (FHI), Max Planck Society, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), University of Regensburg, University of Stuttgart, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Tokyo University of Science [Tokyo], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), and University of Arkansas [Fayetteville]
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences
Abstract: Atomically thin layered van der Waals heterostructures feature exotic and emergent optoelectronic properties. With growing interest in these novel quantum materials, the microscopic understanding of fundamental interfacial coupling mechanisms is of capital importance. Here, using multidimensional photoemission spectroscopy, we provide a layer- and momentum-resolved view on ultrafast interlayer electron and energy transfer in a monolayer-WSe$_2$/graphene heterostructure. Depending on the nature of the optically prepared state, we find the different dominating transfer mechanisms: while electron injection from graphene to WSe$_2$ is observed after photoexcitation of quasi-free hot carriers in the graphene layer, we establish an interfacial Meitner-Auger energy transfer process following the excitation of excitons in WSe$_2$. By analysing the time-energy-momentum distributions of excited-state carriers with a rate-equation model, we distinguish these two types of interfacial dynamics and identify the ultrafast conversion of excitons in WSe$_2$ to valence band transitions in graphene. Microscopic calculations find interfacial dipole-monopole coupling underlying the Meitner-Auger energy transfer to dominate over conventional F\"orster- and Dexter-type interactions, in agreement with the experimental observations. The energy transfer mechanism revealed here might enable new hot-carrier-based device concepts with van der Waals heterostructures., Comment: 28 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2022

15. Computationally Complete Symbolic Adversary and Key Exchange

Author: Bana, Gergei, Hasebe, Koji, Okada, Mitsuhiro, Programming securely with cryptography (PROSECCO), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and Department of Philosophy (Keio University)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2014

16. Computationally Complete Symbolic Attacker and Key Exchange

Author: Mitsuhiro Okada, Gergei Bana, Koji Hasebe, Programming securely with cryptography (PROSECCO), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and Department of Philosophy (Keio University)
Subjects: Soundness, Theoretical computer science, business.industry, Computer science, Classical logic, Axiomatic system, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Cryptographic protocol, Encryption, Mathematical proof, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Key exchange
Abstract: International audience; Recently, Bana and Comon-Lundh introduced the notion of computationally complete symbolic attacker to deliver unconditional computational soundness to symbolic protocol verification. First we explain the relationship between their technique and Fitting's embedding of classical logic into S4. Then, based on predicates for "key usability", we provide an axiomatic system in their framework to handle secure encryption when keys are allowed to be sent. We examine both IND-CCA2 and KDM-CCA2 encryptions, both symmetric and asymmetric situations. For unforgeability, we consider INT-CTXT encryptions. This technique does not require the usual limitations of computational soundness such as the absence of dynamic corruption, the absence of key-cycles or unambiguous parsing of bit strings. In particular, if a key-cycle possibly corrupts CCA2 encryption, our technique delivers an attack. If it does not endanger security, the security proof goes through. We illustrate how our notions can be applied in protocol proofs.
Published: 2013

17. Major loss of coralline algal diversity in response to ocean acidification

Author: Marco Milazzo, Jason M. Hall-Spencer, Lucia Porzio, Viviana Peña, Ben P. Harvey, Sylvain Agostini, Paulo Antunes Horta, Line Le Gall, Universidade da Coruña, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare [Palermo] (DiSTeM), Università degli studi di Palermo - University of Palermo, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Plymouth University, Pena V., Harvey B.P., Agostini S., Porzio L., Milazzo M., Horta P., Le Gall L., and Hall-Spencer J.M.
Subjects: macroalgae, 0106 biological sciences, ecosystem engineers, Oceans and Seas, Biodiversity, adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem engineer, Evolutionary history, Macroalgae, Algae, Climate change, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Photic zone, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Adaptation, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, biodiversity, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ocean chemistry, fungi, Coralline algae, Ocean acidification, Seaweeds, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, psbA, seaweeds, climate change, 13. Climate action, Rhodophyta, Ecosystem engineers, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, evolutionary history
Abstract: [Abstract] Calcified coralline algae are ecologically important in rocky habitats in the marine photic zone worldwide and there is growing concern that ocean acidification will severely impact them. Laboratory studies of these algae in simulated ocean acidification conditions have revealed wide variability in growth, photosynthesis and calcification responses, making it difficult to assess their future biodiversity, abundance and contribution to ecosystem function. Here, we apply molecular systematic tools to assess the impact of natural gradients in seawater carbonate chemistry on the biodiversity of coralline algae in the Mediterranean and the NW Pacific, link this to their evolutionary history and evaluate their potential future biodiversity and abundance. We found a decrease in the taxonomic diversity of coralline algae with increasing acidification with more than half of the species lost in high pCO2 conditions. Sporolithales is the oldest order (Lower Cretaceous) and diversified when ocean chemistry favoured low Mg calcite deposition; it is less diverse today and was the most sensitive to ocean acidification. Corallinales were also reduced in cover and diversity but several species survived at high pCO2; it is the most recent order of coralline algae and originated when ocean chemistry favoured aragonite and high Mg calcite deposition. The sharp decline in cover and thickness of coralline algal carbonate deposits at high pCO2 highlighted their lower fitness in response to ocean acidification. Reductions in CO2 emissions are needed to limit the risk of losing coralline algal diversity. Fieldwork in the Mediterranean was supported by the EU ‘Mediterranean Sea Acidification under a changing climate’ project (MedSeA; grant agreement 265103; MM, JH-S)
Published: 2021

18. Ultrafast Dynamics of Solute Molecules Probed by Resonant Optical Kerr Effect Spectroscopy

Author: Soh Kushida, Kuidong Wang, Cyriaque Genet, Thomas W. Ebbesen, Institut de Science et d'ingénierie supramoléculaires (ISIS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Center for Frontier Research in Chemistry [Strasbourg, France] (icFRC), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-10-IDEX-0002,UNISTRA,Par-delà les frontières, l'Université de Strasbourg(2010), European Project: 788482,MOLUSC, and univOAK, Archive ouverte
Subjects: Solutions, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Spectrum Analysis, Solvents, General Materials Science, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
Abstract: Ultrafast molecular dynamics in fluids is of great importance in many biological and chemical systems. Although such dynamics in bulk liquids has been explored by various methods, experimental tools that unveil the dynamics of solvated solutes are limited. In this work, we have developed resonant optical Kerr effect spectroscopy (ROKE), which is an analogue of optical Kerr effect spectroscopy that measures the reorientational relaxation of a dilute solute in solution. By adjusting the pump and probe wavelengths at the resonant absorption band of a solute, the time response of the solute was distinguished easily from the negligible signal of the solvent. The heterodyne detection of ROKE enables the determination of reorientational relaxation time constants with an accuracy of 2.6%. The signal-to-noise ratio was high enough (average ∼26.7) to obtain an adequate signal from even a 10 μM solution. Thus, ROKE is a powerful tool to study solute dynamics with high sensitivity in a broad range of applications.
Published: 2022

19. Human subsistence in Iranian prehistory revealed through lipid residue analysis in pottery vessels

Author: Casanova, Emmanuelle, Davoudi, Hossein, Zazzo, Antoine, Boco, Audrey, Berbeck, Reinhard, Pollock, Susan, Tsuneki, Akira, Mashkour, Marjan, Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tehran, Central Laboratory, Bioarchaeology Laboratory, Free University of Berlin (FU), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and European Project: VARGAH
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Abstract: International audience; The Fertile Crescent in SW Asia is a key region for the early domestication of ruminant animals. The domestication of caprine in the SW Asia started about 10000 years ago and took an important place in the development of a farming economy. With the introduction of caprine domestication come the question for which products they were exploited : their primary products (meat), their secondary products (milk) or both.The development of pottery technology in the early neolithic also influenced food processing and pottery vessels have been extensively used for culinary preparations. The organic residues preserved in archaeological pottery vessels serve therefore as archives for ancient diet through prehistoric times. Using molecular and isotopic analyses on lipid residues recovered in the ceramic vessels, the source of the food residues can be discriminated, including carcass from the dairy products of ruminants.We report here the study of lipid residues preserved in prehistoric iranian pottery assemblages dating from the 6th and 5th millenium BC which provide insights into prehistoric human subsistence in Iran.
Published: 2022

20. Hydrogen Bonding Propagated Phase Separation in Quasi-Epitaxial Single Crystals: A Pd-Br Molecular Insulator

Author: Takefumi Yoshida, Shinya Takaishi, Laurent Guérin, Tatsuhiro Kojima, Hiroyoshi Ohtsu, Masaki Kawano, Tatsuya Miyamoto, Hiroshi Okamoto, Kenichi Kato, Masaki Takata, Yuka Hosomi, Shoji Yoshida, Hidemi Shigekawa, Hisaaki Tanaka, Shin-ichi Kuroda, Hiroaki Iguchi, Brian K. Breedlove, Zhao-Yang Li, Masahiro Yamashita, Tohoku University [Sendai], Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Osaka University [Osaka], Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), RIKEN SPring-8 Center [Hyogo] (RIKEN RSC), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Nagoya University, Nankai University (NKU), and This work was partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI grants JP19H05631, JP20K15293, and JP21H04988 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC, 22150710513).
Subjects: Inorganic Chemistry, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Noncovalent interactions, Phase transitions, Crystal structure, Phase separation, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Palladium
Abstract: In condensed matter, phase separation is strongly related to ferroelasticity, ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism, electron correlation, and crystallography. These ferroics are important for nano-electronic devices such as non-volatile memory. However, the quantitative information regarding the lattice (atomic) structure at the border of phase separation is unclear in many cases. Thus, to design electronic devices on the molecular level, a quantitative relationship must be established between the lattice and the electrons. Herein, we elucidated a PdII–PdIV/PdIII–PdIII phase transition and phase separation mechanism for [Pd(cptn)2Br]Br2 (cptn = 1R,2R-diaminocyclopentane), propagated through a hydrogen-bonding network. Although the Pd···Pd distance was used to determine the electronic state, the differences in the Pd···Pd distance and the optical gap between Mott–Hubbard (MH) and charge-density-wave (CDW) states were only 0.012 Å and 0.17 eV, respectively. The N–H···Br···H–N hydrogen-bonding network functioned as a jack, adjusting the structural difference dynamically, and allowing visible ferroelastic phase transition/separation in a fluctuating N2 gas flow. In addition, the effect of the phase separation on the spin susceptibility and electrical conductivity were clarified to represent the quasi-epitaxial crystals among CDW–MH states. These results indicate that the phase transitions and separations could be controlled via modifications at the atomic and molecular levels, such as the addition of hydrogen bonding.
Published: 2022

21. Molecular mechanism of a large conformational change of the quinone cofactor in the semiquinone intermediate of bacterial copper amine oxidase

Author: Mitsuo Shoji, Takeshi Murakawa, Shota Nakanishi, Mauro Boero, Yasuteru Shigeta, Hideyuki Hayashi, Toshihide Okajima, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Osaka University [Osaka], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Boero, Mauro
Subjects: [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], General Chemistry, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: International audience; Copper amine oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis (AGAO) catalyses the oxidative deamination of primary amines via a large conformational change of a topaquinone (TPQ) cofactor during the semiquinone formation step. This conformational change of TPQ occurs in the presence of strong hydrogen bonds and neighboring bulky amino acids, especially the conserved Asn381, which restricts TPQ conformational changes over the catalytic cycle. Whether such a semiquinone intermediate is catalytically active or inert has been a matter of debate in copper amine oxidases. Here, we show that the reaction rate of the Asn381Ala mutant decreases 160-fold, and the X-ray crystal structures of the mutant reveals a TPQ-flipped conformation in both the oxidized and reduced states, preceding semiquinone formation. Our hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) simulations show that the TPQ conformational change is realized through the sequential steps of the TPQ ring-rotation and slide. We determine that the bulky side chain of Asn381 hinders the undesired TPQ ring-rotation in the oxidized form, favoring the TPQ ring-rotation in reduced TPQ by a further stabilization leading to the TPQ semiquinone form. The acquired conformational flexibility of TPQ semiquinone promotes a high reactivity of Cu(I) to O2, suggesting that the semiquinone form is catalytically active for the subsequent oxidative half-reaction in AGAO. The ingenious molecular mechanism exerted by TPQ to achieve the “state-specific” reaction sheds new light on a drastic environmental transformation around the catalytic center.
Published: 2022

22. Comprehensive Search of Stable Isomers of Alanine and Alanine Precursors in Prebiotic Syntheses

Author: Mitsuo Shoji, Natsuki Watanabe, Yuta Hori, Kenji Furuya, Masayuki Umemura, Mauro Boero, Yasuteru Shigeta, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Matériaux et Nanosciences Grand-Est (MNGE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Boero, Mauro
Subjects: Alanine, Stereoisomerism, Meteoroids, Minimum energy principle, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous), [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, isomer, Space and Planetary Science, 2-aminopropanenitrile, [SDU.OTHER] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, Chirality, Amino Acids, [SDU.OTHER]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Other, Alanine precursor
Abstract: International audience; Enantiomeric excesses of l-amino acids have been detected in meteorites; however, their molecular mechanism and prebiotic syntheses are still a matter of debate. To elucidate the origin of homochirality, alanine and the chiral precursors formed in prebiotic processes were investigated with regard to their stabilities among their isomers by employing the minimum energy principle, namely, the abundancy of a molecule in the interstellar medium is directly correlated to the stability among isomers. To facilitate the search for possible isomers, we developed a new isomer search algorithm, the random connection method, and performed a thorough search for all the stable isomers within a given chemical formula. We found that alanine and most of its precursors are located at higher energy by more than 5.7 kcal mol−1, with respect to the most stable isomer that consists of a linear-chain structure, whereas only the 2-aminopropanenitrile is the most stable isomer among all others possible. The inherent stability of the α-amino nitrile suggests that the 2-aminopropanenitrile is the dominant contribution in the formation of the common enantiomeric excess over α-amino acids.
Published: 2022

23. Stacking-dependent exciton multiplicity in WSe2 bilayers

Author: Zhijie Li, Jonathan Förste, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, B. Urbaszek, Anvar Baimuratov, Iann Gerber, Alexander Högele, Ismail Bilgin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), Institute of Mathematics, University of Tsukuba, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Fédération de recherche « Matière et interactions » (FeRMI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Condensed Matter - Materials Science, FEW-LAYER, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, WS2, OPTICAL-EXCITATIONS, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, MONOLAYER, RAMAN, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), DISULFIDE, TRANSITION
Abstract: Twisted layers of atomically thin two-dimensional materials realize a broad range of novel quantum materials with engineered optical and transport phenomena arising from spin and valley degrees of freedom and strong electron correlations in hybridized interlayer bands. Here, we report experimental and theoretical studies of WSe2 homobilayers obtained in two stable configurations of 2H (60° twist) and 3R (0° twist) stackings by controlled chemical vapor synthesis of high-quality large-area crystals. Using optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures, we uncover marked differences in the optical characteristics of 2H and 3R bilayer WSe2 which we explain on the basis of beyond-DFT theoretical calculations. Our results highlight the role of layer stacking for the spectral multiplicity of momentum-direct intralayer exciton transitions in absorption, and relate the multiplicity of phonon sidebands in the photoluminescence to momentum-indirect excitons with different spin valley and layer character. Our comprehensive study generalizes to other layered homobilayer and heterobilayer semiconductor systems and highlights the role of crystal symmetry and stacking for interlayer hybrid states.
Published: 2022

24. Manipulation de parois de domaine dans les nitrures ferrimagnétiques anti-pérovskites

Author: Ghosh, Sambit, SPINtronique et TEchnologie des Composants (SPINTEC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Université Grenoble Alpes [2020-....], Université de Tsukuba, Jean-Philippe Attané, Laurent Vila, and Takashi Suemasu
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ATOM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atomic Physics [physics.atom-ph], Nanomagnetism, Nanomagnétisme, Condensed matter, Spintronique, Spintronics, Matiere condensée
Abstract: The boundaries between magnetic domains are known as domain walls (DW). The motion of these DWs using magnetic fields or spin polarized currents has been one of the main focus of spintronics research in the last two decades. One mechanism leading to current induced domain wall motion is the spin transfer torque, where the spin polarized current is generated within the ferromagnetic layer and exerts a torque on the local magnetic moments of the domain walls. The other mechanism is the spin orbit torque, which is now widely used for the domain wall motion experiments, and where the spin polarized current is generated by an adjacent heavy metal layer.Recently, current-induced magnetization dynamics in ferrimagnets has become an active field of research. The magnetic and/or the angular momentum compensation can be achieved by either changing the temperature or by changing the composition of the materials. As the magnetization or the angular momentum that has to be reversed is small close to these points, previous reports on ferrimagnets have evidenced large domain wall velocities under action of spin orbit torques. In this manuscript we will focus on current-driven domain wall dynamics in an epitaxial rare-earth free ferrimagnetic nitride, Manganese Nitride (Mn4N), using spin transfer torques.We show that epitaxially grown Mn4N thin films grown on SrTiO3 substrate have a very low magnetization and mm-scale domains with very low pinning. On this system, DW motion was studied by fabricating nanowires by e-beam lithography. Using magneto optic kerr measurements, we measured a high domain wall velocity of more than 900 m/s in Mn4N at J = 1.3 TA/sq.m, at room temperature, with only spin transfer torque.In order to reach the compensation point, different samples were grown epitaxially while increasing the doping Ni concentration. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) measurements showed that the Ni atoms preferentially occupy the corner site in Mn4N. Since the magnetic moment carried by the Ni atoms is anti-parallel to that of Mn corner atoms , increasing the Ni content decreases the net magnetic moment. Beyond a critical Ni concentration, the net magnetization is then expected to be reversed. Using the values from neutron diffraction measurements, the expected magnetic compensation point lies around Ni atomic concentration of x = 0.18 which corresponds to 3.6% of Ni. The presence of the magnetic compensation point around this concentration is confirmed by XMCD and Anomalous Hall effect measurements. The DW velocity is found to increase as the Ni concentration gets closer to the angular momentum compensation point, with a velocity up to 2000 m/s before the compensation point and approaching 3000 m/s after crossing the compensation point. Interestingly it was also observed that the DW motion direction is reversed beyond the compensation point. In order to explain these results, we used the q–ϕ model, expanded to a ferrimagnetic system consisting of two sub-lattices, and using effective magnetic parameters for the two sub-lattices. If one assumes that the spin polarization does not change after the angular momentum compensation point, the DW motion reversal is therefore due to a relative change of orientation of the net spin polarization with respect to global magnetization.To confirm the validity of these assumptions, ab-initio calculations were performed, showing that the net magnetization is reversed at the Ni concentration x = 0.15, which match well with our experimental results. The simulations confirms that the conduction occurs through the Mn face centered sites, and that the spin polarization remains in the same direction (given by corner sites) while the net magnetization direction is reversed.The studied materials, composed of abundant elements, and free of critical elements such as rare-earths and heavy metals, are thus promising candidates for sustainable spintronics applications.; Les frontières entre les domaines magnétiques sont appelées parois de domaine (DW). Le mouvement de ces parois à l'aide de champs magnétiques ou de courants polarisés en spin a été l'un des principaux axes de recherche en spintronique des deux dernières décennies. Un mécanisme conduisant au mouvement de paroi sous courant est le couple de transfert de spin, où le courant polarisé en spin est généré dans la couche ferromagnétique. L'autre mécanisme est le couple spin-orbite, aujourd’hui largement utilisé, et où le courant polarisé en spin est généré par une couche adjacente de matériau spin-orbite. Récemment, le contrôle de l'aimantation par injection de courant dans les matériaux ferrimagnétiques est devenu un important domaine de recherche. La compensation magnétique et/ou de moment cinétique peut être obtenue en modifiant la température ou en modifiant la composition des matériaux. Comme l'aimantation qui doit être renversée est faible près de ces points, des études récentes ont mis en évidence de grandes vitesses de DW sous l'action de couples spin-orbite. Dans ce manuscrit, nous traitons de la propagation des parois de domaine sous l’effet d’un couple de transfert de spin dans un nitrure ferrimagnétique épitaxié, le nitrure de manganèse (Mn4N).Nous montrons que les couches minces de Mn4N développées par épitaxie sur un substrat de SrTiO3 ont une très faible aimantation, et des domaines à l'échelle millimétrique avec un ancrage très faible. Dans ce système, le mouvement des parois de domaine a été étudié en fabriquant des nanofils par lithographie. En utilisant des mesures d’effet Kerr magnéto-optiques, nous avons mesuré des vitesses de paroi de plus de 900 m/s dans Mn4N à J = 1.3 TA/sq.m, à température ambiante, et avec seulement un couple de transfert de spin.Afin d'atteindre le point de compensation, différents échantillons ont été épitaxiés par substitution de Ni. Des mesures de dichroïsme circulaire magnétique aux rayons X(XMCD) ont montré que les atomes de Ni occupent préférentiellement le site du coin à Mn4N. Puisque le moment magnétique porté par les atomes de Ni est anti-parallèle à celui des Mn de coin, l'augmentation de la teneur en Ni diminue le moment magnétique net. Au-delà d'une concentration critique en Ni, l'aimantation nette devrait alors s'inverser. En utilisant les valeurs des mesures de diffraction des neutrons, le point de compensation magnétique attendu se situe autour de 3.6 % de Ni. La présence du point de compensation magnétique autour de cette concentration est confirmée par des mesures de XMCD et d'effet Hall anormal. Les vitesses de la paroi augmentent à mesure que la concentration de Ni se rapproche du point de compensation, avec une vitesse atteignant 2000 m/s avant le point de compensation et approchant 3000 m/s après avoir traversé le point de compensation. Nous avons également observé une inversion de la direction du mouvement de la paroi au-delà du point de compensation. Afin d'expliquer ces résultats, nous avons utilisé le modèle q – ϕ. Si l'on suppose que la polarisation de spin ne change pas après le point de compensation du moment cinétique, l'inversion du mouvement de la paroi du domaine est due à un changement relatif d'orientation de la polarisation de spin nette par rapport à l'aimantation globale. Pour confirmer la validité de ces hypothèses, des calculs ab-initio ont été effectués, montrant que l'aimantation nette est inversée à la concentration de Ni x = 0.15, ce qui correspond bien à nos résultats expérimentaux. Les simulations confirment que la conduction électrique à lieu principalement sur les atomes de centres de faces , et qu’à la transition la polarisation du spin reste dans la même direction alors que la direction de l'aimantation nette est inversée. Les matériaux étudiés, composés d'éléments abondants, et exempts d'éléments critiques comme les terres rares et les métaux lourds, sont ainsi des candidats prometteurs pour des applications de spintronique durable.
Published: 2022

25. Towards exascale with the ANR-JST japanese-french project FP3C (Framework and Programming for Post- Petascale Computing)

Author: Antoniu, Gabriel, Boku, Taisuke, Calvin, Christophe, Codognet, Philippe, Daydé, Michel, Emad, Nahid, Ishikawa, Yuyaka, Matsuoka, Satoshi, Nakajima, Kengo, Nakashima, Hiroshi, Namyst, Raymond, Petiton, Serge, Sakurai, Tetsuya, Sato, Mitsuhisa, Scalable Storage for Clouds and Beyond (KerData), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire de Logiciels pour la Physique des Réacteurs (LLPR), Service des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Modélisation des Systèmes et Structures (DM2S), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Japanese French Laboratory for Informatics (JFLI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-National Institute of Informatics (NII), Algorithmes Parallèles et Optimisation (IRIT-APO), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Parallélisme, Réseaux, Systèmes, Modélisation (PRISM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department (CST), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Mathematical and Computing Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB), Efficient runtime systems for parallel architectures (RUNTIME), Inria Bordeaux - Sud-Ouest, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Computational Sciences [Tsukuba] (CCS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-10-JTIC-0003,FP3C(2010), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d’Études des Réacteurs et de Mathématiques Appliquées (SERMA), National Institute of Informatics (NII)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Kyoto University, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Électronique, Informatique et Radiocommunications de Bordeaux (ENSEIRB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: high-performance computing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC]
Abstract: International audience; The Japanese-french project FP3C targets the post-petascale and the next generation of exascale systems. Its goal is to study the software technologies, languages and programming models to achieve the performance promised by post-petascale computing. The project consortium regroups some of the HPC key players in Japan and in France: * Universities of Kyoto, Tokyo and Tsukuba, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japanese- French Laboratory on Informatics * CEA Saclay, CNRS (IRIT and PRISM), INRIA (Bordeaux, Rennes and Saclay), with a strong connection with RIKEN AICS at Kobe in Japan. The ability to efficiently program and exploit these future high performance systems is considered as a strategical issue by all research national agencies worldwide. The exascale computers are expected to a large-scale highly hierarchical architecture with many-core processsors possibly mixed with accelerators with up to millions of cores and threads. As a consequence, existing operating and runtime systems, languages, programming paradigms and parallel algorithms would have, at best, to be adapted, and may become often obsolete. Exploiting these ultra large-scale parallelsystems will require runtime systems allowing the management of huge amount of distributed data, minimizing the energy consumption, and exhibiting fault resilient properties. In addition to these features, accelerating technology, based on GPGPU and many-core processors, are also crucial issues for post-petascale computing systems. Efficient exploitation (programing, execution) of large scale systems is an important challenge. The hierarchical nature of these architecture and the scalability issues (parallelization at different level: intra / inter computational nodes composed of many core processors and/or accelerators) complexifies the algorithm design. Existing programming framework and runtime systems together with new approaches should be examined, experimented andevaluated. Benchmarks and libraries adapted to the post-petascale systems will have to be proposed. The FP3C project aims at defining a framework for high performance computing on the road to exascale. We cover most of the issues related to the emergence of post- petascale computing: from high level languages to efficient exploitation of the underlying architecture at the runtime level or using specific extensions for accelerators. Our approach is illustrated with experiments on a set of numerical codes (including numerical libraries) that can be seen as a benchmark. One of the goal of the project is to proceed to experiments on some of the most recent computers available in Europe (e.g. CURIE Computer at TGCC/France) and in Japan (e.g. K Computer at Kobe).
Published: 2013

26. The advanced treatment of hydrogen bonding in quantum crystallography

Author: Eiji Nishibori, Alessandro Genoni, Simon Grabowsky, Dylan Jayatilaka, Lorraine A. Malaspina, Michael J. Turner, Kunihisa Sugimoto, Universität Bern [Bern], Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie = Institute of Inorganic Chemistry and Crystallography [Universität Bremen], Universität Bremen, Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques (LPCT), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Western Australia (UWA), Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute [Hyogo] (JASRI), Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and ANR-17-CE29-0005,QuMacroRef,De nouvelles stratégies efficaces basées sur la mécanique quantique pour l'affinement de structures cristallographiques de macromolécules à haute résolution(2017)
Subjects: Electron density, Hydrogen, chemistry.chemical_element, Tripeptide, Localized molecular orbitals, 010402 general chemistry, 010403 inorganic & nuclear chemistry, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 540 Chemistry, Atom, [CHIM.CRIS]Chemical Sciences/Cristallography, electron density, Wave function, Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Hydrogen bond, Intermolecular force, hydrogen bonding, Research Papers, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Crystallography, Hirshfeld atom refinement, chemistry, X-ray constrained wavefunction fitting, 570 Life sciences, biology, quantum crystallography
Abstract: Hydrogen-bonding parameters are modelled with different methods of quantum crystallography. The underlying model assumptions are analysed and related to the refinement results., Although hydrogen bonding is one of the most important motifs in chemistry and biology, H-atom parameters are especially problematic to refine against X-ray diffraction data. New developments in quantum crystallography offer a remedy. This article reports how hydrogen bonds are treated in three different quantum-crystallographic methods: Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR), HAR coupled to extremely localized molecular orbitals and X-ray wavefunction refinement. Three different compound classes that form strong intra- or intermolecular hydrogen bonds are used as test cases: hydrogen maleates, the tripeptide l-alanyl-glycyl-l-alanine co-crystallized with water, and xylitol. The differences in the quantum-mechanical electron densities underlying all the used methods are analysed, as well as how these differences impact on the refinement results.
Published: 2021

27. Dynamics of the cusp boundaries : 3-D PIC large scale simulation vers CLUSTER data

Author: Cai, Dongsheng, Lembège, Bertrand, Esmaeili, A., Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi, Cardon, Catherine, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)-University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.SR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Physics::Space Physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract: Large scale global three-dimensional PIC simulations have been performed in order to analyse the interaction of the solar wind with the whole terrestrial magnetosphere. Present analysis is focussed on the cusp region, more precisely on the dynamics of the cusp boundaries and particle entry. The interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is northward in order to identify more clearly the main cusp features to be compared with statistical 3-years CLUSTER observations (Lavraud et al. 2005) performed in similar IMF orientation. Present simulations are performed with a higher resolution (one grid size equal to 0.2 Earth radii) as compared with our previous works, and allows to evidence small scale structures associated to the cusp. Results show that different quantities need to be used in order to identify appropriately the cusp boundaries (Bt, Grad-Bt, ion density, Ion flow, etc.). Main features of the cusp for North IMF are characterized as follows: (i) a more drapped B topology close to the outer boundary, (ii) a reconnection region is well evidenced at the magnetopause near the exterior edge of the cusp, (iii) a strong density peak within the cusp with multiple humps; this peak shifts poleward and disappears for high latitude (L > 23), (iv) a strong peak in ion field aligned flow within the cusp, with a tailward (sunward) convection at low (high) latitude. A particular point is the evidence of a layer characterized by (a) a subAlfvenic/superalfvenic ion flow transition, and (b) slow mode feature (increase of B, and decrease of Ni). Both features are in favor of the formation of PDL at the exterior cusp near the reconnection site in good agreement with experimental observations. In the present case, the location of this layer (and of the reconnection site) is slightly below that evidenced in the statistics of CLUSTER data.
Published: 2012

28. Genome evolution of a nonparasitic secondary heterotroph, the diatom Nitzschia putrida

Author: Ryoma Kamikawa, Takako Mochizuki, Mika Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Tanizawa, Takuro Nakayama, Ryo Onuma, Ugo Cenci, Daniel Moog, Samuel Speak, Krisztina Sarkozi, Andrew Toseland, Cock van Oosterhout, Kaori Oyama, Misako Kato, Keitaro Kume, Motoki Kayama, Tomonori Azuma, Ken-ichiro Ishii, Hideaki Miyashita, Bernard Henrissat, Vincent Lombard, Joe Win, Sophien Kamoun, Yuichiro Kashiyama, Shigeki Mayama, Shin-ya Miyagishima, Goro Tanifuji, Thomas Mock, Yasukazu Nakamura, Kyoto University, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Tohoku University [Sendai], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Ochanomizu University, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Fukui University of Technology, ANR-18-CE13-0027,MATHTEST,Tester l'hypothèse du ménage à trois(2018), Université de Lille, CNRS, National Institute of Genetics [NIG], Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF) - UMR 8576, University of East Anglia [Norwich] [UEA], and Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques [AFMB]
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi
Abstract: Secondary loss of photosynthesis is observed across almost all plastid-bearing branches of the eukaryotic tree of life. However, genome-based insights into the transition from a phototroph into a secondary heterotroph have so far only been revealed for parasitic species. Free-living organisms can yield unique insights into the evolutionary consequence of the loss of photosynthesis, as the parasitic lifestyle requires specific adaptations to host environments. Here, we report on the diploid genome of the free-living diatom Nitzschia putrida (35 Mbp), a nonphotosynthetic osmotroph whose photosynthetic relatives contribute ca. 40% of net oceanic primary production. Comparative analyses with photosynthetic diatoms and heterotrophic algae with parasitic lifestyle revealed that a combination of gene loss, the accumulation of genes involved in organic carbon degradation, a unique secretome, and the rapid divergence of conserved gene families involved in cell wall and extracellular metabolism appear to have facilitated the lifestyle of a free-living secondary heterotroph., 光合成を止めた藻類の100年の謎解く全ゲノム解読に成功 --「植物－光合成＝動物」ではない--. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2022-05-02.
Published: 2022

29. Impact of the IMF Rotation from Northward to Dawnward on Cusp Boundary Formation and Particle Entries: Large-scale Global 3D Full Particle Simulations

Author: Nishikawa, Ken-Ichi, Cai, Dongsheng, Lembège, Bertrand, National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)-University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cardon, Catherine
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.SR] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Mathematics::Number Theory, Physics::Space Physics, [SDU.ASTR.SR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR]
Abstract: Large-scale global three-dimensional PIC simulations are performed with higher resolution (one grid size equal to 0.2 Earth radii) in order to analyze the dynamics of the cusp boundary formation and particle entry as the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) rotates from northward to dawnward. As the IMF is northward, the cusp boundaries where the ion and electron densities are strongly enhanced, but electrons mainly accumulated along the outer edges of the cusp with a local enhancement along the night-side edge, while ions fill in the inner part of the cusp. A pile-up of magnetic field is observed along the outer edge of the cusp. Reconnection takes place at high elevation of the cusp and spreads along the in the night-side magnetopause. The electron current is the strongest at the reconnection location. As the IMF turns dawnward, new changes take place. The pile-up of magnetic field is reinforced along the outer edge of the cusp, while the reconnection region shrinks and slightly moves to the night side. The cusp itself fills-in with electrons everywhere while ions are mainly concentrated within the inner part of the cusp. However, particles penetrate (slightly) less deeply the cusp than with North IMF.
Published: 2010

30. Titanium Germylidenes

Author: Vladimir Ya. Lee, Ryo Sakai, Kazunori Takanashi, Olga A. Gapurenko, Ruslan M. Minyaev, Heinz Gornitzka, Akira Sekiguchi, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Southern Federal University [Rostov-on-Don] (SFEDU), Laboratoire de chimie de coordination (LCC), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Titanium, Density functional calculations, NMR spectroscopy, Germanium, 010405 organic chemistry, [CHIM.COOR]Chemical Sciences/Coordination chemistry, General Chemistry, General Medicine, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Catalysis, X-ray diffraction, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract: International audience; Two novel 18‐electron titanium germylene complexes, Cp2Ti(L)=Ge[Si3(SiMetBu2)4] 3 b (L=Me3P) and 3 c (L=XylNC), were synthesized, isolated, and structurally characterized. The length of the titanium‐germanium bonds of 2.5387(3) Å and 2.5276(3) Å (in 3 b and 3 c, respectively) well match those expected for the double bond, which was further supported by the DFT study. Based on their structural characteristics, as well as their atomic charges calculations which revealed Ti(δ+)=Ge(δ−) bond polarization, both 3 b and 3 c are classified as the Schrock‐type titanium germylidenes, as the germanium analogues of the widely known titanium alkylidenes. By contrast, germylene complexes of the group 6 metals 8 a (M=Mo) and 8 b (M=W) are better described as Fischer‐type germylene complexes.
Published: 2021

31. Bifurcation and hysteresis of the magnetospheric structure with a varying southward IMF: Field topology and global three-dimensional full particle simulations

Author: Ken-Ichi Nishikawa, Weinfeng Tao, Xiaoyang Yan, Bertrand Lembège, Dongsheng Cai, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, HELIOS - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)-University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Field (physics), Soil Science, Subsolar point, Magnetosphere, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Topology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Geochemistry and Petrology, 0103 physical sciences, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Interplanetary magnetic field, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Physics, Ecology, [SDU.ASTR.SR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Paleontology, Forestry, Magnetic reconnection, [PHYS.ASTR.SR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Solar and Stellar Astrophysics [astro-ph.SR], Critical value, Solar wind, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Physics::Space Physics, Magnetopause
Abstract: Using a three-dimensional full electromagnetic particle model (EMPM), we have performed global simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and the terrestrial magnetosphere, and have investigated its asymptotic stability. The distance between the dayside magnetopause subsolar point and the Earth center, R(sub mp) is measured, as the intensity of southward IMF |B(sub z)| is slowly varying. Based on the field topology theory, one analyzes the variation of R(sub mp) as a reference index of the dynamics of this interaction, when IMF |B(sub z)| successively increases and decreases to its original value. Two striking results are observed. First, as the IMF |B(sub z)| increases above a critical value, the variation of R(sub mp) suddenly changes (so called 'bifurcation' process in field topology). Above this critical value, the overall magnetic field topology changes drastically and is identified as being the signature of magnetic reconnection at the subsolar point on the magnetopause. Second, this subsolar point recovers its original location R(sub mp) by following different paths as the IMF |B(sub z)| value increases (from zero to a maximum fixed value) and decreases (from this maximum to zero) passing through some critical values. These different paths are the signature of 'hysteresis' effect, and are characteristic of the so-called 'subcritical-type' bifurcation. This hysteresis signature indicates that dissipation processes take place via an energy transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere by some irreversible way, which leads to a drastic change in the magnetospheric field topology. This hysteresis is interpreted herein as a consequence of the magnetic reconnection taking place at the dayside magnetopause. The field topology reveals to be a very powerful tool to analyze the signatures of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection without the obligation for determining the mechanisms responsible for, and the consequences of the reconnection on the overall magnetospheric dynamics.
Published: 2009

32. Analysis of Collisionless Shock Turbulence by Using Virtual Satellites in 2-D Full Particle-in-Cell Simulations

Author: B. Lembege, Dongsheng Cai, P. Martel, Zheng Huang, Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], and Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
Subjects: Physics, Shock wave, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electromagnetics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Turbulence, Mechanics, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Magnetic field, Shock (mechanics), Classical mechanics, Geophysical fluid dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Space Physics, Particle-in-cell, Bow shock (aerodynamics), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Two-dimensional full particle electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations are used in order to reproduce and analyze in details the intrinsic turbulence of the terrestrial collisionless bow shock. In order to compare numerical results and local experimental measurements performed by the four-satellite space mission CLUSTER, one has developed ldquovirtual proberdquo techniques crossing the ldquonumericalrdquo shock in order to mimic the real CLUSTER mission. Numerical results shown in this paper illustrate the measurements of a turbulent macroscopic magnetic field obtained through a time-varying and inhomogeneous shock front.
Published: 2008

33. Scalability analysis of parallel Particle-In-Cell codes on computational grids

Author: Dongsheng Cai, Weifeng Tao, Nishikawa Ken-ichi, Bertrand Lembège, Xiaoyang Yan, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC), NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC)-University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH), Centre d'étude des environnements terrestre et planétaires (CETP), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Particle-In-Cell code, Computer science, Fast Fourier transform, General Physics and Astronomy, 010103 numerical & computational mathematics, Parallel computing, Solver, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Grid computing, Globus toolkit, Hardware and Architecture, 0103 physical sciences, Scalability, Code (cryptography), Cluster (physics), MPICH-G2, Particle-in-cell, 0101 mathematics, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We have performed benchmarks of two three-dimensional parallel Particle-In-Cell (PIC) codes that are similar but have quite different communication patterns on different computational Grids. An electrostatic code with only electrons based on the three-dimensional skeleton PIC code employs the FFT Poisson solver that uses collective communication patterns. Another is the TRISTAN (TRI-dimensional STATNford) code parallelized with MPI, an electromagnetic full particle code, which uses a field solver that only requires point-to-point neighbor communication patterns. We present the mpptest benchmarks on cluster-based computational Grids, where both the basic point-to-point communication patterns and the basic collective communication patterns used in these PIC codes are tested. The results of these benchmarks clearly allow us to quantify and understand the scalability of both communication patterns on the Grids. The present results show that the parallelized TRISTAN code (without all-to-all collective communication) is more scalable than the parallelized skeleton PIC code (with all-to-all collective communication), in cluster-based computational Grid systems where communication performances is poor.
Published: 2008

34. The conserved brassinosteroid-related transcription factor BIM1a negatively regulates fruit growth in tomato

Author: Fernando Carrari, Martine Lemaire-Chamley, Kentaro Mori, Christophe Rothan, Joana Jorly, Hiroshi Ezura, Erika Asamizu, Mariana Conte, Tsuyoshi Mizoguchi, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Ryukoku University, International Christian University, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, University of Tsukuba, Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan ('Japan-France Joint Laboratory Project'), the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA) (Bilateral Joint Research Project, grant to KM and ML-C), and the Region Aquitaine (Regal project no. 20111201002), and was carried under the auspices of the EU COST QualityFruit FA 1106
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Arabidopsis thaliana, Physiology, growth, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, tomato, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Solanum lycopersicum, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Auxin, Arabidopsis, Transcriptional regulation, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Brassinosteroid, BIM, signalling, Transcription factor, Plant Proteins, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, food and beverages, fruit, Plants, Genetically Modified, biology.organism_classification, Cell biology, brassinosteroids, chemistry, Ectopic expression, cell expansion, Transcription Factors, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play key roles in plant development and defense. Our goal is to harness the extensive knowledge of the Arabidopsis BR signaling network to improve productivity in crop species. This first requires identifying components of the conserved network and their function in the target species. Here, we investigated the function of SlBIM1a, the closest tomato homolog of AtBIM1, which is highly expressed in fruit. SlBIM1a-overexpressing lines displayed severe plant and fruit dwarfism, and histological characterization of different transgenic lines revealed that SlBIM1a expression negatively correlated with fruit pericarp cell size, resulting in fruit size modifications. These growth phenotypes were in contrast to those found in Arabidopsis, and this was confirmed by the reciprocal ectopic expression of SlBIM1a/b in Arabidopsis and of AtBIM1 in tomato. These results determined that BIM1 function depends more on the recipient species than on its primary sequence. Yeast two-hybrid interaction studies and transcriptomic analyses of SlBIM1a-overexpressing fruit further suggested that SlBIM1a acts through its interaction with SlBZH1 to govern the transcriptional regulation of growth-related BR target genes. Together, these results suggest that SlBIM1a is a negative regulator of pericarp cell expansion, possibly at the crossroads with auxin and light signaling.
Published: 2020

35. Unravelling the enigmatic ISM conditions in Minkowski’s object

Author: Ralph S. Sutherland, Henry R. M. Zovaro, Nicole P. H. Nesvadba, Geoffrey V. Bicknell, Dipanjan Mukherjee, Alexander Wagner, Lisa J. Kewley, Philip Taylor, Rob Sharp, Brent Groves, Australian National University (ANU), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics [Pune] (IUCAA), University of Tsukuba, Australian National University - Department of engineering (ANU), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Stellar population, Stellar mass, Metallicity, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 0103 physical sciences, Minkowski space, Galaxy formation and evolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Dwarf galaxy, Physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Local examples of jet-induced star formation lend valuable insight into its significance in galaxy evolution and can provide important observational constraints for theoretical models of positive feedback. Using optical integral field spectroscopy, we present an analysis of the ISM conditions in Minkowski's Object ($z = 0.0189$), a peculiar star-forming dwarf galaxy located in the path of a radio jet from the galaxy NGC 541. Full spectral fitting with PPXF indicates that Minkowski's Object primarily consists of a young stellar population $\sim 10$ Myr old, confirming that the bulk of the object's stellar mass formed during a recent jet interaction. Minkowski's Object exhibits line ratios largely consistent with star formation, although there is evidence for a low level ($\lesssim 15$ per cent) of contamination from a non-stellar ionising source. Strong-line diagnostics reveal a significant variation in the gas-phase metallicity within the object, with $\log\left( \rm O / H \right) + 12$ varying by $\sim 0.5$ dex, which cannot be explained by in-situ star formation, an enriched outflow from the jet, or enrichment of gas in the stellar bridge between NGC 541 and NGC 545/547. We hypothesise that Minkowski's Object either (a) was formed as a result of jet-induced star formation in pre-existing gas clumps in the stellar bridge, or (b) is a gas-rich dwarf galaxy that is experiencing an elevation in its star formation rate due to a jet interaction, and will eventually redden and fade, becoming an ultra-diffuse galaxy as it is processed by the cluster., Comment: 22 pages, 18 figures. Accepted to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
Published: 2020

36. Strategic Outlook toward 2030: Japan's research for allergy and immunology – Secondary publication

Author: Masayuki Amagai, Nobuyuki Hizawa, Mitsuhiro Okano, Mayumi Tamari, Hideaki Morita, Takeya Adachi, Komei Ito, Motohiro Ebisawa, Koichiro Asano, Shigeharu Fujieda, Hidehisa Saeki, Akemi Yoshimoto, Kenji Kabashima, Mariko Sonobe, Hiroyuki Arai, Kenji Kondo, Atsuki Fukushima, Eiichi Uchio, Mizuho Nagao, Satoshi Konno, Kazuhiko Yamamoto, Ken Ishii, Keigo Kainuma, Kenji Matsumoto, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Immunopathologie et chimie thérapeutique (ICT), Institut de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokai University, Keio University School of Medicine [Tokyo, Japan], International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW), Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine Kyoto University, Nippon Medical School [Tokyo, Japon], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Kochi University, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), and The Jikei University School of Medicine
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, Biomedical Research, Allergy, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Strategy, Basic law, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Japan, Political science, Allergy and Immunology, Realm, Health care, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, MHLW, Digitization, media_common, Strategic planning, business.industry, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Identification (information), 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, business, lcsh:RC581-607, Welfare
Abstract: Strategic Outlook toward 2030: Japan's Research for Allergy and Immunology (Strategy 2030) is the national research strategy based on Japan's Basic Law on Measures Against Allergic Diseases, a first of its kind worldwide. This strategy was established by a multi-disciplinary committee consisting of administrators of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, young and senior experts from various research societies and associations, and representatives of patient and public groups. Whereas the issues of transition, integration, and international collaboration have yet to be solved in this research realm in Japan, identification of unmet needs, digitization of information and transparent procedures, and strategic planning for complex problems (a process dubbed MIERUKA by the Toyota Way) are crucial to share and tackle the same vision and goals. The committee developed three specific actions focusing on preemptive treatment, interdisciplinarity and internationality, and life stage. The real success of Strategy 2030 is made by the spontaneous contributions of doctors, dentists, veterinarians, and other medical professionals; basic and clinical research scientists, research supporters, and pharmaceutical/medical device companies; manufacturers of food, healthcare, and home appliances; and patients, their families, and the public. The hope is to establish a stable society in which people can live long, healthy lives, as free as possible from allergic and immunological diseases, at each individual life stage. This article is based on a Japanese review first reported in Arerugi, introduces the developmental process and details of Strategy 2030.
Published: 2020

37. Tuning of photoluminescence intensity and Fermi level position of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes by molecule confinement

Author: Nicolas Izard, Jean-Louis Bantignies, Laurent Alvarez, Bruno Jousselme, Juan Carlos Moreno-López, Patrick Hermet, Romain Chambard, Kazu Suenaga, Thomas Pichler, Yuta Sato, R. Aznar, Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Universität Bremen, Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Faculty of Physics [Vienna], Universität Wien, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Nanomaterials Research Institute, Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University [Osaka], Laboratoire Innovation en Chimie des Surfaces et NanoSciences (LICSEN UMR 3685), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Nanotube, Materials science, Photoluminescence, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Molecular physics, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, symbols.namesake, law, Electron affinity, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Acceptor, symbols, Light emission, Ionization energy, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy
Abstract: International audience; Photoluminescence of single-walled carbon nanotubes is monitored at the individual scale by molecule encapsulation into their hollow core. Depending on the electronic character (electron donor or acceptor) of the confined molecule, enhancement or quenching of the photoluminescence intensity is demonstrated. This behavior is assigned to a charge transfer, evidenced by the shift of the Raman G-band, and a correlated Fermi level shift shown by photoemission experiments. Our experimental results are supported by DFT calculations. A consistent picture of the physical interactions taking place in the hybrid systems and their effects on the optical and electronic properties is given. Our results indicate that the electron affinity or ionization potential of the encapsulated molecules and the diameter of the nanotube are relevant parameters to tune the light emission properties of the hybrid systems at the nanoscale.
Published: 2022

38. Integrative omics framework for characterization of coral reef ecosystems from the Tara Pacific expedition

Author: Caroline Belser, Julie Poulain, Karine Labadie, Frederick Gavory, Adriana Alberti, Julie Guy, Quentin Carradec, Corinne Cruaud, Corinne da Silva, Stefan Engelen, Paul Mielle, Aude Perdereau, Gaelle Samson, Shahinaz Gas, Genoscope Technical Team, Voolstra, Christian R., Galand, Pierre E., Michel Flores, J., Benjamin Cc Hume, Gabriela Perna, Maren Ziegler, Hans-Joachim Ruscheweyh, Emilie Boissin, Sarah Romac, Guillaume Bourdin, Guillaume Iwankow, Clémentine Moulin, Paz García, David A., Sylvain Agostini, Bernard Banaigs, Emmanuel Boss, Chris Bowler, Colomban de Vargas, Éric Douville, Didier Forcioli, Paola Furla, Éric Gilson, Fabien Lombard, Stephane Pesant, Stéphanie Reynaud, Shinichi Sunagawa, Olivier Thomas, Romain Troublé, Rebecca Vega Thurber, Didier Zoccola, Claude Scarpelli, Krame Jacoby, E., Oliveira, Pedro H., Jean-Marc Aury, Denis Allemand, Serge Planes, Patrick Wincker, Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Universität Konstanz, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen = Justus Liebig University (JLU), Department of Biology [ETH Zürich] (D-BIOL), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Maine, Tara Expéditions, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste [Mexico] (CONACYT-CIBNOR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Oregon State University (OSU), Menguy, Caroline, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)
Subjects: FOS: Biological sciences, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods, Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM), [INFO.INFO-BI] Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM]
Abstract: Coral reef science is a fast-growing field propelled by the need to better understand coral health and resilience to devise strategies to slow reef loss resulting from environmental stresses. Key to coral resilience are the symbiotic interactions established within a complex holobiont, i.e. the multipartite assemblages comprising the host coral organism, endosymbiotic dinoflagellates, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses. Tara Pacific is an ambitious project built upon the experience of previous Tara Oceans expeditions, and leveraging state-of-the-art sequencing technologies and analyses to dissect the biodiversity and biocomplexity of the coral holobiont screened across most archipelagos spread throughout the entire Pacific Ocean. Here we detail the Tara Pacific workflow for multi-omics data generation, from sample handling to nucleotide sequence data generation and deposition. This unique multidimensional framework also includes a large amount of concomitant metadata collected side-by-side that provide new assessments of coral reef biodiversity including micro-biodiversity and shape future investigations of coral reef dynamics and their fate in the Anthropocene.
Published: 2022
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39. 3rd IEEE International Workshop on Extreme-Scale Storage and Analysis (ESSA 2022)

Author: Tatebe, Osamu, Antoniu, Gabriel, Sato, Kento, Emani, Murali, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Scalable Storage for Clouds and Beyond (KerData), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), RIKEN Center for Computational Science [Kobe] (RIKEN CCS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), and Argonne National Laboratory [Lemont] (ANL)
Subjects: Data Analysis, Data storage systems, I/O, HPC, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Cloud
Abstract: Advances in storage are becoming increasingly critical because workloads on high performance computing (HPC) and cloud systems are producing and consuming more data than ever before, and the situation promises to only increase in future years. Additionally, the last decades have seen relatively few changes in the structure of parallel file systems, and limited interaction between the evolution of parallel file systems and I/O support systems that take advantage of hierarchical storage layers. However, recently the community has seen a large uptick in innovations in data storage and processing systems as well as in I/O support software. Our goals in the ESSA Workshop are to bring together expert researchers and developers in data-related areas such as storage, I/O, processing and analytics on extreme scale infrastructures including HPC systems, clouds, edge systems or hybrid combinations of these, to discuss advances and possible solutions to the new challenges we face.
Published: 2022

40. Heat equilibration of integer and fractional quantum Hall edge modes in graphene

Author: G. Le Breton, R. Delagrange, Y. Hong, M. Garg, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, R. Ribeiro-Palau, P. Roulleau, P. Roche, F. D. Parmentier, Groupe Nano-Electronique (GNE), Service de physique de l'état condensé (SPEC - UMR3680), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies (C2N), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: Hole-conjugate states of the fractional quantum Hall effect host counter-propagating edge channels which are thought to exchange charge and energy. These exchanges have been the subject of extensive theoretical and experimental works; in particular, it is yet unclear if the presence of integer quantum Hall edge channels stemming from fully filled Landau levels affects heat equilibration along the edge. In this letter, we present heat transport measurements in quantum Hall states of graphene demonstrating that the integer channels can strongly equilibrate with the fractional ones, leading to markedly different regimes of quantized heat transport that depend on edge electrostatics. Our results allow for a better comprehension of the complex edge physics in the fractional quantum Hall regime., Comment: Includes supplemental material
Published: 2022
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41. Metaphor-based metaheuristics, a call for action : the elephant in the room

Author: Marc Sevaux, Rubén Ruiz, Marco Dorigo, Kenneth Sörensen, Thomas Stützle, Christian Leonardo Camacho-Villalón, Felipe Campelo, Claus Aranha, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Aston University [Birmingham], Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS), Equipe DECIDE (Lab-STICC_DECIDE), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), and University of Antwerp (UA)
Subjects: Computer. Automation, 0209 industrial biotechnology, Metaphor, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Action (philosophy), Artificial Intelligence, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Metaheuristic, Computer communication networks, Engineering sciences. Technology, Mathematics, media_common
Abstract: Taking inspiration from natural behaviors to devise new optimization algorithms has played an important role in the history of the field of metaheuristics (Sörensen et al. 2017). Unfortunately, in the last two decades we have been witnessing a new trend by which dozens of metaphor-based metaheuristics based on the most diverse possible set of natural, artificial, social, and sometimes even supernatural phenomena and behaviors are proposed, without a clear motivation beyond the desire of their authors to publish their papers. Despite several attempts (Sörensen 2015; Sörensen et al. 2019; Weyland 2010; Piotrowski et al. 2014; Fong et al. 2016; Camacho Villalón et al. 2019; Camacho Villalón et al. 2020; Swan et al. 2015; Lones 2020; Tzanetos and Dounias 2020) to put an end to the flood of increasingly outlandish, “novel” metaphor-centered metaheuristics, there is still a steady inflow of such papers submitted, and often accepted for publication. For many reasons, we believe this is detrimental to the field of metaheuristics. This letter describes some of the negative effects of publishing such papers in the literature and proposes a necessary action to try to put a limit to this highly undesirable phenomenon.
Published: 2022

42. Fair power and transmission rate control in wireless networks

Author: Jérôme Galtier, Corinne Touati, Eitan Altman, Models for the performance analysis and the control of networks (MAESTRO), Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), France Télécom Recherche & Développement (FT R&D), France Télécom, Department of Computer Science [Tsukuba], Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering [Tsukuba], Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba -Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, and INRIA, INSa Lyon, Alcatel, IFIP
Subjects: Wireless network, business.industry, Computer science, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Fair queuing, 02 engineering and technology, Session 4 : Channel Access and Scheduling, ACM: C.: Computer Systems Organization/C.2: COMPUTER-COMMUNICATION NETWORKS, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Bandwidth allocation, Max-min fairness, Asynchronous Transfer Mode, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Fairness measure, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Maximum throughput scheduling, ACM: C.: Computer Systems Organization, business, Computer network, Power control
Abstract: http://citi.insa-lyon.fr/wons2006/index.html; In third generation mobile networks, transmission rates can be assigned to both real time and non real time applications. We address in this paper the question of how to allocate transmission rates in a manner that is both optimal and fair. As optimality criterion we use the Pareto optimality notion, and as fairness criterion we use a general concept of which the max-min fairness (which is the standardized fairness concept in ATM networks) and the proportional fairness (which characterizes fairness obtained by some transport protocols for the Internet) are special cases.We show that the problem is a joint optimization system of the transmission rate and the power. We formulate the fair allocation problem as an optimization problem and propose both exact as well as approximating solutions. We consider both uplink and downlink problems and study also macrodiversity.
Published: 2004

43. Fruit setting rewires central metabolism via gibberellin cascades

Author: Yoshihito Shinozaki, Atsushi Fukushima, Miyako Kusano, Kazuki Mori, Masaru Takahara, Hitoshi Sakakibara, Keiji Nishida, Makoto Kobayashi, Duyên Prodhomme, Yves Gibon, Kentaro Ezura, Camille Bénard, Shuhei Hao, Hiroshi Ezura, Mikiko Kojima, Tohru Ariizumi, Satoshi Kuhara, Yuya Ohtani, Kazuki Saito, Yutaka Suzuki, Marie-Hélène Andrieu, Bertrand Beauvoit, Tetsuya Mori, Hirofumi Enomoto, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science Fellow, Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Kobe University, Kyushu University [Fukuoka], The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Teikyo University, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science [Yokohama] (RIKEN CSRS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Nagoya University, Chiba University, This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI), grants 15KK0273 and 221S0002, the Program to Disseminate Tenure Tracking System, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) bilateral program to T.A., and grants from the JSPS to Y. Shinozaki. (16J00582 and 19K23672) and K.E. (16J00797). National BioResource Project-Tomato for providing the tomato research material (TOMJPF0001), ANR-11-INBS-0012,PHENOME,Centre français de phénomique végétale(2011), and ANR-15-CE20-0009,FRIMOUSS,Modélisation intégrative du fruit pour un système de sélection unifié(2015)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Sucrose, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Fructokinase, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, plante fruitière, Solanum lycopersicum, Plant Growth Regulators, Metabolome, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, tomatoes, métabolisme, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Plant Proteins, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, food and beverages, Fructose, fruit, Metabolism, Biological Sciences, Plants, Genetically Modified, gibberellin, Carbon, Gibberellins, Citric acid cycle, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, parthenocarpy, Gibberellin, fruit set, metabolic enzymes, Metabolic Networks and Pathways, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Fruit set is the process whereby ovaries develop into fruits after pollination and fertilization. The process is induced by the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) in tomatoes, as determined by the constitutive GA response mutant procera. However, the role of GA on the metabolic behavior in fruit-setting ovaries remains largely unknown. This study explored the biochemical mechanisms of fruit set using a network analysis of integrated transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and enzyme activity data. Our results revealed that fruit set involves the activation of central carbon metabolism, with increased hexoses, hexose phosphates, and downstream metabolites, including intermediates and derivatives of glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and associated organic and amino acids. The network analysis also identified the transcriptional hub gene SlHB15A, that coordinated metabolic activation. Furthermore, a kinetic model of sucrose metabolism predicted that the sucrose cycle had high activity levels in unpollinated ovaries, whereas it was shut down when sugars rapidly accumulated in vacuoles in fruit-setting ovaries, in a time-dependent manner via tonoplastic sugar carriers. Moreover, fruit set at least partly required the activity of fructokinase, which may pull fructose out of the vacuole, and this could feed the downstream pathways. Collectively, our results indicate that GA cascades enhance sink capacities, by up-regulating central metabolic enzyme capacities at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. This leads to increased sucrose uptake and carbon fluxes for the production of the constituents of biomass and energy that are essential for rapid ovary growth during the initiation of fruit set.
Published: 2020

44. Reaction mechanism of N-cyclopropylglycine oxidation by monomeric sarcosine oxidase

Author: Yasuteru Shigeta, Yukihiro Abe, Mauro Boero, Yoshiaki Nishiya, Mitsuo Shoji, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace (FMNGE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Setsunan University, and Partenaires INRAE
Subjects: Reaction mechanism, Sarcosine, Stereochemistry, Reaction step, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Imine, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Flavin group, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Sarcosine Oxidase, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nucleophile, chemistry, CpG site, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Oxidation-Reduction, Protein Binding, Sarcosine oxidase
Abstract: International audience; Monomeric sarcosine oxidase (MSOX) is a fundamental-yet one of the simplest-member of a family of flavoenzymes able to catalyze the oxidation of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) and other secondary amines. MSOX is one of the best characterized members of the amine oxidoreductases (AOs), however, its reaction mechanism is still controversial. A single electron transfer (SET) process was suggested on the basis of studies with N-cyclopropylglycine (CPG), although a hydride transfer mechanism would be more consistent in general for AOs. To shed some light on the detailed reaction mechanisms of CPG in MSOX, we performed hybrid quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) simulations. We found that the polar mechanism is energetically the most favorable. The free energy profile indicates that the first rate-limiting step is the CPG binding to the flavin ring which simultaneously proceeds with the ring-opening of the CPG cyclopropyl group. This reaction step of the CPG adduct formation corresponds to the nucleophilic attack of the cyclopropyl group (C3 atom) to the flavin ring (C4a atom), whereas the expected radical species formation in the SET mechanism was not observed. The following inactivated species, which accumulates during the CPG oxidation in MSOX, can be ascribed to an imine state, and not an enamine state, on the basis of the computed UV/Vis spectra. The conformation of CPG was found to be crucial for reactions following the CPG adduct formation.
Published: 2020

45. Historical and future changes in global flood magnitude – evidence from a model–observation investigation

Author: H. X. Do, F. Zhao, S. Westra, M. Leonard, L. Gudmundsson, J. E. S. Boulange, J. Chang, P. Ciais, D. Gerten, S. N. Gosling, H. Müller Schmied, T. Stacke, C.-E. Telteu, Y. Wada, University of Adelaide, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Physics Department [Adelaide], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), School of Geography [Nottingham], University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), European Project: 776613,Fighting and adapting to climate change,H2020-EU.3.5.1,EUCP(2017), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Climate change, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Streamflow, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Flood myth, lcsh:T, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Radiative forcing, 020801 environmental engineering, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Climatology, Spatial ecology, Environmental science, Climate model
Abstract: International audience; To improve the understanding of trends in extreme flows related to flood events at the global scale, historical and future changes of annual maxima of 7 d streamflow are investigated , using a comprehensive streamflow archive and six global hydrological models. The models' capacity to charac-terise trends in annual maxima of 7 d streamflow at the continental and global scale is evaluated across 3666 river gauge locations over the period from 1971 to 2005, focusing on four aspects of trends: (i) mean, (ii) standard deviation, (iii) percentage of locations showing significant trends and (iv) spatial pattern. Compared to observed trends, simulated trends driven by observed climate forcing generally have a higher mean, lower spread and a similar percentage of locations showing significant trends. Models show a low to moderate capacity to simulate spatial patterns of historical trends, with approximately only from 12 % to 25 % of the spatial variance of observed trends across all gauge stations accounted for by the simulations. Interestingly, there are statistically significant differences between trends simulated by global hydrological models (GHMs) forced with observational climate and by those forced by bias-corrected climate model output during the historical period, suggesting the important role of the stochastic natural (decadal, inter-annual) climate variability. Significant differences were found in simulated flood trends when averaged only at gauged locations compared to those averaged across all simulated grid cells, highlighting the potential for bias toward well-observed regions in our understanding of changes in floods. Future climate projections (simulated under the RCP2.6 and RCP6.0 greenhouse gas concentration scenarios) suggest a potentially high level of change in individual regions, with up to 35 % of cells showing a statistically significant trend (increase or de-Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 1544 H. X. Do et al.: Historical and future changes in global flood magnitude crease; at 10 % significance level) and greater changes indicated for the higher concentration pathway. Importantly, the observed streamflow database under-samples the percentage of locations consistently projected with increased flood hazards under the RCP6.0 greenhouse gas concentration scenario by more than an order of magnitude (0.9 % compared to 11.7 %). This finding indicates a highly uncertain future for both flood-prone communities and decision makers in the context of climate change.
Published: 2020

46. Tailoring the thermoelectric and structural properties of Cu–Sn based thiospinel compounds [CuM1+xSn1−xS4 (M = Ti, V, Cr, Co)]

Author: Jean François Halet, Takao Mori, Cédric Bourgès, Alizée Minard, David Berthebaud, Yuzuru Miyazaki, P. Sauerschnig, Bruno Fontaine, Bhuvanesh Srinivasan, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), School of Engineering [Tohoku Univ], Tohoku University [Sendai], International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), Laboratory for Innovative Key Materials and Structures (LINK), Saint-Gobain-National Institute of Materials Science-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science via JSPSMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [PE17748, P19720], JSPS KAKENHIMinistry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT)Japan Society for the Promotion of ScienceGrants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (KAKENHI) [19F19720, JP16H06441], JST-Mirai [JPMJMI19A1], SAINT-GOBAIN-National Institute of Materials Science-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Thermoelectrics, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, Band structure, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermoelectric materials, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Paramagnetism, Effective mass (solid-state physics), Annealing and Sintering, Transition metal, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, Crystal structures, Thiospinels, Thermoelectric effect, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Electronic band structure
Abstract: International audience; We report here a rich variation of the thermoelectric properties of a series of Cu-Sn based thiospinels of composition CuM1+xSn1-xS4 upon partial substitution at the Sn-site with a variety of transition elements (M = Ti, V, Cr, Co). The optimized synthesis and processing conditions we used enabled us to realize highly densified and homogeneous compounds. The V-series was found to exhibit the lowest performing thermoelectric properties, whereas Co and Ti substituted compounds showed moderate thermoelectric properties with a maximum figure of merit (zT(max)) of similar to 0.02 and similar to 0.07 at 673 K, respectively. In contrast, the Cr substituted compounds exhibited better thermoelectric performance with zT similar to 0.2 at 673 K for the composition CuCr1.2Sn0.8S4. Both p- and n-type compounds were obtained; specifically, the Co and Ti series were found to be n-type, and the Cr series was found to be p-type. Besides the suppressed thermal transport, the attractive thermoelectric properties with the Cr-series can be attributed to the simultaneous increase of the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity with increasing temperature, thus resulting in an improved power factor. Experimental and DFT theoretical calculations also predict a considerable interaction between the carriers and magnetic moments, contributing to a higher effective mass, thus leading to higher thermopower and power factor for the Cr-series. Computed electronic density of states and band structures, in agreement with the experimental findings, envisaged n-type half-metallic character for the CuTi1+xSn1-xS4 paramagnetic compounds, n-type conducting behavior for the CuCo1+xSn1-xS4 compounds, p-type weak half-metallic character for the CuV1+xSn1-xS4 compounds, and p-type semiconducting behavior for the CuCr1+xSn1-xS4 ferromagnetic compounds. Computation of the electronic transport coefficients using the Boltzmann transport equation also suggests a better thermoelectric property, especially the thermopower, for the Cr-series when compared to its Ti/V/Co counterparts.
Published: 2020

47. Multi-SPMD Programming Model with YML and XcalableMP

Author: Miwako Tsuji, Matthias S. Müller, Serge G. Petiton, Christian Terboven, Thomas Dufaud, Nahid Emad, Hitoshi Murai, Mitsuhisa Sato, Joachim Protze, Taisuke Boku, RIKEN Center for Computational Science [Kobe] (RIKEN CCS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Center for Computational Sciences [Tsukuba] (CCS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche en Informatique, Signal et Automatique de Lille - UMR 9189 (CRIStAL), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maison de la Simulation (MDLS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique Parallélisme Réseaux Algorithmes Distribués (LI-PaRAD), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), RWTH Aachen University, and Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH)
Subjects: 020203 distributed computing, Multi-core processor, Correctness, Computer science, business.industry, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Parallel computing, Set (abstract data type), Software, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Programming paradigm, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], business, SPMD, Implementation
Abstract: This chapter describes a multi-SPMD (mSPMD) programming model and a set of software and libraries to support the mSPMD programming model. The mSPMD programming model has been proposed to realize scalable applications on huge and hierarchical systems. It has been evident that simple SPMD programs such as MPI, XMP, or hybrid programs such as OpenMP/MPI cannot exploit the postpeta- or exascale systems efficiently due to the increasing complexity of applications and systems. The mSPMD programming model has been designed to adopt multiple programming models across different architecture levels. Instead of invoking a single parallel program on millions of processor cores, multiple SPMD programs of moderate sizes can be worked together in the mSPMD programming model. As components of the mSPMD programming model, XMP has been supported. Fault-tolerance features, correctness checks, and some numerical libraries’ implementations in the mSPMD programming model have been presented.
Published: 2021

48. Task Assignment Strategies for Crowd Worker Ability Improvement

Author: Ria Mae Borromeo, Atsuyuki Morishima, Sihem Amer-Yahia, Masaki Matsubara, Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, University of the Philippines Open University (UPOU), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and ANR-19-P3IA-0003,MIAI,MIAI @ Grenoble Alpes(2019)
Subjects: formalization, Computer Networks and Communications, Computer science, media_common.quotation_subject, 02 engineering and technology, Crowdsourcing, Task (project management), Resource (project management), Learning potential, Human–computer interaction, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Learning theory, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], task assignment, Throughput (business), 050107 human factors, media_common, business.industry, 05 social sciences, crowdsourcing for learning, Human-Computer Interaction, business, Social Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract: International audience; Workers are the most important resource in crowdsourcing. However, only investing in worker-centric needs, such as skill improvement, often conflicts with short-term platform-centric needs, such as task throughput. This paper studies learning strategies in task assignment in crowdsourcing and their impact on platform-centric needs. We formalize learning potential of individual tasks and collaborative tasks, and devise an iterative task assignment and completion approach that implements strategies grounded in learning theories. We conduct experiments to compare several learning strategies in terms of skill improvement, and in terms of task throughput and contribution quality. We discuss how our findings open new research directions in learning and collaboration. CCS Concepts: • Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in collaborative and social computing.
Published: 2021

49. Transitions de phase ultra-rapides résolues en temps

Author: Servol, M., Mariette, Céline, Lorenc, Maciej, Cammarata, Marco, Bertoni, Roman, Collet, Eric, Cailleau, H., Boillot, M.-L., Levantino, Matteo, Enascescu, Christian, Ta-Phuoc, Vinh, Cario, L, Janod, Etienne, Ohkoshi, Shin-Ichi, Tokoro, H., Lemke, Henrik, Pezeril, Thomas, Chernukha, Yevheniia, Corraze, Benoit, Babich, Danylo, Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), GREMAN (matériaux, microélectronique, acoustique et nanotechnologies) (GREMAN - UMR 7347), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Centre Val de Loire (INSA CVL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Stanford University, Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (Nantes Univ - EPUN), and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)
Subjects: [PHYS]Physics [physics], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: National audience
Published: 2021

50. Symmetry-Protected Multifold Exceptional Points and Their Topological Characterization

Author: Pierre Delplace, Yasuhiro Hatsugai, Tsuneya Yoshida, Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tsukuba = University of Tsukuba, ANR-16-IDEX-0005,IDEXLYON,IDEXLYON(2016), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon
Subjects: Physics, Quantum Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Homotopy, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Antiunitary operator, Parity (physics), Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Parameter space, Characterization (mathematics), Topology, 01 natural sciences, Stability (probability), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), 0103 physical sciences, Homogeneous space, Symmetry (geometry), Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 010306 general physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MSQHE]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect [cond-mat.mes-hall]
Abstract: We investigate the existence of higher order exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems, and show that $\mu$-fold EPs are stable in $\mu-1$ dimensions in the presence of anti-unitary symmetries that are local in parameter space, such as e.g. PT or CP symmetries. This implies in particular that 3-fold and 4-fold symmetry-protected EPs are stable respectively in 2 and 3 dimensions. The stability of such exceptional points is expressed in terms of the homotopy properties of a "resultant vector" that we introduce. Our framework also allows us to rephrase the previously proposed $\mathbb{Z}_2$ index of PT and CP symmetric gapped phases beyond the realm of two-band models. We apply this general formalism to a frictional shallow water model that is found to exhibit 3-fold exceptional points associated with topological numbers $\pm1$. For this model, we also show different non-Hermitian topological transitions associated with these exceptional points, such as their merging and a transition to a regime where propagation becomes forbidden., Comment: accepted version to Phys. Rev. Lett
Published: 2021

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