Author: "Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"' showing total 466 results

Start Over Author "Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"

466 results on '"Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

1. Modelling of ultrasound transmission through a solid-liquid interface comprising a network of gas pockets

Author: Gilles Corneloup, Francois Baque, Dominique Chatain, Joseph Moysan, Kevin Paumel, Service de Technologie des Composants et des Procédés (STCP), Département Technologie Nucléaire (DTN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Ondes et Imagerie (O&I), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] (LMA ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Caractérisation Non Destructive [Aix en Provence] (LCND), MISTRAL-Lab, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Ondes et Imagerie ( O&I ), Laboratoire de Mécanique et d'Acoustique [Marseille] ( LMA ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Ecole Centrale de Marseille ( ECM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Département Technologie Nucléaire ( DTN )
Subjects: Materials science, Analytical chemistry, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, ultrasounds, 01 natural sciences, Nondestructive testing, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, sodium fast reactor, Transmission coefficient, Composite material, 010301 acoustics, [ PHYS.MECA.ACOU ] Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], non destructive testing, wetting, business.industry, Ultrasonic testing, technology, industry, and agriculture, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, [PHYS.MECA.ACOU]Physics [physics]/Mechanics [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], Transducer, Computer Science::Graphics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], interface, Ultrasonic sensor, spring model, Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; Ultrasonic inspection of sodium-cooled fast reactor requires a good acoustic coupling between the transducer and the liquid sodium. Ultrasonic transmission through a solid surface in contact with liquid sodium can be complex due to the presence of microscopic gas pockets entrapped by the surface roughness. Experiments are run using substrates with controlled roughness consisting of a network of holes and a modeling approach is then developed. In this model, a gas pocket stiffness at a partially solid-liquid interface is defined. This stiffness is then used to calculate the transmission coefficient of ultrasound at the entire interface. The gas pocket stiffness has a static, as well as an inertial component, which depends on the ultrasonic frequency and the radiative mass.
Published: 2011

2. Modification of β-gallium oxide electronic properties by irradiation with high-energy electrons

Author: T.-Huong Dang, M. Konczykowski, H. Jaffrès, V. I. Safarov, H.-J. Drouhin, Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés (LSI), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Défauts, Désordre et Structuration de la Matière (DDSM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité mixte de physique CNRS/Thales (UMPhy CNRS/THALES), THALES [France]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LSI - Théorie de la science des matériaux (TSM)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Abstract: We present a study of the modifications of the electronic properties of β-gallium oxide crystals by 2.5-MeV electron irradiation. This type of irradiation produces exclusively local point defects in Ga2O3, predominantly gallium vacancies, which act as acceptor centers. Starting with a highly n-doped sample, we establish a quantitative linear relation between the irradiation dose and the concentration of generated acceptor centers. This gives the possibility to tune the Fermi level position within the bandgap by choosing an appropriate irradiation dose. At high doses, with a very deep position of the Fermi level, the n-type sample becomes compensated, reaching a semi-insulating state. The downward shift of the Fermi level with irradiation allows us to reveal the presence of latent impurities of transition metals (like Cr and Fe), which are inactive in electron paramagnetic resonance and luminescence spectra of pristine samples. This study confirms the potential of electron irradiation as a tool for tailoring the electronic properties of gallium oxide.
Published: 2022

3. Heptane adsorption in silicalite-I: molecular dynamics simulation

Author: Simon , Jean-Marc, Floquet , Nicole, Coulomb , Jean-Paul, Bellat , Jean-Pierre, Weber , Guy, André , G., Simon, Jean-Marc, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin ( LLB - UMR 12 ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry
Abstract: International audience; Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to study the adsorption process of n-heptane molecules in silicalite-1 at 300 K. MD simulated results were compared to experimental neutron diffraction (ND) and experimental self-diffusion coefficients. The analysis of MD data indicated a packing of the adsorbed molecules around 4 mol./u.c., which is not the consequence of an enthalpic effect but of an entropic effect. The role of the n-heptane chain flexibility (cis–trans conformation) in relation with the silicalite-1 channel type (straight versus sinusoidal) was outlined and enabled to understand the mobility change arising at 4 mol./u.c., according to previous experimental results. The MD simulation also allowed to identify adsorption sites, three in the straight channels and three in the sinusoidal channels and to characterize their position, energy and occupation. Site position but only relative occupation data were in good agreement with neutron diffraction data. The assumption of a ‘‘commensurate freezing” to explain the step isotherm is discussed in the light of the MD simulation and ND refinement results.
Published: 2009

4. In situ study of the quasicrystal growth by synchrotron X-ray imaging

Author: José Baruchel, Thomas Schenk, P. Pino, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, H. Nguyen-Thi, J. Gastaldi, G. Reinhart, A. Buffet, H. Klein, H. Jung, Benjamin Grushko, B. Przepiarzynski, Jürgen Härtwig, Bernard Billia, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ESRF, IFF, FZ Juelich, Laboratoire de Cristallographie CNRS, Grenoble, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), IFF, Forschungszentrum Juelich, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS)
Subjects: Alloy, Oxide, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, Lattice (order), 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Supercooling, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Condensed matter physics, business.industry, Quasicrystal, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Synchrotron, Semiconductor, chemistry, Quasiperiodic function, Physical Sciences, engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; One of the main challenges of the quasicrystal science is to elucidate how the quasiperiodic order can extend so far, i.e. up to several centimeters according to the size of the single grains of various alloys routinely grown nowadays [1, 2, 3]. Noticing that most of the present knowledge on the growth of quasicrystal grains has been collected after their cooling at room temperature, we have carried out the first in situ and real time observation of this peculiar process which has clearly disclosed both, the shape of the growing interface and its defective state. Therefore we have studied the solidification of an AlPdMn alloy giving quasicrystal grains by synchrotron X-ray imaging, combining thereby the radiography and X-ray topography techniques. Radiography allowed us to clearly evidence a facetted growth proceeding by lateral motion of ledges at the solid-melt interface and controlled by the interface kinetics rather than by the local heat flow as widely thought. Thus a realistic estimate of the kinetic coefficient was deduced from the solid-melt interface undercooling which indicates that the quasicrystal growth is more likely comparable to both semiconductor and oxide growths than to pure metal growth. The X-ray topographs recorded simultaneously with radiographs, revealed that a lot of strains and defects are generated in the quasicrystal grains during their growth, which could be related to the growth process itself and very informative on the origin of the stability of the quasicrystal lattice.
Published: 2007

5. Growth Structures, Interface Dynamics and Stresses in Metallic Alloy Solidification: In situ Synchrotron X-ray Characterisation

Author: Billia, B., Gastaldi, J., Nguyen-Thi, H., Thomas Schenk, Reinhart, G., Mangelinck, N., Grushko, B., Klein, H., Härtwig, J., Baruchel, J., Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des matériaux (LPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), IFF, FZ Juelich, Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (MRS), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de physique des matériaux, UMR CNRS 7556, Ecole des Mines de Nancy, MRS - Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure, Institut Néel ( NEEL ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine (INPL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Matériaux, Rayonnements, Structure (NEEL - MRS)
Subjects: [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: International audience; In solidification processing, the physical properties are primarily controlled by the microstructure built in the solid. Thus, materials engineering requires detailed understanding of microstructure formation dynamics. Using in situ and real-time synchrotron X-ray imaging at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, the solidification progress in thin metallic alloys is characterized. On Al - 3.5 wt% Ni alloys, disorienting induced by stress accumulation with the development of columnar dendrites is observed. In particular, X-ray radiography shows bending of secondary dendrite arms which, in the columnar to equiaxed transition, can be furthermore precipitated by equiaxed crystal sedimentation. Ledge growth and facetted solid-melt interface are found on AlPdMn quasicrystals. Increasing the solidification rate, the kinetic undercooling becomes sufficient for nucleation and growth of new grains ahead of the columnar grains.
Published: 2007

6. Protein crystallography under xenon and nitrous oxide pressure: comparison with in vivo pharmacology studies and implications for the mechanism of inhaled anesthetic action

Author: Jana Sopkova-de Oliveira Santos, Jacques H. Abraini, Alain Brisson, Bernard Gallois, Françoise Bonneté, Denis Vivarès, Jean-Jacques Risso, Nathalie Colloc'h, Marc Lemaire, Béatrice Langlois d’Estainto, Thierry Prangé, Pascal Retailleau, Neurodégénérescence : modèles et stratégies thérapeutiques (NMST), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques (LCRB - UMR 8015), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Neurodégénérescence : modèles et stratégies thérapeutiques ( NMST ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles ( ICSN ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique ( LURE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés ( IMPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Imagerie Moléculaire et Nanobiotechnologies - Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie ( IECB ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération ( LBCMCP ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques ( LCRB - UMR 8015 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH : Oxygen, Xenon, MESH: Annexin A5, Urate Oxidase, MESH : Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Nitrous Oxide, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein structure, MESH: Protein Conformation, X-Ray Diffraction, MESH: Cytosol, Anesthesiology, MESH: Xenon, Anesthesia, Receptor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH : Protein Conformation, MESH: Nitrous Oxide, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, MESH : Cytosol, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Urate oxidase, Euphoria, 3. Good health, MESH : Anesthetics, MESH : Anesthetics, Inhalation, NMDA receptor, MESH : Urate Oxidase, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Gases, MESH: Urate Oxidase, MESH: Oxygen, Protein Binding, medicine.drug, Stereochemistry, Globular protein, Biophysics, Pain, MESH: Anesthetics, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical, Cell surface receptor, medicine, Pressure, Animals, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, Anesthetics, MESH: Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, Binding Sites, [ SDV.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, MESH : Nitrous Oxide, Proteins, equipment and supplies, MESH: Crystallography, X-Ray, chemistry, MESH: Binding Sites, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], MESH: Aspergillus flavus, Anesthetic, MESH : Xenon, MESH : Aspergillus flavus, Analgesia, Annexin A5, MESH : Crystallography, X-Ray, pharmacology, MESH : Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate, MESH : Annexin A5, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, MESH : Binding Sites, MESH: Anesthetics, Inhalation
Abstract: In contrast with most inhalational anesthetics, the anesthetic gases xenon (Xe) and nitrous oxide (N(2)O) act by blocking the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Using x-ray crystallography, we examined the binding characteristics of these two gases on two soluble proteins as structural models: urate oxidase, which is a prototype of a variety of intracellular globular proteins, and annexin V, which has structural and functional characteristics that allow it to be considered as a prototype for the NMDA receptor. The structure of these proteins complexed with Xe and N(2)O were determined. One N(2)O molecule or one Xe atom binds to the same main site in both proteins. A second subsite is observed for N(2)O in each case. The gas-binding sites are always hydrophobic flexible cavities buried within the monomer. Comparison of the effects of Xe and N(2)O on urate oxidase and annexin V reveals an interesting relationship with the in vivo pharmacological effects of these gases, the ratio of the gas-binding sites' volume expansion and the ratio of the narcotic potency being similar. Given these data, we propose that alterations of cytosolic globular protein functions by general anesthetics would be responsible for the early stages of anesthesia such as amnesia and hypnosis and that additional alterations of ion-channel membrane receptor functions are required for deeper effects that progress to "surgical" anesthesia.
Published: 2007

7. The Samson phase, β-Mg2Al3, revisited

Author: Stefan Brühne, J. P. A. Makongo, Françoise Bley, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Stefan Hoffmann, Daniel C. Fredrickson, Yuri Grin, Thomas Proffen, Jean Louis Chemin, C. Thomas, Volker Gramlich, Raul Cardoso, Thomas P. Weber, Bernard Billia, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Janusz J. Malinowski, Beata Dubiel, Jeppe Christensen, Guido Kreiner, Wieslawa Sikora, Sven Lidin, Marc de Boissieu, Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Anna Zielińska-Lipiec, Jürgen Schreuer, Jean Marc Joubert, Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera, Michael Feuerbacher, Walter Steurer, G. Krauss, Thomas Schenk, Wolf Assmus, Patricia Donnadieu, Marek Mihalkovic, Philippe Schaub, J. Gastaldi, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Laboratoire de Chimie Metallurgique des Terres Rares ( UPR 209 ), ISCSA-CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy ( ENSMN ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques ( LTPCM ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Faculty of metals engineering and industrial computer science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich ( ETH Zürich ), Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry ( Arrhenius Laboratory ), Stockholm University, Arrhenius Laboratory, Insitute of physics, Slovak Academy of Science, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science [Kraków] ( FPACS ), AGH University of Science and Technology, Physikalisches Institut [Frankfurt/Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA, Insitut fur Geowissenschaften, Universitet Frankfurt, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids (CPfS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Chimie métallurgique des terres rares (CMTR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de thermodynamique et physico-chimie métallurgiques (LTPCM), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Physical, Inorganic and Structural Chemistry (Arrhenius Laboratory), Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science [Kraków] (FPACS), AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), and Institut für Geowissenschaften [Frankfurt am Main]
Subjects: Phase transition, 02 engineering and technology, Crystal structure, Magnesium aluminides, CMA, Samson phase, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, Thermal expansion, Inorganic Chemistry, Elastic parameters, Phase (matter), 0103 physical sciences, Electron microscopy, General Materials Science, Microstructure, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Phase diagram, 010302 applied physics, Chemistry, Space group, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Powder diffraction structure analysis, X-ray diffraction, Crystallography, Reciprocal lattice, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, X-ray crystallography, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Co-Authors: Michael Feuerbacher, Carsten Thomas, Julien P. A. Makongo, Stefan Hoffmann, Wilder Carrillo-Cabrera, Raul Cardoso, Yuri Grin, Guido Kreiner, Jean-Marc Joubert, Thomas Schenk, Joseph Gastaldi, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Bernard Billia, Patricia Donnadieu, Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz, Anna Zielinska-Lipiec, Beata Dubiel, Thomas Weber, Philippe Schaub, Günter Krauss, Volker Gramlich, Jeppe Christensen, Sven Lidin, Daniel Fredrickson, Marek Mihalkovic, Wieslawa Sikora, Janusz Malinowski, Stefan Brühne, Thomas Proffen, Wolf Assmus, Marc de Boissieu, Francoise Bley, Jean-Luis Chemin, Jürgen Schreuer Abstract. The Al−Mg phase diagram has been reinvestigated in the vicinity of the stability range of the Samson phase, β-Mg2Al3 (cF1168). For the composition Mg 38.5 Al 61.5, this cubic phase, space group Fd-3m (no 227), a = 28.242(1) Å, V = 22526(2) Å3, undergoes at 214 °C a first-order phase transition to rhombohedral β′-Mg2Al3(hR293), a = 19.968(1) Å, c = 48.9114(8) Å, V = 16889(2) Å3, (i.e. 22519 Å3 for the equivalent cubic unit cell) space group R3m (no 160), a subgroup of index four of Fd-3m. The structure of the β-phase has been redetermined at ambient temperature as well as in situ at 400 °C. It essentially agrees with Samson's model, even in most of the many partially occupied and split positions. The structure of β′-Mg2Al3is closely related to that of the β-phase. Its atomic sites can be derived from those of the β-phase by group-theoretical considerations. The main difference between the two structures is that all atomic sites are fully occupied in case of the β′-phase. The reciprocal space, Bragg as well as diffuse scattering, has been explored as function of temperature and the β- to β′-phase transition was studied in detail. The microstructures of both phases have been analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray topography showing them highly defective. Finally, the thermal expansion coefficients and elastic parameters have been determined. Their values are somewhere in between those of Al and Mg.
Published: 2007

8. Formation of todorokite from vernadite in Ni-rich hemipelagic sediments

Author: Nicolas Geoffroy, Alain Baronnet, Sabine Bodeï, Martine Buatier, Alain Manceau, Département des Géosciences, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Géosciences, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Birnessite, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Structural formula, Manganese, engineering.material, Triclinic crystal system, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Nickel, Crystallography, chemistry, Todorokite, Geochemistry and Petrology, Genetic model, engineering, Crystallite, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Todorokite is considered to form from vernadite in nature and commonly concentrates nickel. However, this mineralogical transformation has never been imaged nor explained mechanistically, and its effect on the uptake of nickel has never been quantified at the molecular-level. We have characterized these reactions at the macroscopic, microscopic, nanoscopic and atomic scales in a marine manganese concretion by combining transmission electron microscopy, electron and X-ray microprobe analysis, powder and micro X-ray diffraction, and Mn and Ni K-edge EXAFS spectroscopy. The concretion was collected during the Ticoflux II expedition near the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica, and is representative of Mn deposits in hemipelagic sediments. It consists of 5 to 25 μm aggregates, shaped like sea-urchins, with a core of 7A-vernadite (1.0 wt% Ni), a rim of 10A-vernadite (3.8 wt% Ni), and an outermost region of todorokite fibers (1.9 wt% Ni) that extend outwards. The crystallites of 7A-vernadite are single- to bi-layered, with hexagonal layer symmetry (a = b = 2.83 A), and an average structural formula of Mg 0.161 2 + Ca 0.010 2 + K 0.016 + [ Mn 0.902 4 + Vac 0.083 Ni 0.015 2 + ] O 2 · n H 2 O . The crystallites of 10A-vernadite contain 10 to 20 layers semi-coherently stacked in the ab plane and uniformly separated in the [0 0 1] direction by ∼9 A due to the intercalation of hydrated Mg2+ cations. The average structural formula of 10A-vernadite is Mg 0.187 2 + Ca 0.016 2 + K 0.013 + [ Mn 0.864 4 + Vac 0.074 Ni 0.062 2 + ] O 2 · n H 2 O if the layers contain vacancy sites, or alternately Mg 0.202 2 + Ca 0.018 2 + K 0.014 + [ Mn 0.613 4 + Mn 0.320 3 + Ni 0.067 2 + ] O 2 · n H 2 O , if they contain Mn3+. The average formula of todorokite is Mg 0.178 2 + Ca 0.013 2 + K 0.019 + [ Mn 0.612 4 + Mn 0.356 3 + Ni 0.032 2 + ] O 2 · n H 2 O . A genetic model is proposed based on combining these new data with previously published results. The thermodynamically unstable 7A-vernadite transforms via dissolution-recrystallization to semi-ordered Mg-rich 10A-vernadite. Nickel is released from dissolved biogenic silica or reduced organic matter, and taken up mainly in the Mn layer of 10A-vernadite. Interlayer magnesium serves as a template to the further topotactic transformation of 10A-vernadite to todorokite. The dimension of the todorokite tunnels in the [0 0 1] direction is uniform and determined by the size of the hydrated Mg2+ ion (8.6 A). The tunnel dimension in the [1 0 0] direction depends on the density of Mg2+ in the interlayer and the superstructure of the phyllomanganate layer. If the parent phyllomanganate contains high amounts of Mg2+ (i.e., high layer charge), or Mn3+ and Mn4+ cations ordered following the Mn3+–Mn4+–Mn4+ sequence as in synthetic triclinic birnessite, then the tunnel dimension is ideally 3 × 3 octahedral chain widths in both crystallographic directions. Otherwise, the tunnel dimension is incoherent in the [1 0 0] direction (i.e., T(3,n) tunnel structure), as has been observed in all natural todorokites. Natural todorokite is defective because the precursor natural phyllomanganates either have a layer charge deficit below 0.33e per octahedral site, or rarely are triclinic birnessite. The abundance of Mg in seawater and its key role in converting phyllomanganate to tectomanganate with T(3,n) tunnel structure explain why todorokite is common in marine ferromanganese oxides, and seldom present in terrestrial environments. The topotactic phase transformation described here is the only known route to todorokite crystallization. This implies that all natural todorokites may be authigenic because they are formed in situ from a phyllomanganate precursor.
Published: 2007

9. Heptane Adsorption in Silicalite-1: Neutron Scattering Investigation

Author: J. P. Coulomb, N. Floquet, Gilles Andre, Jean-Marc Simon, Guy Weber, J. P. Bellat, Simon, Jean-Marc, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin ( LLB - UMR 12 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Cinam, Hal, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Léon Brillouin (LLB - UMR 12), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Heptane, Phase transition, Chemistry, Rietveld refinement, Neutron diffraction, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron scattering, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, General Energy, Adsorption, Deuterium, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Molecule, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Structural properties of confined deuterated n-heptane in silicalite-1 have been investigated by neutron scattering experiments during the adsorption process. At 300 K, the adsorption isotherm shows a sharp inflection at a loading near Nads ) 4 molecules per silicalite-1 unit cell. In addition, the diffusivities obtained from recent QENS data exhibit a loading dependence. Our motivation is to find structural signatures of the peculiar behavior of n-heptane in silicalite-1 and to check the numerous computer simulation findings of this behavior. Our detailed neutron diffraction investigation agrees with the MONO-ORTHO phase transition of the silicalite-1 above a Nads value of 4 molecules per unit cell, while no transition is reported for the n-hexane/silicalite-1 system at 300 K. Besides, the adsorption of C7D16 molecules in silicalite-1 is proved to be a two-step filling process. The location of the C7D16 molecules at increasing loading obtained from Rietveld refinement shows that the C7D16 molecules begin by first filling the straight channels, then near Nads ) 4 mol./u.c., C7D16 molecules fill both straight and sinusoidal channels. Our structural results happen to be in agreement with computer simulation calculations newly reported by Song et al. By contrast, the commensurate “freezing” of n-heptane in the sinusoidal channels of the silicalite-1 obtained from molecular simulation does not explain the two-step adsorption process. Rather, it corresponds to the final adsorption state similar to the molecular arrangement determined for the 8 n-hexane/silicalite-1 complex at 180 K. Recent thermodesorption studies on the both n-heptane/ZSM-5 and n-heptane/ZSM-11 systems showed also the defectiveness of the commensurate “freezing” interpretation.
Published: 2007

10. Dynamique de formation de la microstructure de solidification d'alliages métalliques : caractérisation par imagerie X synchrotron

Author: Reinhart , Guillaume, Nguyen-Thi , Henri, Billia , Bernard, Gastaldi , Joseph, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, Bernard BILLIA(bernard.billia@im2np.fr), Long Term Proposal - ESRF, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Topographie X synchrotron, Solidification dirigée, Directional Solidification, Contraintes, Quasicristaux, Dendrites, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Synchrotron X-ray radiography, Strains, Equiaxe, Synchrotron X-ray topography, Columnar, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Alloys, Alliages, Microstructures, Quasicrystals, Transition Colonnaire, Radiographie X synchrotron, EquiaxedTransition
Abstract: We studied in situ and real-time the directional solidification of thin samples of binary alloys and a quasicrystal using both X-ray radiography and topography techniques. On Al-3.5wt%Ni non-refined alloys, we studied the formation of the initial state and the solidification front morphology (cellular then dendritic growth). Mechanical strains were highlighted. The Columnar to Equiaxed Transition was studied on Al-3.5wt%Ni refined alloys. We described the blocking of the columnar front and the following equiaxed growth regime. The refining particles efficiency reaches a limit. An analysis of the microstructure morphology was performed. The study of the i-AlPdMn quasicrystal shows the growth of faceted dodecahedral grains. Thermosolutal convection effects were highlighted. Strain visualisation shows a strong deformation of grains. The apparition of porosity was observed during fusion of grains.; Nous avons étudié in situ et en temps réel la solidification dirigée d'échantillons minces d'alliages binaires et d'un quasicristal en combinant radiographie et topographie X. Sur Al-3,5%pdsNi non-affiné, nous avons étudié la formation de l'état initial et la morphologie du front de solidification (croissance cellulaire puis dendritique). Les effets des contraintes mécaniques ont été mis en évidence. La transition colonnaire-équiaxe a été étudiée sur Al-3,5%pdsNi affiné. Nous avons décrit le blocage du front colonnaire et le régime de croissance équiaxe ultérieure. L'efficacité des affinants tend vers une limite. Une analyse de la morphologie des microstructures a été effectuée. L'étude du quasicristal i-AlPdMn montre la croissance de grains dodécaédriques facettés. Nous avons mis en évidence les effets de la convection thermosolutale. La visualisation des contraintes montre une forte déformation des grains. L'apparition de porosités a été observée au cours de la fusion des grains.
Published: 2006

11. Studies by In Situ and Real-Time Synchrotron Imaging of Interface Dynamics and Defect Formation in Solidification Processing

Author: Guillaume Reinhart, Holger Klein, Jürgen Härtwig, Bernard Billia, Thomas Schenk, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, J. Baruchel, Viviana Cristiglio, B. Grushko, J. Gastaldi, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), IFF Forschungszentrum Jülich (IFF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), IFF Forschungszentrum Jülich ( IFF ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, Nucleation, Synchrotron radiation, Solidification dynamics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Metallic alloys, law.invention, Synchrotron, law, 0103 physical sciences, Interface microstructure, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Supercooling, Directional solidification, X-ray imaging, Quasicrystal, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Crystallography, Beamline, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Quasicrystals
Abstract: International audience; The solid microstructure built in the solid governs the properties of materials elaborated from the melt. In order to clarify the dynamical mechanisms controlling solidification processing, we use in situ and real-time synchrotron X-ray radiography at ESRF (European Synchrotron Radiation Facility) to analyze microstructure formation in thin aluminum alloys solidified in the Bridgman facility installed at the ID19 beamline. During directional solidification of Al - 3.5 wt% Ni alloys, global mechanical constraints induced by the shape are found to act on the solid microstructure. In particular, radiography videos of dendritic growth show disorientations of sidebranches induced by mechanical stresses. In the solidification of AlPdMn quasicrystals, live imaging reveals that facetted growth proceeds by the lateral motion of ledges at the solid-melt interface. When the solidification rate is increased, the kinetic undercooling becomes sufficient for grain nucleation and growth in the liquid. These grains develop specific features that can be attributed to grain competition and concomitant poisoning of growth caused by the rejection of aluminum in the melt.
Published: 2006

12. In situ observation of pore evolution during melting and solidification of Al-Pd-Mn quasicrystals by synchrotron X-ray radiography

Author: Thomas Schenk, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Jürgen Härtwig, J. Gastaldi, B. Grushko, H. Nguyen Thi, H. Klein, Bernard Billia, José Baruchel, P. Pino, G. Reinhart, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IFF, FZ Juelich, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ESRF, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Thermal equilibrium, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Supersaturation, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], Materials science, Nucleation, Synchrotron radiation, Quasicrystal, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, law.invention, Crystallography, Chemical physics, law, Vacancy defect, 0103 physical sciences, Physical Sciences, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, Directional solidification
Abstract: International audience; Abstract It is now generally admitted that pores are intriguing special features of quasicrystals. Therefore, we have performed an “in situ” and real time observation of the pore evolution during directional solidification and melting cycles of an icosahedral Al-Pd-Mn bi-grained sample by synchrotron X-ray radiography. Rather surprisingly, no pore was observed to grow during the solidification stages. Nucleation and growth of pores were firstly seen during melting. These pores were subsequently shrinking either just being absorbed or during resumption of directional solidification. It is concluded that the vacancy origin of pores is certainly valid whereas the vacancy supersaturation needed thereby to explain their growth would be more probably related to the peculiar structure of quasicrystal than to the destruction of the thermal equilibrium.
Published: 2006

13. In situ and real-time probing of quasicrystal solidification dynamics by synchrotron imaging

Author: Thomas Schenk, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Viviana Cristiglio, Bernard Billia, José Baruchel, Jürgen Härtwig, H. Nguyen Thi, B. Grushko, J. Gastaldi, H. Klein, G. Reinhart, Cinam, Hal, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), IFF Forschungszentrum Jülich ( IFF ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Laboratoire de Cristallographie CNRS, Grenoble, Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), IFF Forschungszentrum Jülich (IFF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de Cristallographie, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Icosahedral symmetry, Kinetics, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Nucleation, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Recoil, law, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Fluid dynamics, ddc:530, 010302 applied physics, 81.10.Aj, 61.44.Br, 68.55.a, 81.30.Fb, Quasicrystal, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Synchrotron, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], chemistry, Chemical physics, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: Quasicrystal growth remains an unsolved problem in condensed matter. The dynamics of the process is studied by means of synchrotron live imaging all along the solidification of icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystals. The lateral motion of ledges driving faceted growth at the solid-melt interface is conclusively shown. When the solidification rate is increased, nucleation and free growth of new faceted grains occur in the melt due to the significant interface recoil induced by slow attachment kinetics. The detailed analysis of the evolution of these grains reveals the crucial role of aluminum rejection, both in the poisoning of their growth and driving fluid flow.
Published: 2006

14. Probing the dynamics of quasicrystal growth using synchrotron live imaging

Author: Nguyen-Thi, Henri, Gastaldi, Joseph, Schenk, Thomas, Reinhart, Guillaume, Mangelinck-Noel, Nathalie, Cristiglio, Viviana, Billia, Bernard, Grushko, Benjamin, Härtwig, Jürgen, Klein, Holger, Baruchel, Jose, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institüt für Festkörperforschung (IFF), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association-Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire de Cristallographie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Institüt für Festkörperforschung ( IFF ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Quasicrystal, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, Growth, PACS numbers : 81.10.Aj, 61.44.Br, 81.30.Fb, 07.85.Qe, 47.20.Ma, 47.20.Bp, Synchrotron, Radiography, Kinetics, Solidification, In situ observation, Nucleation, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: The dynamics of quasicrystal growth remains an unsolved problem in condensed matter. By means of synchrotron live imaging, facetted growth proceeding by the tangential motion of ledges at the solid-melt interface is clearly evidenced all along the solidification of icosahedral AlPdMn quasicrystals. The effect of interface kinetics is significant so that nucleation and free growth of new facetted grains occur in the melt when the solidification rate is increased. The evolution of these grains is explained in details, which reveals the crucial role of aluminum rejection, both in the poisoning of grain growth and driving fluid flow.
Published: 2005

15. In situ analysis of equiaxed growth of aluminium–nickel alloys by x-ray radiography at ESRF

Author: Thomas Schenk, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, J. Gastaldi, Jürgen Härtwig, M-D Dupouy, Bernard Billia, H. Nguyen-Thi, Viviana Cristiglio, G. Reinhart, José Baruchel, Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence ( L2MP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Elaboration par procédés magnétiques ( EPM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Elaboration par procédés magnétiques (EPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Equiaxed crystals, Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, chemistry.chemical_element, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Aluminium, law, 0103 physical sciences, Directional solidification, 010302 applied physics, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Synchrotron, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Characterization (materials science), Nickel, Beamline, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We present results obtained at the ID19 beamline of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) by synchrotron x-ray radiographyduring the solidification of Al–Ni alloys. We focus on columnar dendritic and equiaxed solidification, and the transition between the two regimes. Thecolumnar to equiaxed transition is a critical and still pending issue in metallurgy. By making use of the high potential of synchrotron experimental tools for in situ and real-time characterization of the solid–liquid interface during directional solidification, we were able to provide insight into key physical phenomena, in particular, sedimentation, interaction and arrangement of equiaxed grains.
Published: 2005

16. Structure and Deformations of Pd−Ni Core−Shell Nanoparticles

Author: Sergio Sao-Joao, J.M. Penisson, Sylvie Bourgeois, Suzanne Giorgio, Claude Henry, Chapon C, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ME ( ME ), Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) - Grenoble, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides (LRRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Physique des Matériaux et Microstructures (SP2M - UMR 9002), Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie (INAC), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: DECOMPOSITION, STRAIN, Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, OXIDATION, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, Microscopy, Materials Chemistry, LEIS, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, Spectroscopy, Bimetallic strip, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, REACTIVITY, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, INTERFACE, Crystallography, SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION, Chemical engineering, Transmission electron microscopy, GROWTH, METALS, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology, BIMETALLIC PARTICLES
Abstract: International audience; Homogeneous collections of Pd−Ni core−shell nanoparticles have been prepared by decomposition of metal−organic compounds and studied by several electron microscopy techniques: transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-filtered microscopy (EFTEM), and by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The physical and chemical properties of the Pd shell are supposed to depend on its electronic properties, which are influenced by the presence of the Ni core and by the deformation in the Pd lattice. Here, the interfacial structure of Pd/Ni and the lattice deformations in the core and the shell are studied in detail. The catalytic properties of the pure metal and the bimetallic particles, toward CO oxidation, have been investigated.
Published: 2005

17. Complexed and ligand-free high-resolution structures of urate oxidase (Uox) from Aspergillus flavus: a reassignment of the active-site binding mode

Author: Thierry Prangé, Gérald Monard, Bertrand Castro, Nathalie Colloc'h, Denis Vivarès, Françoise Bonneté, Pascal Retailleau, Jean-Paul Mornon, Mohamed El-Hajji, Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique (LURE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GIP Cyceron (Cyceron), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sanofi-Synthelabo, Sanofi-Synthélabo, Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés (IMPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes (SRSMC), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques (LCRB - UMR 8015), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire pour l'utilisation du rayonnement électromagnétique ( LURE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -MENRT-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), GIP Cyceron ( Cyceron ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -CHU Caen-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences ( CRMCN ), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de minéralogie et de physique des milieux condensés ( IMPMC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Structure et Réactivité des Systèmes Moléculaires Complexes ( SRSMC ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de cristallographie et RMN biologiques ( LCRB - UMR 8015 ), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)
Subjects: Urate Oxidase, Stereochemistry, Molecular Sequence Data, Protein Data Bank (RCSB PDB), Molecular Conformation, 010402 general chemistry, Crystallography, X-Ray, 01 natural sciences, Fungal Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, Bacterial Proteins, Structural Biology, Oxidoreductase, Catalytic Domain, Animals, Humans, Amino Acid Sequence, Enzyme Inhibitors, 030304 developmental biology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Active site, Substrate (chemistry), Urate oxidase, General Medicine, Ligand (biochemistry), 0104 chemical sciences, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Uric Acid, Oxonic Acid, Enzyme, chemistry, Xanthines, biology.protein, Uric acid, Sequence Alignment, PDB references: 1r56, 1r51, 1r4s and 1r4u, Aspergillus flavus, Protein Binding
Abstract: High-resolution X-ray structures of the complexes of Aspergillus flavus urate oxidase (Uox) with three inhibitors, 8-azaxanthin (AZA), 9-methyl uric acid (MUA) and oxonic acid (OXC), were determined in an orthorhombic space group (I222). In addition, the ligand-free enzyme was also crystallized in a monoclinic form (P2(1)) and its structure determined. Higher accuracy in the three new enzyme-inhibitor complex structures (Uox-AZA, Uox-MUA and Uox-OXC) with respect to the previously determined structure of Uox-AZA (PDB code 1uox) leads to a reversed position of the inhibitor in the active site of the enzyme. The corrected anchoring of the substrate (uric acid) allows an improvement in the understanding of the enzymatic mechanism of urate oxidase.
Published: 2004

18. Flexible photonic based on dielectric antennas

Author: Benali, Abdennacer, Claude, Jean-Benoît, Granchi, Nicoletta, Checcucci, Simona, Bouabdellaoui, Mohammed, Zazoui, Mimoun, Bollani, Monica, Salvalaglio, Marco, Wenger, Jérôme, Favre, Luc, Grosso, David, Ronda, Antoine, Berbezier, Isabelle, Gurioli, Massimo, Abbarchi, Marco, INL - Hétéroepitaxie et Nanostructures (INL - H&N), Institut des Nanotechnologies de Lyon (INL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-École supérieure de Chimie Physique Electronique de Lyon (CPE), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), European Laboratory for Nonlinear Spectroscopy (LENS), Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, Institute of Scientific Computing, Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L.E.N.S., Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics]
Abstract: International audience; Flexible and stretchable photonics are emerging fields aiming to develop novel applications where the devices need to conform to uneven surfaces or whenever lightness and reduced thickness are major requirements. However, owing to the relatively small refractive index of transparent soft matter including most polymers, these materials are not well adapted for light management at visible and near-infrared frequencies. Here we demonstrate simple, low cost and efficient protocols for fabricating Si1−xGex-based, sub-micrometric dielec-tric antennas over record scales (50 mm wafers) with ensuing hybrid integration into different plastic supports. The transfer process has a near-unity yield: up to 99.94% for disordered structures and 99.5% for the ordered counterpart. Finally, we benchmark the optical quality of the dielectric antennas with light scattering measurements , demonstrating the control of the islands structural colour and the onset of sharp Mie modes after encapsulation in plastic. Thanks to the ease of implementation of our fabrication methods, these results are relevant for the integration of SiGe-based dielectric Mie resonators in flexible substrates over large surfaces.
Published: 2020

19. Microstructure evolution and orientation relationships of CoCrFeNi thin films grown on (0001) alpha-Al2O3

Author: Addab, Younès, Kini, Maya, Courtois, Blandine, Savan, Alan, Ludwig, Alfred, Bozzolo, Nathalie, Scheu, Christina, Dehm, Gerhard, Chatain, Dominique, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design [MPIE Düsseldorf], Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Materials, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris
Subjects: Clusters, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Grain Boundaries, Composition & Microstructure - Features, Composition & Microstructure - Material, MS04: High-Entropy Alloys And Other Novel High-Temperature Structural Alloys, MS, Interface, Thin Film, Symposia, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience; The study of HEA in the form of thin films aims at providing missing data on HEA phase stability. Indeed, the small bulk volume of a film, combined with the presence of grain boundaries and interfaces, helps in achieving thermodynamic equilibration of these complex alloys. In addition, polycrystalline films can be used to test the role of grain boundaries on the mechanical properties of HEAs.Here we present a study of the stability of polycrystalline CoCrFeNi thin films, grown on (0001) α-Al2O3 (c-sapphire), with respect to annealing treatments. It has been found that extremely large grains can grow in the film depending on their orientation relationship to the c-sapphire substrate. Despite their complex chemistry, the grains in the 200 - 670 nm thick CoCrFeNi FCC films investigated, adopt the same orientation relationships as those of pure FCC metal films on c-sapphire. However, the grains in CoCrFeNi grow much larger at homologous annealing temperatures.The films have been synthesized at room temperature, using magnetron sputtering from four pure element targets in a chamber with UHV base vacuum. They consist of 30-100 nm wide columnar FCC grains with a texture. Upon annealing for 1 hour in the range 973 K to 1423 K under an Ar-H2 atmosphere, grain growth and grain boundary grooving compete to either stabilize or break-up the film. The microstructure evolves into larger grains and/or islands, of four different orientation relationships: OR1 (Me(111)[1-10]//α-Al2O3(0001)[1-100] and OR2 (Me(111)[1-10]//α-Al2O3(0001)[11-20] and their twins (OR1t and OR2t).Thinner films and higher temperatures favor the dewetting of the film to form single-crystalline islands. Dewetting initiates from holes which nucleate at grain boundary triple junction grooves, and which have deepened sufficiently to reach the substrate. At the highest temperatures, the OR2 and OR2t grains grow to sizes exceeding 1000 times the film thickness. The migration of the grain boundaries of these grains is fast enough to overcome both grooving and the nucleation of dewetting holes.
Published: 2019

20. Templated dewetting of single-crystal sub-millimeter-long nanowires and on-chip silicon circuits

Author: Meher Naffouti, Antonio M. Mio, Monica Bollani, Mario Lodari, Jean-Benoît Claude, Marco Salvalaglio, Marco Abbarchi, Ibtissem Fraj, Antoine Ronda, David Grosso, Mohammed Bouabdellaoui, Isabelle Berbezier, Luc Favre, Stefano Di Corato, A. Benali, Axel Voigt, Alexey V. Fedorov, Giuseppe Nicotra, Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), ICT Institute of Politecnico di Milano, Institute of Scientific Computing, Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter and Renewable Energy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), CNR Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie [Padova] (IFN), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Department of Geology & Geophysics, Yale University [New Haven], Laboratoire de Micro-optoélectronique et Nanostructures [Monastir], Faculté des Sciences de Monastir (FSM), Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM)-Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain (LPA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Electron mobility, Materials science, Silicon, Science, Nanowire, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Hardware_PERFORMANCEANDRELIABILITY, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Si nanowires, law.invention, Monocrystalline silicon, law, Electronic devices, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, Dewetting, lcsh:Science, Electronic circuit, Si dewetting, Multidisciplinary, Nanowires, business.industry, Transistor, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, lcsh:Q, phase field simulation, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hardware_LOGICDESIGN
Abstract: Large-scale, defect-free, micro- and nano-circuits with controlled inter-connections represent the nexus between electronic and photonic components. However, their fabrication over large scales often requires demanding procedures that are hardly scalable. Here we synthesize arrays of parallel ultra-long (up to 0.75 mm), monocrystalline, silicon-based nano-wires and complex, connected circuits exploiting low-resolution etching and annealing of thin silicon films on insulator. Phase field simulations reveal that crystal faceting and stabilization of the wires against breaking is due to surface energy anisotropy. Wires splitting, inter-connections and direction are independently managed by engineering the dewetting fronts and exploiting the spontaneous formation of kinks. Finally, we fabricate field-effect transistors with state-of-the-art trans-conductance and electron mobility. Beyond the first experimental evidence of controlled dewetting of patches featuring a record aspect ratio of \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}~1/60000 and self-assembled \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\sim$$\end{document}~mm long nano-wires, our method constitutes a distinct and promising approach for the deterministic implementation of atomically-smooth, mono-crystalline electronic and photonic circuits., Fabricating defect-free micro- and nano-circuits over large scales with controlled interconnections remains a challenge. Here, Bollani et al. show a dewetting strategy for engineering arrays of parallel Si-based nanowires up to 0.75 mm and complex interconnected circuits of monocrystalline Si on a chip.
Published: 2019

21. HEA thin films on c-sapphire: grain growth, orientation relationships and dewetting

Author: Addab, Younès, Courtois, Blandine, Kini, Maya, Savan, Alan, Ludwig, Alfred, Bozzolo, Nathalie, Scheu, Christina, Dehm, Gerhard, Chatain, Dominique, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design [MPIE Düsseldorf], Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Materials, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

22. Films minces de CoCrFeNi sur saphir-c : croissance de grains, relations d’orientation et démouillage

Author: Addab, Younès, Courtois, Blandine, Kini, Maya, Savan, Alan, Ludwig, Alfred, Bozzolo, Nathalie, Scheu, Christina, Dehm, Gerhard, Chatain, Dominique, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Microstructure Physics and Alloy Design [MPIE Düsseldorf], Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), Institute for Materials, Centre de Mise en Forme des Matériaux (CEMEF), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Montanuniversität Leoben (MUL), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

23. Structure of a Zn monolayer on Ag(111) and Ag(110) substrates: an AES, LEED and STM study

Author: B. Ealet, Haik Jamgotchian, Carole Fauquet, Sébastien Vizzini, H. Maradj, M. Ghamnia, J. P. Biberian, Nabil Rochdi, Bernard Aufray, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Materials science, Ag(110), Substrate surface, STM, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Moiré pattern, law, Monolayer, Materials Chemistry, Auger electron spectroscopy, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Low-energy electron diffraction, Ag(111), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Crystallography, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Scanning tunneling microscope, superstructure, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics), Superstructure (condensed matter), Zn monolayer
Abstract: Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Low Energy Electron Diffraction and Scanning Tunneling Microscopy have been used to study the atomic structure of a Zn monolayer deposited on Ag(111) and Ag(110) substrates at room temperature. On both faces, there is formation of a close packed monolayer of Zn covering the entire substrate surface and giving rise to specific Moir{\'e} patterns. From a comprehensive LEED and STM data analysis, we deduce that the Zn monolayer adopts a (111) structure equivalent to a pure Zn layer rotated with respect to the silver substrate, of about $1.5^\circ$ on the Ag(111) face and of about $4.5^\circ$ on the Ag(110) face giving rise respectively to ($\sqrt{156}\times\sqrt{156})R18^\circ$ and c(12x6) superstructures.
Published: 2019

24. Thermodynamic properties of mixed-layer illite-smectite by calorimetric methods: Acquisition of the enthalpies of mixing of illite and smectite layers

Author: Hitoshi Kawaji, Georges Mikaelian, P. Vieillard, Claire I. Fialips, Benoît Madé, Philippe Blanc, Valérie Montouillout, Eric C. Gaucher, Jean-Marc Greneche, J. Olives, Jacques Rogez, Hélène Gailhanou, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Conditions Extrêmes et Matériaux : Haute Température et Irradiation (CEMHTI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Institut des Molécules et Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Le Mans Université (UM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie des Milieux et Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP), Université de Poitiers-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Société d’Accélération du Transfert de Technologies (SATT Grand Est), TOTAL-Scientific and Technical Center Jean Féger (CSTJF), TOTAL FINA ELF, and French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency
Subjects: Mixed layer, Gibbs free energies, Thermodynamics, 02 engineering and technology, Calorimetry, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 020401 chemical engineering, Entropies, Illite-smectite, General Materials Science, 0204 chemical engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Heat capacities, [SDU.STU.AG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Applied geology, Mixing (physics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Mineral, Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 0104 chemical sciences, Enthalpies, Illite, engineering, Clay minerals
Abstract: International audience; The stability of illite-smectite interstratified with respect to discrete illite and smectite minerals was investigated by measuring their thermodynamic properties. The standard thermodynamic properties of the illite-smectite ISCz-1 mineral (G, H, S, Cp, and V) were determined between 298.15 K and 375 K by using calorimetric methods. Moreover, the enthalpies of mixing between the illite and smectite layers were measured at 298.15 K by acid solution calorimetry from a complete series of illite-smectite interstratified minerals (Shinzan area, Japan). The measured values were slightly negative, with a minimum value of −3.7 kJ.mol−1. This contributed to the stability of the mixed-layer with respect to a mechanical mixture of illite and smectite. In addition, the model from Blanc et al. (2015) was implemented to estimate the thermodynamic properties of the interstratified illite-smectite ISCz-1 mineral. The predicted values were consistent with the experimental results. However, the estimates were slightly improved by considering the thermodynamic properties of the mixture of the illite and smectite components and then adding the terms of energies of mixing. This could be confirmed by establishing the stability domains of ISCz-1 and those of the corresponding illite and smectite end-members according to Meunier and Velde’s determination of the smectite to illite reaction pathways (Meunier and Velde, 1989).
Published: 2019

25. Tuning bimetallic catalysts for a selective growth of SWCNTs

Author: Salomé Forel, Annick Loiseau, Hakim Amara, Laure Catala, Christophe Bichara, Alice Castan, Vincent Huc, Ileana Florea, Costel Sorin Cojocaru, Talal Mallah, Frédéric Fossard, Laboratoire de physique des interfaces et des couches minces [Palaiseau] (LPICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X), Laboratoire d'étude des microstructures [Châtillon] (LEM - ONERA - CNRS), Université Paris Saclay (COmUE)-ONERA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique du solide (Namur) (LPS), Facultés Universitaires Notre Dame de la Paix (FUNDP) - Namur, Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Matériaux et nanosciences d'Alsace, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Réseau nanophotonique et optique, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d'Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Chimie Moléculaire (SCM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LEM, UMR 104 CNRS-ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-13-BS10-0015,SYNAPSE,Synthèse de Nanotubes à Propriétés Spécifiques(2013), ANR-10-EQPX-0050,TEMPOS,Microscopie electronique en transmission sur le plateau Palaiseau Orsay Saclay(2010), European Project: 604472,EC:FP7:NMP,FP7-NMP-2013-EU-Japan,IRENA(2013), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Coalescence (physics), Materials science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanoparticle, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Applied Physics (physics.app-ph), Physics - Applied Physics, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Ruthenium, Catalysis, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Phenomenological model, Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], General Materials Science, Solubility, 0210 nano-technology, Carbon, Bimetallic strip
Abstract: Recent advances in structural control during the synthesis of SWCNTs have in common the use of bimetallic nanoparticles as catalysts, despite the fact that their exact role is not fully understood. We therefore analyze the effect of the catalyst' s chemical composition on the structure of the resulting SWCNTs by comparing three bimetallic catalysts (FeRu, CoRu and NiRu). A specific synthesis protocol is designed to impede the catalyst nanoparticle coalescence mechanisms and stabilize their diameter distributions throughout the growth. Owing to the ruthenium component which has a limited carbon solubility, tubes grow in tangential mode and their diameter is close to that of their seeding nanoparticle. By using as-synthesized SWCNTs as a channel material in field effect transistors, we show how the chemical composition of the catalysts and temperature can be used as parameters to tune the diameter distribution and semiconducting-to-metallic ratio of SWCNT samples. Finally, a phenomenological model, based on the dependence of the carbon solubility as a function of catalyst nanoparticle size and nature of the alloying elements, is proposed to interpret the results., 10 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2018

26. Growth Kinetics and Distribution of Trace Elements in Precious Corals

Author: Daniel Vielzeuf, Alexander C. Gagnon, Angèle Ricolleau, Jean-Luc Devidal, Catherine Balme-Heuze, Nassima Yahiaoui, Claire Fonquernie, Jonathan Perrin, Joaquim Garrabou, Jean-Marc Montel, Nicole Floquet, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Mécanismes et Transfert en Géologie (LMTG), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemical compositions, Corallium skeleton, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Period (periodic table), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, growth ring, Electron microprobe, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Growth ring, chemical composition, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Growth rate, lcsh:Science, Chemical composition, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Calcite, chemistry.chemical_classification, Chemistry, Barium, medullar zone, Medullar zone, Annular zone, annular zone, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, lcsh:Q
Abstract: Vielzeuf, Daniel ... et al.-- 18 pages, 9 figures, 3 tables, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2018.00167/full#supplementary-material, The concentration and spatial distribution of major (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Na, Sr, S, Li, Ba, Pb, and U) in different Corallium skeletons (C. rubrum, C. japonicum, C. elatius, C. konojoi) have been studied by electron microprobe (EMP) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS). EMP data show positive Na-Mg and negative Na-S and Mg-S correlations in all skeletons. LA-ICPMS data display additional Sr-Mg, Li-Mg, and U-Mg positive correlations. Medullar zones in the skeletons, corresponding to fast growing zones, are systematically richer in Mg, Na, Sr, Li, and U and poorer in S than the surrounding slow growing zones. These spatial distributions are mostly interpreted in terms of growth kinetics combined with steric effects influencing the incorporation of impurities in biogenic calcites. This interpretation is in agreement with available experimental data on kinetic effects on the incorporation of elements in calcite. At a different scale, annual growth rings in annular slow growing zones show oscillations in Mg, Na, Sr, and S. These chemical oscillations probably result from growth rate variations: fast growth would produce rings enriched in Mg, Sr, and Na, while slow growth would produce rings enriched in Ca, S and organic matter. From previous studies in C. rubrum, the Mg-rich rings would develop during the spring to fall period while the S-rich rings would form immediately after (late fall and winter). Analytical traverses performed in annular zones of different Corallium skeletons indicate that Mg, Na, Sr, Li, and U decrease from core to rim. This observation indicates that radial growth rate decreases as the colony gets older. Contrary to Mg, Na, Sr, Li, S, and U, barium and lead concentrations are identical in medullar and annular zones and appear independent of growth kinetics. Thus, concentrations in Corallium skeletons could provide indications on Ba and Pb contents in the oceans. Barium and lead concentrations are higher in Mediterranean than in Pacific precious corals, these two elements can be used to discriminate C. rubrum from C. japonicum, and contribute enforcing regulations on the trade of precious corals, This work has been supported by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), by the Institut National des Sciences de l’Univers (INSU) through grant INTERRVIE 2017 to DV, by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (ANR) through ANR CoRo 2011-2015, by the Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM) through internal grants, and by the European Union COST action TD0903
Published: 2018

27. Experimental study of the Ultra High T metamorphism of a restitic metapelitic granulite: role of a previous partial melting event on the UHT metamorphism and influence of the redox state

Author: Nicollet, Christian, Vielzeuf, D., Savoye, R, Bosse, V., Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and nicollet, christian
Subjects: [SDU.STU.PE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, [SDU.STU.PE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography
Abstract: International audience; The origin of UHT metamorphism prevailing in the continental crust is still matter of debate. Partial melting probably plays a key role. UHT metamorphism occurs at temperatures above the fluid-absent melting of most crustal rocks. Partial melting is an endothermic process that consumes heat and buffers the temperature at around 750-850°C. Thus, partial melting prevents a fertile crust to attain UHT. Conversely, UHT conditions can be more easily reached upon refractory / restitic rocks and occur preferentially in terranes that underwent previous partial melting event and melt loss. The Gruf complex (Lepontine Alps) is a field area that confirms this scenario; it is one of the rare occurrences of Eocene UHT metamorphism in the world. This complex previously suffered the post Hercynian high-thermal regime responsible for the widespread formation of granulites in the Austro-alpine domain and Southern Alps. We propose that the typical UHT parageneses of the Gruf complex crystallized from refractory/restitic lithologies. The refractory character was acquired through fluid-absent melting reactions during the post Hercynian metamorphic event, while UHT conditions were reached during the Alpine cycle. The typical mineral assemblage diagnostic of UHT metamorphism Spr + Qtz is sometimes replaced by the Spl + Qz assemblage under similar P-T conditions. The reason for this dichotomy is not yet understood. In order to bring new elements to this discussion, we conducted experiments in an internally-heated pressure vessel on a metapelitic granulite from the Ivrea zone composed of Q-Grt-Sil-Kf±Pl±Bt±Rt. This rock is representative of a component of the lower crust after melt extraction. It would represent a restite associated with the process of differentiation of the crust. The P and T intervals considered during these experiments were 0.3-0.8GPa and 950-1050°C; their duration lasted 7 or 13 days. Between 0.8-0.6 GPa, the paragenesis is Spr-Opx-Sil-Qz-TiMag-Melt (and Grt at T < 950°C) for the long-time experiments. For the short-duration experiments (same, P, T, and X), the paragenesis is Spl-Qz-Sil-TiMag-Melt. We interpret the change of paragenesis to a change from reducing (short-duration) to more oxydizing conditions (long-duration) due to progressive loss of hydrogen during the experiments at very high temperatures. At 0.3GPa, the stable assemblage is Spl-Qz-Sil-TiMag-Ilm-Melt-Crd and/or Osm and Grt at T>900°C, whatever the duration of the experiment. In conclusion, our experiments show that UHT conditions applied to a restite from the lower crust produce typical parageneses of UHT metamorphism. They also suggest that Spl-Qz assemblages are indicative of reducing conditions while Spr-Qz assemblages prevail under more oxidised conditions.
Published: 2018

28. Topologically frustrated ionisation in a water-ammonia ice mixture

Author: Liu, C., Mafety, A., Queyroux, A., Wilson, C., Zhang, H., Beneut, K., Le Marchand, G., Baptiste, B., Dumas, P., Garbarino, G., Finocchi, Fabio, Loveday, J., Pietrucci, F., Saitta, A., Datchi, F., Ninet, S., Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Département de Chimie Moléculaire - Chimie Inorganique Redox Biomimétique (DCM - CIRE ), Département de Chimie Moléculaire (DCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oxydes en basses dimensions (INSP-E9), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Superhard Mat, Changchun 130012, Jilin, Peoples R China, SUPA, Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15-CE30-0008,SUPER-ICES,Phases superioniques, ioniques et symétriques dans les mélanges de glace (H2O, NH3, CH4) sous conditions extrêmes(2015), ANR-13-BS04-0015,MOFLEX,Structure et dynamique des fluides moléculaires simples sous conditions extrêmes de pression et température(2013), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Science, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], lcsh:Q, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physics::Chemical Physics, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], lcsh:Science, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; Water and ammonia are considered major components of the interiors of the giant icy planets and their satellites, which has motivated their exploration under high P-T conditions. Exotic forms of these pure ices have been revealed at extreme (similar to megabar) pressures, notably symmetric, ionic, and superionic phases. Here we report on an extensive experimental and computational study of the high-pressure properties of the ammonia monohydrate compound forming from an equimolar mixture of water and ammonia. Our experiments demonstrate that relatively mild pressure conditions (7.4 GPa at 300 K) are sufficient to transform ammonia monohydrate from a prototypical hydrogen-bonded crystal into a form where the standard molecular forms of water and ammonia coexist with their ionic counterparts, hydroxide (OH-) and ammonium (NH4+) ions. Using ab initio atomistic simulations, we explain this surprising coexistence of neutral/charged species as resulting from a topological frustration between local homonuclear and long-ranged heteronuclear ionisation mechanisms
Published: 2017

29. Hydrothermal Steel Slag Valorization—Part II: Hydrogen and Nano-Magnetite Production

Author: Camille Crouzet, Fabrice Brunet, Nadir Recham, Anne-Line Auzende, Nathaniel Findling, Valérie Magnin, Jean-Henry Ferrasse, Bruno Goffé, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire réactivité et chimie des solides - UMR CNRS 7314 (LRCS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Mécanique, Modélisation et Procédés Propres (M2P2), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), ANR-10-LABX-0056,OSUG@2020,Innovative strategies for observing and modelling natural systems(2010), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, magnetite, Hydrogen, hydrogen production, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Activation energy, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Hydrothermal circulation, Ferrous, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, lcsh:Science, Dissolution, Magnetite, Hydrogen production, Slag, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, BOF steel slag, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, hydrothermal oxidation, lcsh:Q, nanoparticles, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The effect of acidic conditions (in a pH range of 3 to 6) and temperature on the kinetics of the hydrothermal oxidation of ferrous iron contained in BOF steel slag has been tested in the 150–350 • C range for acid acetic concentrations from 0 to 4 M. Reaction progress was monitored with the amount of produced H 2. Higher temperature and lower pH are found to enhance the hydrothermal oxidation kinetics of the slag. These two parameters are believed to increase iron dissolution rate which has already been identified as the rate limiting step of the hydrothermal oxidation of pure FeO. An activation energy of 28 ± 4 kJ/mole is found for the hydrothermal oxidation of the steel slag which compares very well with that of pure FeO under similar conditions. In the case of the slag run in water at 300 • C for 70.5 h, magnetite product has been separated magnetically and characterized. Particles were found to fall in three size ranges: 10–30 nm, 100–300 nm, and 1–10 µm. The smallest fraction (10–30 nm) is comparable to the 10–20 nm size range that is achieved when nanomagnetite are synthesized by co-precipitation methods. Obviously, the production of nanomagnetite enhances the economic interest of the hydrothermal processing of steel slags, which has already proven its capacity to produce high-purity H 2 .
Published: 2017

30. Evidence of exposure of laughing doves ( Spilopelia senegalensis ) to West Nile and Usutu viruses in southern Tunisian oases

Author: Abdessalem Hammouda, A. Poux, Tasnim Ayadi, Slaheddine Selmi, Sylvie Lecollinet, Thierry Boulinier, Centre de recherche scientifique et technique en soudage et contrôle (CSC), Centre de recherche, Transferts, écoulements, fluides, énergétique (TREFLE), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), UPE, European Union Reference Laboratory for equine diseases (EURL), SYnthèse, Modèles, Implications BIOlogiques (SYMBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), DGRST-CNRS [14/R0901], OSU OREME, CNRS INEE, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Tunisia, Epidemiology, West Nile virus, Occurrence probability, viruses, 030106 microbiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Zoology, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, law.invention, Flavivirus Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Spilopelia senegalensis, medicine, Prevalence, Seroprevalence, Animals, oasis, Usutu virus, Columbidae, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Laughing dove, biology, Ecology, Bird Diseases, Age Factors, Encephalitis, Arbovirus, virus diseases, biology.organism_classification, Original Papers, Infectious Diseases, Transmission (mechanics), Encephalitis Viruses, Japanese, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Dove, West Nile Fever
Abstract: SUMMARYIt has previously been suggested that southern Tunisian oases may be suitable areas for the circulation of flaviviruses. In order to anticipate and prevent possible epidemiological spread of flaviviruses in humans and domestic animals, the ecology of their transmission in the oasis system needs to be better understood. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence of anti-flavivirus antibodies in the laughing dove (Spilopelia senegalensis), an abundant resident bird in Tunisian oases. Anti-flavivirus antibodies were detected in 17% of sampled doves. Ten per cent of the total tested doves were West Nile virus (WNV) seropositive and 4% were Usutu virus (USUV) seropositive, which provides the first evidence of USUV circulation in Tunisian birds. We also found that the occurrence probability of anti-flavivirus antibodies in dove plasma increased with decreasing distance to coast, suggesting that doves inhabiting coastal oases were more exposed to flaviviruses compared with those inhabiting inland oases. We also found significantly higher antibody occurrence probability in adult doves compared with young doves, which underlines the effect of exposure time. Overall, our results suggest that the laughing dove may be used for WNV and USUV surveillance in southern Tunisia. They also stress the need for investigations combining data on birds and mosquitoes to better understand the ecological factors governing the circulation of flaviviruses in this area.
Published: 2017

31. Crystal-chemistry control of the mechanical properties of 2:1 clay minerals

Author: Olivier Grauby, Alain Baronnet, Franz-Josef Ulm, Jérémie Berthonneau, Christian G. Hoover, Roland J.-M. Pellenq, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Conservation et Restauration du Patrimoine (CICRP), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Multiscale Material Science for Energy and Environment (MSE 2), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chemistry, Muscovite, Mineralogy, 020101 civil engineering, Geology, 02 engineering and technology, Nanoindentation, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0201 civil engineering, Brittleness, Geochemistry and Petrology, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Phlogopite, Clay mineral X-ray diffraction, Clintonite, 0210 nano-technology, Clay minerals, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Pyrophyllite, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: Clay minerals are the main constituents of the clay matrix of a wide variety of sedimentary deposits. When subjected to burial, some of these minerals undergo phase transitions accompanied by atomic substitutions which ultimately impact the cohesive interactions between their constitutive layers. The most common among such transitions is smectite illitization, which is also highly relevant for oil and gas exploration and production from source rocks. The impact of this transition on the mechanical properties of clay minerals as well as clay bearing rocks remains, however, to be properly addressed. To this end, a set of macroscopic single 2:1 clay minerals (pyrophyllite, talc, vermiculite, phlogopite, muscovite, and clintonite) representative of the two octahedral fillings and the variation in surface charge densities was investigated. A hybrid experimental-modeling approach is proposed, which combines nanoindentation in orthogonal directions (x1 and x3-directions) with analytical derivations of the cohesive energy (Ui) using XRD and TEM-EDS measurements. The results highlight that the interlayer energy defines the elasticity (modulus M), strength (hardness H) and ductility behavior (M/H) of these materials; and not the bond energy stored into the constituent layers. This finding permits the derivation of predictive stiffness and strength functional relations as derivatives of the interlayer energy that account for the arrangement of nanoscale layers and the interlayer composition. These relations suggest that as the cohesion increases with the coulombic interactions through progressive smectite illitization, the system loses its capacity to dissipate applied energy by dislocation mechanisms in between the layers, entailing an increase in brittleness of the clay particles with burial. By way of conclusion, the geophysics and geochemistry implications of these results for predicting the macroscopic mechanical performance of clay bearing geomaterials, such as economically valuable source rocks, are discussed.
Published: 2017

32. Tungsten oxide thin film exposed to low energy He plasma: Evidence for a thermal enhancement of the erosion yield

Author: Cédric Pardanaud, Y. Addab, A. Maan, David Donovan, Martiane Cabié, Hussein Hijazi, Mona Ibrahim, Céline Martin, P. Roubin, J. D. Duran, Centre de recherche sur les Ions, les MAtériaux et la Photonique (CIMAP - UMR 6252), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Centre Pluridisciplinaire de Microscopie Electronique et de Microanalyse (AMU CP2M), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Department of Computing, Electronics and Mechatronics, Universidad de las Américas [Puebla] (UDLAP), Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI), Laboratoire d'hématologie biologique [Hôpital de la Timone - Hôpital Nord - APHM], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), Oxide, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, interaction, Tungsten, He plasma bombardment, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], 0103 physical sciences, transmission electron microscopy, General Materials Science, Thin film, [PHYS]Physics [physics], 010302 applied physics, Thermal oxidation, Tungsten oxide thin film, plasma wall, erosion, Nanocrystalline material, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, symbols, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci]
Abstract: International audience; Nanocrystalline tungsten oxide thin films (about 75 nm in thickness) produced by thermal oxidation of tungsten substrates were exposed to low energy He plasma (approximate to 20 eV/He) with a flux of 2.5 x 10(18) m(-2) s(-1) at two temperatures: room temperature and 673 K. The structure and Morphology modifications which occur after this He bombardment and annealing treatments was studied using Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Due to the low fluence (4 x 10(21) m(-2)) and low ion energy, we have observed only few morphology modifications After He plasma exposure at room temperature. On the contrary, at 673 K, a change in the layer color is observed associated to an important erosion. Detailed analyses before/after exposure and before/after annealing allow us to describe the He interaction with the oxide layer, its erosion and structural modification at the atomic and micrometer scale. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

33. Structural and physical–chemical behavior of a CeO2 nanoparticle based diesel additive during combustion and environmental release

Author: Catherine Mouneyrac, Wei Liu, Marie Tella, Mélanie Auffan, Bernard Angeletti, A Pariat, Martiane Cabié, Daniel Borschneck, Laure Giamberini, G. Landrot, Jérôme Rose, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Central China Normal University [Wuhan, China], Centre Européen de Recherche et d'Enseignement des Géosciences de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware [Newark], Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales d'Angers (ESSCA), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Commission, OSU-Institut Pytheas, ANR-10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010), ANR-11-IDEX-0001,Amidex,INITIATIVE D'EXCELLENCE AIX MARSEILLE UNIVERSITE(2011), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe ESSCA (ESSCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-10-LABX-0021/10-LABX-0021,RESSOURCES21,Strategic metal resources of the 21st century(2010)
Subjects: Materials science, Materials Science (miscellaneous), Kinetics, Nanoparticle, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Combustion, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Diesel fuel, Colloid, Chemical engineering, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Degradation (geology), Chemical stability, 0210 nano-technology, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science
Abstract: International audience; The colloidal and chemical stability of CeO2 nanoparticles used in a diesel additive (viz. Envirox™) was studied at different stages of their lifecycle (formulation, use, end of life). After combustion at a temperature close to that of diesel engines, the size of the CeO2 crystallites increased significantly without detectable Ce(III) in the structure and remaining organic compounds at the surface. Regardless of the aging conditions (salinity, light, pH), the dissolution kinetics of the combusted particles were slowed down compared to that of the initial CeO2 nanoparticles. After 2 days at 0.1 g L−1 of salts, no more than 0.01% of the total Ce was released from the 850 °C-combusted Envirox™ versus 1.5% for the uncombusted Envirox™. Both the crystal growth during combustion and the degradation of the organic matrix will govern the aggregation and dissolution kinetics/mechanisms once the CeO2 particles are released into the environment at different stages of their lifecycle. Such a study is a prerequisite needed before any assessment of the environmental risks of CeO2 nanoparticle-based diesel additives is performed.
Published: 2017

34. A soft matter in construction - Statistical physics approach to formation and mechanics of C-S-H gels in cement

Author: Roland J.-M. Pellenq, Sidney Yip, E. Del Gado, Enrico Masoero, Franz-Josef Ulm, Alain Baronnet, Katerina Ioannidou, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Cement, Materials science, technology, industry, and agriculture, General Physics and Astronomy, macromolecular substances, Mechanics, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Hardening (metallurgy), General Materials Science, Soft matter, Statistical physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Hydrate, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Calcium-silicate hydrate (C–S–H) is the main binding agent in cement and concrete. It forms at the beginning of cement hydration, it progressively densifies as cement hardens and is ultimately responsible of concrete performances. This hydration product is a cohesive nano-scale gel, whose structure and mechanics are still poorly understood, in spite of its practical importance. Here we review some of the open questions for this fascinating material and a statistical physics approach recently developed, which allows us to investigate the gel formation under the out-of-equilibrium conditions typical of cement hydration and the role of the nano-scale structure in C–S–H mechanics upon hardening. Our approach unveils how some distinctive features of the kinetics of cement hydration can be related to changes in the morphology of the gels and elucidates the role of nano-scale mechanical heterogeneities in the hardened C–S–H., The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 223 (11), ISSN:1951-6355, ISSN:1951-6401
Published: 2014
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Is the link between autistic traits and ability to succeed in science independent of other psychopathological dimensions?

Author: Nelly Goutaudier, Tiffany Melioli, Patrick Raynal, Henri Chabrol, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Centre d'études et de recherches en psychopathologie (CERPP)
Subjects: media_common.quotation_subject, Schizotypy, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Bipolarity, Autistic traits, Depressive symptomatology, Developmental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Personality, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Autistic features, Big Five personality traits, Traits autistiques, 10. No inequality, Suicidal ideation, Applied Psychology, Traits de personnalité, media_common, Depression, 4. Education, 05 social sciences, Dépression, Schizotypie, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Bipolarité, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Psychopathology
Abstract: International audience; Introduction: Besides the well-established link between autistic traits and scientific skills, the role of personality in students involved in science has not been thoroughly examined.Objective: This study aimed at reexamining the link between scientific aptitudes and personality, by considering autistic features and other psychopathological dimensions.Method: Two hundred and ninety-four individuals from French scientific universities answered questionnaires assessing autistic, schizotypal and bipolar dimensions, as well as depressive symptomatology and other variables.Results: A cluster analysis led to the identification of 4 different groups, among which a cluster was characterized by high scores in autistic, schizotypal and bipolar dimensions. This group, representing nearly 30% of the sample, displayed higher level of depression symptoms (M = 28.5, SD = 12.0) in comparison with other groups (M = 11.7 to 19.1, SD = 5.4 to 9.2). Moreover, the suicidal ideation score was much more important in this cluster (M = 1.6, SD = 2.3) than in the three other groups (M = 0.1 to 0.5, SD = 0.3 to 1.3). This suggested that autistic features, when associated with other personality traits, interfere negatively with the ability of individuals to succeed in science studies, which was partly confirmed by comparing the academic level and results of the different clusters.Conclusion: One may reconsider the link between elevated autistic traits and the ability to accomplish science studies, considering that autistic features are thus frequently associated with other psychopathological traits which may, altogether, lead to depression or other comorbidities negatively interfering with the accomplishment of an academic cursus.; Introduction: Alors que le lien entre traits autistiques et capacités scientifiques a été établi, le rôle des traits de personnalité chez des étudiants en science n’a pas été examiné en profondeur.Objectif: Cette étude a pour but de réexaminer le lien entre aptitudes scientifiques et personnalité, en considérant notamment les caractéristiques de la personnalité autistique ainsi que d’autres dimensions psychopathologiques.Méthode: Deux cent quatre-vingt-14 étudiants d’universités scientifiques de France ont répondu à des questionnaires mesurant les dimensions autistiques, schizotypiques et bipolaires, ainsi que la symptomatologie dépressive et d’autres variables.Résultats: Une analyse par cluster a permis d’identifier 4 groupes parmi lequel un cluster se caractérise par des scores élevés pour les dimensions autistiques, schizotypiques et bipolarité. Ce groupe, représentant près de 30 % de l’effectif, présente un niveau élevé de symptômes de dépression (M = 28,5 ; ET = 12,0) par rapport aux trois autres groupes (M = 11,7 à 19,1 ; ET = 5,4 to 9,2). En outre, le score d’idéation suicidaire est beaucoup plus important dans ce cluster (M = 1,6 ; ET = 2,3) que dans les autres groupes (M = 0,1 à 0,5 ; ET = 0,3 à 1,3). Ceci suggère donc que les traits autistiques, lorsqu’ils sont associés à d’autres traits de personnalité, ont une influence négative sur la capacité des individus à réussir dans le domaine scientifique, ce qui se confirme en partie en comparant le niveau d’étude et les résultats universitaires entre les différents clusters.Conclusion: On peut donc reconsidérer le lien entre traits autistiques élevés et les capacités à accomplir un parcours universitaire en science, en se basant sur le fait que des caractéristiques de personnalité autistique sont fréquemment associés avec d’autres traits psychopathologiques qui peuvent, dans leur ensemble, conduire à une symptomatologie dépressive ou à d’autres comorbidités interférant négativement avec la réussite de ce parcours.
Published: 2016

36. Raman characterization of synthetic magnesian calcites

Author: Angèle Ricolleau, Didier Laporte, Jonathan Perrin, George R. Rossman, Daniel Vielzeuf, Nicole Floquet, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Calcite, Magnesium, Dolomite, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Amorphous calcium carbonate, Amorphous solid, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Geophysics, chemistry, Geochemistry and Petrology, symbols, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Magnesite, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Magnesian calcites are important components of sediments and biominerals. Although Raman spectra of calcite, dolomite, and magnesite are well known, those of magnesian calcites deserve further investigation. Nineteen syntheses of magnesian calcites covering the range 0-50 mol% MgCO3 have been carried out at high pressure and temperature (1-1.5 GPa, 1000-1100 degrees C). The crystalline run products have been characterized by m-Raman spectroscopy. For all lattice and internal modes (L, T, nu(1), nu(4), 2 nu(2)) but nu(3), wavenumbers align closer to the calcitedolomite line than the calcite-magnesite line. The compositional dependence is strong and regression curves with high correlation coefficients have been determined. Full-width at half maximum (FWHM) plot along parabolas that depart from the calcite-dolomite or calcite-magnesite lines. The limited data dispersion of both shifts and FWHM allow using Raman spectral properties of magnesian calcites to determine the Mg content of abiotic calcites. A comparison with Raman data from the literature obtained on synthetic magnesian amorphous calcium carbonate (Mg ACC) shows that the wavenumber position of the ACC n1 mode is systematically shifted toward lower values, and that their FWHM are higher than those of their crystalline counterparts. The FWHM parameters of crystalline and amorphous materials do not overlap, which allows a clear-cut distinction between crystalline and amorphous materials. In synthetic magnesian calcites, the shift and FWHM of Raman bands as a function of magnesium can be interpreted in terms of changes of metal-O bond lengths resulting from the replacement of calcium by magnesium. The facts that the wavenumber of magnesian calcites are close to the calcite-dolomite line (not calcite-magnesite), that the FWHM of the T, L, and nu(4) modes reach a maximum around 30 +/- 5 mol% MgCO3, and that a peak specific to dolomite at 880 cm(-1) is observed in high-magnesian calcites indicate that dolomite-like ordering is present above similar to 10 mol% MgCO3. Mg atom clustering in cation layers combined with ordering in successive cation basal layers may account for the progressive ordering observed in synthetic magnesian calcites.
Published: 2016

37. Oxidation of Mg atomic monolayer onto silicon: A road toward MgOx/Mg 2 Si (11–1)/Si (100) heterostructure

Author: Sarpi, B., Rochdi, N., Rachid Daineche, Bertoglio, M., Christophe Girardeaux, Baronnet, A., Perrin-Toinin, J., Michael Bocquet, Djafari Rouhani, M., Anne HEMERYCK, Vizzini, S., Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

38. Electric field induced motion of metallic droplets: Application to submicron contactor

Author: Frédéric Bedu, P. Sudraud, Dominique Chatain, M. Prestigiacomo, H. Dallaporta, D. Tonneau, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Orsay Physics (ZAC Saint Charles), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Materials science, Ion beam, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Focused ion beam, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Electrical measurements, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Gallium, Instrumentation, Electrical conductor, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Process Chemistry and Technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Electrode, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Current density
Abstract: This article reports the monitoring of reversible displacement of a gallium droplet on a tungsten submicron wire deposited by focused ion beam from tungsten hexacarbonyl precursor. The authors demonstrate that by applying a voltage to the wire terminals, the internal electric field created along the wire produces the motion of the droplet. Since the matter involved in this displacement is conductive, the authors show that it is possible to build a submicron electrical switch. Contact can be switched on and off between two electrodes separated by a submicron gap, by electrical monitoring the position of the conductive droplet. In nanoscience, connections of nano-objects are needed to demonstrate the peculiar electrical properties of such objects. A lot of studies have been devoted to direct writing of high quality metallic wires by local decomposition of gaseous molecules induced by tightly focused ion or electron beams. 1–4 These techniques are particularly suitable to link the micron world optical lithography to the nanoworld. Cross beam systems coupling a focused ion beam FIB and a scanning electron microscope SEM equipped with a gas injection system have been widely used in microelectronic industry for integrated circuit rewiring at the submicron scale. The deposited materials are often contaminated by C and O coming from the decomposition of the ligands of the precursor molecules, usually organometallic or metal organic molecules. Furthermore, extra contamination of the deposited wires occurs by implantation of gallium atoms coming from the Ga + ion beam itself. Consequently, the metal wire resistivity is usually up to 100 times higher than the bulk one. Tungsten nanowires 200 nm wide by 80 nm thick have been fabricated by a focused ion beam induced deposition process 5,6 FIBID from the dissociation of WC0 6 molecules and studied in our cross beam system equipped with in situ electrical measurements. A current density above a threshold value 5,6 of 1.4 10 7 A / cm 2 induces a wire annealing by Joule effect which improves their electrical conductivity. The high current density induces the exudation of gallium out of the wire and its merging as several droplets Fig. 1. The exudation of gallium is closely related to the light 3% decrease of the wire resistance between 1.1 and 4 V Fig. 1. Droplet formation along the wire takes place when the voltage reaches about 2.5 V. This value increases with the initial value of the resistance of the wire to get the current density threshold required. Increasing the voltage up to 4 V drives all the droplets toward the lowest potential electrode, leading to the formation of a unique droplet of about 550 nm in diameter SEM image inserted in Fig. 1. For a voltage above 4 V, the resistance of the wire drops due to the nonreversible crys-tallization of the tungsten wire. 5,6 The value of the resistance after the first ramping can be ten times less than the value of the resistance of the as-deposited wire. The droplet contains about 90 at. % of gallium atoms and 10 at. % of oxygen atoms as observed by ex situ energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Most of the oxygen contained in the droplet is a consequence of the sample transfer through air from one SEM to the other. A gallium droplet, which has been formed at one extremity of a wire, as explained previously, 5,6 migrates toward the opposite terminal if the voltage is reversed. The droplet is always driven toward the lowest potential electrode when the voltage applied 2.5 V induces a current density of about 1.4 10 7 A / cm 2 through the tungsten wire. Droplet position change was followed in situ by SEM. Figure 2 displays three images grabbed from a SEM video, separated in time by 0.6 s between Figs. 2a and 2b and 0.4 s between Figs. 2b and 2c. We started with one drop-let nearby the left electrode and slowly increased the voltage. One can see that the left droplet diameter decreases slightly while the right one increases. It demonstrates that the gal-lium transfer occurs from the left electrode to the right one by changing the polarity of the voltage between the two electrodes. During the transfer, the W wire remains unchanged between the initial and final states. It should be stressed that instead of moving at once from one point of the wire to the other, the droplet diameter decreases while simultaneously a Electronic
Published: 2010

39. Intrusion and Retraction of Fluids in Nanopores: Effect of Morphological Heterogeneity

Author: Roland J.-M. Pellenq, Benoit Coasne, Anne Galarneau, Francesco Di Renzo, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), and Cinam, Hal
Subjects: Pore size, Work (thermodynamics), Chemistry, Nanotechnology, Molecular simulation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Porosimetry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Nanopore, Intrusion, General Energy, Phase (matter), [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Porous medium
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports on a molecular simulation study of intrusion and retraction of a non wetting fluid in silica nanopores without or with morphological defects (constrictions or undulations) to mimic mercury porosimetry in porous materials. All the pores considered in this work are of a finite length and are connected to bulk reservoirs so that they mimic real materials for which the confined fluid is always in contact with the external phase. Our results for pores with constant or variable cross-section are in qualitative agreement with experimental data: (1) the intrusion and retraction pressures are larger than the bulk saturating vapor pressures, (2) the intrusion and retraction pressures are decreasing functions of the pore size, and (3) entrapment of the confined fluid leads to irreversible intrusion/retraction isotherms (except for the smallest pore for which intrusion is reversible). Our data show that the intrusion pressure varies linearly with the pore diameter when both quantities are plotted in a logarithmic scale; the slope, -1.1 +/- 0.1, is close to the theoretical value -1 given by the Washburn – Laplace equation (the contact angle Θa is found about 102° +/- 15°). In contrast, the retraction pressure varies with a larger slope -1.6+/- 0.1, due to the fact that retraction consists of the nucleation of a gas bubble within the pore. We find that the intrusion chemical potential for the large cavities of the constricted pores corresponds to that for a regular cylindrical nanopore having the same diameter than the constriction, i.e. intrusion in the constricted pores occurs when the non wetting fluid invades the constrictions that isolate the large cavity from the bulk external phase. On the other hand, the retraction chemical potentials for pores with uneven diameter underestimates the value found for a regular cylindrical pore having the pore diameter of the wider parts of the variable-diameter pore. These results suggest that intrusion and retraction experiments (porosimetry) can be used to assess and characterize morphological defects in nanopores, provided that the pore size is known from other independent measurements. The present work also provides a theoretical frame to explain some discrepancies observed between properties assessed by mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption.
Published: 2009

40. Structural properties of GaAs surfaces nitrided in hydrazine-sulfide solutions

Author: L. Masson, V. P. Ulin, V. L. Berkovits, I. V. Makarenko, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cinam, Hal
Subjects: General Physics and Astronomy, Mineralogy, Gallium nitride, Nitride monolayer, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, Microetching, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gallium arsenide, law, 0103 physical sciences, Monolayer, Scanning tunneling microscopy, 010302 applied physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Chemical nitridation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Solutions, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Scanning tunneling microscope, Surface morphology, 0210 nano-technology, Vicinal, biotechnology, Hillock
Abstract: The surface structure of GaAs(1 0 0), (1 1 1)A, and (1 1 1)B substrates nitrided through the wet chemical treatment in hydrazine-sulfide solution have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under annealing in UHV. Such treatment has earlier been shown to produce a monolayer of gallium nitride on the (1 0 0)GaAs surface. The as-nitrided substrates of all surface orientations were found to be covered by an overfilm, which contains thioarsenic compounds and has a smooth relief. Thermal desorption of the overlfilm at about 530 °C opens the own relief of the nitrided surfaces. For the (1 0 0) orientation such relief is not microscopically planar and consists of nano-scale vicinal hillocks. These hillocks occur due to surface microetching which proceeds simultaneously with the formation of the surface nitride layer. We have shown that the wet nitridation procedure forms a monolayer of surface nitride on the (1 1 1)B surface. During nitridation the (1 1 1)B surface, as well as the (1 0 0) one, is affected by the microetching in the hydrazine-sulfide solution. Therefore, it exhibits a characteristic relief formed by triangular vicinal pyramids. At the same time the nitride film is not formed on the (1 1 1)A surface, which is more chemically inert, and where the surface etching is almost absent.
Published: 2008

41. Anisotropy of Wetting

Author: Dominique Chatain, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cinam, Hal
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Surface (mathematics), Liquid metal, Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Young equation, Bonding in solids, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Soft Condensed Matter, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Contact angle, Crystallography, Wetting transition, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Wetting, 0210 nano-technology, Anisotropy
Abstract: Wetting of single-crystal surfaces of metallic solids and oxides by liquid metals and alloys is anisotropic because of the anisotropy of the energies of solid surfaces and of their interfaces with liquids. To provide a basis for a discussion of wetting anisotropy, we review first the literature on surface and interfacial energies in metal-metal and metal-ceramic systems. We then summarize the relevant literature on the anisotropy of the energies of solid surfaces and of solid-liquid interfaces. These energies are then used in conjunction with the Young equation to estimate the expected anisotropy of wetting. Some serious discrepancies are found between these estimates and the experimental anisotropy of wetting. We show that under certain experimental conditions the wetting angles that have been determined are not Young contact angles.
Published: 2008

42. Adsorption of Simple Fluid on Silica Surface and Nanopore: Effect of Surface Chemistry and Pore Shape

Author: Francesco Di Renzo, Roland J M Pellenq, Benoit Coasne, Anne Galarneau, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille (CINaM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cinam, Hal, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Evaporation, Mineralogy, Binary compound, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adsorption, Electrochemistry, General Materials Science, Physics::Chemical Physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Spectroscopy, Capillary condensation, Condensation, Substrate (chemistry), Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, Nanopore, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Meniscus, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: This paper reports a molecular simulation study on the adsorption of simple fluids (argon at 77 K) on hydroxylated silica surfaces and nanopores. The effect of surface chemistry is addressed by considering substrates with either partially or fully hydroxylated surfaces. We also investigate the effect of pore shape on adsorption and capillary condensation by comparing the results for cylindrical and hexagonal nanopores having equivalent sections (i.e., equal section areas). Due to the increase in the polarity of the surface with the density of OH groups, the adsorbed amounts for fully hydroxylated surfaces are found to be larger than those for partially hydroxylated surfaces. Both the adsorption isotherms for the cylindrical and hexagonal pores conform to the typical behavior observed in the experiments for adsorption/condensation in cylindrical nanopores MCM-41. Capillary condensation occurs through an irreversible discontinuous transition between the partially filled and the completely filled configurations, while evaporation occurs through the displacement at equilibrium of a hemispherical meniscus along the pore axis. Our data are also used to discuss the effect of surface chemistry and pore shape on the BET method. The BET surface for fully hydroxylated surfaces is much larger (by 10-20%) than the true geometrical surface. In contrast, the BET surface significantly underestimates the true surface when partially hydroxylated surfaces are considered. These results suggest that the surface chemistry and the choice of the system adsorbate/adsorbent is crucial in determining the surface area of solids using the BET method.
Published: 2008

43. Dynamic observations of Au catalysts by environmental electron microscopy

Author: M. Cabié, Claude Henry, Suzanne Giorgio, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cinam, Hal
Subjects: Gold cluster, Chemistry, Ultra-high vacuum, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Substrate (electronics), 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic units, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Materials Science(all), law, Energy filtered transmission electron microscopy, Deposition (phase transition), General Materials Science, Electron microscope, 0210 nano-technology, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Abstract: Au clusters in the size range (1–8 nm), supported on MgO and TiO2, are studied at the atomic scale by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), in standard conditions and during cycles of gas treatments by environmental HRTEM. Their morphology, the structure of the interface with the substrate and their adhesion energy are deduced from top and profile views, according to the preparation techniques, by atomic deposition in ultra high vacuum or by deposition precipitation in wet conditions.
Published: 2008

44. Structural and optical properties of pulsed laser deposited V2O5 thin films

Author: Suzanne Giorgio, László Nánai, László Korösi, Szabolcs Beke, Wladimir Marine, Cinam, Hal, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nanocrystalline material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Pulsed laser deposition, Amorphous solid, Absorption edge, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, 0103 physical sciences, Tauc plot, Materials Chemistry, Thin film, 0210 nano-technology, High-resolution transmission electron microscopy
Abstract: Pulsed laser deposited nanocrystalline V 2 O 5 thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and optical spectroscopy. The films were deposited on amorphous glass substrates, keeping the O 2 partial pressure at 13.33 Pa and the substrate temperature at 220 °C. The characteristics of the films were changed by varying the laser fluence and repetition rate. XRD revealed that films are nanocrystalline with an orthorhombic structure. XPS shows the sub-stoichiometry of the films, that generally relies on the fact that during the formation process of V 2 O 5 films, lower valence oxides are also created. From the HRTEM images, we observed the size evolution and distribution characteristics of the clusters in the function of the laser fluence. From the spectral transmittance we determined the absorption edge using the Tauc plot. Calculation of the Bohr radius for V 2 O 5 is also reported.
Published: 2008

45. Decomposition of methanol by Pd, Co, and bimetallic Co–Pd catalysts: A combined study of well-defined systems under ambient and UHV conditions

Author: Holger Borchert, Suzanne Giorgio, Volkmar Zielasek, Marcus Bäumer, Tobias Nowitzki, Yu. Borchert, Birte Jürgens, Peter Behrend, Claude Henry, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Cinam, Hal
Subjects: Chemistry, Inorganic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Heterogeneous catalysis, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Decomposition, Catalysis, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Transition metal, 13. Climate action, Desorption, Dehydrogenation, Methanol, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Bimetallic strip
Abstract: We investigated the decomposition of methanol over Pd-based catalysts and the influence of Co as a second metal. To obtain mechanistic information on the reaction, we prepared structurally well-defined systems for studies in the ambient pressure regime and systems suitable for UHV studies in a dual approach. For the ambient pressure regime, monometallic and bimetallic Co/Pd nanoparticles supported on MgO were prepared by a wet-chemical method. FTIR spectroscopy was used to analyze the surface species that formed on the catalysts in the interaction with methanol, and the catalytic performance was studied in continuous-flow reactors. We found that methanol is dehydrogenated to CO already at room temperature by the Pd and Pd–Co catalysts, but high steady-state conversion requires temperatures above ∼150 °C. As could be shown by parallel studies of methanol decomposition on model catalysts prepared by physical vapor deposition under UHV conditions, CO desorption is the limiting factor at lower temperature. Pure Pd catalysts were found to be more active for methanol decomposition than the bimetallic Co–Pd catalysts. Although electronic effects in the bimetallic system facilitate desorption of CO at low temperature, this cannot compensate for the lower intrinsic activity of Co sites. We also investigated the influence of small amounts of oxygen on the decomposition of methanol. The activity of the Me/MgO catalysts was found to be higher in the presence of oxygen than in the absence of oxygen. Oxygen facilitates the removal of carbon species resulting from the C O bond scission reaction channel.
Published: 2008

46. Occurrence, composition and growth of polyhedral serpentine

Author: Olivier Grauby, Manuel Muñoz, Alain Baronnet, Muriel Andreani, Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Montpellier, Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Morphology (linguistics), Materials science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nucleation, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, engineering.material, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Ferrous, law.invention, Crystallography, Geochemistry and Petrology, Ultramafic rock, law, Formula unit, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Enstatite, engineering, Crystallization, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Occurrences, compositions and crystallization of polyhedral serpentine were investigated by SEM, AEM/TEM and μ-XANES analysis of samples from different ultramafic units. Polyhedral serpentines are identified in all of these contexts and form as an alteration product of orthopyroxene (enstatite) and as late veining events. They are always the last serpentine type to crystallize. Their formation requires a combination of three factors: 1) open space, 2) a relatively low temperature (T < 200-300 °c), and 3) the presence of trivalent cations (al3+ in this study, ≥ 0.1 atoms per serpentine formula unit). μ-XANES data at the iron K-edge indicate that Fe is predominantly ferrous and octahedrally coordinated in our Al-rich samples. This microstructure therefore cannot be systematically used as a marker of oxidizing conditions. Textural and microstructural criteria suggest that polyhedral serpentine crystallizes via a "gel" precursor first reorganized into a poorly-crystallized proto-serpentine, in which onion nucleation takes place as nested, discontinuous sheets. Grains expand radially, inwards and outwards, by a layer-by-layer mechanism. Thick layers, made of tens of serpentine sheets, propagate laterally in the (001) plane and result in a pseudo-spherical "onion-like" morphology. By analogy with available clay synthesis experiments, the relatively low temperature conditions under which polyhedral serpentine form may favor a segregation of trivalent cations in the structure. This could create locally dioctahedral components in the structure that may explain the peculiar bending along 〈010〉 responsible for the faceted morphology of polyhedral serpentine.
Published: 2008

47. Thermodynamic properties of anhydrous smectite MX-80, illite IMt-2 and mixed-layer illite–smectite ISCz-1 as determined by calorimetric methods. Part I: Heat capacities, heat contents and entropies

Author: J.C. van Miltenburg, Philippe Blanc, Eric C. Gaucher, Juan Olives, Hélène Gailhanou, J. Rogez, Marc Amouric, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), University of Applied Sciences [Utrecht] (HU), Laboratoire de thermodynamique, propriétés électriques, contraintes, structures aux échelles nanométriques (TECSEN), and Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Mixed layer, Chemistry, Analytical chemistry, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mineralogy, Calorimetry, engineering.material, Heat capacity, Differential scanning calorimetry, Geochemistry and Petrology, Illite, Anhydrous, engineering, Clay minerals
Abstract: The heat capacities of the anhydrous international reference clay minerals, smectite MX-80, illite IMt-2 and mixed-layer illite–smectite ISCz-1, were measured by low temperature adiabatic calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, from 6 to 520 K (at 1 bar). The samples were chemically purified and Na-saturated. Dehydrated clay fractions K 0.026 Na 0.435 Ca 0.010 ( Si 3.612 Al 0.388 ) ( Al 1.593 Fe 3 + 0.184 Mg 0.228 Fe 2 + 0.038 Ti 0.011 ) O 10 ( OH ) 2 for smectite MX-80, K 0.762 Na 0.044 ( Si 3.387 Al 0.613 ) ( Al 1.427 Fe 3 + 0.292 Mg 0.241 Fe 2 + 0.084 ) O 10 ( OH ) 2 for illite IMt-2 and K 0.530 Na 0.135 ( Si 3.565 Al 0.435 ) ( Al 1.709 Fe 3 + 0.051 Mg 0.218 Fe 2 + 0.017 Ti 0.005 ) O 10 ( OH ) 2 for mixed-layer ISCz-1. From the heat capacity values, we determined the molar entropies, standard entropies of formation and heat contents of these minerals. The following values were obtained at 298.15 K and 1 bar: C p 0 (J mol−1 K−1) S0 (J mol−1 K−1) Smectite MX-80 326.13 ± 0.10 280.56 ± 0.16 Illite IMt-2 328.21 ± 0.10 295.05 ± 0.17 Mixed-layer ISCz-1 320.79 ± 0.10 281.62 ± 0.15
Published: 2007

48. Effect of Morphological Defects on Gas Adsorption in Nanoporous Silicas

Author: Francesco Di Renzo, Benoit Coasne, Anne Galarneau, Roland J M Pellenq, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Quantitative Biology::Biomolecules, Work (thermodynamics), Materials science, Chromatography, Capillary condensation, Nanoporous, Condensation, Evaporation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantitative Biology::Subcellular Processes, Hysteresis, Nanopore, General Energy, Adsorption, Chemical engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; This paper reports a molecular simulation study on the adsorption of a simple fluid in nanoporous silicas with or without morphological defects (constrictions). All the pores considered in this work are of a finite length and are connected to a bulk reservoir so that they mimic real materials for which the confined fluid is always in contact with the external gas phase. The adsorption isotherms for the regular cylindrical pores conform to the typical experimental behavior for MCM-41 as the adsorbed amount increases continuously in the multilayer adsorption regime until a jump occurs due to capillary condensation of the fluid within the pore. The evaporation pressures are lower than the condensation pressures, so that hysteresis loops are observed. The condensation and evaporation mechanisms for the pores with constrictions depart significantly from what is observed for regular non-defective nanopores. Depending on the size, length, and number of constrictions in the pores, the filling and emptying processes are found to be of different nature. In every case, these mechanisms involve the coexistence between the confined liquid and some gas nanobubbles that are trapped within the main cavities of the pore. It is also found that the finite length of the pore introduces some heterogeneity in the adsorption and desorption processes; the filling and emptying of the regions (constriction and/or cavities) near the pore surface differs from those of the regions in the pore center. The desorption process can occur through different mechanisms such as cavitation, pore blocking effects with at equilibrium evaporation, or several combined pore blocking effects. Adsorption isotherms can be used to assess and characterize morphological defects in nanopores. In contrast, our results suggest that microcalorimetry experiments such as measurements of the isosteric heat of adsorption cannot be used to gain information regarding such defects as all the data for the regular and constricted pores fall on the same curve.
Published: 2007

49. Propagation of structural deviations of poly(amidoamine) fan-shape dendrimers (generations 0–3) characterized by MALDI and electrospray mass spectrometry

Author: Michaël Mazarin, Rémi Giordanengo, Laurence Charles, Ling Peng, Jiangyu Wu, Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Electrospray, Protein mass spectrometry, Chemistry, Electrospray ionization, 010401 analytical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Poly(amidoamine), 010402 general chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Dendrimer, Mass spectrum, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Instrumentation, Spectroscopy, Mass spectral interpretation
Abstract: Fan-shape PAMAM dendrimers, from generations 0 to 3, were analyzed by mass spectrometry, using both MALDI and electrospray ionization techniques, to identify any structural deviations present in each sample. First, it could be concluded that all detected molecules were present in the samples as they were detected in MALDI as well as in electrospray mass spectra. Apart from commonly reported dendrimer defects (“missing arm” and “molecular loop”), new impurities were found to arise from propagation of these defects during the synthesis of upper generations. These assignments were based on both compound molecular weight and, when ions were detected with sufficient abundance, deviations from perfect structure behaviour during MS/MS experiments. Since new impurities could be created, either from perfect or defective molecules, during each new generation dendrimer synthesis, models were built to predict the molecular weight of a compound as a function of its synthesis history and efficiently guide mass spectral interpretation.
Published: 2007

50. Real-time andin situsolidification of Al-based alloys investigated by synchrotron radiation: a unique experimental set-up combining radiography and topography techniques

Author: Jürgen Härtwig, Thomas Schenk, H. Jung, H. Nguyen-Thi, Bernard Billia, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, J. Gastaldi, A. Buffet, José Baruchel, G. Reinhart, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Laboratoire matériaux et microélectronique de Provence (L2MP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Nancy (ENSMN), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre de recherche de la matière condensée et des nanosciences (CRMCN), and Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: In situ, Materials science, Radiography, Mechanical Phenomena, Synchrotron radiation, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Solidification microstructure, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Directional solidification, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Direct observation, 07.85.Qe, 61.72.Ff, 62.20.–x, 81.10.Aj, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; A unique experimental set-up combining X-ray radiography and topography has been recently developed at the ESRF. It allows direct observation of the solidification microstructure by these two complementary imaging techniques. This combined observation offers new possibilities, in particular for the investigation of strains, stresses and defect formation during directional solidification. In this paper we present in detail the experimental device and selected results obtained for two Al-based alloys: Al–3.5 wt% Ni and β-Al3Mg2. For the first time, we were able to characterize and quantify (by using topography) mechanical phenomena observed by radiography during the growth process.
Published: 2007

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

466 results on '"Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources