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1. Partitioning genetic and species diversity refines our understanding of species–genetic diversity relationships

Author: Brett Ford, Vera W. Pfeiffer, Johann Housset, Audrey McCombs, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, Stéphanie Manel, Angéline Bertin, Nicolas Gouin, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Biology, Florida Museum of Natural History, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Alcina Forets, Partenaires INRAE, Iowa State University (ISU), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), Universidad de La Serena (USERENA), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, genetic outlier, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, SNP, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, species–genetic diversity correlation, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic variation, high Andean wetlands, species-genetic diversity correlation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Original Research, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Genetic diversity, Ecology, Species diversity, respiratory system, 15. Life on land, Agricultural sciences, 030104 developmental biology, diversité spécifique, Evolutionary biology, diversité génétique, Species evenness, Amplified fragment length polymorphism, Species richness, human activities, Sciences agricoles, corrélation, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: International audience; Disentangling the origin of species-genetic diversity correlations (SGDCs) is a challenging task that provides insight into the way that neutral and adaptive processes influence diversity at multiple levels. Genetic and species diversity are comprised by components that respond differently to the same ecological processes. Thus, it can be useful to partition species and genetic diversity into their different components to infer the mechanisms behind SGDCs. In this study, we applied such an approach using a high-elevation Andean wetland system, where previous evidence identified neutral processes as major determinants of the strong and positive covariation between plant species richness and AFLP genetic diversity of the common sedge Carex gayana. To tease apart putative neutral and non-neutral genetic variation of C. gayana, we identified loci putatively under selection from a dataset of 1,709 SNPs produced using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq). Significant and positive relationships between local estimates of genetic and species diversities (alpha-SGDCs) were only found with the putatively neutral loci datasets and with species richness, confirming that neutral processes were primarily driving the correlations and that the involved processes differentially influenced local species diversity components (i.e., richness and evenness). In contrast, SGDCs based on genetic and community dissimilarities (beta-SGDCs) were only significant with the putative non-neutral datasets. This suggests that selective processes influencing C. gayana genetic diversity were involved in the detected correlations. Together, our results demonstrate that analyzing distinct components of genetic and species diversity simultaneously is useful to determine the mechanisms behind species-genetic diversity relationships.
Published: 2018
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2. Effects of Combined Vigorous Interval Training Program and Diet on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Physical Self-Perceptions Among Obese Adolescent Boys and Girls

Author: Christophe Maïano, Olivier Rey, Jean-Marc Vallier, Charles-Symphorien Mercier, Caroline Nicol, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey ( ISM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Calorie, Adolescent, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, physical self-perceptions, pediatric obesity, Physical fitness, [ SDV.MHEP.PED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, High-Intensity Interval Training, Body fat percentage, Interval training, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Heart rate, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, vigorous exercise, 030212 general & internal medicine, interval training, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], business.industry, Pediatric rehabilitation, 030229 sport sciences, Self Concept, Diet, Exercise Therapy, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Body Composition, physical fitness, Physical therapy, Female, medicine.symptom, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, High-intensity interval training
Abstract: Purpose:This study examined the effects of a five-week intervention combining vigorous interval training (VIT) with diet among twenty-four obese adolescents. Fourteen girls and ten boys (aged 14–15) schooled in a pediatric rehabilitation center participated. Methods:The VIT intensity was targeted and remained above 80% of maximal heart rate (HR) and over six kilocalories per minute. Pre- and postintervention measures were body composition (BMI, weight, body fat percentage), physical self-perceptions (PSP), physical fitness (6-min walking distance and work) and its associated physiological responses (HRpeak and blood lactate concentration). A series of two-way analyses of variance or covariance controlling for weight loss were used to examine the changes. Results:Significant improvements were found in body composition, physical fitness and PSP (endurance, activity level, sport competence, global physical self-concept and appearance). In addition, boys presented higher levels of perceived strength and global physical self-concept than girls. Finally, there was a significant increase in perceived endurance, sport competence, and global physical self-concept in girls only. Conclusion:This five-week VIT program combined with diet represents an effective means for improving body composition, physical fitness, and PSP in obese adolescents, the effects on PSP being larger among girls.
Published: 2017
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3. Recent fire activity in the boreal eastern interior of North America is below that of the past 2000 yr

Author: Adam A. Ali, Justin Waito, Jacques C. Tardif, Martin P. Girardin, Yves Bergeron, Centre for Forest Interdisciplinary Research (C-FIR), University of Winnipeg, Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, paleoecology, boreal–prairie ecotone, tree‐rings, post‐fire stand initiation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, 15. Life on land, lacustrine charcoal particles, south‐central Canada, climate change, Boreal, 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Paleoecology, Environmental science, fire scars, Physical geography, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, millennial fire history
Abstract: International audience; The North American boreal forest has been developing since the end of the last glaciation approximately 10,000 yr ago. With climate warming and human occupation, it is anticipated that fire danger, ignition, and activity will be increasing, compromising forests’ benefits for generations to come. In this study, we show, however, that a century of rapid climate changes and human densification has had the opposite effect in the boreal eastern interior of the North American continent, reducing biomass burning to values below two millennia of historical levels. A multi‐millennial fire history was reconstructed for eight forested landscapes from the Lake of the Woods Ecoregion (LWE) located at the boreal–prairie ecotone. Fire history was reconstructed using a combination of archival (period 1920–2010), tree‐ring (stand initiations and fire scars: period 1690–2010), and lake sediment charcoal (2500 BP to present) records. The archival record revealed recent large fires (>200 ha) in 1948, 1980, and 1988. An additional 19 fires were identified by the fire‐scar record. Fire events in 1805, 1840, 1863, and the 1890s were identified in numerous locations around multiple lakes suggesting that they were of large extents. In accordance with the tree‐ring record, the charcoal accumulation rate (CHAR) peak record generally identified the major fires but tended to lag from the tree‐ring records by several decades. Within LWE, the long‐term charcoal record revealed that CHAR was higher for each lake in the earlier portion of the record including the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly (AD −900 to AD 1000), followed by a progressive decrease toward the cool Little Ice Age period. This decline was abruptly interrupted in the mid‐ to late 19th century with large synchronized fires, also reported over western and central North America, and resumed approximately four decades later. Fire disturbance level is today below the historical range, despite the accentuated climate warming. Aging of the forest landscape may create biodiversity loss notably in fire‐adapted species while at the same time setting the tone for major fires in upcoming decades if no action is taken for managing fuels.
Published: 2018
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4. Des monnaies locales pour le développement territorial ? Une application de la théorie de la base économique aux monnaies locales convertibles

Author: Lafuente-Sampietro, Oriane, Triangle : action, discours, pensée politique et économique (TRIANGLE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Lumière - Lyon 2 (UL2)-Sciences Po Lyon - Institut d'études politiques de Lyon (IEP Lyon), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Économie Appliquée au Développement (LEAD), Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: Local currencies, Local development, General Medicine, Base theory, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; In this article, I analyse the functioning of convertible local currencies (CLC) through the economic base theory. I thereby highlight CLC' mechanisms that can contribute to the development of the territorial economy, in particular the internalisation of their members' demand inside their communities. Indeed, CLCs might impact the circulation of income within the local economy by limiting the outflow of income from the territory and increasing its circulation within the domestic sector. CLCs therefore fit more specifically into consumer base theory, which promotes endogenous territorial development by directing local demand towards local production. However, CLCs users gather only a fraction of local actors, their members having to choose to join and, for companies, to be certified by the managing organisations. CLCs therefore only support the development of specific communities, who share similar values and practices, but whose growth can transform territorial economies.Nevertheless, in order for the demand internalisation to really benefit the economic development of their sub-territorial community, it is necessary to determine whether it really irrigates productive activities and not only distribution ones. To investigate which part of the economy is mostly supported by the internalisation of the users’ demand, I analyse the digital transaction data from the SoNantes and the Eusko, two French CLCs. The two CLCs are essentially implanted in the domestic sectors. If the SoNantes integrates more companies dedicated to productive activities support than the Eusko, the two CLCs mainly irrigate activities geared towards distribution and household consumption. The circulation of income from these sectors to productive activities remains low, limiting their economic development support potential.; Dans cet article, nous analysons le fonctionnement des monnaies locales convertibles (MLC) au travers de la théorie de la base économique. Nous mettons ainsi en évidence les mécanismes des MLC pouvant favoriser le développement de l’économie territoriale, notamment l’internalisation de la demande de leurs membres. Les utilisateurs des MLC ne représentent qu’une fraction des acteurs du territoire. Les MLC soutiennent donc le développement de sous-communautés spécifiques, mais dont la croissance peut transformer les économies territoriales. L’analyse des données de transaction numérique de la SoNantes et l’Eusko dévoile les sphères économiques empiriquement soutenues par les MLC. Ainsi, ces deux MLC françaises s’implantent essentiellement dans les secteurs domestiques et si, la SoNantes intègre des entreprises dédiées au soutien à des activités productives, les deux MLC irriguent majoritairement des activités de distribution et de consommation courante à destination des ménages. La transmission des recettes perçues par ces secteurs à des activités productives demeure faible, limitant le réel potentiel de développement économique des MLC.
Published: 2023
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5. Repeated Effects of Vigorous Interval Training in Basketball, Running-Biking, and Boxing on the Physical Self-Perceptions of Obese Adolescents

Author: Jean-Marc Vallier, Caroline Nicol, Olivier Rey, Charles-Symphorien Mercier, Christophe Maïano, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey ( ISM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Basketball, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.MHEP.PED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030229 sport sciences, Interval training, eye diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, [ SHS.PSY ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical therapy, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Psychology, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Applied Psychology
Abstract: International audience; This study aims to examine the repeated effects of three sessions of vigorous interval training (VIT) in basketball, running-biking, and boxing on the physical self-perceptions (PSP) of obese adolescents participating in a dietary program. A sample of 24 obese adolescents performed the consecutive VIT sessions every week for 5 weeks. PSP were measured immediately after each training session. Analyses of covariance were used to examine changes in PSP. The results showed rapid and constant increases in PSP with significant differences according to sex, time, type of VIT, and an interaction of sex by time by type of VIT, mainly for basketball.
Published: 2017
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6. L'anxiété et les symptômes dépressifs chez les parents d'enfants atteints de syndrome de Dravet

Author: Léonova , Tamara, De Saint-Martin , Anne, Nabbout , Rima, Auvin , Stéphane, Robert , Marie, Caharel , Stéphanie, Coqué , Nathalie, Piquard-Kipffer , Agnès, Piquard-Kipffer, Agnès, Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale (U1129), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP Hôpital universitaire Robert-Debré [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire de psychologie de l'interaction et des relations intersubjectives (INTERPSY), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA-Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire ( IGBMC ), Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Epilepsies de l'Enfant et Plasticité Cérébrale ( U1129 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Laboratoire de psychologie de l'interaction et des relations intersubjectives ( INTERPSY ), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées ( MIA-Paris ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication ( MULTISPEECH ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery ( LORIA - NLPKD ), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications ( LORIA ), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications ( LORIA ), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: [SCCO]Cognitive science, [SCCO.PSYC] Cognitive science/Psychology, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, [ SCCO.PSYC ] Cognitive science/Psychology, [ SCCO ] Cognitive science, [SCCO] Cognitive science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

7. Burning Potential of Fire Refuges in the Boreal Mixedwood Forest

Author: Laure Paradis, Adam A. Ali, Christelle Hély, Hugo Asselin, Samira Ouarmim, Yves Bergeron, Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, fire refuges, Prediction system, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, fuel moisture, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, fire modeling, fire susceptibility, FlamMap3, Ecosystem, Fire ecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, Fire regime, Ecology, Taiga, Forestry, Fuel type, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, Fire spread, Boreal, lcsh:Plant ecology, Environmental science
Abstract: International audience; In boreal ecosystems, wildfire severity (i.e., the extent of fire-related tree mortality) is affected by environmental conditions and fire intensity. A burned area usually includes tree patches that partially or entirely escaped fire. There are two types of post-fire residual patches: (1) patches that only escaped the last fire; and (2) patches with lower fire susceptibility, also called fire refuges, that escaped several consecutive fires, likely due to particular site characteristics. The main objective of this study was to test if particular environmental conditions and stand characteristics could explain the presence of fire refuges in the mixedwood boreal forest. The FlamMap3 fire behavior model running at the landscape scale was used on the present-day Lake Duparquet forest mosaic and on four other experimental scenarios. FlamMap3 was first calibrated using BehavePlus and realistic rates of fire spread obtained from the Canadian Fire Behavior Prediction system. The results, based on thousands of runs, exclude the effects of firebreaks, topography, fuel type, and microtopography to explain the presence of fire refuges, but rather highlight the important role of moisture conditions in the fuel beds. Moist conditions are likely attributed to former small depressions having been filled with organic matter rather than present-day variations in ground surface topography.
Published: 2016
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8. Psycho-Physiological Responses of Obese Adolescents to an Intermittent Run Test Compared with a 20-M Shuttle Run

Author: Rey , Olivier, Maïano , Christophe, Nicol , Caroline, Mercier , Charles-Symphorien, Vallier , Jean-Marc, Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey ( ISM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle ( CERV ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre Européen de Réalité Virtuelle (CERV), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: aerobic fitness, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [ SHS.PSY ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], physical self, paediatric obesity, Running test, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.MHEP.PED ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology
Abstract: International audience; Among the running field tests that measure aerobic fitness indirectly , the 20-m shuttle run test is the one most commonly used among obese youth. However, this back and forth running test induces premature cessation of exercise in this population. The present study aimed to examine the psycho-physiological responses of obese adolescents to an intermittent (15-15) progressive and maximal run test as compared with a continuous shuttle run test. Eleven obese adolescents (age: 14-15 years; BMI = 34.01 ± 5.30 kg • m-2) performed both tests. A two-way ANOVA examined the main effects of the running test, participant's sex, and their interaction on maximal aerobic performance (net exercise duration and final velocity), physiological values (heart rate, pulmonary oxygen uptake, respiratory exchange ratio and blood lactate concentration) and psychological responses (rating of perceived exertion, and physical self-perceptions). Oxygen uptake and heart-rate values at 9 km • h-1 were also compared. Compared with a 20-m shuttle run, the 15-15 test induced lower pulmonary oxygen uptake values at 9 km/h (28.3 ± 2.7 vs. 35.4 ± 2.7 ml • min-1 • kg-1) and finished with higher maximal velocity and net exercise duration (566 ± 156 vs. 346 ± 156 s, p < 0.001), with no inter-test physiological difference. The 15-15 test also resulted in higher ratings of perceived exertion (16.0 ± 1.2 vs. 12.7 ± 1.6, p < 0.001) and improved perceived physical condition compared with the 20-m shuttle run (+1.4 ± 1.4 vs. +0.2 ± 1.0, p < 0.05). Both tests induced a maximal aerobic power of obese adolescents, but the 15-15 test provided a more progressive speed increment and longer exercise duration. The 15-15 test also elicited a significant improvement of perceived physical condition. In conclusion the 15-15 test can be considered a relevant field test for assessing the aerobic fitness of obese adolescents.
Published: 2016

9. Positive biodiversity-productivity relationship predominant in global forests

Author: David A. Coomes, Christian Ammer, Christopher Baraloto, Michael R. Ngugi, Emanuel H. Martin, Simon L. Lewis, Francesco Rovero, Peter B. Reich, Jordi Vayreda, A. David McGuire, Henry B. Glick, David David Verbyla, Xiangdong Lei, Nicolas Picard, Eungul Lee, R. Vásquez, Alain Paquette, Alexander Christian Vibrans, Radomir Bałazy, Fumiaki Kitahara, Verginia Wortel, Frédéric Mortier, James V. Watson, Boknam Lee, William Marthy, Thomas W. Crowther, Andrzej M. Jagodziński, Lorenzo Frizzera, Bruno Hérault, Elena I. Parfenova, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Mart-Jan Schelhaas, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Nurdin Chamuya, N. M. Tchebakova, Hans Pretzsch, Daniel Piotto, Timothy G. O'Brien, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Helge Bruelheide, David E. Odeke, Christian Salas, Terry Sunderland, Jacek Oleksyn, Jun Zhu, Tommaso Jucker, Renato Valencia, Sebastian Pfautsch, Han Y. H. Chen, Pascal A. Niklaus, Susan K. Wiser, Patricia Alvarez-Loayza, Fabio Bozzato, Bonaventure Sonké, Robert Bitariho, Hyun-Seok Kim, Sergio de-Miguel, Peter Schall, Mo Zhou, Markus Fischer, Andrew R. Marshall, Jingjing Liang, Huicui Lu, Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Fernando Valladares, Leandro Valle Ferreira, Victor J. Neldner, Susanne Brandl, Christopher B. Barrett, Damiano Gianelle, Nestor L. Engone-Obiang, Eric B. Searle, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Christelle Gonmadje, Giorgio Alberti, Rebecca Tavani, Pablo Luis Peri, Geerten M. Hengeveld, Filippo Bussotti, Bernhard Schmid, Leena Finér, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Olivier Bouriaud, Helder Viana, Davis College of Agriculture - School of Natural Resources and Design, West Virginia University, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Yale School Forestry & Environment Studies, Yale University [New Haven], Forestry Department, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Landcare Research, Departement Agri Food Animal & Environment Science, Università degli Studi di Udine - University of Udine [Italie], Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), US Geological Survey [Laurel], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Architecture & Environment Department, Italcementi Group, Institute of Forest Growth & Yield Science, School Life Science Weihenstephan (TUM), Deptamento de Produccion Vegetal & Ciencia Forestal, Universitat de Lleida, Centro Tecnológico Forestal de Cataluña (CTFC), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université McGill -Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Charles H Dyson School Applied Economics & Management, Cornell University, Team Vegetation Forest & Landscape Ecology, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University (UWS), Centre for the Study of Education, Technologies and Health (CSETH), Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal), Departamento de Engenharia Florestal (DEF), Universidade Regional de Blumenau (FURB), Deptment of Silviculture & Forest Ecology of Temperate Zones, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, School of Natural Resources & Extension, University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization-The Volcani Center, Faculty of Natural Resources management, Lakehead University, Research Institute of Forest Resource InformationTechn, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Research & Innovation Center, Sustainable Agroecosystem & Bioresources Depat, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Department Ciencias Forestales, University of La Frontera, Department of Geography & Geology, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Seoul], Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Department of Forest Sciences, Inst Biol Geobot & Bot Garden, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Sustainable Landscape & Food Syst, Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Forêts et Sociétés (Cirad-Es-UPR 105 Forêts et Sociétés), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Biology, Higher Teachers Training College (HTTC), Université deYaoundé I, Department of Forestry, Food & Agr Org UN, Department of Statistics, University of Haifa [Haifa], Hans Carl von Carlowitz, Bavarian State Institute of Forestry, Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation, EcoSciences Precinct, Department of Biological Sciences, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Sekocin Stary Braci, Forest Research Institute, Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Cornell University [New York], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Western Sydney University, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Natural Resources Management [Thunder Bay], Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Department of Science, Information Technology and Innovation [Queensland] (DSITI), The European Union for funding the COST Action FP1206 EuMIXFOR, FEDER/ COMPETE/POCI under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013, Swiss National Science Foundation grant 310030B_147092, the EU H2020 PEGASUS project (no 633814), EU H2020 Simwood project (no 613762), and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program within the framework of the MultiFUNGtionality Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship (IF-EF) under grant agreement 655815, ANR-10-LABX-0025, European Project: 633814,H2020,H2020-ISIB-2014-2,PEGASUS(2015), Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Instituto Superior de Agronomia [Lisboa] (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA)-Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management (Dyson), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Biome, Biodiversity, forest management, forêt tropicale, Forests, 01 natural sciences, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Bos- en Natuurbeleid, Deforestation, Produttività, Agroforestry, Medicine (all), Multidisciplinary, PE&RC, Biodiversità, Forest Ecosystems, international, Forêt, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Conservation of Natural Resources, Production forestière, Manejo Forestal, gestion des ressources naturelles, Extinction, Biological, Biodiversidad, multifonctionalité, multifunctionality, Conservation des ressources, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Ecosystem, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Vegetatie, Escala Global, Socioeconomic Development, Impact sur l'environnement, Production, 15. Life on land, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, biodiversité forestière, Deforestación, Cambio Climático, Politique forestière, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Forest ecology, gestion forestière, Global Scale, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nature conservation, Trees, Ecosystem services, biodiversité, Dynamique des populations, Forest and Landscape Ecology, Productivity, Valuation (finance), Operaciones Forestales, Ecologia forestale, Ecology, conservation, Forest Management, Biometris, protection de la forêt, Conservación, Écosystème forestier, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Climate Change, Aménagement forestier, Forest management, Climate change, Conservation, 010603 evolutionary biology, Producción, Forestry Operations, Forest and Nature Conservation Policy, Ecosistemas Forestales, Life Science, Ressource forestière, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Desarrollo Socioeconómico, Vegetation, Ecología, Déboisement, K10 - Production forestière, 13. Climate action
Abstract: The biodiversity-productivity relationship (BPR) is foundational to our understanding of the global extinction crisis and its impacts on ecosystem functioning. Understanding BPR is critical for the accurate valuation and effective conservation of biodiversity. Using ground-sourced data from 777,126 permanent plots, spanning 44 countries and most terrestrial biomes, we reveal a globally consistent positive concave-down BPR, showing that continued biodiversity loss would result in an accelerating decline in forest productivity worldwide. The value of biodiversity in maintaining commercial forest productivity alone - US$166 billion to 490 billion per year according to our estimation - is more than twice what it would cost to implement effective global conservation. This highlights the need for a worldwide reassessment of biodiversity values, forest management strategies, and conservation priorities.
Published: 2016
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10. In situ Comparison of Tree-Ring Responses to Climate and Population Genetics: The Need to Control for Local Climate and Site Variables

Author: Huaitong Xu, Yves Bergeron, Martin P. Girardin, Christopher Carcaillet, Francine Tremblay, Johann Housset, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université McGill -Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Population, lcsh:Evolution, Ecology and Evolution, Population genetics, Climate change, Dendroclimatology, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, Dendrochronology, education, Population genetic, climate change adaptation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Phenotypic plasticity, education.field_of_study, Genetic diversity, Ecology, dendrochronology, population genetics, 15. Life on land, radial growth, climate change, 13. Climate action, Genetic structure, marginal populations, lcsh:Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Marginal population
Abstract: International audience; Tree species responses to climate change will be greatly influenced by their evolutionary potential and their phenotypic plasticity. Investigating tree-rings responses to climate and population genetics at the regional scale is crucial in assessing the tree behavior to climate change. This study combined in situ dendroclimatology and population genetics over a latitudinal gradient and compared the variations between the two at the intra- and inter-population levels. This approach was applied on the northern marginal populations of Thuja occidentalis (eastern white-cedar) in the Canadian boreal forest. We aimed first to assess the radial growth variability (response functional trait) within populations across the gradient and to compare it with the genetic diversity (microsatellites). Second, we investigated the variability in the growth response to climate at the regional scale through the radial growth-climate relationships, and tested its correlation with environmental variables and population genetic structure. Model selection based on the Akaike Information Criteria revealed that the growth synchronicity between pairs of trees of a population covariates with both the genetic diversity of this population and the amount of precipitation (inverse correlations), although these variables only explained a small fraction of the observed variance. At the regional scale, variance partitioning and partial redundancy analysis indicate that the growth response to climate was greatly modulated by stand environmental variables, suggesting predominant plastic variations in growth-response to climate. Combining in situ dendroclimatology and population genetics is a promising way to investigate species’ response capacity to climate change in natural stands. We stress the need to control for local climate and site conditions effects on dendroclimatic response to climate to avoid misleading conclusions regarding the associations with genetic variables.
Published: 2016
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11. Globally invariant metabolism but density-diversity mismatch in springtails

Author: Anton M. Potapov, Carlos A. Guerra, Johan van den Hoogen, Anatoly Babenko, Bruno C. Bellini, Matty P. Berg, Steven L. Chown, Louis Deharveng, Ľubomír Kováč, Natalia A. Kuznetsova, Jean-François Ponge, Mikhail B. Potapov, David J. Russell, Douglas Alexandre, Juha M. Alatalo, Javier I. Arbea, Ipsa Bandyopadhyaya, Verónica Bernava, Stef Bokhorst, Thomas Bolger, Gabriela Castaño-Meneses, Matthieu Chauvat, Ting-Wen Chen, Mathilde Chomel, Aimee T. Classen, Jerome Cortet, Peter Čuchta, Ana Manuela de la Pedrosa, Susana S. D. Ferreira, Cristina Fiera, Juliane Filser, Oscar Franken, Saori Fujii, Essivi Gagnon Koudji, Meixiang Gao, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Diego F. Gomez-Pamies, Michelle Greve, I. Tanya Handa, Charlène Heiniger, Martin Holmstrup, Pablo Homet, Mari Ivask, Charlene Janion-Scheepers, Malte Jochum, Sophie Joimel, Bruna Claudia S. Jorge, Edite Jucevica, Olga Ferlian, Luís Carlos Iuñes de Oliveira Filho, Osmar Klauberg-Filho, Dilmar Baretta, Eveline J. Krab, Annely Kuu, Estevam C. A. de Lima, Dunmei Lin, Zoe Lindo, Amy Liu, Jing-Zhong Lu, María José Luciañez, Michael T. Marx, Matthew A. McCary, Maria A. Minor, Taizo Nakamori, Ilaria Negri, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, José G. Palacios-Vargas, Melanie M. Pollierer, Pascal Querner, Natália Raschmanová, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Laura J. Raymond-Léonard, Laurent Rousseau, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Sandrine Salmon, Emma J. Sayer, Nicole Scheunemann, Cornelia Scholz, Julia Seeber, Yulia B. Shveenkova, Sophya K. Stebaeva, Maria Sterzynska, Xin Sun, Winda I. Susanti, Anastasia A. Taskaeva, Madhav P. Thakur, Maria A. Tsiafouli, Matthew S. Turnbull, Mthokozisi N. Twala, Alexei V. Uvarov, Lisa A. Venier, Lina A. Widenfalk, Bruna R. Winck, Daniel Winkler, Donghui Wu, Zhijing Xie, Rui Yin, Douglas Zeppelini, Thomas W. Crowther, Nico Eisenhauer, Stefan Scheu, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany, Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Botany and Zoology, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRGS), Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Community and Conservation Ecology Group [Groningen], Université de Groningen, Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia, Institute of Biology and Chemistry, Moscow Pedagogical State University, Moscow, Russia, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution (MECADEV), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Soil Zoology, Senckenberg Society for Nature Research, Görlitz, Germany, Department of Soil Science, Centre for Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDUESC Lages), Lages, SC, Brazil (UDUESC), Environmental Science Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Department of Sciences, CEPA Camargo, Astillero, Spain, Visva Bharati University, Bengal, India, Administración de Parques Nacionales, San Antonio, Argentina, School of Biology and Environmental Science - University College of Dublin, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), UCD Earth Institute, University College Dublin, Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México, Etude et Compréhension de la biodiversité (ECODIV), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), FiBL France, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Museum of Zoology, The University of Michigan Research Museums Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48108-2228, USA, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Departmento de Biología Zoología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain, Institute of Biology Bucharest, Romanian Academy, Department of General and Theoretical Ecology, University of Bremen, University of Bremen, Conservation Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Coastal Systems, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, ‘t Horntje, the Netherlands, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute (FFPRI), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Ningbo University (NBU), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Universidad Nacional de Misiones, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HEdS-Ge / HES-SO), Section of Terrestrial Ecology, Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu College, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Department of Entomology, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town, South Africa, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia, Department of Soil Science, Centre for Agriculture and Veterinary Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC-Lages), Lages, SC, Brazil, Department of Animal Science, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC Oeste), Chapecó, SC, Brazil, Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Climate Impacts Research Centre (CIRC), Umeå University, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Rice University [Houston], Wildlife and Ecology Group [New Zealand], Massey University, Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan, Department of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy, University of Cadiz, Netherlands Institute of Ecology - NIOO-KNAW (NETHERLANDS), Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria México, Natural History Museum [Vienna] (NHM), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Department of Integrated Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Zoology (BOKU), King Abdulaziz University, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Institute for Alpine Environment, Eurac Research, Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, State Nature Reserve 'Privolzhskaya Lesostep', Penza, Russia, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China, Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre UB RAS, University of Bern, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Sault Ste. Marie, ON, Canada, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden, Greensway AB, Uppsala, Sweden, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Wildlife Management and Wildlife Biology, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary, Key laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, Community Department, Helmholtz Center for Environmental Research, Halle, Germany, State University of Paraiba, Institute of Integrative Biology, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Conservation Ecology Group, Govers group, Ecology & Evolution, Amsterdam Sustainability Institute, Systems Ecology, Animal Ecology, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), and VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil Science, General Physics and Astronomy, 580 Plants (Botany), 000 Computer science, knowledge & systems, Markvetenskap, 590 Tiere (Zoologie), General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Soil, terrestrial food web, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Animals, 000 Informatik, Wissen, Systeme, Macroecology, Arthropods, Tundra, Ecosystem, Ekologi, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, soil fertility, collembola, Biodiversity, General Chemistry, 580 Pflanzen (Botanik), Settore AGR/11 - ENTOMOLOGIA GENERALE E APPLICATA, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 570 Life sciences, biology, 590 Animals (Zoology), 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie
Abstract: Soil life supports the functioning and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. Springtails (Collembola) are among the most abundant soil arthropods regulating soil fertility and flow of energy through above- and belowground food webs. However, the global distribution of springtail diversity and density, and how these relate to energy fluxes remains unknown. Here, using a global dataset representing 2470 sites, we estimate the total soil springtail biomass at 27.5 megatons carbon, which is threefold higher than wild terrestrial vertebrates, and record peak densities up to 2 million individuals per square meter in the tundra. Despite a 20-fold biomass difference between the tundra and the tropics, springtail energy use (community metabolism) remains similar across the latitudinal gradient, owing to the changes in temperature with latitude. Neither springtail density nor community metabolism is predicted by local species richness, which is high in the tropics, but comparably high in some temperate forests and even tundra. Changes in springtail activity may emerge from latitudinal gradients in temperature, predation and resource limitation in soil communities. Contrasting relationships of biomass, diversity and activity of springtail communities with temperature suggest that climate warming will alter fundamental soil biodiversity metrics in different directions, potentially restructuring terrestrial food webs and affecting soil functioning. The article is an outcome of the #GlobalCollembola community initiative that is voluntarily supported by researchers around the world. Data collection and analysis was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (19-74-00154 to A.P.) and by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (493345801 to A.P. and 192626868—SFB 990 to S.S.). We acknowledge support by the Open Access Publication Funds of the Göttingen University. The following funding bodies provided support for individual contributors: ARC SRIEAS Grant SR200100005 Securing Antarctica’s Environmental Future to S.L.C., Slovak Scientific Grant Agency VEGA 1/0438/22 to Ľ.K., RFBR 19-516-60002 to N.A.K., Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning and Qatar Petroleum to J.M.A., BIO 27 (2013-2014)-MAGyP and PICTO 2084 (2012)-ANPCyT to V.B., DAAD-19-10 and MSM200962001 to T.C., grant TE, PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2019-0358 to C.F., NWO grant 821.01.015 to O.F., National Natural Sciences Foundation of China No 41471037 and 41871042 to M.G., BIO 27 (2013-2014), MAGyP; PICT 2084 (2012), FONCyT to D.F.G., NRF South African National Antarctic Programme grant 110734 to M.G., Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), EcoEnergy Innovation Initiative under the Office of Energy Research and Development, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to I.T.H., L.A.V. and L.R., Independent Research Fund Denmark grant no. DFF-4002-00384 to M.H., Estonian Science Foundation G9145 to M.I., SA-France bilateral grant to C.J., SA (NRF)/Russia (RFBR) Joint Science and Technology Research Collaboration project no. 19-516-60002 (FRBR) and no. 118904 (NRF) to M.P. and C.J., European Research Council (ERC), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 677232; to N.E.); iDiv, German Research Foundation (DFG–FZT 118, 202548816) to M.J. and N.E., French National Agency of Research (ANR) (JASSUR research project; ANR-12-VBDU-0011), «Ministère de l’Agriculture et de la Pêche» and «Ministère de l’Education Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie» (ACTA programme), «Ministère de l’Aménagement du Territoire et de l’Environnement» (Pnetox programme), EU-funded project, ECOGEN QLK5-CT-2002-01666 (www.ecogen.dk), “Agence de l’Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Énergie” (BIOINDICATEUR 2, BIOTECHNOSOL), ANDRA and GISFI (www.gisfi.fr) to S.J., GRR SER-BIODIV (Région Normandie, France) to MCha, ESF9258, B02 to A.K., Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (grant no. 2018CDXYCH0014) to D.L., DFG 316045089 to J.L., Massey University Research Fund grant to M.A.M., DFG SCHE 376/38-2 to M.M.P., grant from the Austria Academy of Science: Heritage_2020-043_Modeling-Museum to P.Q., Slovak Scientific Grant Agency: VEGA Nos. 1/0441/03 and 1/3267/06 to N.R., Higher Education Commission of Pakistan to M.I.R., RSF 21-74-00126 to R.A.S., Austrian Federal Government and European Union (Rural Development 2014-2020) to J.S., АААА-А17-122040600025-2 to A.A.T., Brazilian Council for Scientific and Technological Development—CNPq (grant no. 152717/2016-1) to B.R.W., 309030/2018-8 to D.Z. and 305426/2018-4 to B.C.B., National Natural Science Foundation of China (31970434, 31772491) to N.N.G., Research and Innovation Support Foundation of Santa Catarina (FAPESC) (6.309/2011-6/FAPESC) and the CNPq (563251/2010-7/CNPq) to L.C.I.O.F., O.K.-F., the Latvian Council of Science Grants no. 90.108, 93.140, 96.0110, 01.0344 to E.J., CNPq for the Research Productivity Grant (305939/2018-1) to D.B., FPI-MICINN grant in the project INTERCAPA (CGL2014-56739-R) to P.H, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) to Z.L., Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary TKP2021-NKTA-43 to D.W. Authors are grateful to Penelope Greenslade for providing the literature on Australian Collembola communities. Authors are grateful to Frans Janssens for providing the global checklist of Collembola.
Published: 2023
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12. Unexpected warming-induced growth decline in Thuja occidentalis at its northern limits in North America

Author: Yves Bergeron, Martin P. Girardin, Christopher Carcaillet, Mathieu Baconnet, Johann Housset, École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERCC), Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université McGill -Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)
Subjects: Canada, Growing season, respiration, Dendroclimatology, drought, medicine, Dendrochronology, Boreal forest, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, forest productivity, Ecology, biology, Taiga, Global warming, Northern Hemisphere, 15. Life on land, Seasonality, tree ring, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, distribution limit, climate change, 13. Climate action, White-cedar, Environmental science, dendroclimatology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim - Towards the cold margins of the Northern Hemisphere boreal zone, continuing warming should theoretically provide a longer vegetative season, favouring growth and a northward shift in tree species distribution. The north- ern distribution of Thuja occidentalis L. (eastern white cedar) is marked by the presence of isolated marginal populations distant from the continuous distribu- tion. If those populations proved to be well adapted to their future local cli- matic conditions, their expansion could accelerate cedar poleward migration. We tested the hypotheses that (1) there will be a growth increase in cedar northern marginal populations as a result of global warming, and (2) the edaphic conditions and regional precipitation regimes will modulate their response to warming.Location - Canadian boreal forest, western Québec (47–50° N, 74–80° W).Methods - We investigated radial growth using tree-ring measurements from dominant and co-dominant eastern white cedar trees (n = 723) distributed along a latitudinal gradient from the species’ northern margin to the centre of its natural range. First, low-frequency growth variations were analysed on whole chronologies (ad 1720–2010). Second, inter-annual growth variations were tested against ad 1953–2010 monthly temperature and precipitation time series with a bootstrapped correlation function. Finally, the impact of environ- mental variables on the growth–climate relationships was assessed.Results - Unexpectedly, a growth decline was observed starting in 1980 in mar- ginal sites. Dendroclimatic analyses revealed that radial growth was not only limited by short growing seasons but also by summer droughts in the marginal zone. This response was exacerbated in sites that received less summer precipi- tation. Counterintuitively, autumn and spring precipitation negatively impacted on growth, especially in wet soil stands.Main conclusions - Northern marginal populations of cedar may have already reached their optimum temperature threshold for radial growth. Our results suggest that they will probably be facing increasing hydric stress selection pres- sure under the assumptions of climate change. Their responses to future warm- ing will be highly dependent on the seasonality and magnitude of variation in precipitation regimes.
Published: 2015
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13. Virtual reality and neuropsychological assessment: an analysis of human factors influencing performance and perceived mental effort

Author: A. Maneuvrier, H. Ceyte, P. Renaud, R. Morello, P. Fleury, L. M. Decker, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Réalité Virtuelle (CIREVE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Développement, Adaptation et Handicap. Régulations cardio-respiratoires et de la motricité (DevAH), Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Unité de Biostatistique et de Recherche Clinique (UBRC), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: Human-Computer Interaction, [SCCO]Cognitive science, Executive control of attention, Sense of presence, Cybersickness, Field dependence–independence, Video game experience, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Software
Abstract: International audience; This study aimed to compare a neuropsychological test tapping into executive control function, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), performed in either traditional paper-and-pencil (PP) or virtual reality (VR) modality, and to determine the role of human factors (i.e., sense of presence, cybersickness, field (in)dependence and video game experience) as contributors to performance and perceived mental effort. Indeed, if virtual assessment might bring the ecological dimension to controlled laboratory research, it is often suggested that human factors might bias performance. WCST performance and its associated perceived mental effort were compared between the two modalities (N = 107). In the VR modality (N= 52), a correlation matrix was conducted as well as a cluster analysis in order to build two experimental groups, or profiles, based on their subjective experience of VR. WCST performance and perceived mental effort were then compared between these two groups while controlling for age and education. Results outlined a similar WCST performance and perceived mental effort between the PP and VR modalities. However, when comparing the two VR groups, results suggest that an unfavorable profile for VR, i.e., less sense of presence, more cybersickness, more visual field dependence and less video game experience, is associated with greater perceived mental effort. These experimental findings enable outlining a new conceptual and methodological framework for the assessment of executive control task performance in VR. Results could help users to take human factors into consideration in order to fully exploit or predict the benefits of this tool.
Published: 2023
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14. Évaluation indirecte de la capacité aérobie d’adolescents obèses : intérêt d’un test de course à pied intermittent court, progressif et maximal

Author: D. Rossi, Caroline Nicol, Olivier Rey, Christophe Maïano, Charles-Symphorien Mercier, Jean-Marc Vallier, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé (LAMHESS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey ( ISM ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ), Laboratoire Motricité Humaine Expertise Sport Santé ( LAMHESS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ), Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Soin de suite et de réadaptation, [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], 4. Education, Intermittent, Rehabilitation, Running test, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030229 sport sciences, Adolescents, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Continu, Test de course, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Obesity, Obésité, Continuous
Abstract: International audience; Aim: Examine the interest of progressive intermittent running test (15-15) entitled Spartacus to assess indirectly the global level of aerobic capacity of obese adolescents in comparison with the continuous Shuttle run test.Methods: Forty-three obese adolescents (33 girls and 10 boys) performed the two tests. Differences according to the “test”, “sex” and the interaction “test × sex” have been assessed for the maximum heart rate (HRmax), the final running speed, the total and net running durations and the perceived effort.Results and discussion: The results did not reveal any significant inter-test differences for FCmax and the perceived effort. As compared to the Shuttle run test, the Spartacus led to a 20% increased final running speed (11.5 vs. 9.4 km/h) and a 3.3 times longer total running duration (17.3 vs. 5.3 min) for a 1.7 times longer net exercise duration (8.7 vs. 5.3 min, P < 0.001). The results were neither significantly influenced by the “sex” nor by the “test × sex” interaction.Conclusion: The Spartacus intermittent test allowed obese adolescents to reach a similar psychophysiological state effort at the end of the run while producing an increased performance in both speed and duration.; Objectifs: Déterminer l’intérêt du test intermittent progressif de type 15-15 appelé Spartacus pour mesurer indirectement le niveau global de capacité aérobie d’adolescents obèses en le comparant au test continu Navette.Patients et méthodes: Quarante-trois adolescents obèses (33 filles et 10 garçons) ont réalisé les deux tests. L’influence du « type de test », du « sexe » et de leur interaction a été évaluée sur la fréquence cardiaque maximale (FCmax), la vitesse de fin de test, les durées totale de test et nette de course, et la difficulté perçue.Résultats: Les résultats ne montrent pas de différence significative inter-tests pour la FCmax et la difficulté perçue. Comparé au test Navette, le Spartacus permet d’obtenir une vitesse finale 20 % supérieure (11,5 vs. 9,4 km/h) et une durée totale de test 3,3 fois plus longue (17,3 vs. 5,3 min) pour une durée nette de course 1,7 fois supérieure (8,7 vs. 5,3 min) (p < 0,001). Il n’y a pas d’effets significatifs du « sexe » ni de l’interaction « type de test × sexe ».Conclusion: Le test Spartacus permet d’atteindre un même état psychophysiologique maximal en produisant une vitesse de course et une durée totale de test supérieures.
Published: 2013
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15. Permanent Genetic Resources added to Molecular Ecology Resources Database 1 December 2009-31 January 2010

Author: Anderson, Cynthia M., Aparicio, Gallego J., Atangana, Alain R., Beaulieu, Jean, Bruford, Michael W., Cain, Forest, Campos, T., Cariani, A., Carvalho, M.A., Chen, Nan, Chen, P.P., Clamens, Anne-Laure, Clark, Ann M., Coeur D'Acier, A., Connolly, Paul, Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Coughlan, James P., Cross, Thomas S., DAVID, Bruno, De Bruyn, Colin, De Meyer, M., De Ridder, Chantal, Delatte, Hélène, Dettori, M.T., Downer, S.J., Dubreuil, Christine, Evans, K.J., Fan, Bin, Ferrara, G., Gagné, André, Gaillard, Maria, Gigliarelli, L., Giovinazzi, J., Gomez, D.R., Grünwald, N.J., Hansson, Bengt, Huotari, T., Jank, L., Jousselin, Emmanuelle, Jungmann, L., Kaczmarek, M.E., Khasa, Damase P., Kneebone, Jeff, Korpelainen, H., Kostamo, K., Lanfaloni, L., Lin, Haoran, Liu, Xiaochun, Lucentini, L., Maes, G.E., Mahaffee, W.F., Meng, Zining, Micali, S., Milano, I., Mok, H.F., Morin, L., Neill, T.M., Newton, Craig H., Ostrow, D. Gigi, Palomba, A., Panara, F., Puletti, M.E., Quarta, R., Quilici, Serge, Ramos, A.K.B., Rigaud, Thierry, Risterucci, Ange Marie, Salomon, Matthew P., Sánchez-Guillén, Rosa A., Sarver, Shane K., Sequeira, A.S., Sforça, D.A., Simiand, Christophe, Smith, Brian, Sousa, A.C.B., Souza, A.P., Stepien, C.C., Stuckert, A.J., Sulikowski, James, Tayeh, A., Tinti, F., Tsang, Paul C.W., Van Houdt, J.K.J., Vendramin, E., Verde, I., Virgilio, M., Wang, Huan L., Wang, Le, Wattier, Rémi A., Wellenreuther, Maren, Xie, Cong X., Zane, L., Zhang, Xiu J., Zhang, Yong, Zhuang, Zhimeng, Zucchi, M.I., Center for the Conservation of Biological Resources, Black Hills State University, Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), Centre d'étude de la forêt (CEF), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), School of Biosciences [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Department of Experimental Evolutionary Biology, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa), Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento [Brasil] (MAPA), Governo do Brasil-Governo do Brasil, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, ministry of education-Huazhong Agricultural University, Department of Biological Sciences [Wellesley], Wellesley College, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Marine Institute, Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Universidade de Vigo, Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Science, University College Cork (UCC), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Royal Museum for Central Africa [Tervuren] (RMCA), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Centro di Ricerca per la Frutticoltura, CRA, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Dipartimento di Biologia Cellulare e Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), CSIRO Entomology [Canberra], CSIRO Entomology, Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Department of Animal Ecology, Lund University [Lund], Department of Applied Biology, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Laboratory of Animal Diversity and Systematics, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vizon SciTecInc., Department of Biology [Gainesville] (UF|Biology), Polymorphismes d'intérêt agronomique (UMR PIA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal (DBV), Marine Science Center, University of New England (UNE), Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genome Research, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Department of Biology, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Pólo Apta Centro Sul, CYNTHIA M. ANDERSON, GALLEGO J. APARICIO, ALAIN R. ATANGANA, JEAN BEAULIEU, M.W. BRUFORD, FORREST CAIN, T. CAMPOS, A. CARIANI, M.A. CARVALHO, NAN CHEN, P.P. CHEN, A.-L. CLAMENS, ANN M. CLARK, A. COEUR D’ACIER, PAUL CONNOLLY, ADOLFO CORDERO-RIVERA, JAMES P. COUGHLAN, THOMAS S. CROSS, BRUNO DAVID, COLIN DE BRUYN, M. DE MEYER, CHANTAL DE RIDDER, H. DELATTE, M.T. DETTORI, S.J. DOWNER, CHRISTINE DUBREUIL, K.J. EVANS, BIN FAN, G. FERRARA, ANDRÉ GAGNÉ, MARIA GAILLARD, L. GIGLIARELLI, J. GIOVINAZZI, D.R. GOMEZ, N.J. GRÜNWALD, BENGT HANSSON, T. HUOTARI, L. JANK, E. JOUSSELIN, L. JUNGMANN, M.E. KACZMAREK, DAMASE P. KHASA, JEFF KNEEBONE, H. KORPELAINEN, K. KOSTAMO, L. LANFALONI, HAORAN LIN, XIAOCHUN LIU, L. LUCENTINI, G.E. MAES, W.F. MAHAFFEE, ZINING MENG, S. MICALI, I. MILANO, H.F. MOK, L. MORIN, T.M. NEILL, CRAIG H. NEWTON, D. GIGI OSTROW, A. PALOMBA, F. PANARA, M.E. PULETTI, R. QUARTA, S. QUILICI, A.K.B. RAMOS, THIERRY RIGAUD, A.M. RISTERUCCI, MATTHEW P. SALOMON, ROSA A. SÁNCHEZ-GUILLÉN, SHANE K. SARVER, A.S. SEQUEIRA, D.A. SFORÇA, C. SIMIAND, BRIAN SMITH, A.C.B. SOUSA, A.P. SOUZA, C.C. STEPIEN, A.J. STUCKERT, JAMES SULIKOWSKI, A. TAYEH, F. TINTI, PAUL C.W. TSANG, J.K.J. VAN HOUDT, E. VENDRAMIN, I. VERDE, M. VIRGILIO, HUAN L. WANG, LE WANG, RÉMI A. WATTIER, MAREN WELLENREUTHER, CONG X. XIE, L. ZANE, XIU J. ZHANG, YONG ZHANG, ZHIMENG ZHUANG, M.I. ZUCCHI, Universidad Politecnica de Valencia, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université Laval-Université Téluq (TELUQ)-Université de Montréal (UdeM)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)-Concordia University [Montreal]-Université McGill -Université du Québec en Abitibi-Témiscamingue (UQAT)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universidate de Vigo, Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] (ULB), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Centre d'étude de la forêt ( CEF ), Université Laval, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA)-Laurentian Forestry Centre, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética ( CBMEG ), Universidade Estadual de Campinas ( UNICAMP ), Università di Bologna [Bologna] ( UNIBO ), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária ( Embrapa ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), University College Cork ( UCC ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Libre de Bruxelles [Bruxelles] ( ULB ), Royal Museum for Central Africa, UMR Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical ( UMR PVBMT - Université de La Réunion ), Université de la Réunion ( UR ), University of Tasmania, Sun Yat-Sen University, Università degli Studi di Perugia ( UNIPG ), USDA-ARS, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire ( UNH ), The Finnish Environment Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven ( KU Leuven ), Polymorphismes d'intérêt agronomique ( PIA ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Departamento de Biologia Vegetal ( DBV ), University of New England ( UNE ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), and Universita degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua = Université de Padoue
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, microsatellite, Population genetics, Conservation Genetic, Allanblackia, Atlantic bluefin tuna, computer.software_genre, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pistacia terebinthus, microsatellites, F30 - Génétique et amélioration des plantes, 03 medical and health sciences, Botany, Genetics, Bactrocera, EST, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Database, biology, Pistacia, Thunnu, Animal, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratitis capitata, L10 - Génétique et amélioration des animaux, biology.organism_classification, Ischnura, Allanblackia floribunda, Fish, Genetic markers, Plante, GENETIQUE DES POPULATIONS, [ SDV.GEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, computer, ECOLOGIE, Biotechnology
Abstract: 4 pages; International audience; This article documents the addition of 220 microsatellite marker loci to the Molecular Ecology Resources Database. Loci were developed for the following species: Allanblackia floribunda, Amblyraja radiata, Bactrocera cucurbitae, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Dissodactylus primitivus, Elodea canadensis, Ephydatia fluviatilis, Galapaganus howdenae howdenae, Hoplostethus atlanticus, Ischnura elegans, Larimichthys polyactis, Opheodrys vernalis, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, Phragmidium violaceum, Pistacia vera, and Thunnus thynnus. These loci were cross-tested on the following species: Allanblackia gabonensis, Allanblackia stanerana, Neoceratitis cyanescens, Dacus ciliatus, Dacus demmerezi, Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa, Ceratits catoirii, Dacus punctatifrons, Ephydatia mülleri, Spongilla lacustris, Geodia cydonium, Axinella sp., Ischnura graellsii, Ischnura ramburii, Ischnura pumilio, Pistacia integerrima and Pistacia terebinthus.
Published: 2010
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16. Multicriteria reinforcement learning based on a russian doll method for network routing

Author: Alain Petrowski, Ilham Benyahia, Sebastien Houcke, Farouk Aissanou, Télécom Bretagne, Bibliothèque, Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles (RS2M), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom SudParis (TSP), Laboratoire de recherche en sécurité informatique (LRSI), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Lab-STICC_TB_CACS_COM, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Signal et Communications (SC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Département Réseaux et Services Multimédia Mobiles ( RS2M ), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Télécom SudParis ( TSP ), Laboratoire de recherche en sécurité informatique ( LRSI ), Université du Québec en Outaouais ( UQO ), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) ( Lab-STICC ), Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département Signal et Communications ( SC ), and Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Computer science, Wireless ad hoc network, business.industry, Pareto principle, Mobile computing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, [ SPI.SIGNAL ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 16. Peace & justice, Multiple-criteria decision analysis, IDMA, Multi-objective optimization, Chebyshev distance, Russian doll routing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Reinforcement learning, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Minification, Artificial intelligence, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Routing, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract: International audience; The routing in communication networks is typically a multicriteria decision making (MCDM) problem. However, setting the parameters of most used MCDM methods to fit the preferences of a decision maker is often a difficult task. A Russian doll method able to choose the best multicriteria solution according to a context defined beforehand is proposed. This context is given by a set of nested boxes in the criteria space, the shapes of which can be established from objective facts such as technical standards, technical specifications, etc. This kind of method is well suited for self-adaptive systems because it is designed to be able to give pertinent results without interaction with a decision maker, whatever the Pareto front. The Russian doll multicriteria decision method is used with a reinforcement learning to optimize the routing in a mobile ad-hoc network. The results on a case study show that the routing can be finely controlled because of the possibility to include as much parameters as desired to adjust the search of the best solution on Pareto fronts a priori unknown. These results are clearly better than those obtained with the optimization of a weighted sum or the minimization of a Chebyshev distance to a reference point.
Published: 2010

17. The early bud gets the cold: spring phenology drives exposure to late frost

Author: Mura, Claudio, Buttò, Valentina, Silvestro, Roberto, Deslauriers, Annie, Charrier, Guillaume, Raymond, Patricia, Rossi, Sergio, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs du Québec, and Convention Samuel de Champlain 2022/039 (France-Québec)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

18. On Convergence and Threshold Properties of Discrete Lotka-Volterra Population Protocols

Author: Adrian Kosowski, Przemyslaw Uznanski, Leszek Gasieniec, Jurek Czyzowicz, Paul G. Spirakis, Evangelos Kranakis, Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Department of Computer Science [Liverpool], University of Liverpool, Networks, Graphs and Algorithms (GANG), Laboratoire d'informatique Algorithmique : Fondements et Applications (LIAFA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), School of Computer Science [Ottawa], Carleton University, Research Academic Computer Technology institute [Patras] (RA-CTI), Department of Information and Computer Science [Aalto], Helsinki Institute for Information Technology (HIIT), Aalto University-University of Helsinki-Aalto University-University of Helsinki, ANR-11-BS02-0014,DISPLEXITY,Calculabilité et complexité en distribué(2011), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Aalto University-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Aalto University
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, education.field_of_study, General Computer Science, Discrete dynamics, Computer Networks and Communications, Applied Mathematics, Population, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], Type (model theory), Theoretical Computer Science, Combinatorics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, Linear term, Convergence (routing), Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), education, Natural class, Mathematics
Abstract: International audience; In this work we focus on a natural class of population protocols whose dynamics are modelled by the discrete version of Lotka-Volterra equations. In such protocols, when an agent $a$ of type (species) $i$ interacts with an agent $b$ of type (species) $j$ with $a$ as the initiator, then $b$'s type becomes $i$ with probability $P_{ij}$. In such an interaction, we think of $a$ as the predator, $b$ as the prey, and the type of the prey is either converted to that of the predator or stays as is. Such protocols capture the dynamics of some opinion spreading models andgeneralize the well-known Rock-Paper-Scissors discrete dynamics. We consider the pairwise interactions among agents that are scheduled uniformly at random.We start by considering the convergence time and show that any Lotka-Volterra-type protocol on an $n$-agent population converges to some absorbing state in time polynomial in $n$, w.h.p., when any pair of agents is allowed to interact. By contrast, when the interaction graph is a star, even the Rock-Paper-Scissors protocol requires exponential time to converge. We then study threshold effects exhibited by Lotka-Volterra-type protocols with 3 and more species under interactions between any pair of agents. We start by presenting a simple 4-type protocol in which the probability difference of reaching the two possible absorbing states is strongly amplified by the ratio of the initial populations of the two other types, which are transient, but ``control'' convergence. We then prove that the Rock-Paper-Scissors protocol reaches each of its three possible absorbing states with almost equal probability, starting from any configuration satisfying some sub-linear lower bound on the initial size of each species. That is, Rock-Paper-Scissors is a realization of a ``coin-flip consensus'' in a distributed system. Some of our techniques may be of independent value.
Published: 2022
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19. Business Ecosystem: How a Scientific and Commercial Activity Survive Turbulence

Author: Harbour, Michelle, Gauthier, Jacques-Bernard, and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: Business ecosystem, JEL: M - Business Administration and Business Economics • Marketing • Accounting • Personnel Economics, publishing, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, scientific periodicals, JEL: L - Industrial Organization, cooperation strategies
Abstract: The communication of scientific knowledge through the publications of scientific periodicals is organized in a complex and dynamic business ecosystem where convergent and divergent objectives coexist. The purpose of this paper is to study the cooperation strategies that ensure the maintenance and development of this business ecosystem. Our results show the coexistence of three cooperation strategies: homeostatic cooperation, pressure cooperation and adaptation cooperation. Our study provides two main contributions. First, we now have a new perspective the strategic dynamics of this business ecosystem. We have seen that the publication of scientific periodicals is an expanding community business ecosystem, through the active role of the actors in the different strata of this ecosystem. We also found that these actors can act on different cooperation strategies simultaneously. Second, the identification of three types of cooperation strategies mobilized by stakeholders is also an important contribution to the literature on business ecosystems and to the literature on cooperation strategies.; La communication des connaissances scientifiques par le biais des revues savantes est organisée en un écosystème d'affaires complexe et dynamique où coexistent des objectifs convergents et divergents. Le but de ce papier est d'étudier les stratégies de coopération qui assurent le maintient et le développement de cet écosystème d'affaires. Nous résultats montrent la coexistence de trois stratégies de coopération : des coopération homéostatiques, des coopérations de pression et des coopérations d'adaptation. Deux principales contributions émergent de nos résultats. Notre première contribution est que notre étude offre une nouvelle perspectives sur la dynamique stratégique d'un écosystème d'affaires. En effet, nous avons vu que la publication de périodiques scientifique est un écosystème d'affaires identifié comme une communauté d'affaires par le rôle actif des différents acteurs dans plusieurs strates de cet écosystème. Nous avons constaté que plusieurs acteurs mobilisent plusieurs stratégies de coopération et ce, simultanément. Notre seconde contribution consiste en l'identification de trois types de stratégies de coopération.
Published: 2022

20. The rigor-relevance gap in Project Management research: It's time to stop the lament and think and act reflexively

Author: Gauthier, Jacques-Bernard, Ika, Lavagnon, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), École de gestion Telfer / Université d'Ottawa, and University of Ottawa [Ottawa]
Subjects: Reflexivity, Ontology, Project Management Research, Rigor, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, Epistemology, Social Theory, Relevance
Abstract: Over the last decades, the "rigor-relevance gap" has garnered attention in Project Management (PM) research. In this paper, we argue that reflexivity can help produce more relevant and rigorous research and we invite scholars to stop sitting on the sidelines only to lament such a gap. In our clarion call to overcoming the gap, we challenge scholars to take an active and competent part. To that end, we outline typical reflexive questions along with four main pillars that scholars ought to take into account: 1) the status of the PM knowledge field; 2) the evolution of PM through historical periods of thoughts; 3) PM and social theory; and 4) ontological and epistemological assumptions. We also showcase the dialectical interplay not only between sociology and PM but also among these interdependent pillars. Finally, we conclude that such an interplay offers the best opportunity to overcome the rigor-relevance gap in PM.
Published: 2022

21. German, Portuguese and Spanish Versions of the Revised Short Form of the Physical Self-Inventory (PSI-S- R )

Author: Christophe Maïano, Alexandre J. S. Morin, Maike Tietjens, Tânia Bastos, Maxime Luiggi, Rui Corredeira, Jean Griffet, David Sánchez-Oliva, Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Concordia University [Montreal], Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidad de Extremadura - University of Extremadura (UEX)
Subjects: physical self-inventory, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SCCO.PSYC]Cognitive science/Psychology, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, exploratory structural equation modeling, ESEM, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Physical self-concept, PSI-S
Abstract: International audience; The present study sought to examine the psychometric properties of new German, Portuguese, and Spanish versions of the Revised Short Form of the Physical Self-Inventory (PSI-S-R), and to contrast these properties against those from the original French version of this instrument. Participants (n = 1802) were 288 French youth, 177 German youth, 848 Portuguese youths and 489 Spanish youth. Results from exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) analyses supported the factor validity and reliability of PSI-S-R across the overall sample and each linguistic sample. Subsequent analyses supported the weak, partial strong, and strict invariance of this measure, and revealed a lack of differential item functioning (i.e., measurement bias) as a function of age, body mass index, sex and sport involvement across all linguistic versions. However, latent mean differences were observed as a function of these predictors and countries.
Published: 2022
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22. Preventive support scheme for mathematics learning: possible ways to provide aid before and after the class session

Author: Millon-Fauré, Karine, Marchand, Patricia, Guille-Biel Winder, Claire, Assude, Teresa, Koudogbo, Jeanne, Theis, Laurent, Thibault, Mathieu, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Apprentissage, Didactique, Evaluation, Formation (ADEF), and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: fractions, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, preventive support scheme, students in difficulty, Didactic system, [MATH]Mathematics [math], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Since 2013, we have studied a support scheme for students who have difficulties solving mathematical problems. We call this a "preventive support scheme" and are interested in modelling its functions. These interventions take place before and after a specific classroom session, in order to facilitate the students' introduction to the planned learning situation, their involvement in the work required and their appropriation of the target knowledge. The work proposed in this scheme can take various forms and the aim of this communication is to illustrate this point by presenting, for a given situation, different tasks which can be proposed either before or after the classroom session. This study will allow us to highlight the precautions to be taken to design such devices.
Published: 2022

23. Phenology and frost hardiness in sugar maple populations

Author: C Mura, A Deslauriers, S Delagrange, G Charrier, P Raymond, S Rossi, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), and Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

24. Lean and CSR, contradictions and complementarities: Toward an effective managerial solution

Author: Silverster Ivanaj, Alice Friser, Corinne Gendron, Mélanie Collet, ICN Business School, Centre Européen de Recherche en Economie Financière et Gestion des Entreprises (CEREFIGE), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: 05 social sciences, General Business, Management and Accounting, Lean manufacturing, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 8. Economic growth, 0502 economics and business, Corporate social responsibility, 050211 marketing, Business, ISO 26000, Overall performance, Productivity, 050203 business & management, Industrial organization
Abstract: International audience; Lean management is a way for companies to improve their productivity and bring down their costs. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) aims to meet the expectations of stakeholders concerning a company’s impact on the environment and society. Despite their importance, and sometimes their coexistence, companies tend to tackle these two approaches separately. In this study, which employs a qualitative survey of seven companies, we attempt to understand the synergies and possible contradictions between Lean and CSR approaches. Firstly, it is clear that Lean, like CSR, concerns the economy, the environment, and stakeholder relations. Secondly, when combined, these two approaches compensate for their respective shortfalls: Lean management makes it possible to justify CSR on economic and financial levels, and provides CSR with a rigorous methodology in terms of operational management. CSR brings Lean management a way to consolidate its social and environmental benefits, and brings meaning that fosters employee engagement and extends the intervention scope of Lean to external stakeholders. This study also highlights a common key success factor, i.e., a corporate culture aimed at excellence. On this basis, the study recommends the combined implementation of both approaches in order to maximize their respective benefits. Seen from this perspective, CSR could be considered as continuous improvement of the company’s overall performance, the first step of which would be Lean.
Published: 2021
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25. Field (In)dependence Flexibility Following a Virtual Immersion Is Associated With Cybersickness and Sense of Presence

Author: Maneuvrier, A., Decker, L. M., Renaud, P., Ceyte, G., Ceyte, H., Centre Interdisciplinaire de Réalité Virtuelle (CIREVE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement, Adaptation et Handicap. Régulations cardio-respiratoires et de la motricité (DevAH), and Université de Lorraine (UL)
Subjects: flexibility, [SCCO]Cognitive science, field dependence, sense of presence, perceptive style, multisensory integration, virtual reality, cybersickness, General Materials Science, sensory re-weighting virtual reality cybersickness sense of presence field dependence perceptive style flexibility multisensory integration, sensory re-weighting
Abstract: International audience; Field dependence–independence (FDI) is a psychological construct determining an individual’s approach of the perception–cognition coupling. In virtual reality (VR) context, several studies suggest that an individual’s perceptive style is susceptible to shift toward a more FI mode through down-weighting of conflicting visual cues. The present study proposes to investigate the potential flexible nature of FDI following a virtual immersion and to assess if this flexibility might be associated with the subjective experience of VR. 86 participants explored a real-world–like virtual environment for approximately 10 min. FDI levels were measured before and after the VR exposure using the rod-and-frame test. Their subjective experience of VR was measured a posteriori (cybersickness and sense of presence) and used in order to build two experimental groups via a cluster analysis. The results showed that only participants with a poor subjective experience of VR (i.e., a low level of sense of presence associated with a high level of cybersickness) significantly shifted to a more FI mode, which is discussed as a sensory re-weighting mechanism. Pragmatical applications are discussed, and future studies are outlined, based on the conclusion that FDI might be more flexible than we thought, which could shed light on the psychophysiology of VR.
Published: 2021
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26. Relationship between perceived physical self-concept and grade in physical education: The mediating role of test anxiety

Author: Sarah Danthony, Nicolas Mascret, Olivier Rey, Christophe Maïano, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: evaluation, media_common.quotation_subject, school, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Physical attractiveness, Self-concept, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Physical strength, medicine.disease, self-concept, Physical education, medicine, Perceived control, adolescence, Worry, Psychology, Competence (human resources), Applied Psychology, Clinical psychology, media_common, Test anxiety
Abstract: International audience; The first aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relationships between adolescents' physical selfperceptions (physical condition, sport competence, physical attractiveness, physical strength) and grade in Physical Education (PE). The second aim was to investigate the potential indirect effect of PE test anxiety variables (worry, self-focus, bodily symptoms, somatic tension, perceived control) on the relationships between physical self-perceptions and grade in PE. French adolescent students (N = 412; 225 girls) completed scales assessing physical self-perceptions and PE test anxiety. The results highlighted that grade in PE was positively predicted by sport competence, somatic tension, and perceived control, and negatively predicted by bodily symptoms in PE. The results also showed that bodily symptoms have a significant negative indirect effect on the relationships between perceived sport competence and grade in PE, and between physical strength and grade in PE. A significant indirect effect of somatic tension on the relationship between sport competence and grade in PE has also been found.
Published: 2021
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27. Determinants of biosecurity practices in French duck farms after a H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza epidemic: The effect of farmer knowledge, attitudes and personality traits

Author: Manon Racicot, Mathilde Paul, Jean-Pierre Vaillancourt, Lucie Fornili, Jean-Luc Guérin, André Durivage, Mattias Delpont, Interactions hôtes-agents pathogènes [Toulouse] (IHAP), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and This work was carried out within the framework of the Chaire de Biosecurite aviaire at the Ecole Nationale Veterinaire de Toulouse, which is funded by the French Ministry of Agriculture.
Subjects: Adult, Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, 040301 veterinary sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Highly pathogenic, Biosecurity, Psychological intervention, Social pressure, perception, medicine.disease_cause, compliance, 0403 veterinary science, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype, Big Five personality traits, Epidemics, Socioeconomics, Poultry Diseases, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, socio-psychological factors, 0303 health sciences, Farmers, General Veterinary, General Immunology and Microbiology, poultry, Conscientiousness, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Influenza A virus subtype H5N1, Ducks, Geography, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Influenza in Birds, epidemiology, Female, avian influenza, France, Personality
Abstract: International audience; Biosecurity is crucial for infectious disease prevention, more importantly in the absence of vaccination. The need for improving the implementation of biosecurity practices was highlighted in French duck farms following the 2016-2017 H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) epidemic. Farmers have multiple reasons for not implementing biosecurity practices: external (time, money) and internal (socio-psychological). The purpose of this study was to determine how sets of socio-psychological factors (i.e. knowledge on biosecurity and avian influenza transmission, attitudes, personality traits, social background) affect the adoption of on-farm biosecurity practices. Biosecurity practices and socio-psychological determinants were assessed during 127 duck farm visits, in South West France, using both questionnaires and on-farm observations. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) identified three groups of farmers with different socio-psychological profiles: the first group was characterized by minimal knowledge, negative attitudes towards biosecurity, little social pressure and a low level of conscientiousness. The second group was characterized by more extensive experience in poultry production, higher stress and social pressure. The third group was characterized by less experience in poultry production, better knowledge and positive attitudes towards biosecurity, increased self-confidence and orientation towards action. The first group had a significantly lower adoption of biosecurity measures than the two other groups. A better understanding of the factors involved in farmers' decision-making could improve the efficiency of interventions aiming at improving and maintaining the level of on-farm biosecurity in the duck industry.
Published: 2020
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28. Are school difficulties an early sign for mental disorder diagnosis and suicide prevention? A comparative study of individuals who died by suicide and control group

Author: Fabienne Ligier, Johanne Renaud, Monique Séguin, Charles-Édouard Giguère, Charles-Edouard Notredame, Alain Lesage, McGill Group for Suicide Studies [Montréal, Canada] (MGSS), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], McGill University-McGill University, Maladies chroniques, santé perçue, et processus d'adaptation (APEMAC), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy (CPN), Service de Pédo-psychiatrie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Département de psychiatrie [Montréal], McGill University, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], and McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:RC435-571, Psychological intervention, Mental disorders, Suicide prevention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Forensic psychiatry, lcsh:Psychiatry, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Early childhood, Psychiatry, Mental disorder diagnosis, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, 4. Education, lcsh:RJ1-570, lcsh:Pediatrics, medicine.disease, Mental health, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, Suicide, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, School difficulties, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Child and adolescent, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article
Abstract: Background Suicide is the third leading cause of death worldwide among youth aged 10- to 19, and mental disorders are often associated in the etiology of suicidal behavior. Mental disorders are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in young people, a situation likely to increase the severity of the disorder and suicide risk. Presence of school difficulties may, in some cases, be a consequence of mental disorder, and theses difficulties are observable. Therefore, early detection and early intervention of school difficulties may alleviate the development of mental disorders and suicide vulnerability. The aim of this study is to understand the link between school difficulties and suicide risk. Methods We used the data bank gathered by the McGill Group on Suicide Studies over the past two decades through interviews with the relatives of individuals who died by suicide and with individuals from the community as a control group. We included data on common sociodemographic characteristics, life events and mental health characteristics identified before age 18, among individuals who died before the age of 35 or were interviewed before the age of 35. We identified 200 individuals who died by suicide and 97 living controls. We compared groups according to gender and characteristics. Results Within the total sample, 74% were male, 13% had met with academic failure, 18% had engaged in inappropriate behavior at school, and 18% presented combined school difficulties. Combined school difficulties (academic failure and inappropriate behavior) for both sexes and academic failure alone for males were associated with higher suicide risk before the age of 35. School difficulties generally began in early childhood and were linked to mental disorders/difficulties and substance abuse before age 18. Conclusions This study underlines the importance for parents, teachers, and educators to identify children with school difficulties—academic failure and behavioral difficulties at school—as early as possible in order to be able to propose adapted interventions. Early identification and proper diagnosis may prevent chronicity of some disorders, accumulation of adverse events, and even suicide.
Published: 2020
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29. Group search of the plane with faulty robots

Author: Evangelos Kranakis, Arnaud Labourel, Maxime Godon, Jurek Czyzowicz, Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), School of Computer Science (Carleton, Ottawa), Carleton University, Algorithmique Distribuée (DALGO), Laboratoire d'Informatique et Systèmes (LIS), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: General Computer Science, Competitive analysis, Computer science, Mobile robot, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Function (mathematics), 01 natural sciences, Theoretical Computer Science, Time of arrival, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Robot, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Algorithm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: A collection of k mobile robots, initially placed at the origin of the plane, are searching for a stationary target. Each robot r i has a unit visibility range and can move no faster than its maximal speed v i , for i = 1 , 2 , . . . , k . The robots can communicate between themselves. We consider two communication models: wireless, in which a message sent by a robot can reach all other robots immediately, regardless of their positions, and face-to-face (F2F), in which robots can only exchange information when they are meeting. We assume that up to f robots, where f k , may be unreliable. We consider two models of unreliability: (1) crash faults, in which we deal with an absence of some of the robots' capabilities (communication, perception, motion, etc.), and (2) byzantine faults, in which the robots may be malicious in that they may execute a wrong algorithm (e.g., transmitting wrong information). The goal is to minimize the group search time, which is equal to the time of arrival to the target of the last reliable robot. This is expressed as a function of d, the distance from the origin to the target. Our proposed algorithms for crash faults are asymptotically optimal in d in both communication models. For byzantine faults, our algorithm is asymptotically optimal for the wireless model. In the F2F model, we propose two algorithms: the first one has a competitive ratio of 2, while the second algorithm works for k ≥ 2 f + 2 and is optimal when the robots speeds are all equal.
Published: 2019
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30. Genetic introgression among differentiated clades is lower among clades exhibiting different parity modes

Author: Dorothea Lindtke, Jose Luis Horreo, Yann Surget-Groba, Patrick S. Fitze, Benoit Heulin, Merel C. Breedveld, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, University of Calgary, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), (PPOOP3_128375, PP00P3_152929/1, Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (Swiss National Science Foundation), Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales de Madrid (MNCN), Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia Evolutiva, University of Potsdam, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Academic Exchange Service, Swiss National Science Foundation, Hórreo, José Luis [0000-0002-9851-7651], Fitze, Patrick S. [0000-0002-6298-2471], Hórreo, José Luis, and Fitze, Patrick S.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Population genetics, Speciation, Zoology, Introgression, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Genetics, Transect, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, Genetics (clinical), Hybrid, Reproductive success, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, Reproductive isolation, 030104 developmental biology, Sympatric speciation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Oviparity
Abstract: [EN] Mechanisms leading to sympatric speciation are diverse and may build up reproductive isolation. Reproductive isolation among differentiated clades may exist due to genetic incompatibilities, sexual selection, differences in parity mode, reduced post-zygotic survival or reproductive success of hybrids. Here, we test whether differences in parity mode lead to reproductive isolation by investigating introgression in Zootoca vivipara, a lizard species exhibiting oviparous and viviparous reproduction. We measured introgression in transects spanning different viviparous clades, different oviparous subclades, transects containing oviparous and viviparous clades, and transects within the same subclade (control transects). Introgression in transects spanning oviparous and viviparous clades was one order of magnitude smaller than transects spanning the same reproductive mode and no statistical differences existed between transects spanning the same reproductive mode and control transects. Among types of transects, no significant differences existed in genetic and geographic distances, nor number of detected alleles. Moreover, hybrids were detected in all types of transects, showing that parity mode alone does not necessarily lead to complete reproductive isolation, which suggests that reinforcement may play an important role. The evolution of different parity modes together with reinforcement may thus promote reproductive isolation and rapid speciation, potentially explaining why only six of the almost 40,000 vertebrates belonging to groups consisting of viviparous and oviparous species exhibit bimodal reproduction., J.L.H. was supported by a Spanish MINECOpostdoc grant IJCI-2015-23618. D.L. was supported by the GermanAcademic Exchange Service. Project funds were provided by the SwissNational Science Foundation (PPOOP3_128375, PP00P3_152929/1 toP.S.F.) and the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (CGL2008-01522, CGL2012-32459, CGL2016-76918 to P.S.F.). A special thankgoes to María Luisa Peláez Aller and Teresa Suárez for help with themolecular analyses, Werner Mayer and the Central Research Labora-tories of the Natural History Museum Vienna for help with samplecollection, and Victoria Gonzalez Cascon (GIS Laboratory of theMNCN) who helped elaborating Figure1, Data available from the Dryad Digital Repository:https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qp7539t
Published: 2019
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31. Phenology and frost hardiness of sugar maple populations

Author: Mura, Claudio, Deslauriers, Annie, Delagrange, Sylvain, Charrier, Guillaume, raymond, patricia, Rossi, Sergio, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ministere des Forets, de la Faune et des Parcs du Quebec, Quebec, QC, Canada, and Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)
Subjects: [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

32. De l’adoption à la procréation assistée par autrui : cadres, pratiques et enjeux entourant la question des origines et de ses récits

Author: Agnès Martial, Isabel Côté, Kévin Lavoie, Valentina Baslyk, Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), and Martial, Agnes
Subjects: Social Sciences and Humanities, origins, Social Psychology, Reproduction (economics), reproductive technologies, Context (language use), Reproductive technology, technologies de la reproduction, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Politics, Empirical research, GN301-674, parenting, Kinship, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 0601 history and archaeology, Sociology, adoption, parenté, HQ1-2044, 060101 anthropology, filiation, 05 social sciences, Environmental ethics, 06 humanities and the arts, Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology, Conceptual framework, Anthropology, The family. Marriage. Woman, Sciences Humaines et Sociales, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Discipline, Social Sciences (miscellaneous), origines, 050104 developmental & child psychology
Abstract: Research Framework: In a context characterized by new possibilities for parenthood within societies where family structures are becoming increasingly diverse, the issue of knowing one's origins is currently provoking intense political, social and scientific debates. These debates are emblematic of a more general movement that reflects a growing interest in the question of origins within contemporary patterns of family configuration, whether created by adoption or assisted reproduction . The concept of origins is thus a particularly relevant window shedding light on current social and political issues surrounding the future of adoption, the conditions for assisted reproduction through donation, the legislative framework of surrogacy and the application of biogenetic knowledge, as well as an opportunity to analyze contemporary reconfigurations of kinship and family links. Objectives: To identify the primary issues underlying the discourse on personal origins by outlining the context from which it emerged, and by bringing together the various disciplinary approaches to define its parameters. Methodology: This article is based on the various authors' contributions in this issue, as well as on theoretical and empirical studies that show how the concept of origins is used by those involved in adoption and assisted reproduction . The comparative perspective is chosen for this article. Results: The focus on origins reveals a profound evolution linked to the growing dissociation of procreation from kinship, which appear to be leading to the emergence of "new" relationships and actors. The rapid advancement of reproductive technologies is broadening the circumstances, already present in adoption, in which people have children but do not become parents in the legal sense, remaining "at the edges" of kinship. Conclusions: The concept of origins provides a particularly rich field for examining current representations and interpretations of the individuals associated with it (birth "parents" in adoption, egg and sperm donors, women who have carried a child for others), the narratives that shape them, and the place they occupy (or their absence) in the accounts of those who are adopted or are born through surrogacy. Contribution: This article brings a theoretical and heuristic approach to the concept of origins and demonstrates its relevance for examining the multiple relational realities created by current family arrangements. The articles in this issue all contribute to this examination by reflecting in complementary ways on the question of parentage., Cadre de la recherche : Dans un contexte caractérisé par de nouvelles aspirations à la parentalité, au sein de sociétés où les formes familiales se diversifient, la question des origines suscite actuellement d’intenses débats politiques, sociaux et scientifiques. Ces débats sont emblématiques d’un mouvement plus général, qui témoigne d’une attention croissante à la question des origines dans les modes actuels de constitution des familles, qu’il s’agisse de l’adoption ou de la procréation assistée par autrui. La notion d’origine apparaît alors comme une entrée particulièrement pertinente pour éclairer les enjeux sociaux et politiques que soulèvent aujourd’hui le devenir de l’adoption, les conditions du recours à la procréation assistée avec don, l’encadrement législatif de la gestation pour autrui ou les usages des savoirs biogénétiques, ainsi que pour analyser les reconfigurations contemporaines de la parenté et des liens familiaux. Objectifs : Cet article a pour objectif de cerner les principaux enjeux qui sous-tendent la question des origines en retraçant les conditions d’émergence des discours sur le sujet de même qu’en faisant dialoguer les différents apports disciplinaires permettant d’en délimiter les contours. Méthodologie : Cet article s’appuie sur les différentes contributions des auteurs et autrices du numéro, de même que sur les travaux théoriques et empiriques qui retracent comment la question des origines est mobilisée par les personnes concernées par l’adoption de même que par la procréation assistée par autrui. Pour en rendre compte, la perspective comparative est valorisée. Résultats : L’attention aux origines révèle une évolution profonde liée à la dissociation croissante de la procréation et de la parenté, d’où semblent émerger des relations et des figures « nouvelles ». L’essor des technologies de la reproduction rend aujourd’hui plus nombreuses les circonstances, déjà présentes dans l’adoption, où des personnes procréent, mais ne deviennent pas – au sens légal - des parents, demeurant « aux marges » de la parenté. Conclusion : La notion d’origines offre un lieu d’examen particulièrement fécond des représentations et interprétations actuelles concernant les figures de l’origine (« parents » de naissance dans l’adoption, donneurs et donneuses de gamètes, femmes ayant porté un enfant pour autrui), les récits qui les constituent, la place qu’elles occupent (ou non) dans l’histoire des individus adoptés ou nés de la procréation par autrui. Contribution : Cet article apporte une réflexion théorique et heuristique sur la notion des origines tout en témoignant de sa pertinence pour réfléchir aux réalités relationnelles plurielles induites par les configurations familiales actuelles. L’ensemble des articles de ce numéro participe à cette réflexion en interrogeant la question des origines de manière complémentaire.
Published: 2021

33. Adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers: Links to young adulthood friendship quality

Author: Aino Sirparanta, Pascal Mallet, Magdalena A. Zdebik, Raphaële Miljkovitch, Katherine Pascuzzo, Ellen Moss, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)
Subjects: 050103 clinical psychology, Early adolescence, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 05 social sciences, Alienation, Developmental psychology, Test (assessment), [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Friendship, Perception, Early adulthood, Developmental and Educational Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Quality (business), Young adult, Life-span and Life-course Studies, Psychology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 050104 developmental & child psychology, media_common
Abstract: Few studies have been carried out on emerging adults’ friendships and on their developmental roots. Research suggests that in adolescence, both attachment to parents and attachment to peers play a role in future socio-emotional development. The aim of the present study was to compare attachment in these two types of relationships in adolescence according to gender and test whether they respectively predicted the perception of best friendship in early adulthood. A sample of 83 participants (49 girls) was seen in early adolescence (M = 13.66 years, SD = 0.64) and 7 years later (mean age = 21.15 years, SD = 0.83). At T1, participants completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, which measures attachment using three subscales (communication, alienation and trust) and one global security score. At T2, they completed the McGill Friendship Questionnaire. Results show that in adolescence, boys report higher security with parents compared to peers (mainly due to better communication), unlike girls who obtain higher scores with peers. Longitudinal findings reveal that alienation in the relation with parents is what best predicts friendship quality in early adulthood. These findings underline the specific internal working models at play in socio-emotional development and the way gender differences evolve from adolescence to early adulthood.
Published: 2021

34. Adolescents’ attachment to parents and peers

Author: Miljkovitch, Raphaële, Mallet, Pascal, Moss, Ellen D., Sirparanta, Aino, Pascuzzo, Katherine, Zdebik, Magdalena, Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Laboratoire Éthologie Cognition Développement (LECD), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Few studies have been carried out on emerging adults' friendships and on their developmental roots. Research suggests that in adolescence, both attachment to parents and attachment to peers play a role in future socio-emotional development. The aim of the present study was to compare attachment in these two types of relationships in adolescence according to gender and test whether they respectively predicted the perception of best friendship in early adulthood. A sample of 83 participants (49 girls) was seen in early adolescence (M = 13.66 years, SD = 0.64) and 7 years later (mean age = 21.15 years, SD = 0.83). At T1, participants completed the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, which measures attachment using three subscales (communication, alienation and trust) and one global security score. At T2, they completed the McGill Friendship Questionnaire. Results show that in adolescence, boys report higher security with parents compared to peers (mainly due to better communication), unlike girls who obtain higher scores with peers. Longitudinal findings reveal that alienation in the relation with parents is what best predicts friendship quality in early adulthood. These findings underline the specific internal working models at play in socio-emotional development and the way gender differences evolve from adolescence to early adulthood. Highlights: Contrary to female adolescents, males reported higher security with parents compared to peers (mainly due to better communication). Female adolescents reported better communication with peers than males. No gender difference in friendship quality in emerging adulthood was found. Results suggest that the progressive broadening of attachment from parents to peers occurs earlier for girls than for boys. Alienation in the relation with parents in early adolescence predicts friendship quality in early adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2021
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35. Cultural Differences in Face Recognition and Potential Underlying Mechanisms

Author: Caroline Blais, Karina J. Linnell, Serge Caparos, Amanda Estéphan, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Goldsmiths, University of London (Goldsmiths College), University of London [London], Fonctionnement et Dysfonctionnement Cognitifs : Les âges de la vie (DysCo), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8), Détection, évaluation, gestion des risques CHROniques et éMErgents (CHROME) / Université de Nîmes (CHROME), and Université de Nîmes (UNIMES)
Subjects: Visual perception, genetic structures, lcsh:BF1-990, Face (sociological concept), [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, visual perception, Review, Facial recognition system, 050105 experimental psychology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Face perception, Cultural diversity, Psychophysics, Psychology, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, face identification, 10. No inequality, General Psychology, face processing, 05 social sciences, culture, lcsh:Psychology, Categorization, cultural psychology, Cultural psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; The ability to recognize a face is crucial for the success of social interactions. Understanding the visual processes underlying this ability has been the focus of a long tradition of research. Recent advances in the field have revealed that individuals having different cultural backgrounds differ in the type of visual information they use for face processing. However, the mechanisms that underpin these differences remain unknown. Here, we revisit recent findings highlighting group differences in face processing. Then, we integrate these results in a model of visual categorization developed in the field of psychophysics: the RAP framework. On the basis of this framework, we discuss potential mechanisms, whether face-specific or not, that may underlie cross-cultural differences in face perception.
Published: 2021
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36. La distinction entre savoir et croyance dans l’enseignement de la théorie de l’évolution : étude des programmes et des manuels scolaires de SVT

Author: Chalak, Hanaà, Barroca-Paccard, M, Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (CREN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut national supérieur du professorat et de l'éducation - Académie de Nantes (INSPÉ Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: théorie de l’évolution, sciences de la vie et de la Terre, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, enseignement, savoir, croyance
Abstract: International audience; Dans cet article, nous nous proposons d’étudier la prise en compte de la distinction entre savoir et croyance dans les nouveaux programmes (2015 et 2019) et les manuels scolaires de SVT. En effet, le travail de cette démarcation pourrait aider certains élèves à dépasser les confusions qu’ils expriment entre savoir et croyance lorsqu’il s’agit de travailler sur la théorie de l’évolution. Notre analyse montre que les programmes du cycle 4 et du lycée insistent sur la distinction entre savoir et croyance, mais ne l’opérationnalisent pas clairement pour les enseignants. De plus, les manuels du cycle 4 révèlent une diversité dans le contenu des pages concernées ce qui témoigne de la complexité de l’étude. Toutefois, les enjeux semblent moins importants dans les manuels du lycée où cette distinction n’est pas transposée lorsque la théorie de l’évolution est étudiée. Cette hétérogénéité pourrait poser des difficultés aux enseignants qui peuvent s’appuyer sur ces différentes ressources.
Published: 2021

37. Quelles expériences du droit et de la justice pour les parents LGBTQ+ qui se séparent ?

Author: BILAND-CURINIER, Emilie, BOUCHARD, Joanie, LAVOIE, Kévin, CÔTÉ, Isabel, GIROUX, Michelle, Centre de sociologie des organisations (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), University of Ottawa [Ottawa], and Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO)
Subjects: famille, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SHS.DROIT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Law, LGBT, droit, séparations conjugales
Abstract: Cet article analyse les rapports au droit et à la justice des parents LGBTQ+ vivant au Québec, tels qu'ils se nouent au moment des séparations conjugales. Il souligne que la porté et les limites de la politique d'inclusion vis à vis de ces parents, engagés depuis le début des années 2000 dans cette province canadienne.
Published: 2021

38. For the sake of resilience and multifunctionality, let's diversify planted forests!

Author: Messier, Christian, Bauhus, Jürgen, Sousa‐Silva, Rita, Auge, Harald, Baeten, Lander, Barsoum, Nadia, Bruelheide, Helge, Caldwell, Benjamin, Cavender‐Bares, Jeannine, Dhiedt, Els, Eisenhauer, Nico, Ganade, Gislene, Gravel, Dominique, Guillemot, Joannès, Hall, Jefferson S., Hector, Andrew, Hérault, Bruno, Jactel, Hervé, Koricheva, Julia, Kreft, Holger, Mereu, Simone, Muys, Bart, Nock, Charles A., Paquette, Alain, Parker, John D., Perring, Michael P., Ponette, Quentin, Potvin, Catherine, Reich, Peter B., Scherer‐Lorenzen, Michael, Schnabel, Florian, Verheyen, Kris, Weih, Martin, Wollni, Meike, Zemp, Delphine Clara, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Forest Research [Great Britain], Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), University of Minnesota [Morris], University of Minnesota System, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte [Natal] (UFRN), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, University of Oxford [Oxford], Ecologie des forêts de Guyane (UMR ECOFOG), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Université de Guyane (UG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change (CMCC), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), University of Alberta, UK Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (UKCEH), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of Minnesota [Crookston], Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Institute of Biology of the University of Neuchâtel, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), University of Oxford, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences
Subjects: IMPACTS, Science & Technology, Ecology, PRODUCTIVITY, Evolution, Biodiversity & Conservation, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, forest functioning, Biodiversity, QH1-199.5, Ecology and Environment, climate change mitigation, sustainable forest management, PLANTATIONS, forest landscape restoration, Behavior and Systematics, Earth and Environmental Sciences, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem services, plantations, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, resilience, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract: International audience; As of 2020, the world has an estimated 290 million ha of planted forests and this number is continuously increasing. Of these, 131 million ha are monospecific planted forests under intensive management. Although monospecific planted forests are important in providing timber, they harbor less biodiversity and are potentially more susceptible to disturbances than natural or diverse planted forests. Here, we point out the increasing scientific evidence for increased resilience and ecosystem service provision of functionally and species diverse planted forests (hereafter referred to as diverse planted forests) compared to monospecific ones. Furthermore, we propose five concrete steps to foster the adoption of diverse planted forests: (1) improve awareness of benefits and practical options of diverse planted forests among land-owners, managers, and investors; (2) incentivize tree species diversity in public funding of afforestation and programs to diversify current maladapted planted forests of low diversity; (3) develop new wood-based products that can be derived from many different tree species not yet in use; (4) invest in research to assess landscape benefits of diverse planted forests for functional connectivity and resilience to global-change threats; and (5) improve the evidence base on diverse planted forests, in particular in currently under-represented regions, where new options could be tested.
Published: 2021
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39. Les droits familiaux des personnes LGBTQ+ au prisme des séparations conjugales

Author: Biland, Emilie, Bouchard, Joanie, Lavoie, Kévin, Côté, Isabel, Giroux, Michelle, Centre de sociologie des organisations (Sciences Po, CNRS) (CSO), Sciences Po (Sciences Po)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Université d'Ottawa [Ontario] (uOttawa), and Partenariat Séparations conjugales et recompositions parentales, Québec
Subjects: [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Published: 2021

40. Psychometric properties of measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of appearance ideals across eight countries

Author: Antonio Granero-Gallegos, Marie Eve Blackburns, Jacinthe Dion, Marita P. McCabe, Álvaro Sicilia, Marie L. Caltabiano, Esben Strodl, Christophe Maïano, Naomi Hayami-Chisuwa, Rachel F. Rodgers, Catherine Begin, S Gullo, Giada Pietrabissa, Qiqiang He, David Mellor, Gianluca Castelnuovo, Charlotte H. Markey, Manuel Alcaraz-Ibáñez, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Gianmauro Manzoni, Gianluca Lo Coco, Michel Probst, Annie Aimé, Deakin University [Burwood], Department of Psychology, University of Colorado [Boulder], James Cook University (JCU), Osaka City University (OCU), School of Psychology and Counselling [QUT], Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Rodgers, Rachel F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew, Markey, Charlotte, Granero-Gallegos, Antonio, Sicilia, Alvaro, Caltabiano, Marie, Blackburns, Marie-Eve, Hayami-Chisuwa, Naomi, Strodl, Esben, Aimé, Annie, Dion, Jacinthe, Lo Coco, Gianluca, Gullo, Salvatore, McCabe, Marita, Mellor, David, Castelnuovo, Gianluca, Probst, Michel, Manzoni, Gianmauro, Begin, Catherine, Pietrabissa, Giada, Alcaraz-Ibánez, Manuel, He, Qiqiang, and Maïano, Christophe
Subjects: Adult, Male, 050103 clinical psychology, Canada, China, Social Psychology, Adolescent, Psychometrics, media_common.quotation_subject, Mothers, 050109 social psychology, Settore M-PSI/08 - PSICOLOGIA CLINICA, Peer Group, Developmental psychology, Body Mass Index, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Young Adult, Sex Factors, Belgium, Japan, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 10. No inequality, Sociocultural evolution, Internalization, Group level, Socioeconomic status, General Psychology, Applied Psychology, media_common, Ideal (set theory), 05 social sciences, Body Weight, Age Factors, Australia, United States, Sociocultural influence, Body image, Italy, Spain, Female, Psychology, Body mass index, Pressures
Abstract: The aim of the current study was to examine the psychometric properties of two well-established measures of sociocultural influence and internalization of the thin/low body fat ideal and muscular ideal. Data from 6272 emerging adults (68.9 % female), aged 18-30 years from Australia, Belgium, Canada, China, Italy, Japan, Spain, and the U.S. were included in this study. Participants completed measures of pressure from mother, fathers, peers, and media, to both increase muscles and lose weight, as well as internalization of the thin/low body fat ideal and muscular ideal. Overall, support for partial invariance was found across the scales. In addition, group level differences were found between countries as well as along demographic factors including gender, age, body mass index, and socioeconomic status. These findings make an important contribution by identifying these scales as useful tools that will support future cross-country and cross-cultural examinations of explanatory models of the development of body image and eating concerns grounded within sociocultural theories.
Published: 2020
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41. Terrain de recherche et enjeux esthétiques et communicationnels d’une recherche sur le dispositif visuel-narratif et sensoriel de l’image manga

Author: Lechenaut, Emilie, Centre de Recherche sur les Médiations (Crem), Université de Lorraine (UL), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and LECHENAUT, Emilie
Subjects: Emotion, Manga, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Perception, [SHS] Humanities and Social Sciences, Narration visuelle, Spécificité, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Cet article s’inscrit dans le cadre d’une recherche sur le dispositif visuel-narratif et sensoriel du manga. Cette dernière vise à comprendre,comment à travers une technique graphique spécifique, l’image manga porte en elle une dimension avant tout expressive, sensorielle et émotionnelle. Dans sa visualité spécifique, l’image manga sollicite davantage les compétences perceptives et sensorielles du «lecteur-spectateur». Elle modifie les perceptions, les modes de lecture et le rapport à la narration. Ce ne sont pas des émotions qui sont représentées. Au contraire, elles sont perçues, saisie comme un comportement, une manière d’être qui va nourrir la narration et en donner une toute autre approche: plus interactive et perceptive. Cette recherche sur le discours émotionnel du manga se situe dans une approche méthodologique alliant l’observation participante, l’analyse de discours et de contenu, la sémiologie et l’enquête qualitative. Elle s’inscrit également dans des approches auto-ethnographique et d’anthropologie de la communication.
Published: 2020

42. Deterministic Treasure Hunt in the Plane with Angular Hints

Author: Andrzej Pelc, Yoann Dieudonné, Franck Petit, Sébastien Bouchard, DistributEd aLgorithms and sYStems (DELYS), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, Information et Systèmes - UR UPJV 4290 (MIS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Département d'Informatique et d'Ingénierie (DII), Wen-Lian Hsu, Der-Tsai Lee, Chung-Shou Liao, and ANR-16-CE25-0009,ESTATE,Auto-stabilisation et amélioration de la sûreté dans les environnements distribués évoluant dans le temps(2016)
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Vertex (graph theory), General Computer Science, Deterministic algorithm, Hint, [INFO.INFO-DS]Computer Science [cs]/Data Structures and Algorithms [cs.DS], 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Measure (mathematics), Combinatorics, Position (vector), Hints, Euclidean geometry, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Plane, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics, Cst, Mobile agent, 000 Computer science, knowledge, general works, Series (mathematics), Applied Mathematics, Computer Science Applications, Algorithm, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], Computer Science, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Treasure hunt, Exploration, Treasure, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Constant (mathematics)
Abstract: A mobile agent equipped with a compass and a measure of length has to find an inert treasure in the Euclidean plane. Both the agent and the treasure are modeled as points. In the beginning, the agent is at a distance at most $$D>0$$ from the treasure, but knows neither the distance nor any bound on it. Finding the treasure means getting at distance at most 1 from it. The agent makes a series of moves. Each of them consists in moving straight in a chosen direction at a chosen distance. In the beginning and after each move the agent gets a hint consisting of a positive angle smaller than $$2\pi$$ whose vertex is at the current position of the agent and within which the treasure is contained. We investigate the problem of how these hints permit the agent to lower the cost of finding the treasure, using a deterministic algorithm, where the cost is the worst-case total length of the agent’s trajectory. It is well known that without any hint the optimal (worst case) cost is $$\varTheta (D^2)$$ . We show that if all angles given as hints are at most $$\pi$$ , then the cost can be lowered to O(D), which is the optimal complexity. If all angles are at most $$\beta$$ , where $$\beta 0$$ . For both these positive results we present deterministic algorithms achieving the above costs. Finally, if angles given as hints can be arbitrary, smaller than $$2\pi$$ , then we show that cost complexity $$\varTheta (D^2)$$ cannot be beaten.
Published: 2020
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43. Presence Promotes Performance on a Virtual Spatial Cognition Task: Impact of Human Factors on Virtual Reality Assessment

Author: Arthur Maneuvrier, Philippe Fleury, Patrice Renaud, Leslie M. Decker, Hadrien Ceyte, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Réalité Virtuelle (CIREVE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Mobilités : Vieillissement, Pathologie, Santé (COMETE), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Développement, Adaptation et Handicap. Régulations cardio-respiratoires et de la motricité (DevAH), Université de Lorraine (UL), and Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO)
Subjects: immersion, Experimental control, field dependence, spatial orientation and navigation, Sense of presence, Cognition, Spatial cognition, Virtual reality, virtual environment (VE), human-computer interaction (HCI), [SCCO]Cognitive science, sense of presence, head-mounted display (HMD), Immersion (virtual reality), cybersickness, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Cognitive impairment, Psychology, Video game, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: International audience; The use of virtual reality in spatial cognition evaluation has been growing rapidly, mainly because of its potential applications in the training and diagnosis of cognitive impairment and its ability to blend experimental control and ecological validity. However, there are still many gray areas on virtual reality, notably on the sense of presence and its complex relationship to task performance. Performance in VR is often suggested to be influenced by other human factors including, amongst others, cybersickness, gender, video game experience, and field dependence. Would an individual experiencing more presence systematically show better performance? This study aimed to be part of a framework of virtual reality as this question is fundamental for rigorous assessment and diagnostics, and particularly in the spatial cognition field. Forty-eight healthy young subjects were recruited to take part in a virtual spatial cognition evaluation. Spatial cognition performance, along with their level of presence, cybersickness, video game experience, gender and field dependence, were measured. Matrix correlations were used, along with linear regressions and mediation analysis. Results show that presence promoted performance on the spatial cognition evaluation, while cybersickness symptoms hindered it, notably among women. The presence—performance relationship was not mediated by other human factors. Video game experience significantly predicted both sense of presence and cybersickness, the latter two being negatively correlated. Even if women experienced more negative symptoms than men, gender appears less informative than cybersickness and video game experience. Field dependence was not associated with any other variable. Results are discussed by confronting two theories of cognition (representational vs. ecological), highlighting that virtual reality is not a simple transposition of reality but truly a new paradigm with its own biases favoring some individuals more than others, and that some human factors have to be controlled for rigorous uses of virtual environments, particularly for spatial cognition evaluation.
Published: 2020
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44. Advances and Promises of Epigenetics for Forest Trees

Author: Christian Messier, Mamadou Dia Sow, Philippe Nolet, Joana Amaral, Zoé Ribeyre, Stéphane Maury, Glória Pinto, Julien Vigneaud, Régis Fichot, Universidade de Aveiro, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université du Québec à Montréal = University of Québec in Montréal (UQAM), UIDP/50017/2020 +UIDB/50017/2020, SFRH/BD/120967/2016, Conseil Regional Centre Val de Loire, Canada Chair in forest resilience to global changes, MDPI,SWITZERLAND, and ANR-17-CE32-0009,EPITREE,Impacts évolutif et fonctionnel de variations épigénétiques chez des arbres forestiers.(2017)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Forest management, adaptation, 01 natural sciences, memory, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Epigenetics, priming, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, DNA methylation, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Forestry, lcsh:QK900-989, trees, 15. Life on land, Tree (data structure), Geography, climate change, breeding, epigenomics, lcsh:Plant ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The importance of tree genetic variability in the ability of forests to respond and adapt to environmental changes is crucial in forest management and conservation. Along with genetics, recent advances have highlighted "epigenetics" as an emerging and promising field of research for the understanding of tree phenotypic plasticity and adaptive responses. In this paper, we review recent advances in this emerging field and their potential applications for tree researchers and breeders, as well as for forest managers. First, we present the basics of epigenetics in plants before discussing its potential for trees. We then propose a bibliometric and overview of the literature on epigenetics in trees, including recent advances on tree priming. Lastly, we outline the promises of epigenetics for forest research and management, along with current gaps and future challenges. Research in epigenetics could use highly diverse paths to help forests adapt to global change by eliciting different innovative silvicultural approaches for natural- and artificial-based forest management.
Published: 2020
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45. Supportive effect of body contact care with ylang ylang aromatherapy and mobile intervention team for suicide prevention: A pilot study

Author: Marianne Pradem, Aurélia Mulet, Stéphane Amadéo, Michel Spodenkiewicz, Ngoc Lam Nguyen, Annie Tuheiava, Nathalie Colin-Fagotin, Paul Pere, Patrick Favro, Guy Beauchamp, Moerani Rereao, Virginie Gassion, Steve Vilhem, Louis Jehel, Michel De Simone, Alban Prokop, Aurelia Malogne, Fabienne Bernis, Pierre Thomas, Pierre Dufour, Géraldine Rioche, Monique Séguin, Guillaume Vaiva, Taivini Teai, Germaine Vanquin, Erick Gokalsing, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et d'Ingénierie Environnementale (LGCIE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Ecosystèmes Insulaires Océaniens (UMR 241) (EIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Institut Louis Malardé [Papeete] (ILM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF), Sociétés Traditionnelles et Contemporaines en Océanie (EA 4241) (EASTCO), docteur vétérinaire, Bordeaux, Centre d'Études Périnatales de l'Océan Indien (CEPOI), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), EPSM Réunion, Equipe OUTRE-MER (IPSOM) (U1178 Inserm), Santé mentale et santé publique (SMSP - U1178), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de recherche en épidémiologie et santé des populations (CESP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Rectorat de Guyane [Cayenne, Guyane Française], McGill Group for Suicide Studies [Montréal, Canada] (MGSS), Douglas Mental Health University Institute [Montréal], McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Lille Neurosciences & Cognition - U 1172 (LilNCog), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Hôpital Fontan, CHU Lille, Centre National de Ressources et de Résilience [Lille] (CN2R), and Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)
Subjects: Medicine (General), medicine.medical_specialty, Prospective Clinical Research Report, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, Pilot Projects, Suicide, Attempted, mobile intervention, Biochemistry, Suicide prevention, Polynesia, 03 medical and health sciences, R5-920, 0302 clinical medicine, prevention, Intervention (counseling), aromatherapy, medicine, ylang ylang, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Cananga, Psychiatry, Prospective cohort study, Depression (differential diagnoses), suicide, Modalities, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Cell Biology, General Medicine, anxiety, 030227 psychiatry, depression, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, business, Ylang-ylang, Aromatherapy
Abstract: Objectives To assess understudied, alternative suicide prevention modalities in a mental health care setting. Methods This was a prospective study of patients (n = 140, 68 cases and 72 controls) who were admitted to hospital or who contacted an SOS suicide crisis line for suicidal ideation or attempts. Psychiatric diagnoses (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and intensity of anxiety/depression/suicidality (Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, and Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation) were assessed. All intervention group subjects received a crisis card with a crisis line number, interviews with psychologists or volunteers and a telephone call on days 10 to 21, then 6 months later. These subjects also had a choice between two further 4-month interventions: body contact care or mobile intervention team visits. Results The interventions significantly reduced the number of suicide attempts and suicide (3%) at 6 months compared with the control condition (12%). There were fewer losses to follow-up in the intervention group (7.35%) than in the control group (9.72%). Conclusions The results favour the implementation of integrated care and maintaining contact in suicide prevention.
Published: 2020
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46. Want to Gather? No Need to Chatter!

Author: Andrzej Pelc, Sébastien Bouchard, Yoann Dieudonné, DistributEd aLgorithms and sYStems (DELYS), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, Information et Systèmes - UR UPJV 4290 (MIS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Supported in part by NSERC discovery grant 2018-03899 and by the Research Chair in Distributed Computing of the Université du Québec en Outaouais, and Université de Picardie Jules Verne
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, Leader election, Theoretical computer science, General Computer Science, Deterministic algorithm, Computer science, General Mathematics, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Upper and lower bounds, Task (project management), Gossip, Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Information exchange, 021103 operations research, Node (networking), Deterministic algorithms, Anonymous mobile agent, Gathering, Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], A priori and a posteriori, Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing (cs.DC)
Abstract: International audience; A team of mobile agents, starting from different nodes of an unknown network, possibly at different times, have to meet at the same node and declare that they have all met. Agents have different labels which are positive integers, and move in synchronous rounds along links of the network. The above task is known as gathering and was traditionally considered under the assumption that when some agents are at the same node then they can talk, i.e., exchange currently available information. In this paper we ask the question of whether this ability of talking is needed for gathering. The answer turns out to be no. Our main contribution are two deterministic algorithms that always accomplish gathering in a much weaker model. We only assume that at any time an agent knows how many agents are at the node that it currently occupies but agents do not see the labels of other co-located agents and cannot exchange any information with them. They also do not see other nodes than the current one. Our first algorithm works under the assumption that agents know a priori some upper bound N on the size of the network, and it works in time polynomial in N and in the length of the smallest label. Our second algorithm does not assume any a priori knowledge about the network but its complexity is exponential in the size of the network and in the labels of agents. Its purpose is to show feasibility of gathering under this harsher scenario. As a by-product of our techniques we obtain, in the same weak model, the solution of the fundamental problem of leader election among agents: One agent is elected a leader and all agents learn its identity. As an application of our result we also solve, in the same model, the well-known gossiping problem: if each agent has a message at the beginning, we show how to make all messages known to all agents, even without any a priori knowledge about the network. If agents know an upper bound N on the size of the network then our gossiping algorithm works in time polynomial in N , in the length of the smallest label and in the length of the largest message. This result about gossiping is perhaps our most surprising finding: agents devoid of any transmitting devices can solve the most general information exchange problem, as long as they can count the number of agents present at visited nodes.
Published: 2020
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47. Apprentissage par problématisation

Author: Barroca-Paccard, M, Chalak, Hanaà, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), Centre de recherche en éducation de Nantes (CREN), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)
Subjects: [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

48. Almost Universal Anonymous Rendezvous in the Plane

Author: Franck Petit, Andrzej Pelc, Yoann Dieudonné, Sébastien Bouchard, DistributEd aLgorithms and sYStems (DELYS), Inria de Paris, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation, Information et Systèmes - UR UPJV 4290 (MIS), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), This work was performed within Project ESTATE (Ref. ANR-16-CE25-0009-03), supported by French state funds managed by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Andrzej Pelc was partially supported by NSERC discovery grant 2018-03899and by the Research Chair in Distributed Computing at the Université du Québec en Outaouais., ANR-16-CE25-0009,ESTATE,Auto-stabilisation et amélioration de la sûreté dans les environnements distribués évoluant dans le temps(2016), This work was performed within Project ESTATE (Ref. ANR-16-CE25-0009-03), supported by French state funds managed by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Andrzej Pelc was partially supported by NSERC discovery grant 2018-03899 and by the Research Chair in Distributed Computing at the Université du Québec en Outaouais., and Université de Picardie Jules Verne
Subjects: FOS: Computer and information sciences, 021103 operations research, Theoretical computer science, Rendezvous, Deterministic algorithm, Computer science, Existential quantification, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Symmetry breaking, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Linear subspace, Anonymous agent, Set (abstract data type), Orientation (vector space), [INFO.INFO-MA]Computer Science [cs]/Multiagent Systems [cs.MA], 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Position (vector), Computer Science - Data Structures and Algorithms, Data Structures and Algorithms (cs.DS), Plane, Rendezvous problem
Abstract: International audience; Two mobile agents represented by points freely moving in the plane and starting at two different positions, have to meet. The meeting, called rendezvous, occurs when agents are at distance at most r of each other and never move after this time, where r is a positive real unknown to them, called the visibility radius. Agents are anonymous and execute the same deterministic algorithm. Each agent has a set of private attributes, some or all of which can differ between agents. These attributes are: the initial position of the agent, its system of coordinates (orientation and chirality), the rate of its clock, its speed when it moves, and the time of its wake-up. If all attributes (except the initial positions) are identical and agents start at distance larger than r then they can never meet, as the distance between them can never change. However, differences between attributes make it sometimes possible to break the symmetry and accomplish rendezvous. Such instances of the rendezvous problem (formalized as lists of attributes), are called feasible.Our contribution is three-fold. We first give an exact characterization of feasible instances. Thus it is natural to ask whether there exists a single algorithm that guarantees rendezvous for all these instances. We give a strong negative answer to this question: we show two sets S1 and S2 of feasible instances such that none of them admits a single rendezvous algorithm valid for all instances of the set. On the other hand, we construct a single algorithm that guarantees rendezvous for all feasible instances outside of sets S1 and S2. We observe that these exception sets S1 and S2 are geometrically very small, compared to the set of all feasible instances: they are included in low-dimension subspaces of the latter. Thus, our rendezvous algorithm handling all feasible instances other than these small sets of exceptions can be justly called almost universal.
Published: 2020
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49. Complex polysemy and reflexivity in organizational research

Author: Harbour, Michelle, Gauthier, Jacques-Bernard, Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and Université du Québec en Outaouais
Subjects: polysemy, reflexivity, [SHS.GESTION]Humanities and Social Sciences/Business administration, theorization, Research methods, creativity
Abstract: Although it raises some interest in the field of social sciences, polysemy is often overlooked in organizational science, where research relies on positivist traditions. These traditions continue to influence researchers, regardless of their epistemological or methodological approaches; this in turn has an impact on the way they address polysemic terms. Our objective is to propose an integrative reflexive approach structured around eight topics of reflexion in order to explore how, in an organizational research project, both participants and researchers understand and use complex polysemic terms. By doing so, we bring four major contributions: it first highlights the central position polysemy could occupy in organizational science; secondly, polysemy could bridge and enhance the debate between positivist and interpretivist organizational researchers; thirdly, reflexivity for polysemy has the potential to improve the theorization; and finally, the mutual influence between polysemy and reflexivity could stimulate creativity.
Published: 2020

50. Transformation pédagogique au sein d’une université : Comment l’accompagnement d’enseignants peut-il contribuer à développer un sentiment de sécurisation nécessaire à une remise en question des pratiques existantes ?

Author: Maëlle Crosse, Didier Paquelin, Médiation, Information, Communication, Art (MICA), Université Bordeaux Montaigne, Centre de recherche et d'intervention sur la réussite scolaire (CRIRES), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada]-Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR)-Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC)-Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR)-Université du Québec en Outaouais (UQO), and Crosse, Maëlle
Subjects: [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.INFO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences
Abstract: L’enseignement supérieur français, longtemps ancré dans une permanence structurelle et organisationnelle, est aujourd’hui en prise avec des demandes d’évolution avec notamment une massification des effectifs et une révision des modalités pédagogiques qui conduisent à passer d’une approche magistro-centrée à une approche pédago-centrée. Une transformation du système d’enseignement supérieur s’avère né cessaire pour répondre à ces évolutions. Dans ce contexte, les valeurs, l’identité et les pratiques professionnelles se trouvent ainsi questionnées dans leurs rapports aux évolutions attendues. La recherche en cours porte sur l’accompagnement d’équipes d’enseignants à la transformation de leurs pratiques pédagogiques, entant qu’acteurs premiers du changement attendu, dans une université qui a bâti sa stratégie sur un nouveau modèle structurel visant la réussite des étudiants dans leurs études et l’accès à l’emploi. Dans ce contexte de transformation pédagogique souhaitée, comment l’environnementpar les ressources et les conditions qu’il proposecontribue-t-il au développement d’une dynamique transformatrice propice à une évolution de la posture enseignante? Comment l’accompagnement participe-t-il à l’instauration de conditions favorables à cette évolution pour une édification de nouvelles normes et règlesdans l’institution? Le cadrage théorique construit à partir de certaines théories de l’innovation (Schumpeter, 1963; Alter, 2010), met lefocus sur l’accompagnement d’enseignants à la transformation de leurs pratiques pédagogiques. Cet accompagnement vise notamment à développer un sentiment de sécurisation nécessaire pour aider les enseignants à gérer l’incertitude inhérente au processus de transformation (Collerette etal., 2002; Bareil, 2004). Cette sécurisation suppose de créer un climat de confiancepropice à l’engagement des enseignantsmais aussi de les amener à être capable de transformer les potentiels de leur environnement en possibilités d’action. Conduirelesacteursàréviser les règles d’action et les normes actuelles et à en élaborer de nouvellesimpliqueleur engagement dans une dynamiqueréflexive fondée sur le concept d’apprentissage organisationnel en double boucle(Argyris et Schön, 1989). Nous traiteronsl’hypothèse selon laquelle la mise en place d’unenvironnement capacitant(Villemain et Lémonie, 2014)et deconditions d’un accompagnementsécurisant et bienveillant (Le Bouëdec, 2001; Rogers, 2005; Paul, 2009) favorisentcet apprentissage en doubleboucle. Dans cette perspective, l’analyse de la communication de documents formalisant le projet d’établissement et de supports de communication institutionnelsfait apparaître des éléments qui peuventsusciter chez les enseignants des zones d’inconfortsusceptibles de les insécuriser.Cette analyse documentaireportant principalement sur les ambiguïtés et les non-dits des discours, a été complétée par l’analyse de séances d’accompagnement enregistréespoursaisir plus précisément ces zones d’inconfortet leur conséquence sur la non édification d’un environnement capacitant. L’analyse des documentsinstitutionnelsfait apparaître un discours normatif ancré dans le mouvement mondial de l’excellence qui promeut la capacité au détriment de la capabilité(Sen, 2000), sans que l’enseignant soit véritablement pris en comptedans la transformation espérée.Une telle approche ne semble pas propice au développement d’une confiance organisationnelle (Ely, 2015) et au développement d’un environnement capacitant, et apparaît ainsi peu favorable à une évolution des postures enseignantes. Reprenant la distinction d’Acker-Kessler (2015) entre posture délarée de l’enseignant et posture incarnée, il s’agit de questionner l’écart possible entre une posture organisationnelle déclaréeetune posture organisationnelle incarnée, potentiellementsource d’inconfort pour les enseignants. Dans cette perspective, comment, à travers l’accompagnement de ces acteurs, développer un sentiment de sécurisation propice à un processus de distanciation nécessaire à une évolution des postures, afin de faire de ces zones d’inconfort des zones de «délicieuse incertitude» (Brunelle & al., 1988)?Bibliographie:ACKER-KESSLER, P.(2015).Posture professionnelle enseignante et développement de l’autonomie, thèse soutenue en sciences de l’éducation àl’universitéde Strasbourg.Alter, N.(2010).L’innovation ordinaire. Paris, France: PressesUniversitaires de France. Bareil, C.(2004). Gérer le volet humain du changement. Montréal, Canada: Les éditionsTranscontinental.Argyris, C., & Schön, D.(2002).Apprentissage organisationnel: Théorie, méthode, pratique. Bruxelles, Belgique: De Boeck Université. Brunelle, J., Drouin, D., Godbout, P.& Tousignant, M.(1988).La supervision de l’intervention en activité physique. Montréal, Canada: G. Morin.Collerette, P., Delisle, G. &Perron, R. (2002). Le changement organisationnel. Théorie et pratique. Québec, Canada : Les presses de l'Universitédu Québec.Ely, F. (2015). Utopie de la communication interne : vers une « maïeutique managériale de la confiance » dans l’organisation vertueuse. Communication et organisation, (47), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.4000/communicationorganisation.4958Le Bouëdec, G., Du Crest, A.& Pasquier, L.(2001).L’accompagnement en éducation et formation : un projet impossible ?Paris, France: Défi-Formation, L’harmattan.Paquelin, D. (2009). L’appropriation des dispositifs numériques de formation: du prescrit aux usages. Paris, France : L’Harmattan.Paul, M. (2009). Accompagnement. Recherche et formation, (62), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.4000/rechercheformation.43Rogers, C.(2005).Le développement de la personne. Paris, France: Dunod-InterEditions. Schumpeter, J.(1963).Capitalisme, socialisme et démocratie. Paris, France: Payot.Sen, A.(2000).Repenser l’inégalité. Paris, France:Ed. du Seuil. Villemain, A., & Lémonie, Y. (2014). Environnement capacitant et engagement des opérateurs : une mise en débat à partir de l’activité des techniciens de la base polaire Dumont D’Urville. Activites, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.4000/activites.1063.
Published: 2020

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