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1. Twenty-five thousand years of fluctuating selection on leopard complex spotting and congenital night blindness in horses

Author

Gloria G. Fortes, Monika Reissmann, Rebecca R. Bellone, Norbert Benecke, Arturo Morales-Muñiz, Arne Ludwig, Edson Sandoval-Castellanos, Michael Hofreiter, Michael Cieslak, Mélanie Pruvost, Department of Evolutianory Genetics, Max-Planck-Institut-Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Berlin (IZW), Department for Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Natural Sciences, German Archaeological Institute (DAI), Department of Population Health and Reproduction and the Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, SwedishMuseumof Natural History, Department of Biology, University of York [York, UK], UKInstituto Universitario de Xeología (IUX), Universitario de Xeología, Laboratory of Archaeozoology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), UKAdaptive and Evolutionary Genomics, University of Potsdam-Faculty of mathematics and natural sciences-Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Institut Jacques Monod (IJM (UMR_7592)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Research Foundation (grant no. DFG LU 852/7-4), Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, and The German Archaeological Institute

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Populatio, History, Eye Diseases, DNA Mutational Analysis, population, 01 natural sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Gene Frequency, Night Blindness, Myopia, History, Ancient, Genetics, Congenital stationary night blindness, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Fossils, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Part III: Animal and Crop Domestication, Leopard, Eye Diseases, Hereditary, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked, Single Nucleotide, Biological Sciences, Europe, Hereditary, Genetic Diseases, Gene pool, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Medieval, Population, Molecular Sequence Data, Zoology, TRPM Cation Channels, 010603 evolutionary biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Ancient, 03 medical and health sciences, domestication, Genetic, biology.animal, Animals, Horses, Allele, Selection, Genetic, Polymorphism, Ancient DNA, Coat colour, Domestication, Equus, Palaeogenetics, Base Sequence, Bayes Theorem, DNA, DNA Primers, Hair Color, History, Medieval, Horse Diseases, Genetic Variation, education, Allele frequency, Selection, ancient DNA, Institut für Biochemie und Biologie, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, Ambientale, X-Linked, biology.organism_classification, palaeogenetics, coat colour
Abstract

Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus,LP, which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in theTRPM1gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence ofLPspotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in theLPassociated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli–Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700–2200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However,LPseems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age,LPreappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times.

Published
2015
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2. Twenty-five thousand years of fluctuating selection on leopard complex spotting and congenital night blindness in horses.

Author

Ludwig A, Reissmann M, Benecke N, Bellone R, Sandoval-Castellanos E, Cieslak M, Fortes GG, Morales-Muñiz A, Hofreiter M, and Pruvost M

Subjects
Animals, Base Sequence, Bayes Theorem, DNA genetics, DNA history, DNA Mutational Analysis veterinary, DNA Primers genetics, Europe, Eye Diseases, Hereditary genetics, Fossils, Gene Frequency, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked genetics, History, Ancient, History, Medieval, Horses, Molecular Sequence Data, Myopia genetics, Night Blindness genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Eye Diseases, Hereditary veterinary, Genetic Diseases, X-Linked veterinary, Genetic Variation, Hair Color genetics, Horse Diseases genetics, Horse Diseases history, Myopia veterinary, Night Blindness veterinary, Selection, Genetic, TRPM Cation Channels genetics
Abstract

Leopard complex spotting is inherited by the incompletely dominant locus, LP, which also causes congenital stationary night blindness in homozygous horses. We investigated an associated single nucleotide polymorphism in the TRPM1 gene in 96 archaeological bones from 31 localities from Late Pleistocene (approx. 17 000 YBP) to medieval times. The first genetic evidence of LP spotting in Europe dates back to the Pleistocene. We tested for temporal changes in the LP associated allele frequency and estimated coefficients of selection by means of approximate Bayesian computation analyses. Our results show that at least some of the observed frequency changes are congruent with shifts in artificial selection pressure for the leopard complex spotting phenotype. In early domestic horses from Kirklareli-Kanligecit (Turkey) dating to 2700-2200 BC, a remarkably high number of leopard spotted horses (six of 10 individuals) was detected including one adult homozygote. However, LP seems to have largely disappeared during the late Bronze Age, suggesting selection against this phenotype in early domestic horses. During the Iron Age, LP reappeared, probably by reintroduction into the domestic gene pool from wild animals. This picture of alternating selective regimes might explain how genetic diversity was maintained in domestic animals despite selection for specific traits at different times., (© 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.)

Published
2015
Full Text
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