Search

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2010.04.011 Byline: M.N.M. Kahar (a)(b), G. Kendall (a) Keywords: Optimisation; Timetabling; Heuristic; Scheduling Abstract: This paper presents a real-world, capacitated examination timetabling problem from Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Malaysia. The problem has constraints which have not been modelled before, these being the distance between examination rooms and splitting exams across several rooms. These constraints provide additional challenges in defining a suitable model and in developing a constructive heuristic. One of the contributions of this paper is to formally define this real-world problem. A further contribution is the constructive heuristic that is able to produce good quality solutions for the problem, which are superior to the solutions that are produced using the university's current software. Moreover, our method adheres to all hard constraints which the current systems fails to do. Author Affiliation: (a) Automated Scheduling, Optimisation and Planning (ASAP) Group, School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, Nottingham, NG8 1BB, UK (b) Faculty of Computer Systems & Software Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Locked Bag 12, Kuantan 25000, Pahang, Malaysia Article History: Received 15 July 2009; Accepted 8 April 2010

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2010.01498.x Byline: PATRICK A. FLIGHT (*) Keywords: effective population size; extinction; life-history evolution; phylogenetic regression; protein heterozygosity Abstract: Abstract: The fitness of species with little genetic diversity is expected to be affected by inbreeding and an inability to respond to environmental change. Conservation theory suggests that endangered species will generally demonstrate lower genetic diversity than taxa that are not threatened. This hypothesis has been challenged because the time frame of anthropogenic extinction may be too fast to expect genetic factors to significantly contribute. I conducted a meta-analysis to examine how genetic diversity in 894 tetrapods correlates with extinction threat level. Because species are not evolutionarily independent, I used a phylogenetic regression framework to address this issue. Mean genetic diversity of tetrapods, as assessed by protein heterozygosity, was 29.7-31.5% lower on average in threatened species than in their nonthreatened relatives, a highly significant reduction. Within amphibians as diversity decreased extinction risk increased in phylogenetic models, but not in nonphylogenetic regressions. The effects of threatened status on diversity also remained significant after accounting for body size in mammals. These results support the hypothesis that genetic effects on population fitness are important in the extinction process. Abstract (Spanish): Metodos Filogeneticos Comparativos Fortalecen la Evidencia de la Reduccion de Diversidad Genetica entre Tetrapodos en Peligro Resumen: Se espera que la adaptabilidad de una especie con poca diversidad genetica sea afectada por la endogamia y una incapacidad para responder a cambios ambientales. La teoria de la conservacion sugiere que las especies en peligro generalmente muestran menor diversidad genetica que taxa que no estan amenazados. Esta hipotesis ha sido cuestionada porque el periodo de tiempo de la extincion antropogenica puede ser muy rapido para esperar que los factores geneticos contribuyan significativamente. Realice un meta-analisis para examinar como se correlaciona la diversidad genetica de 894 tetrapodos con el nivel de amenaza de extincion. Debido a que las especies no son independientes evolutivamente, utilice un marco de regresion filogenetica para abordar este tema. La media de la diversidad genetica de tetrapodos, medida como la heterocigosidad de proteinas, fue 29.7-31.5% menor en las especies amenazadas que en sus parientes no amenazados, una reduccion altamente significativa. En anfibios, a medida que disminuia la diversidad el riesgo de extincion incrementaba en los modelos filogeneticos, pero no en las regresiones no filogeneticas. El efecto del estatus de amenaza sobre la biodiversidad tambien permanecio significativo despues de considerar el tamano corporal de mamiferos. Estos resultados dan soporte a la hipotesis de que los efectos geneticos sobre la adaptabilidad de la poblacion son importantes en el proceso de extincion. Author Affiliation: (*)Brown University, 80 Waterman Street Box G-W, Providence, RI 02912, U.S.A., emailpatrick_flight@brown.edu Article History: Paper submitted September 4, 2009; revised manuscript accepted December 15, 2009.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.02.020 Byline: Sven Adler (a), Thomas Hubener (a), Mirko DreAler (a), Andre F. Lotter (b), N. John Anderson (c) Abstract: Relative species abundances are the most frequently applied data type used for modern or paleolimnological diatom studies. In contrast, plant ecologists save time by commonly using ordinal scale data (class data), where the abundance of a species is estimated using dominance classes, instead of relative abundance data. This study compares the performance of models based on ordinal diatom species class data (class 1: sporadic (60%)) with similar model types based on relative abundance data for different regional training sets and sediment cores. First, relative diatom abundances were converted into ordinal classes. Species response to total phosphorous (TP) was modelled using both types of data - relative abundance and ordinal class data. Secondly, TP was reconstructed for six sediment cores from North-East Germany, Switzerland, and Denmark using WA and WA-PLS based on both types of data. Thirdly, 20 lake sediment surface samples with known relative diatom abundances and known water TP concentrations were recounted using an ordinal data scale to create an independent test set. No significant differences were found between relative abundance and class data for (1) explained species variance, (2) reconstructed TP values, and (3) inferred TP values of the 20 recounted samples. This approach demonstrates that past TP concentrations may also be reliably reconstructed using class data instead of relative diatom abundances. Thus, by using class data lake managers may not only obtain more long-term records past water quality, but this approach is also quicker and therefore more cost effective. Moreover, the findings of this study may also advance the use of automatic diatom identification with digital image recognition, as we demonstrate that not every damaged diatom valve needs to be identified. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Biodiversity, University of Rostock, Wismarsche Str. 8, 18057 Rostock, Germany (b) Institute of Environmental Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Budapestlaan 4, NL-3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands (c) Department of Geography, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK Article History: Received 10 May 2008; Revised 5 February 2010; Accepted 15 February 2010

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01632.x Byline: Iain Stott (1), Miguel Franco (2), David Carslake (3), Stuart Townley (4), Dave Hodgson (1) Keywords: amplification; attenuation; demography; life history; phylogeny; population dynamics; projection matrix; transients Abstract: Summary 1. Population dynamics often defy predictions based on empirical models, and explanations for noisy dynamics have ranged from deterministic chaos to environmental stochasticity. Transient (short-term) dynamics following disturbance or perturbation have recently gained empirical attention from researchers as further possible effectors of complicated dynamics. 2. Previously published methods of transient analysis have tended to require knowledge of initial population structure. However, this has been overcome by the recent development of the parametric Kreiss bound (which describes how large a population must become before reaching its maximum possible transient amplification following a disturbance) and the extension of this and other transient indices to simultaneously describe both amplified and attenuated transient dynamics. 3. We apply the Kreiss bound and other transient indices to a data base of matrix models from 108 plant species, in an attempt to detect ecological and mathematical patterns in the transient dynamical properties of plant populations. 4. We describe how life history influences the transient dynamics of plant populations: species at opposite ends of the scale of ecological succession have the highest potential for transient amplification and attenuation, whereas species with intermediate life history complexity have the lowest potential. 5. We find ecological relationships between transients and asymptotic dynamics: faster-growing populations tend to have greater potential magnitudes of transient amplification and attenuation, which could suggest that short- and long-term dynamics are similarly influenced by demographic parameters or vital rates. 6. We describe a strong dependence of transient amplification and attenuation on matrix dimension: perhaps signifying a potentially worrying artefact of basic model parameterization. 7.Synthesis. Transient indices describe how big or how small plant populations can get, en route to long-term stable rates of increase or decline. The patterns we found in the potential for transient dynamics, across many species of plants, suggest a combination of ecological and modelling strategy influences. This better understanding of transients should guide the formulation of management and conservation strategies for all plant populations that suffer disturbances away from stable equilibria. Author Affiliation: (1)Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus, Tremough, Treliever Road, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK (2)School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK (3)Department of Biological Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbett Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK (4)School of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, Harrison Building, University of Exeter, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK Article History: Received 19 August 2009; accepted 3 December 2009 Handling Editor: Roberto Salguero-Gomez Article note: (*) Correspondence author. E-mail: d.j.hodgson@ex.ac.uk

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.10.001 Byline: Peggy McDonough (a), Diana Worts (b), Amanda Sacker (c) Abstract: Drawing on theory and research on the fundamental causes of health, the life course, and the welfare state, we investigate social inequalities in dynamic self-rated health for working-aged Britons and Americans. We use data from the British Household Panel Survey and Panel Study of Income Dynamics (1990-2004) and a mixture latent Markov model to test a theoretical model of health as a discrete state that may remain stable or change over time. Our contributions are threefold. First, our finding of three distinctive types of health processes (stable good health, stable poor health, and a 'mover' health trajectory) represents a more differentiated profile of long-term health than previously shown. Second, we characterize health trajectories in structural terms by suggesting who was more likely to experience what type of health trajectory. Third, our more differentiated picture of dynamic health leads to a more nuanced understanding of comparative health: Although the health advantage of Britons was confirmed, our results also indicate that they were more likely to experience health change. Moreover, the socioeconomic gradient in long-term health was steeper in the US, raising provocative questions about how state policies and practices may affect population health. Author Affiliation: (a) Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 3M7, Canada (b) Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (c) Institute for Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom Article Note: (footnote) [star] This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research grant PPR-79227 and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada grant 410070913. Amanda Sacker was supported in part by an ESRC International Centre for Life Course Studies in Society and Health grant RES-596-28-0001 and an ESRC Research Centre on Micro-Social Change grant RES-518-28-5001.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.04.007 Byline: Katsuya Takii (a), Ryuichi Tanaka (b) Keywords: Span of control; Complementarities; Human capital; Ability tracking Abstract: This paper examines how different education systems affect GDP by influencing the diversity of human capital. We construct an overlapping generation model in which agents are heterogeneous in income and innate ability, and the final goods are produced with differentiated intermediate goods. It is shown that under a realistic condition, the diversity of human capital induced by income inequality always lowers the GDP of the next period, while the diversity of human capital induced by heterogeneous ability can increase GDP, if the produced intermediate goods are sufficiently substitutable and firms have a large span of control. Hence, as public education equalizes education resources across households, it mitigates the negative effect of income inequality on GDP, while the effects of ability tracking crucially depend on the production structure of the economy. Author Affiliation: (a) Osaka School of International Public Policy, Osaka University, 1-31, Machikameyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan (b) Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan Article History: Received 4 August 2007; Revised 28 November 2008; Accepted 27 April 2009

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2008.12.002 Byline: Fengchao Liu, Yutao Sun Keywords: China and the U.S.; Innovation; Spatial distribution; Rank -frequency; Concentration Abstract: In order to enhance the independent innovation capability and help China to become an 'innovation-oriented country' this article compares the spatial distribution of innovative activities between China (representing a typical developing country) and the United States. We also provide some recommendations for China and other developing countries to optimize the spatial distribution of their innovative activities. Using invention patents as an indicator gathered from the websites of the CSIPO and the USPTO, this paper compares the spatial distribution of innovative activity in China and the U.S. by methods such as rank-frequency, concentration and classification. The results show that the invention patents have experienced rapid growth and significant fluctuation in recent years in China, while the United States has been relatively stable. The spatial diversity of patent distribution in China is more obvious than in the United States. There is a concentrated trend of innovative activities in both China and the United States from the inland areas to the coastal regions. Author Affiliation: Innovation and Development Research Center, School of Management, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China Article History: Received 11 September 2008; Revised 10 December 2008; Accepted 15 December 2008 Article Note: (footnote) [star] This paper is a part of the project (70773014) funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the program named 'High-level Government-sponsored Overseas Study for Postgraduates' funded by the China Scholarship Council.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.002 Byline: Suzanne Maman (a), Laurie Abler (b), Lisa Parker (b), Tim Lane (c), Admire Chirowodza (d), Jacob Ntogwisangu (e), Namtip Srirak (f), Precious Modiba (g), Oliver Murima (h), Katherine Fritz (i) Abstract: What accounts for differences in HIV stigma across different high prevalence settings? This study was designed to examine HIV stigma and discrimination in five high prevalence settings. Qualitative data were collected as part of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Project Accept, a multi-site community randomized trial of community-based HIV voluntary counseling and testing. In-depth interviews were conducted with 655 participants in five sites, four in Sub-Saharan Africa and one in Southeast Asia. Interviews were conducted in the local languages by trained research staff. Data were audiotaped, transcribed, translated, coded and computerized for thematic data analysis. Participants described the stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors perpetuated against people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The factors that contribute to HIV stigma and discrimination include fear of transmission, fear of suffering and death, and the burden of caring for PLWHA. The family, access to antiretrovirals and other resources, and self-protective behaviors of PLWHA protected against HIV stigma and discrimination. Variation in the availability of health and socioeconomic resources designed to mitigate the impact of HIV/AIDS helps explain differences in HIV stigma and discrimination across the settings. Increasing access to treatment and care resources may function to lower HIV stigma, however, providing services is not enough. We need effective strategies to reduce HIV stigma as treatment and care resources are scaled up in the settings that are most heavily impacted by the HIV epidemic. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 7440, Rosenau 331C, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA (b) The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA (c) Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA (d) Health Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (e) Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (f) Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (g) Perinatal HIV Research Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa (h) University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe (i) International Center for Research on Women, Washington DC, USA

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.04.005 Byline: Becky L. Genberg (b), Zdenek Hlavka (c), Kelika A. Konda (b), Suzanne Maman (d), Suwat Chariyalertsak (e), Alfred Chingono (f), Jessie Mbwambo (g), Precious Modiba (h), Heidi Van Rooyen (i), David D. Celentano (a) Abstract: HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination have a substantial impact on people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine the associations of two constructs of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination (negative attitudes towards PLHA and perceived acts of discrimination towards PLHA) with previous history of HIV testing, knowledge of antiretroviral therapies (ARVs) and communication regarding HIV/AIDS and (2) to compare these two constructs across the five research sites with respect to differing levels of HIV prevalence and ARV coverage, using data presented from the baseline survey of U.S. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Project Accept, a four-country HIV prevention trial in Sub-Saharan Africa (Tanzania, Zimbabwe and South Africa) and northern Thailand. A household probability sample of 14,203 participants completed a survey including a scale measuring HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. Logistic regression models determined the associations between negative attitudes and perceived discrimination with individual history of HIV testing, knowledge of ARVs and communication regarding HIV/AIDS. Spearman's correlation coefficients determined the relationships between negative attitudes and perceived discrimination and HIV prevalence and ARV coverage at the site-level. Negative attitudes were related to never having tested for HIV, lacking knowledge of ARVs, and never having discussed HIV/AIDS. More negative attitudes were found in sites with the lowest HIV prevalence (i.e., Tanzania and Thailand) and more perceived discrimination against PLHA was found in sites with the lowest ARV coverage (i.e., Tanzania and Zimbabwe). Programs that promote widespread HIV testing and discussion of HIV/AIDS, as well as education regarding and universal access to ARVs, may reduce HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination. Author Affiliation: (a) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD USA (b) Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic (c) The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA (d) Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand (e) University of Zimbabwe School of Medicine, Harare, Zimbabwe (f) Muhimbili University, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania (g) University of the Witwatersrand/Chris Hani Baragwanath Hospital, Soweto, South Africa (h) Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa (i) Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Rm. E6547, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA Article Note: (footnote) [star] We thank the communities that partnered with us in conducting this research, and all study participants for their contributions. We also thank the Project Accept (HIV Prevention Trials Network, protocol 043) Steering Committee (Tom Coates, Deborah Donnell, Glenda Gray, Michal Kulich, Steve Morin, Linda Richter, and Michael Sweat), project directors (Kathryn Curran, Surinda Kawichai, Alfred Timbe), study staff and volunteers at all participating institutions for their work and dedication.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2009.01.003 Byline: Stefan James (a), Axel Akerblom (a), Christopher P. Cannon (b), HA[yen]kan Emanuelsson (c), Steen Husted (d), Hugo Katus (e), Allan Skene (f), Philippe Gabriel Steg (g), Robert F. Storey (h), Robert Harrington (i), Richard Becker (i), Lars Wallentin (a) Abstract: Antiplatelet therapy is essential treatment for acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Current therapies, however, have important limitations affecting their clinical success. Ticagrelor, the first reversible oral P2Y.sub.12 receptor antagonist, provides faster, greater, and more consistent adenosine diphosphate-receptor inhibition than clopidogrel. The phase III PLATelet inhibition and patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial is designed to test the hypothesis that ticagrelor compared with clopidogrel will result in a lower risk of recurrent thrombotic events in a broad patient population with ACS. Author Affiliation: (a) Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala, Sweden (b) TIMI Study Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (c) AstraZeneca R&D, Molndal, Sweden (d) Department of Cardiology, Arhus University Hospital, Arhus, Denmark (e) Medizinische Klinik, Universitatsklinikum Heidelberg, Germany (f) Nottingham Clinical Research Limited, Nottingham, United Kingdom (g) INSERM U-698, AP-HP and Universite Paris, Paris, France (h) Cardiovascular Research Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom (i) Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC Article History: Received 22 September 2008; Accepted 13 January 2009 Article Note: (footnote) Randomized Clinical Trial #: NCT00391872., Dr. Raymond J. Gibbons served as guest editor for this manuscript.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.05.004 Byline: Marcus Berliant (a)(b), Tarun Sabarwal (c) Keywords: Large urban economies; Comparative statics; Continuous and discrete agent models Abstract: This paper presents a difference in the comparative statics of general equilibrium models with land when there are finitely many agents, and when there is a continuum of agents. Restricting attention to quasi-linear and Cobb-Douglas utility, it is shown that with finitely many agents, an increase in the (marginal) commuting cost increases land rent per unit (that is, land rent averaged over the consumer's equilibrium parcel) paid by the consumer located at each fixed distance from the central business district. In contrast, with a continuum of agents, average land rent goes up for consumers at each fixed distance close to the central business district, is constant at some intermediate distance, and decreases for locations farther away. Therefore, there is a qualitative difference between the two types of models, and this difference is potentially testable. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Economics, Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1208, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA (b) Department of Economics and Finance, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (c) Department of Economics, The University of Kansas, USA Article Note: (footnote) [star] The first author is very grateful to the Department of Economics and Finance at City University of Hong Kong for funding. We are indebted to Masahisa Fujita for stimulating arguments. The authors thank Richard Arnott, Matthias Wrede, Yves Zenou, and three anonymous referees for helpful comments, but retain responsibility for the views expressed herein as well as any errors.

Comparability of copy and recall performance on the four figures of the Medical College of Georgia Complex Figures and the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure were examined using an incidental learning paradigm with 60 men and 60 women, healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 24 years (M = 21.5 yr., SD = 1.5) at a Japanese university. A between-subjects design was used in which each group of participants (n = 24) responded to five figures. The interrater reliability of each Georgia figure was excellent. While the five figures yielded equivalent copy scores, the Rey-Osterrieth figure had significantly lower scores than the Georgia figures at recall after 3 min. There were no significant differences between the four Georgia figures. These results are consistent with the findings of the original studies in the USA.

This article is intended to stimulate discussion about the type of geography curriculum appropriate to young people growing up in Britain in the twenty-first century. It starts from the position that there is a gap between the type of geography taught in schools and that taught in universities. This gap is a spur to reflection as to what should be taught in schools. The article provides an historical analysis of curriculum change in geography, and seeks to place these changes in their wider economic and social contexts.

Assessment shows that international publication performance for university economic departments in Turkey is rather poor, but publication performance for Turkish economists is similar to that of other economists worldwide.

Byline: Tight Malcolm (1) Keywords: academic units; disciplines; diversity; fields of study; knowledge forms; university organisation Abstract: How is academic knowledge organized? Does thisvary from country to country, and, if so, how?This paper explores these questions through anexamination of some of the data included in theCommonwealth Universities Yearbook 2001.In particular, an analysis is presented of thedifferent names given to basic academic units(departments, schools and/or faculties) inAustralia, Nigeria and the United Kingdom.Evidence is provided regarding forms ofinstitutional organization, and of the varyingstrength of different disciplines or fields ofstudy. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Continuing Education, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL Article History: Registration Date: 11/10/2004

A comparative study of the radio-television or broadcast curricula of colleges and universities in the United States, Britain and Korea was carried out to understand the structure of the curricula and the similarities and differences between the same. The study traces the history and status of broadcast education in the three nations and provides recommendations on the core courses that should be a part of all broadcast majors in these countries.

Byline: Robert P. Morgan (1), Carlos Kruytbosch (2), Nirmala Kannankutty (3) Abstract: Analyses have been performed of the patenting and invention activity of U.S. scientists and engineers (S&amp Es) in the academic sector and comparisons have been made with their counterparts in industry. The analyses are based upon survey questions concerning patent applications, grant awards and commercialization outcomes from two 1995 National Science Foundation (NSF) nationally representative workforce surveys. A series of new indicators -- patent activity rates, patent activity shares and patent success rates -- has been defined and utilized to examine patent activity by employment sector, educational field, demographic variables, status and location of university faculty, technological area, and selected S&amp E job characteristics. It is recommended that NSF collect data on patenting activity, including commercialization outcomes, in its surveys of the S&amp E workforce at least every four years. Data should also be collected on university-industry collaboration in patent activity in the U.S., and between S&amp Es in the U.S. and other countries. Author Affiliation: (1) Washington University in St. Louis, 1025 N. George Mason Drive, Arlington, VA, 22205 (2) 1608 Wrightson Drive, McLean, VA, 22101 (3) Science Resources Studies, National Science Foundation, Suite 965, 4201 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA, 22230 Article History: Registration Date: 08/10/2004

This article compares publishing performance in economics with that is other departments. The primary thesis of this study is that the frequency of article publication is not uniform across principles. This article should help faculty members make more informed judgements when they are called upon to serve as peer reviewers outside their own disciplines., INTRODUCTION Faculty performance has long been gauged in academics by the frequency and quality of published journal articles. Annual merit reviews, promotion to higher ranks, and the granting of tenure [...]

Byline: Mimi Wolverton (1), Walter H. Gmelch (1), Marvin L. Wolverton (1), James C. Sarros (1) Abstract: Virtually every managerial book written lists and expounds upon the tasks, duties, roles and responsibilities of administrators. This paper reports a portion of the findings of the third phase of a study of Australian and U.S. academic department chairs in colleges and universities. In it, we seek to clarify how chairs in the two countries define the tasks that exemplify their role as chair. The driving question behind this inquiry is: Do academic department chairs, independent of country, define their tasks in the same way? And, if so, how might universities in both countries benefit from this knowledge? Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Educational Leadership &amp Counseling Psychology, Washington State University, Box 642136, Pullman, WA, 99164-2136, USA. E-Mail Article History: Registration Date: 29/09/2004