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1. Non-invasive Brain Stimulation and Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: New Techniques and Future Directions

Author: Charles Fernyhough, Amanda Ellison, Peter Moseley, Renaud Jardri, Ben Alderson-Day, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Durham University, Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives (SCALab) - UMR 9193 (SCALab), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] [UCLAN], Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 [SCALab], and Laboratoire Sciences Cognitives et Sciences Affectives - UMR 9193 (SCALab)
Subjects: Neuronavigation, Hallucinations, medicine.medical_treatment, Temporoparietal junction, Review, Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), lcsh:RC321-571, state dependency, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), Random noise, medicine, Neurostimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), Psychiatry, neuronavigation, General Neuroscience, [SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience, Non invasive, Treatment options, Cognition, Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), C800, 030227 psychiatry, State dependency, medicine.anatomical_structure, Brain stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], hallucinations, Psychology, Neuroscience, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, neurostimulation
Abstract: Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are the experience of hearing a voice in the absence of any speaker. Results from recent attempts to treat AVHs with neurostimulation (rTMS or tDCS) to the left temporoparietal junction have not been conclusive, but suggest that it may be a promising treatment option for some individuals. Some evidence suggests that the therapeutic effect of neurostimulation on AVHs may result from modulation of cortical areas involved in the ability to monitor the source of self-generated information. Here, we provide a brief overview of cognitive models and neurostimulation paradigms associated with treatment of AVHs, and discuss techniques that could be explored in the future to improve the efficacy of treatment, including alternating current and random noise stimulation. Technical issues surrounding the use of neurostimulation as a treatment option are discussed (including methods to localize the targeted cortical area, and the state-dependent effects of brain stimulation), as are issues surrounding the acceptability of neurostimulation for adolescent populations and individuals who experience qualitatively different types of AVH. 9
Published: 2016

2. Charge transfer dissociation of complex oligosaccharides: Comparison with collision-induced dissociation and extreme ultraviolet dissociative photoionization

Author: Hélène Rogniaux, Alexandre Giuliani, Glen P. Jackson, Mathieu Fanuel, Pengfei Li, David Ropartz, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University [Morgantown], Département Caractérisation et Elaboration des Produits Issus de l'Agriculture (CEPIA), Synchrotron SOLEIL, Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Agence Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, France [ANR-08-BLAN-0065], National Institutes of Health [1R01GM114494-01], Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages ( BIA ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Département Caractérisation et Elaboration des Produits Issus de l'Agriculture ( CEPIA ), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] ( UCLAN ), and C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry
Subjects: Collision-induced dissociation, Ultraviolet Rays, Tandem mass spectrometry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Analytical chemistry, Oligosaccharides, Photoionization, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Helium, Dissociation (chemistry), law.invention, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Structural Biology, law, Polysaccharides, Extreme Ultra-violet photon activation, Molecule, Fragmentation method, Spectroscopy, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Photochemical Processes, Synchrotron, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemical physics, Helium-charge transfer dissociation, Ion trap, Synchrotrons, Characterization of complex oligosaccharide structures
Abstract: The structural characterization of oligosaccharides still challenges the field of analytical chemistry. Tandem mass spectrometry offers many advantages toward this aim, although the generic fragmentation method (low-energy collision-induced dissociation) shows clear limitations and is often insufficient to retrieve some essential structural information on these molecules. In this work, we present the first application of helium charge transfer dissociation (He-CTD) to characterize the structure of complex oligosaccharides. We compare this method with low-energy collision-induced dissociation and extreme-ultraviolet dissociative photoionization (XUV-DPI), which was shown previously to ensure the successful characterization of complex glycans. Similarly to what could be obtained by XUV-DPI, He-CTD provides a complete description of the investigated structures by producing many informative cross-ring fragments and no ambiguous fragmentation. Unlike XUV-DPI, which is performed at a synchrotron source, He-CTD has the undeniable advantage of being implementable in a conventional benchtop ion trap in a conventional laboratory setting. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Published: 2016

3. Injury prevention strategies at the FIFA 2014 World Cup: perceptions and practices of the physicians from the 32 participating national teams

Author: Ian Beasley, Alan McCall, Gregory Dupont, Michael Davison, Christopher Carling, Thor Einar Andersen, Mario Bizzini, Jiri Dvorak, Rob Duffield, Edinburgh Napier University, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), Charles Sturt University [Australia], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Artois, Université de Lille, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 [URePSSS], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] [UCLAN], and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Sports medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Testing, Poison control, Football, Sports Medicine, Suicide prevention, Mesh:Clinical Competence/standards, Occupational safety and health, Mesh:Athletic Injuries/prevention & control, Mesh:Risk Factors, Risk Factors, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Mesh:Practice Patterns, Human factors and ergonomics, General Medicine, Exercise Therapy, Athletic Injuries, Original Article, Health education, Clinical Competence, Attitude to Health, Mesh:Exercise Therapy/methods, medicine.medical_specialty, Mesh:Health Knowledge, Mesh:Physicians'', Mesh:Male, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Mesh:Soccer/injuries, Mesh:Attitudes, Nursing, Injury prevention, Soccer, medicine, Humans, Mesh:Practice, Mesh:Sports Medicine, business.industry, Mesh:Humans, Physical therapy, Risk factor, business, Mesh:Attitude to Health, Sport Sciences
Abstract: © 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights resereved. Purpose: The available scientific research regarding injury prevention practices in international football is sparse. The purpose of this study was to quantify current practice with regard to (1) injury prevention of top-level footballers competing in an international tournament, and (2) determine the main challenges and issues faced by practitioners in these national teams. Methods: A survey was administered to physicians of the 32 competing national teams at the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The survey included 4 sections regarding perceptions and practices concerning non-contact injuries: (1) risk factors, (2) screening tests and monitoring tools, (3) preventative strategies and (4) reflection on their experience at the World Cup. Results: Following responses from all teams (100%), the present study revealed the most important intrinsic ( previous injury, accumulated fatigue, agonist:antagonist muscle imbalance) and extrinsic (reduced recovery time, training load prior to and during World Cup, congested fixtures) risk factors during the FIFA 2014 World Cup. The 5 most commonly used tests for risk factors were: flexibility, fitness, joint mobility, balance and strength; monitoring tools commonly used were: medical screen, minutes/matches played, subjective and objective wellness, heart rate and biochemical markers. The 5 most important preventative exercises were: flexibility, core, combined contractions, balance and eccentric. Conclusions: The present study showed that many of the National football (soccer) teams' injury prevention perceptions and practices follow a coherent approach. There remains, however, a lack of consistent research findings to support some of these perceptions and practices.
Published: 2015

4. A multi-center study evaluating the correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction and depressive symptoms

Author: Zhenyu Wei, Junqi Liang, Kai Cao, Leying Wang, Christophe Baudouin, Antoine Labbé, Qingfeng Liang, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Beijing Tongren Hospital, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Institut de la Vision, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier National d'Ophtalmologie des Quinze-Vingts (CHNO), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Adult, Male, China, Adolescent, Science, [SDV.MHEP.PSM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Article, Young Adult, Humans, [SDV.MHEP.OS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, Eye diseases, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Multidisciplinary, Depression, Middle Aged, A300, Cross-Sectional Studies, Risk factors, [SDV.MHEP.OS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Sensory Organs, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Case-Control Studies, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Medicine, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Psychiatric disorders
Abstract: Increased prevalence of depression has been found in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD); however, specific conditions of patients suffered from MGD and depression remains unclear. Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of depression in patients with MGD and analyze the risk factors of depression in MGD patients. In this multi-center cross-sectional study, we enrolled 830 MGD patients and 114 normal controls. Demographic information was collected by designed questionnaires about lifestyle habits, systemic and ocular medical history. Ophthalmic examinations were performed in a formal order. Depression symptoms were evaluated with a questionnaire survey using a modified self-rating depression scale (M-SDS). The correlations between the M-SDS score and demographic and clinical information were analyzed. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) was higher in the MGD group. There were 78 cases (9.4%) with depressive symptoms in the MGD group whereas there were 4 cases (3.5%) in controls. Similarly, M-SDS was higher in the MGD group. The characteristics of depression in the MGD group included: crying spells, sleep disturbance and depressed appetite. Some systemic diseases (OSAHS, allergy, skin disease) and the use of contact lenses was correlated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in MGD patients.
Published: 2022

5. Two distinct ecological behaviours within anecic earthworm species in temperate climates

Author: Kevin Hoeffner, Kevin R. Butt, Cécile Monard, Joana Frazão, Guénola Pérès, Daniel Cluzeau, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Soil organic matter, Insect Science, Soil Science, Burrow, Feeding guild, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Microbiology, Growth Plant-derived material
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2022

6. Mitonuclear discordance and patterns of reproductive isolation in a complex of simultaneously hermaphroditic species, the Allolobophora chlorotica case study

Author: Hélène Audusseau, David Porco, Kevin Butt, Lise Dupont, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Musée National d'Histoire Naturelle de Luxembourg (MNHN), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, C182, Reproductive Isolation, C150, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], C100, earthworms, DNA, Mitochondrial, [SDV.BA.ZI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Invertebrate Zoology, multiple mating, postzygotic isolation, mitochondrial lineage, parentage analysis, Animals, Humans, Female, Oligochaeta, hybridization, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Phylogeny, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Historical events of population fragmentation, expansion and admixture over geological time may result in complex patterns of reproductive isolation and may explain why, for some taxa, the study of mitochondrial (mt) and nuclear (nu) genetic data results in discordant evolutionary patterns. Complex patterns of taxonomic diversity were recently revealed in earthworms for which distribution is largely the result of paleogeographical events. Here, we investigated reproductive isolation patterns in a complex of cryptic species of earthworms in which discordant patterns between mt and nu genetic lineages were previously revealed, the Allolobophora chlorotica aggregate. Using four nu microsatellite markers and a fragment of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mt gene we carried out a parentage analysis to investigate the mating patterns (i) between individuals belonging to two divergent mt lineages that cannot be distinguished with nu markers and (ii) between individuals belonging to lineages that are differentiated both at the mt and nu levels. Among the 157 field collected individuals, 66 adults were used in cross-breeding experiments to form 22 trios based on their assignment to a mt lineage, and 453 obtained juveniles were genotyped. We showed that adults that mated with both their potential mates in the trio produced significantly more juveniles. In crosses between lineages that diverged exclusively at the mt level, a sex-specific pattern of reproduction characteristic to each lineage was observed, suggesting a possible conflict of interest concerning the use of male/female function between mating partners. In crosses between lineages that diverged both at the mt and nu level, a high production of cocoons was counterbalanced by a low hatching rate, suggesting a post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Different degrees of reproductive isolation, from differential sex allocation to post-zygotic isolation, were thus revealed. Lineages appear to be at different stages in the speciation process, which likely explain the observed opposite patterns of mito-nuclear congruence.
Published: 2022

7. Mechanistic Effect Modeling of Earthworms in the Context of Pesticide Risk Assessment: Synthesis of the FORESEE Workshop

Author: Kevin R. Butt, Martin Holmstrup, David J. Spurgeon, Alice S. A. Johnston, Andreas Focks, Sabine Duquesne, Yvan Capowiez, Mathilde Zorn, Gregor Ernst, Valery E. Forbes, André Gergs, Vanessa Roeben, Cornelis A.M. van Gestel, Kim J. Rakel, Melissa Reed, Dirk Nickisch, Erik van den Berg, Joerg Roembke, Silvia Pieper, Roman Ashauer, Mark E. Hodson, Mattia Meli, Pernille Thorbek, Ralf B. Schäfer, Annika Agatz, Animal Ecology, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System, Minnesota State University [Mankato], Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system, Ibacon GmbH, University of York [York, UK], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Bayer Cropscience, and European Crop Protection Association (ECPA)
Subjects: Environmental Risk Assessment, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil organisms, Computer science, Ecology (disciplines), Geography, Planning and Development, Population, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Risk Assessment, Soil, Population modeling, Multidisciplinary approach, Germany, Animals, Humans, Workgroup, Oligochaeta, Pesticides, education, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Plant protection products, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Environmental resource management, Stakeholder, Common ground, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, business, Risk assessment, Cross-species extrapolation, Uptake routes
Abstract: Earthworms are important ecosystem engineers, and assessment of the risk of plant protection products toward them is part of the European environmental risk assessment (ERA). In the current ERA scheme, exposure and effects are represented simplistically and are not well integrated, resulting in uncertainty when the results are applied to ecosystems. Modeling offers a powerful tool to integrate the effects observed in lower tier laboratory studies with the environmental conditions under which exposure is expected in the field. This paper provides a summary of the (In)Field Organism Risk modEling by coupling Soil Exposure and Effect (FORESEE) Workshop held 28-30 January 2020 in Düsseldorf, Germany. This workshop focused on toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) and population modeling of earthworms in the context of ERA. The goal was to bring together scientists from different stakeholder groups to discuss the current state of soil invertebrate modeling and to explore how earthworm modeling could be applied to risk assessments, in particular how the different model outputs can be used in the tiered ERA approach. In support of these goals, the workshop aimed at addressing the requirements and concerns of the different stakeholder groups to support further model development. The modeling approach included 4 submodules to cover the most relevant processes for earthworm risk assessment: environment, behavior (feeding, vertical movement), TKTD, and population. Four workgroups examined different aspects of the model with relevance for risk assessment, earthworm ecology, uptake routes, and cross-species extrapolation and model testing. Here, we present the perspectives of each workgroup and highlight how the collaborative effort of participants from multidisciplinary backgrounds helped to establish common ground. In addition, we provide a list of recommendations for how earthworm TKTD modeling could address some of the uncertainties in current risk assessments for plant protection products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:352-363. © 2020 SETAC.
Published: 2021

8. Unveiling the importance of magnetic fields in the evolution of dense clumps formed at the waist of bipolar H II regions: a case study on Sh2-201 with JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2

Author: Jia-Wei Wang, Di Li, Derek Ward-Thompson, Yuehui Ma, Devendra K. Ojha, Kate Pattle, Annie Zavagno, Tie Liu, Chakali Eswaraiah, Anil K. Pandey, Shih-Ping Lai, M. R. Samal, Tao-Chung Ching, National Astronomical Observatories [Beijing] (NAOC), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Centre Procédés, Énergies Renouvelables, Systèmes Énergétiques (PERSEE), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physical Research Laboratory [Ahmedabad] (PRL), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography [Urumqi] (XIEG), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), and Tata Institute for Fundamental Research (TIFR)
Subjects: Physics, H II region, F990, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Turbulence, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Virial theorem, Magnetic field, Protein filament, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Ionization, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Cosmic dust
Abstract: We present the properties of magnetic fields (B-fields) in two clumps (clump 1 and clump 2), located at the waist of the bipolar H II region Sh2-201, based on JCMT SCUBA-2/POL-2 observations of 850 $\mu$m polarized dust emission. We find that B-fields in the direction of the clumps are bent and compressed, showing bow-like morphologies, which we attribute to the feedback effect of the H II region on the surface of the clumps. Using the modified Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi method we estimate B-fields strengths of 266 $\mu$G and 65 $\mu$G for clump 1 and clump 2, respectively. From virial analyses and critical mass ratio estimates, we argue that clump 1 is gravitationally bound and could be undergoing collapse, whereas clump 2 is unbound and stable. We hypothesize that the interplay between thermal pressure imparted by the H II region, B-field morphologies, and the various internal pressures of the clumps (such as magnetic, turbulent, and gas thermal pressure), has the following consequences: (a) formation of clumps at the waist of the H II region; (b) progressive compression and enhancement of the B-fields in the clumps; (c) stronger B-fields will shield the clumps from erosion by the H II region and cause pressure equilibrium between the clumps and the H II region, thereby allowing expanding I-fronts to blow away from the filament ridge, forming bipolar H II regions; and (d) stronger B-fields and turbulence will be able to stabilize the clumps. A study of a larger sample of bipolar H II regions would help to determine whether our hypotheses are widely applicable., Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, and 4 tables. Accepted for publication in ApJ
Published: 2022

9. Genetic structure and insecticide resistance characteristics of fall armyworm populations invading China

Author: Yu-Ying Jiang, Weipeng Quan, Kenneth Wilson, Chao Wu, Wanqiang Qian, Bo Liu, Swapan Chakrabarty, Gilson Chipabika, Sheng-yuan Zhao, W. Zheng, Dandan Zhang, Wei Fan, Guirong Wang, Bei Liu, Jie Liu, Xinyue Liang, Amy Withers, Christopher M. Jones, Minghui Jin, Judith A. Smith, Yutao Xiao, Xiaolin Liu, Emmanuelle d'Alençon, Kiwoong Nam, Zaiyuan Li, Xianming Yang, Donald L. Kachigamba, Lei Zhang, Pengjun Xu, Conghui Liu, Kongming Wu, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Lancaster University, Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme (MLW), Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine (LSTM)-University of Liverpool-Wellcome Trust-University of Malawi, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Zambia Agriculture Research Institute, Partenaires INRAE, Bvumbwe Research Station, Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natl Agrotech Extens & Serv Ctr, Novogene Bioinformatics Institute, and Grandomics Biosciences
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, resistance risk, China, Nuclear gene, Population, Genome, Insect, Spodoptera, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Zea mays, Insecticide Resistance, qx_560, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemolysin Proteins, South Africa, Bacterial Proteins, Bacillus thuringiensis, qx_600, Genetics, Animals, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Resource Article, education, Permanent Genetic Resources, subpopulations, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, education.field_of_study, qx_4, Genetically modified maize, biology, F410, Strain (biology), RESOURCE ARTICLES, population structure, Spodoptera frugiperda, biology.organism_classification, Plants, Genetically Modified, Endotoxins, 030104 developmental biology, Genetic structure, Fall armyworm, qu_450, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, gene insertion, Biotechnology
Abstract: The rapid wide-scale spread of fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) has caused serious crop losses34 globally. However, differences in the genetic background of subpopulations and the mechanisms of rapid adaptation behind the invasion are still not well understood. Here we report the assembly of a 390.38-M chromosome-level genome of fall armyworm using Pacific Bioscience (PacBio) and Hi-C sequencing technologies with scaffold N50 of 12.7 M consisting of 22260 annotated protein-coding genes. Genome-wide resequencing of 103 samples from 16 provinces in China revealed that the fall armyworm population comprises a complex inter-strain hybrid, mainly with the corn-strain genetic background and less of the rice-strain, which highlights the inaccuracy of strain identification using mitochondrial or Triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) genes. Analysis of genes related to pesticide- and Bt-resistance showed that the risk of fall armyworm developing resistance to conventional pesticides is very high. Laboratory bioassay results showed that insects invading China carry resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides, but are sensitive to genetically modified maize expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins Cry1Ab in field experiments. Additionally, two mitochondrial fragments are inserted into the nuclear genome, and the insertion event occurred after the differentiation of the two strains. This study represents a valuable advance toward improving management strategies for fall armyworm.
Published: 2020

10. Marine macroalgae as food for earthworms: growth and selection experiments across ecotypes

Author: Guénola Pérès, Camille Méline, Kevin R. Butt, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: C150, Fucus serratus, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Soil biology, C110, 010501 environmental sciences, Choice chamber, 01 natural sciences, Macroalgae, Birch leaves, Earthworm and Soil Pollution, Horse manure, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Horses, Oligochaeta, Agroecosystems, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Ecotype, Laminaria, C161, biology, Earthworm, Laminaria digitata, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Lumbricus rubellus, biology.organism_classification, Seaweed, Pollution, Manure, Europe, Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Fucus, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, C180
Abstract: Historically, subsistence farmers around the Atlantic coast of NW Europe utilized marine algae as a fertilizer in agroecosystems, a practice that continued in small areas and is now considered to have real potential for re-establishing sustainable food production systems on marginal soils. Earthworms form a significant component of soil fauna, and their ecosystem services are well-documented. Therefore, palatability of marine organic amendments to faunal detritivores of terrestrial systems is of interest. This work aimed to assess the potential for growth of Aporrectodea caliginosa, Lumbricus rubellus and Aporrectodea longa fed with two common macroalgae (seaweeds), Laminaria digitata and Fucus serratus. In addition, choice chambers were constructed to permit earthworm selection of these macroalgae with more conventional organic materials, horse manure (HM) and birch leaves (BL). Over a period of 2 months, earthworm species showed significantly greater mass gain with conventional food (p Laminaria outperformed Fucus, which in turn was superior to soil alone. Similarly, when given a choice, a significant preference (p A. caliginosa when offered seaweeds only. By contrast, L. rubellus and A. longa showed significant preferences (p Laminaria over Fucus and fresh material over degraded. These results underline an interest to profit from natural resources (seaweeds) to maintain or improve soil biological quality in marginal coastal areas.
Published: 2020

11. The JCMT BISTRO Survey: Evidence for Pinched Magnetic Fields in Quiescent Filaments of NGC 1333

Author: Doi, Yasuo, Tomisaka, Kohji, Hasegawa, Tetsuo, Coudé, Simon, Arzoumanian, Doris, Bastien, Pierre, Matsumura, Masafumi, Tahani, Mehrnoosh, Sadavoy, Sarah, Hull, Charles L. H., Johnstone, Doug, Di Francesco, James, Shimajiri, Yoshito, Furuya, Ray S., Kwon, Jungmi, Tamura, Motohide, Ward-Thompson, Derek, Le Gouellec, Valentin J. M., Hoang, Thiem, Kirchschlager, Florian, Hwang, Jihye, Eswaraiah, Chakali, Koch, Patrick M., Whitworth, Anthony P., Pattle, Kate, Kwon, Woojin, Kang, Jihyun, Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, Bourke, Tyler L., Tang, Xindi, Fanciullo, Lapo, Lee, Chang Won, Liu, Hong-Li, Lyo, A-Ran, Qiu, Keping, Lai, Shih-Ping, Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science in Technology (ARC-CREST), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Montréal (UdeM), Institut de Recherche sur les Exoplanètes (iREX), Kagawa University [Japan], National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Queen's University [Kingston, Canada], NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics, Conseil National de Recherches Canada (CNRC), Tokushima University, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), University College of London [London] (UCL), Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram (IISER TVM), Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASIAA), Academia Sinica, School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Nagoya City University [Nagoya, Japan], Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Yunnan Agricultural University, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics [Nanjing] (NUAA), and National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU)
Subjects: interstellar medium, Interstellar filaments (842), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, F500, Submillimeter astronomy (1647), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, submillimeter astronomy, Interstellar magnetic fields (845), Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, star formation, interstellar magnetic fields, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), interstellar filaments, Polarimetry (1278), Star formation (1569), Interstellar medium (847), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, polarimetry
Abstract: We investigate the internal 3D magnetic structure of dense interstellar filaments within NGC 1333 using polarization data at $850 \mu\mathrm{m}$ from the $B$-fields In STar-forming Region Observations survey at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. Theoretical models predict that the magnetic field lines in a filament will tend to be dragged radially inward (i.e., pinched) toward the central axis due to the filament's self-gravity. We study the cross-sectional profiles of the total intensity ($I$) and polarized intensity (PI) of dust emission in four segments of filaments unaffected by local star formation that are expected to retain a pristine magnetic field structure. We find that the filaments' FWHM in PI are not the same as those in $I$, with two segments being appreciably narrower in PI (FWHM ratio $\simeq 0.7-0.8$) and one segment being wider (FWHM ratio $\simeq 1.3$). The filament profiles of the polarization fraction ($P$) do not show a minimum at the spine of the filament, which is not in line with an anticorrelation between $P$ and $I$ normally seen in molecular clouds and protostellar cores. Dust grain alignment variation with density cannot reproduce the observed $P$ distribution. We demonstrate numerically that the $I$ and PI cross-sectional profiles of filaments in magnetohydrostatic equilibrium will have differing relative widths depending on the viewing angle. The observed variations of FWHM ratios in NGC 1333 are therefore consistent with models of pinched magnetic field structures inside filaments, and especially if they are magnetically near-critical or supercritical., Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJL
Published: 2021

12. Effect of Miscanthus × giganteus ash on survival, biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the endogeic earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa

Author: Christopher Nathan Lowe, Safya Menasseri-Aubry, Jane Darcy Byers-Woods, Thierry Jacquet, Claire Brami, Guénola Pérès, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Phytorestore, Phytorestore - Site et Concept, and University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, chemistry.chemical_element, Biomass, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Soil, Avoidance Learning, Animals, Soil Pollutants, Miscanthus giganteus, Oligochaeta, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, biology, Reproduction, Phosphorus, Earthworm, General Medicine, Miscanthus, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Substrate (marine biology), Incineration, Energy crop, 010602 entomology, chemistry, Agronomy, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: To achieve the EU’s targets for reducing energy production from fossil fuels, the use of energy crops, such as Miscanthus × giganteus, is increasing resulting in a corresponding increase in waste ash from incineration. The chemical properties of Miscanthus ash (e.g. phosphorus and potassium content) may allow this waste material (currently landfilled) to be used as a fertiliser, but no information exists on the effect of the ash on the biological properties of soil. The main aim of this study was to determine the potential impact of Miscanthus ash on earthworms by assessing the effect on survival, change in biomass, reproduction and avoidance behaviour of the geophagous, soil dwelling earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa. Tests utilised a range of Miscanthus ash doses from 0 to 50 t ha−1 (0, 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 25, 50). Results showed that Miscanthus ash had no significant impact on A. caliginosa survival, biomass and reproduction, but negative trends were observed for biomass from 2.5 t ha−1 and for reproduction from 10 t ha−1. In contrast, a significant avoidance response was observed in the 25 and 50 t ha−1 treatment and according to ISO guideline 17512 there is a negative impact of the Miscanthus ash on soil habitat function at 25 t ha−1 and above as more than 80% of earthworms were in the control soil. It is suggested that this negative effect on soil habitat function could be attributed to a range of factors including the presence of heavy metals in the ash and a change in substrate pH, texture and/or osmotic stress. Further laboratory-based studies conducted over extended time periods with a more refined range of ash doses and associated field-based studies are required to validate the results and determine a more precise assessment of the threshold ash value inducing a loss of soil habitat function.
Published: 2021

13. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Polarization measurements of S201 with JCMT (Eswaraiah+, 2020)

Author: Eswaraiah, C., Li, Di, Samal, M.~r., Wang, J. -W., Ma, Y., Lai, S. -P., Zavagno, Annie, Ching, T. -C., Liu, T., Pattle, K., Ward-Thompson, D., Pandey, A.~k., Ojha, D.~k., University of Alberta, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], and University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN)
Subjects: Interstellar medium, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Magnetic fields, Polarization, H II regions, Optical
Abstract: International audience; Dust continuum polarization observations have been conducted using the POL-2 polarimeter installed on the SCUBA-2 camera (hereafter SCUBAPOL2) at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT), a 15m single-dish submillimeter observatory located on the summit of Maunakea in Hawaii, USA. POL-2 observations of the S201 region (project code: M17BP041; PI: Eswaraiah Chakali) were carried out on 2017 November 18 using the POL-2 DAISY mapping mode. Three sets of observations were acquired under JCMT Band 1 weather conditions, during which the atmospheric optical depth at 225GHz, \tau\225, was 0.03. Each set was observed for 30 minutes, resulting in a total integration time of \raisebox-0.5ex~1.5hr. \\\\(1 data file).
Published: 2021

14. Crosstalk Between Innate and T Cell Adaptive Immunity With(in) the Muscle

Author: Adriana C. Bonomo, Fernanda Pinto-Mariz, Ingo Riederer, Claudia F. Benjamim, Gillian Butler-Browne, Vincent Mouly, Wilson Savino, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Institute [Rio de Janeiro] (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Centre de recherche en Myologie – U974 SU-INSERM, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work was supported by the Fiocruz, CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ (Brazil), and the MercoSur Fund for Structural Convergence (FOCEM/MercoSur). It was developed in the frameworks of the Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (CNPq) and the Rio de Janeiro Research Network on Neuroinflammation (Faperj), as well as the Fiocruz/Inserm International Laboratory on Neuromuscular Diseases (Brazil/France), Sorbonne Université (France) and French Association against Myopathies (AFM, France)., UMRS974, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Centre de Recherche en Myologie
Subjects: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Cell type, Physiology, T cell, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Review, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, [SDV.IMM.II]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Innate immunity, lcsh:Physiology, regulatory T cells, polymyositis, 03 medical and health sciences, effector T cells, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Physiology (medical), medicine, Myocyte, dendritic cells, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Innate immune system, lcsh:QP1-981, B230, myoblasts, Skeletal muscle, medicine.disease, Acquired immune system, Cell biology, macrophages, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: International audience; Growing evidence demonstrates a continuous interaction between the immune system and the skeletal muscle in inflammatory diseases of different pathogenetic origins, in dystrophic conditions such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy as well as during normal muscle regeneration. Although one component of the innate immunity, the macrophage, has been extensively studied both in disease conditions and during cell or gene therapy strategies aiming at restoring muscular functions, much less is known about dendritic cells and their primary immunological targets, the T lymphocytes. This review will focus on the dendritic cells and T lymphocytes (including effector and regulatory T-cells), emphasizing the potential cross talk between these cell types and their influence on the structure and function of skeletal muscle.
Published: 2020

15. Compulsory admissions of patients with mental disorders: State of the art on ethical and legislative aspects in 40 European countries

Author: N. Neznanov, K. Gasparyan, Chris Baeken, Bernardo Carpiniello, A. Lehmets, Geert Dom, H. Brunn, William Flannery, C. Hanon, E. Prinsen, E. Slodecki, G. Ostorharics-Horvath, Peter Falkai, Przemyslaw Bienkowski, Erkki Isometsä, M. F. Bravo Ortiz, G. Lynch, Oleg Skugarevsky, T. Kurimay, Pavel Mohr, N. Camilleri, U.F. Malt, M. Rojnic Kuzman, L. Izakova, E. Terauds, Izet Pajević, Ömer Böke, Jerzy Samochowiec, V. Miklavic, A. Kleinberg, Z. Zemishlany, N. O. Maruta, P. Voloshyn, A. Popova, P. Gorwood, G. Apter, Simavi Vahip, S. Klæbo Reitan, A. Hedlund, Fuad Ismayilov, Norman Sartorius, L. Vavrusova, C. Rados, S. Tyano, Jana Chihai, Rachel Taylor-East, F. Öncü, P. Varandas, M. Musalek, N. Ismayilov, A. Mihaljevic Peles, D. S. Stone, A. Roig, Johannes Wancata, O. Gudmundsson, C. Tsopelas, F. Matthys, G. Gerlinger, Goran Mihajlović, E. Chkonia, A. Esanu, M. David, C. Tudose, P. Vallon, Dusica Lecic-Tosevski, P. Courtet, Danuta Wasserman, Andreas Heinz, L. Martin, Y. Savenko, Judit Balazs, C. Maddock, C. Bec, R. Mazaliauskiene, Doina Cozman, A. Soghoyan, M. Munarriz Ferrandis, M. J. Heitor Dos Santos, J. Wise, Nina Lindberg, S. Bailey, P. Pregelj, Julio Bobes, I. Martynikhin, R.J. van der Gaag, K. A. Lundblad, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, University of Oviedo, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), Ondokuz Mayis University, University of Malta [Malta], Universita degli Studi di Cagliari [Cagliari], University Nicolae Testemitanu [Kishinev, Moldova] (UNT), Tbilisi State Medical University (Department of Pediatrics), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Antwerp (UA), Ludwig-Maximilians University [Munich] (LMU), Mater Misericordiae University Hospital [Dublin] (The Mater Hospital), Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi, Institut de psychiatrie et neurosciences de Paris (IPNP - U1266 Inserm), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, Hôpital Corentin Celton [Issy-les-Moulineaux], Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Azerbaijan Medical University, University of Helsinki, Comenius University in Bratislava, Tallinn Children's Hospital [Tallinn, Estonia], Semmelweis University [Budapest], Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts (SASA), Tallinn Central Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital [Helsinki, Finlande], University of Oslo (UiO), First Pavlov State Medical University of St. Petersburg [Russian Federation], Universitair Ziekenhuis [Brussels, Belgium], Lithuanian University of health Sciences [Kaunas], University of Kragujevac, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Partenaires INRAE, University Medical Centre Ljubljana [Ljubljana, Slovenia] (UMCL), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Sigmund Freud University (SFU), University Clinic Centre Tuzla, University of Ljubljana, Pomeranian Medical University [Szczecin, Poland] (PMU), Belarusian State Medical University (BSMU), Riga Stradins University (RSU), University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Carol Davila' Bucharest (UMPCD), Kharkiv Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, CNWL NHS Foundation Trust [London, UK] (CNWL-NHSFT), Ege university, UAM. Departamento de Psiquiatría, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, HUS Psychiatry, and Helsinki University Hospital Area
Subjects: ASSOCIATION EPA GUIDANCE, Coercion, compulsory admission, MESH: Hospitalization, 3124 Neurology and psychiatry, 0302 clinical medicine, C848, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine and Health Sciences, Psychology, health care economics and organizations, involuntary admission, Medical model, education.field_of_study, education, communication, Mental Disorders, Legislature, Awareness, mental health, Europe, compulsory admission, psychiatry in Europe, 3. Good health, Europe, Hospitalization, Psychiatry and Mental health, MESH: Commitment of Mentally Ill, Education, human rights, european psychiatric asscoiation, HEALTH, Review/Meta-analyses, medicine.medical_specialty, Medicina, Population, MEDLINE, Stigma (botany), Legislation, 03 medical and health sciences, ethics and human rights, PEOPLE, HIGH-RISK STATES, medicine, Humans, QUALITY, MESH: Mental Disorders, Awareness, communication, compulsory admission, education, ethics and human rights, European Psychiatric Association (EPA), involuntary admission, legal model, medical model, National Psychiatric Associations (NPAs), psychiatry in Europe, stigma, MESH: Surveys and Questionnaires, MESH: Coercion, MESH: Humans, HOSPITAL ADMISSION, National Psychiatric Associations (NPAs), 030227 psychiatry, legal model, stigma, Family medicine, PSYCHIATRIC-PATIENTS, [SDV.MHEP.PSM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Psychiatrics and mental health, Commitment of Mentally Ill, Human medicine, MESH: Europe, European Psychiatric Association (EPA), M260, medical model, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Legislation & jurisprudence
Abstract: © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Background: Compulsory admission procedures of patients with mental disorders vary between countries in Europe. The Ethics Committee of the European Psychiatric Association (EPA) launched a survey on involuntary admission procedures of patients with mental disorders in 40 countries to gather information from all National Psychiatric Associations that are members of the EPA to develop recommendations for improving involuntary admission processes and promote voluntary care. Methods: The survey focused on legislation of involuntary admissions and key actors involved in the admission procedure as well as most common reasons for involuntary admissions. Results: We analyzed the survey categorical data in themes, which highlight that both medical and legal actors are involved in involuntary admission procedures. Conclusions: We conclude that legal reasons for compulsory admission should be reworded in order to remove stigmatization of the patient, that raising awareness about involuntary admission procedures and patient rights with both patients and family advocacy groups is paramount, that communication about procedures should be widely available in lay-language for the general population, and that training sessions and guidance should be available for legal and medical practitioners. Finally, people working in the field need to be constantly aware about the ethical challenges surrounding compulsory admissions.
Published: 2020

16. The role of Galactic H II regions in the formation of filaments

Author: Nicolas Peretto, M. Figueira, Alexander Men'shchikov, Ph. André, Y. Shimajiri, D. Russeil, P. Palmeirim, Nicola Schneider, Vera Konyves, Annie Zavagno, H. Roussel, Timea Csengeri, S. N. Zhang, Gary A. Fuller, Frederic Schuller, Doris Arzoumanian, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Kagoshima University, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Supports from the French national programs on stellar and ISM physics (PNPS and PCMI)., Funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement No 730562 [RadioNet]., ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), ANR-11-BS56-0010,STARFICH,Vers une vision unifiée de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies : Origine de la structure filamentaire du milieu interstellaire, des cœurs pré-stellaires et des amas protostellaires vus avec Herschel(2011), ANR-05-BLAN-0215,ARTEMIS,ARchitectures de bolomètres pour des TElescopes à grand champ de vue dans le domaine sub-MIllimétrique au Sol(2005), ANR-11-LABX-0013,FOCUS,Des détecteurs pour Observer l'Univers(2011), and European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Shell (structure), FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Protein filament, ISM: individual objects: RCW 120, Ionization, 0103 physical sciences, H II regions, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, F990, stars: formation, Star formation, Resolution (electron density), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Full width at half maximum, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Massive stars and their associated ionized (HII) regions could play a key role in the formation and evolution of filaments that host star formation. However, the properties of filaments that interact with H regions are still poorly known. To investigate the impact of HII regions on the formation of filaments, we imaged the Galactic HII region RCW 120 and its surroundings where active star formation takes place and where the role of ionization feedback on the star formation process has already been studied. We used the ArT\'eMiS camera on the APEX telescope and combined the ArT\'eMiS data at 350 and 450 microns with Herschel-SPIRE/HOBYS. We studied the dense gas distribution around RCW 120 with a resolution of 8 arcsec (0.05 pc at a distance of 1.34 kpc). Our study allows us to trace the median radial intensity profile of the dense shell of RCW 120. This profile is asymmetric, indicating a clear compression from the HII region on the inner part of the shell. The profile is observed to be similarly asymmetric on both lateral sides of the shell, indicating a homogeneous compression over the surface. On the contrary, the profile analysis of a radial filament associated with the shell, but located outside of it, reveals a symmetric profile, suggesting that the compression from the ionized region is limited to the dense shell. The mean intensity profile of the internal part of the shell is well fitted by a Plummer like profile with a deconvolved Gaussian FWHM of 0.09 pc, as observed for filaments in low-mass star-forming regions. This study suggests that compression exerted by HII regions may play a key role in the formation of filaments and may further act on their hosted star formation. ArT\'eMiS data also suggest that RCW 120 might be a 3D ring, rather than a spherical structure, Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures, accepted by A&A
Published: 2020

17. Transcript analysis reveals a hypoxic inflammatory environment in human chronic otitis media with effusion

Author: George Nicholson, James D. Ramsden, Hayley E. Tyrer, Guillaume Devailly, Chiara Piccinelli, Helen Brown, Mahmood F. Bhutta, Michael Cheeseman, Debbie Williams, Steve D. M. Brown, Lindsey Hobson, Jane Lambie, Brighton & Sussex Univ Hosp NHS Trust, University of Oxford [Oxford], Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, MRC Harwell Inst, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Medical Research Council Harwell (Mammalian Genetics Unit and Mary Lyon Centre), Medical Research Counc, University of Edinburgh, University of Edingburgh, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Medical Research Council Technology Development Gap Fund /A853-0092Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) / BB/J004316/1Wellcome Trust /084655
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], lcsh:QH426-470, Lymphocyte, Inflammation, otitis media (OM), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Downregulation and upregulation, effusion, Genetics, medicine, Hypoxia, transcript, Genetics (clinical), Original Research, Effusion analysis, hypoxia, business.industry, otitis media, Eosinophil, Pathophysiology, 3. Good health, lcsh:Genetics, Serous fluid, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Effusion, inflammation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, Molecular Medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Transcriptome, CD8, trancript
Abstract: Chronic otitis media with effusion (COME) is the most common cause of childhood hearing loss in the developed world. Underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, and in particular the factors that lead to the transition from acute to chronic inflammation. Here we present the first genome-wide transcript analysis of white blood cells in the effusion of children with COME. Analysis of microarray data for enriched pathways reveals upregulation of hypoxia pathways, which is confirmed using real-time PCR and determining VEGF protein titres. Other pathways upregulated in both mucoid and serous effusions include Toll-like receptor signaling, complement, and RANK-RANKL. Cytology reveals neutrophils and macrophages predominated in both serous and mucoid effusions, however, serous samples had higher lymphocyte and eosinophil differential counts, while mucoid samples had higher neutrophil differential counts. Transcript analysis indicates serous fluids have CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte, and NK cell signatures. Overall, our findings suggest that inflammation and hypoxia pathways are important in the pathology of COME, and targets for potential therapeutic intervention, and that mucoid and serous COME may represent different immunological responses.
Published: 2020

18. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Accretion history of massive stars (Peretto+, 2020)

Author: Peretto, N., Rigby, A., André, P., Könyves, V., Fuller, G., Zavagno, Annie, Schuller, F., Arzoumanian, D., Bontemps, S., Csengeri, T., Didelon, P., Duarte-Cabral, A., Palmeirim, P., Pezzuto, S., Revéret, V., Roussel, H., Shimajiri, Y., Cardiff University, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2020, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FEMIS 2021, School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)
Subjects: [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Molecular clouds, Photometry: millimetric/submm, Infrared sources, Stars: masses
Abstract: This table presents the properties of each of 203 compact ArTeMiS sources identified in the images analysed in the paper. These sources have been identified across 5 fields: SDC326, SDC328, SDC340, SDC343, SDC345. \\\\(1 data file).
Published: 2020

19. The role of Galactic H II regions in the formation of filaments

Author: ZAVAGNO, Annie, ANDRÉ, Ph., SCHULLER, F., PERETTO, N., SHIMAJIRI, Y., ARZOUMANIAN, D., CSENGERI, T., FIGUEIRA, M., FULLER, G. A., KÖNYVES, V., MEN’SHCHIKOV, A., PALMEIRIM, P., ROUSSEL, H., RUSSEIL, D., SCHNEIDER, N., ZHANG, S., Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Kagoshima University, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Supports from the French national programs on stellar and ISM physics (PNPS and PCMI)., Funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeunder grant agreement No 730562 [RadioNet]., ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), ANR-11-BS56-0010,STARFICH,Vers une vision unifiée de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies : Origine de la structure filamentaire du milieu interstellaire, des cœurs pré-stellaires et des amas protostellaires vus avec Herschel(2011), ANR-05-BLAN-0215,ARTEMIS,ARchitectures de bolomètres pour des TElescopes à grand champ de vue dans le domaine sub-MIllimétrique au Sol(2005), ANR-11-LABX-0013,FOCUS,Des détecteurs pour Observer l'Univers(2011), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: stars: formation, ISM: individual objects: RCW 120, submillimeter: ISM, H II regions, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: This research has made use of data from the Herschel HOBYS project (http://hobys-herschel.cea.fr). HOBYS is a Herschel Key Project jointly carried out by SPIRE Specialist Astronomy Group 3 (SAG3), scientists of the LAM laboratory in Marseille, and scientists of the Herschel Science Center (HSC).; International audience; Context. Massive stars and their associated ionized (H II) regions could play a key role in the formation and evolution of filaments that host star formation. However, the properties of filaments that interact with H II regions are still poorly known.Aims. To investigate the impact of H II regions on the formation of filaments, we imaged the Galactic H II region RCW 120 and its surroundings where active star formation takes place and where the role of ionization feedback on the star formation process has already been studied.Methods. We used the large-format bolometer camera ArTéMiS on the APEX telescope and combined the high-resolution ArTéMiS data at 350 and 450 μm with Herschel-SPIRE/HOBYS data at 350 and 500 μm to ensure good sensitivity to a broad range of spatial scales. This allowed us to study the dense gas distribution around RCW 120 with a resolution of 8′′ or 0.05 pc at a distance of 1.34 kpc.Results. Our study allows us to trace the median radial intensity profile of the dense shell of RCW 120. This profile is asymmetric, indicating a clear compression from the H II region on the inner part of the shell. The profile is observed to be similarly asymmetric on both lateral sides of the shell, indicating a homogeneous compression over the surface. On the contrary, the profile analysis of a radial filament associated with the shell, but located outside of it, reveals a symmetric profile, suggesting that the compression from the ionized region is limited to the dense shell. The mean intensity profile of the internal part of the shell is well fitted by a Plummer-like profile with a deconvolved Gaussian full width at half maximum of 0.09 pc, as observed for filaments in low-mass star-forming regions.Conclusions. Using ArTéMiS data combined with Herschel-SPIRE data, we found evidence for compression from the inner part of the RCW 120 ionized region on the surrounding dense shell. This compression is accompanied with a significant (factor 5) increase of the local column density. This study suggests that compression exerted by H II regions may play a key role in the formation of filaments and may further act on their hosted star formation. ArTéMiS data also suggest that RCW 120 might be a 3D ring, rather than a spherical structure.
Published: 2020

20. The role of molecular filaments in the origin of the prestellar core mass function and stellar initial mass function

Author: Philippe André, Yoshito Shimajiri, Vera Könyves, P. Palmeirim, Doris Arzoumanian, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagoya University, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Kagoshima University, Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, French national programs of CNRS/INSU on stellar and ISM physics (PNPS and PCMI)., European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universidade do Porto [Porto], and Universidade do Porto
Subjects: Initial mass function, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ISM: structure, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, F500, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, Gravitation, Protein filament, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Toy model, stars: formation, Mass distribution, Molecular cloud, F510, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), submillimeter: ISM, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) is one of the most debated issues in astrophysics. Here, we explore the possible link between the quasi-universal filamentary structure of star-forming molecular clouds and the origin of the IMF. Based on our recent comprehensive study of filament properties from Herschel Gould Belt survey observations (Arzoumanian et al.), we derive, for the first time, a good estimate of the filament mass function (FMF) and filament line mass function (FLMF) in nearby molecular clouds. We use the observed FLMF to propose a simple toy model for the origin of the prestellar core mass function (CMF), relying on gravitational fragmentation of thermally supercritical but virialized filaments. We find that the FMF and the FLMF have very similar shapes and are both consistent with a Salpeter-like power-law function (d$N$/dlog$M_{\rm line} \propto M_{\rm line}^{-1.5\pm0.1}$) in the regime of thermally supercritical filaments ($M_{\rm line} > 16\, M_\odot$/pc). This is a remarkable result since, in contrast, the mass distribution of molecular clouds and clumps is known to be significantly shallower than the Salpeter power-law IMF, with d$N$/dlog$M_{\rm cl} \propto M_{\rm cl}^{-0.7}$. Since the vast majority of prestellar cores appear to form in thermally transcritical or supercritical filaments, we suggest that the prestellar CMF and by extension the stellar IMF are at least partly inherited from the FLMF through gravitational fragmentation of individual filaments., 9 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics Letters
Published: 2019

21. Researching youth participation – theoretical and methodological limitations of existing research and innovative perspectives

Author: Patricia Loncle, Axel Pohl, Nigel Thomas, Andreas Walther, Goethe University of Frankfurt am Main, University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen (FHSG), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Youth, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, business.industry, Institutionalisation, 4. Education, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Perspective (graphical), Youth participation, 050301 education, 050801 communication & media studies, Citizen journalism, Public relations, 16. Peace & justice, Democracy, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 0508 media and communications, Normative, Ideology, Sociology, business, 0503 education, Meaning (linguistics), media_common
Abstract: International audience; In both youth research and pedagogical literature, and especially in related policy arenas, the perspectives often combine normative and analytical aspects, and the concept of participation is sometimes used uncritically, legitimised by a powerful discourse in which young people are addressed as the future of society. This chapter provides theoretical and methodological perspectives that help to deconstruct the ideological lenses through which participation is continually reproduced in ways defined by powerful institutional actors, and from there reconstruct the meaning of participation starting from the perspective of the participants, especially young people. An understanding of democracy is important in studying ways of youth participation that might not be recognised as such by conventional understandings of participation. Apart from participatory observation, group discussions can give access to practical knowledge of young people by reconstructing they refer to each other and the shared meanings of their activities in public spaces. Most processes of institutionalisation of youth participation are related to youth policies.
Published: 2019

22. Structural plasticity of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 enables altered docking geometries atop HLA-C

Author: Camilla Faoro, Sanda Stankovic, Shea Cox-Livingstone, Christelle Retière, Jacqueline M.L. Widjaja, Phillip Pymm, Geraldine Martina O'Connor, Julian P. Vivian, Jamie Rossjohn, Lucy C. Sullivan, Philippa M. Saunders, Andrew G. Brooks, Bruce J. MacLachlan, Shoeib Moradi, Monash University [Clayton], University of Melbourne, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Immunobiology of Human αβ and γδ T Cells and Immunotherapeutic Applications (CRCINA-ÉQUIPE 1), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie et Immunologie Nantes-Angers (CRCINA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Angers (UA), EFS Centre-Pays de la Loire [Nantes], Cardiff University, Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), and RETIERE, Christelle
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, General Physics and Astronomy, Plasma protein binding, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, HLA-C Antigens, Ligands, Molecular Docking Simulation, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, HLA-C, 0302 clinical medicine, Protein Interaction Mapping, Humans, Binding site, Receptor, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, X-ray crystallography, Innate immunity, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, HEK 293 cells, General Chemistry, A300, Allotype, Cell biology, Killer Cells, Natural, 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Docking (molecular), Receptors, KIR2DL3, Receptors, KIR2DL2, Mutant Proteins, Peptides, Structural biology, 030215 immunology, Protein Binding
Abstract: The closely related inhibitory killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR), KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3, regulate the activation of natural killer cells (NK) by interacting with the human leukocyte antigen-C1 (HLA-C1) group of molecules. KIR2DL2, KIR2DL3 and HLA-C1 are highly polymorphic, with this variation being associated with differences in the onset and progression of some human diseases. However, the molecular bases underlying these associations remain unresolved. Here, we determined the crystal structures of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 in complex with HLA-C*07:02 presenting a self-epitope. KIR2DL2 differed from KIR2DL3 in docking modality over HLA-C*07:02 that correlates with variabilty of recognition of HLA-C1 allotypes. Mutagenesis assays indicated differences in the mechanism of HLA-C1 allotype recognition by KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3. Similarly, HLA-C1 allotypes differed markedly in their capacity to inhibit activation of primary NK cells. These functional differences derive, in part, from KIR2DS2 suggesting KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 binding geometries combine with other factors to distinguish HLA-C1 functional recognition., KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 are two inhibitory members of the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) family that share a common HLA-I preference in binding HLA from the C1 group. However, it is still unclear to what extent binding and function is equivalent between KIR2DL2 and 2DL3. Here, the authors present the crystal structures of KIR2DL2 and 2DL3 in complex with HLA-C*07:02 and observe differences in HLA-C recognition between KIR2DL2 and 2DL3, which correlates with differences in HLA-C binding preference as they show with mutagenesis and binding studies.
Published: 2019

23. How the power spectrum of dust continuum images may hide the presence of a characteristic filament width

Author: Nicola Schneider, Jason M. Kirk, A. Roy, P. Palmeirim, Philippe André, Stefano Pezzuto, Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes, Vera Könyves, Doris Arzoumanian, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nagoya University, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), University of Cologne, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto (CAUP), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto [Porto], and Universidade do Porto
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gaussian, Interstellar cloud, FOS: Physical sciences, F500, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Protein filament, symbols.namesake, Polaris, stars: low-mass, 0103 physical sciences, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Star formation, F510, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, infrared: diffuse background, Transverse plane, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), symbols, submillimeter: ISM, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], local insterstellar matter
Abstract: Herschel observations of interstellar clouds support a paradigm for star formation in which filaments play a central role. One of the foundations of this paradigm is the finding, based on studies of the radial column density profiles, that nearby filaments share a common inner width of ~0.1 pc. The existence of a characteristic filament width has been questioned, however, as it seems inconsistent with the scale-free nature of the power spectrum of cloud images. In an effort to clarify the origin of this apparent discrepancy, we examined the power spectra of the Herschel 250 micron images of the Polaris, Aquila, and Taurus clouds and performed a number of simple numerical experiments by injecting synthetic filaments in both the Herschel images and synthetic background images. We constructed several populations of synthetic filaments of 0.1 pc width with realistic area filling factors ($A_{\rm fil}$) and distributions of column density contrasts ($\delta_c$). After adding synthetic filaments to the Herschel images, we re-computed the image power spectra and compared the results with the original, essentially scale-free power spectra. We used the $\chi^2$ variance of the residuals between the best power-law fit and the output power spectrum as a diagnostic of the presence of a significant departure from a scale-free power spectrum. We found that the $\chi^2$ variance depends primarily on the combined parameter $\delta_c^2\, A_{\rm fil}$. Analysis of the real Herschel data shows that the observed filamentary structure contributes only 1/5 of the power in the power spectra at angular frequencies where an effect of the characteristic filament width is expected. We conclude that the scale-free power spectra of Herschel images remain consistent with the existence of a characteristic filament width ~0.1 pc and do not invalidate the conclusions drawn from studies of the filament profiles., Comment: 14 pages, 18 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2019

24. Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS)

Author: Fuente, A., Navarro, D., Caselli, P., Gerin, M., Kramer, C., Roueff, E., Alonso-Albi, T., Bachiller, R., Cazaux, S., Commerçon, B., Friesen, R., Garcia-Burillo, S., Giuliano, B., Goicoechea, J., Gratier, P., Hacar, A., Jimenez-Serra, I., Kirk, J., Lattanzi, V., Loison, J., Malinen, J., Marcelino, N., Martín-Doménech, R., Muñoz-Caro, G., Pineda, J., Tafalla, M., Tercero, B., Ward-Thompson, D., Treviño-Morales, S., Riviere-Marichalar, P., Roncero, O., Vidal, Thierry, Ballester, M., Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN), oan, Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), OAN, Madrid, Observatorio Astronomico Nacional, Madrid, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Helsinki, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Laboratoire de Radiopathologie (LRP), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), foreign laboratories (FL), CERN [Genève], Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Instituto de Radio Astronomía Milimétrica, Departamento de Astrofisica [Madrid], Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Tarbes (ENIT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, CHU Tenon [APHP], Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

25. Herschel-HOBYS study of the earliest phases of high-mass star formation in NGC 6357

Author: Stefano Pezzuto, M. Figueira, D. Russeil, Pierre Didelon, Kazi L.J. Rygl, Annie Zavagno, Sylvain Bontemps, J. Di Francesco, Davide Elia, M. Benedettini, Nicola Schneider, G. J. White, Eugenio Schisano, Frédérique Motte, Vera Konyves, Ph. André, T. Nony, Luigi Spinoglio, Alexander Men'shchikov, L. D. Anderson, J. Tigé, Q. Nguyen Luong, ITA, GBR, FRA, CAN, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cologne, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2019, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Gravitational Wave Astronomy (CGWA), University of Texas Rio Grande Valley [Brownsville, TX] (UTRGV), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI), Okayama University [Okayama], NAOJ Chile Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Programme National de Physique Stellaire' (PNPS) and Programme 'Physique et Chime du Milieu Interstellaire' (PCMI) of CNRS/INSU, France, ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Okayama University
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, stars: formation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Star formation, F510, Population, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, F500, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, stars: massive, Spire, Stars, [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, High mass, Spectral energy distribution, Protostar, education, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Aims: To constrain models of high-mass star formation it is important to identify the massive dense cores (MDCs) that are able to form high-mass star(s). This is one of the purposes of the Herschel/HOBYS key programme. Here, we carry out the census and characterise of the properties of the MDCs population of the NGC 6357 H II region. Methods: Our study is based on the Herschel/PACS and SPIRE 70-500 μm images of NGC 6357 complemented with (sub-)millimetre and mid-infrared data. We followed the procedure established by the Herschel/HOBYS consortium to extract ~0.1 pc massive dense cores using the getsources software. We estimated their physical parameters (temperatures, masses, luminosities) from spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting. Results: We obtain a complete census of 23 massive dense cores, amongst which one is found to be IR-quiet and twelve are starless, representing very early stages of the star-formation process. Focussing on the starless MDCs, we have considered their evolutionary status, and suggest that only five of them are likely to form a high-mass star. Conclusions: We find that, contrarily to the case in NGC 6334, the NGC 6357 region does not exhibit any ridge or hub features that are believed to be crucial to the massive star formation process. This study adds support for an empirical model in which massive dense cores and protostars simultaneously accrete mass from the surrounding filaments. In addition, the massive star formation in NGC 6357 seems to have stopped and the hottest stars in Pismis 24 have disrupted the filaments. Full Table C1, Tables C2-C5, the reduced Herschel FITS images and the column density FITS image are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/625/A134 Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.
Published: 2019

26. Properties of the dense core population in Orion B as seen by the Herschel Gould Belt survey

Author: P. Didelon, Simon P. Goodwin, Vera Könyves, Stefano Pezzuto, Alexander Men'shchikov, Doris Arzoumanian, Glenn J. White, Ph. André, L. Spinoglio, Bilal Ladjelate, Yoshito Shimajiri, Andrea Bracco, Nicola Schneider, Derek Ward-Thompson, Kazi L.J. Rygl, J. Di Francesco, Sylvain Bontemps, Milena Benedettini, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CEREG (CEREG), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, FORMATION STELLAIRE 2019, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Antarctic Research a European Network for Astrophysics (ARENA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), School of Physics and Astronomy [Cardiff], Cardiff University, Engineering Department, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Nagoya University, Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), University of Cologne, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Astrophysique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), University of Sheffield [Sheffield], Istituto di Radioastronomia [Bologna] (IRA), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Support from the French national programs of CNRS/INSU on stellar and ISM physics (PNPS and PCMI)., ANR-11-BS56-0010,STARFICH,Vers une vision unifiée de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies : Origine de la structure filamentaire du milieu interstellaire, des cœurs pré-stellaires et des amas protostellaires vus avec Herschel(2011), ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), European Project: 267934,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2010-AdG_20100224,MISTIC(2011), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Milano] (INFN), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto di Radioastronomia (IRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ISM: structure, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, ISM: clouds, Protein filament, Core formation, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, education.field_of_study, stars: formation, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Core (optical fiber), Stars, Wavelength, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), ISM: individual objects: Orion B complex, submillimeter: ISM, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Dense core
Abstract: We present a detailed study of the Orion B clouds (d~400 pc), imaged with the PACS/SPIRE cameras at 70-500 $��$m by the Herschel Gould Belt survey (HGBS). We release new high-res. maps of column density and dust temperature. In the filamentary sub-regions NGC2023/2024, NGC2068/2071, and L1622, 1768 starless dense cores were identified, ~28-45% of which are self-gravitating prestellar cores. A total of 76 protostellar dense cores were also found. The typical lifetime of the prestellar cores was found to be $t_{\rm pre}=1.7_{-0.6}^{+0.8}$ Myr. The prestellar core mass function (CMF) peaks at ~0.5 $M_\odot$ and is consistent with a power law with log slope -1.27$\pm$0.24 at the high-mass end, compared to the Salpeter slope of -1.35. In this region, we confirm the existence of a transition in prestellar core formation efficiency (CFE) around a fiducial value A_V_bg~7 mag in background visual extinction, similar to the trend observed with Herschel in other clouds. This is not a sharp threshold, but a smooth transition between a regime with very low prestellar CFE at A_V_bg90% when a more complete sample of filamentary structures is considered. Interestingly, the median separation between nearest core neighbors corresponds to the typical inner filament width of ~0.1 pc commonly observed in nearby molecular clouds. Analysis of the CMF observed as a function of background cloud column density shows that the most massive prestellar cores are spatially segregated in the highest column density areas, and suggests that both higher- and lower-mass prestellar cores may form in denser filaments., In press in Astronomy and Astrophysics. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1507.05926
Published: 2019

27. Probing the cold magnetized Universe with SPICA-POL (B-BOP)

Author: André, Ph., Hughes, A., Guillet, Vincent, Boulanger, F., Bracco, A., Ntormousi, E., Arzoumanian, D., Maury, A. J., Bernard, J.-Ph., Bontemps, Sylvain, Ristorcelli, I., Girart, J. M., Motte, F., Tassis, K., Pantin, E., Montmerle, T., Johnstone, D., Gabici, S., Efstathiou, A., Basu, S., Béthermin, M., Beuther, H., Braine, J., Di Francesco, J., Falgarone, E., Ferrière, K., Fletcher, A., Galametz, M., Giard, M., Hennebelle, P., Jones, A., Kepley, A. A., Kwon, J., Lagache, Guilaine, Lesaffre, Pierre, Levrier, F., Li, D., Li, Z.-Y., Mao, S. A., Nakagawa, T., Onaka, T., Paladino, R., Peretto, N., Poglitsch, A., Reveret, V., Rodriguez, L., Sauvage, M., Soler, J. D., Spinoglio, L., Tabatabaei, F., Tritsis, A., van Der Tak, F., Ward-Thompson, D., Wiesemeyer, H., Ysard, N., Zhang, H., Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), FORMATION STELLAIRE 2019, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département d'Astrophysique, de physique des Particules, de physique Nucléaire et de l'Instrumentation Associée (DAPNIA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, BC V9E 2E7 Canada, Natl Res Council Canada, Herzberg Inst Astrophys, Victoria, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Groupement de Recherche et d'Etudes en Gestion à HEC (GREGH), Ecole des Hautes Etudes Commerciales (HEC Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, National Research Council of Canada (NRC), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yangzhou University, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Telespazio, Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Institut für Physik (Institut für Physik), Universität Potsdam, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche en Ingénierie des Systèmes, Mécanique et Energétique (PRISME), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Bourges (ENSI Bourges), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare [Milano] (INFN), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam
Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: SPICA, the cryogenic infrared space telescope recently pre-selected for a `Phase A' concept study as one of the three remaining candidates for ESA's fifth medium class (M5) mission, is foreseen to include a far-infrared polarimetric imager (SPICA-POL, now called B-BOP), which would offer a unique opportunity to resolve major issues in our understanding of the nearby, cold magnetized Universe. This paper presents an overview of the main science drivers for B-BOP, including high dynamic range polarimetric imaging of the cold interstellar medium (ISM) in both our Milky Way and nearby galaxies. Thanks to a cooled telescope, B-BOP will deliver wide-field 100-350 micron images of linearly polarized dust emission in Stokes Q and U with a resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and both intensity and spatial dynamic ranges comparable to those achieved by Herschel images of the cold ISM in total intensity (Stokes I). The B-BOP 200 micron images will also have a factor ~30 higher resolution than Planck polarization data. This will make B-BOP a unique tool for characterizing the statistical properties of the magnetized interstellar medium and probing the role of magnetic fields in the formation and evolution of the interstellar web of dusty molecular filaments giving birth to most stars in our Galaxy. B-BOP will also be a powerful instrument for studying the magnetism of nearby galaxies and testing galactic dynamo models, constraining the physics of dust grain alignment, informing the problem of the interaction of cosmic rays with molecular clouds, tracing magnetic fields in the inner layers of protoplanetary disks, and monitoring accretion bursts in embedded protostars., Comment: Accepted for publication in PASA; 37 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2019

28. The Herschel view of the dense core population in the Ophiuchus molecular cloud

Author: J. Di Francesco, P. Palmeirim, M. Benedettini, Andrea Bracco, Nicola Schneider, Vera Konyves, Frédérique Motte, Jason M. Kirk, Stefano Pezzuto, Y. Shimajiri, Ph. André, Alexander Men'shchikov, Doris Arzoumanian, A. Roy, E. Fiorellino, Derek Ward-Thompson, Bilal Ladjelate, Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Astrophysique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço (IASTRO), Kagoshima University, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), National Research Council of Canada (NRC), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Università degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata [Roma], Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, support from the French national programs of CNRS/INSU on stellar and ISM physics (PNPS and PCMI)., the Herschel Gould Belt Survey Team, ANR-11-BS56-0010,STARFICH,Vers une vision unifiée de la formation stellaire dans les galaxies : Origine de la structure filamentaire du milieu interstellaire, des cœurs pré-stellaires et des amas protostellaires vus avec Herschel(2011), ANR-16-CE92-0035,GENESIS,GENeration et Evolution des Structures du milieu InterStellaire(2016), European Project: 291294,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110209,ORISTARS(2012), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ISM: structure, Young stellar object, Continuum (design consultancy), Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics, ISM: clouds, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, education, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, education.field_of_study, stars: formation, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Ophiuchus, submillimeter: ISM, ISM: individual objects: Ophiuchus Complex, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Herschel observations of nearby clouds in the Gould Belt support a paradigm for low-mass star formation, starting with the generation of molecular filaments, followed by filament fragmentation, and the concentration of mass into self-gravitating prestellar cores. With the unique far-infrared and submillimeter continuum imaging capabilities of the Herschel Space observatory, the closeby (d = 139 pc) Ophiuchus cloud was mapped at five wavelengths from 70 ${\mu}m$ to 500 ${\mu}m$ with the aim of providing a complete census of dense cores in this region, including unbound starless cores, bound prestellar cores, and protostellar cores. Taking advantage of the high dynamic range and multi-wavelength nature of the Herschel data, we used the multi-scale decomposition algorithms getsources and getfilaments to identify a complete sample of dense cores and filaments in the cloud and study their properties. The densest clouds of the Ophiuchus complex, L1688 and L1689, which thus far are only indirectly described as filamentary regions owing to the spatial distribution of their young stellar objects (YSOs), are confirmed to be dominated by filamentary structures. The tight correlation observed between prestellar cores and filamentary structures in L1688 and L1689 supports the view that solar-type star formation occurs primarily in dense filaments. While the sub clouds of the complex show disparities, L1689 being less efficient than L1688 at forming stars when considering their total mass budgets, both sub clouds share almost the same prestellar core formation efficiency in dense molecular gas. We also find evidence in the Herschel data for a remarkable concentric geometrical configuration in L1688 which is dominated by up to three arc-like compression fronts and presumably created by shockwave events emanating from the Sco OB2 association, including the neighboring massive (O9V) star ${\sigma}$ Sco., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A
Published: 2020

29. Development of earthworm communities in a made soil at Hallside

Author: Butt, Kevin, Lowe, Christopher N., Hoeffner, Kevin, Quigg, Siobhan, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Briand, Valerie
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

30. Pathological human astroglia in Alzheimer's disease: opening new horizons with stem cell technology

Author: Alexei Verkhratsky, Govindan Dayanithi, Vicky Claire Jones, Lisa Mohamet, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), INSB, Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), and University of Manchester [Manchester]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Cellular pathology, induced pluripotent stem cells, Clinical Neurology, A990, Context (language use), Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Atrophy, astrocyte, protein S100B, medicine, Senile plaques, Induced pluripotent stem cell, business.industry, GFAP, astroglial atrophy, Alzheimer's disease, medicine.disease, astrogliopathology, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, glutamate transporter EAAT1, Neurology (clinical), Stem cell, business, Neuroscience, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Astrocyte
Abstract: International audience; Pathological remodeling, degeneration and reactivity of astrocytes are fundamental astrogliopathies contributing to all neurological diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders (including Alzheimer's disease [AD]) astroglia undergo complex changes that range from atrophy with loss of function to accumulation of reactive cells around disease-specific lesions (senile plaques in the case of AD). The cellular pathology of astroglia in the context of human AD remains enigmatic; mainly because of the severe limitations of animal models, which, although reproducing some pathological features of the disease, do not mimic its progression in full. Human-induced pluripotent stem cells technology creates a novel and potentially revolutionizing platform for studying fundamental mechanisms of the disease and for screening to identify new therapeutic compounds.
Published: 2018

31. The importance and direction of current and future plant-UV research

Author: Barnes, Paul W, Jansen, Marcel A.K., Jenkins, Gareth I, Vandenbussche, F., Brelsford, Craig C, Banaś, Agnieszka Katarzyna, Bilger, Wolfgang, Castagna, Antonella, Festi, Daniela, Gaberščik, Alenka, Germ, Mateja, Golob, Aleksandra, Llorens, Laura, Hauser, Marie-Theres, Martínez-Abaigar, Javier, Morales, Luis O, Neugart, Susanne, Pieristè, Marta, Rai, Neha, Ryan, Louise, Santin, Marco, Seddon, Alistair W.R., Stelzner, Jana, Tavridou, Eleni, Łabuz, Justyna, Robson, Thomas Matthew, Loyola University, New Orleans, School of Biological Earth, and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Institute for Molecular Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology [Helsinki], Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki-Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Botanical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Institute of Botany, Division of Systematics, Palynology and Geobotany, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat de Girona (UdG), Institute of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Department Plant Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Department of Agriculture - Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, University of Helsinki, and Pieristè, Marta
Subjects: [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

32. The Gaia-ESO Survey: matching chemodynamical simulations to observations of the Milky Way

Author: Grazina Tautvaisiene, P. Francois, G. G. Sacco, Andreas Korn, B. B. Thompson, P. Donati, Gianni Marconi, Thomas Masseron, A. C. Lanzafame, A. Hourihane, Brad K. Gibson, Carmela Lardo, B. A. Macfarlane, Jack Lewis, Aldo Serenelli, E. Franciosini, E. Pancino, Antonio Frasca, L. Morbidelli, Sergey E. Koposov, P. de Laverny, Clare Worley, Simone Zaggia, Paula Jofre, Gerard Gilmore, L. Prisinzano, Lorenzo Monaco, V. Hill, Laura Magrini, C. G. Few, Ulrike Heiter, Emilio J. Alfaro, Andrew R. Casey, M. T. Costado, S. G. Sousa, Maria Bergemann, Giovanni Carraro, Antonella Vallenari, Thomas Bensby, Sofia Randich, Amelia Bayo, A. Recio-Blanco, Jeremiah Horrocks Insitute, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Institute of Space Sciences [Barcelona] (ICE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Uppsala], Uppsala University, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Institut national de recherche et de sécurité (Vandoeuvre lès Nancy) (INRS ( Vandoeuvre lès Nancy)), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania (OACT), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna (OABO), Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto Ocenografico, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), European Research Council, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), European Commission, Swedish National Space Board, Leverhulme Trust, Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, European Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), German Research Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Australian Research Council, Gilmore, Gerard [0000-0003-4632-0213], Casey, Andrew [0000-0003-0174-0564], Worley, Clare [0000-0001-9310-2898], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Thompson B.B., Few C.G., Bergemann M., Gibson B.K., MacFarlane B.A., Serenelli A., Gilmore G., Randich S., Vallenari A., Alfaro E.J., Bensby T., Francois P., Korn A.J., Bayo A., Carraro G., Casey A.R., Costado M.T., Donati P., Franciosini E., Frasca A., Hourihane A., Jofre P., Hill V., Heiter U., Koposov S.E., Lanzafame A., Lardo C., de Laverny P., Lewis J., Magrini L., Marconi G., Masseron T., Monaco L., Morbidelli L., Pancino E., Prisinzano L., Recio-Blanco A., Sacco G., Sousa S.G., Tautvaisiene G., Worley C.C., and Zaggia S.
Subjects: Matching (statistics), Milky Way, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics, F500, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, methods: numerical, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: formation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Selection (genetic algorithm), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], numerical [Methods], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, galaxies: evolution - galaxies: formation, abundances [Galaxy], Astronomy and Astrophysics, Effective temperature, Surface gravity, evolution [Galaxies], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, formation [Galaxies], Galaxy, Galaxy: abundance, Galaxies: evolution, Galaxies: formation, Galaxy: abundances, Methods: numerical, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Survey data collection, methods: numerical - Galaxy: abundances, galaxies: evolution, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: The typical methodology for comparing simulated galaxies with observational surveys is usually to apply a spatial selection to the simulation to mimic the region of interest covered by a comparable observational survey sample. In this work, we compare this approach with a more sophisticated post-processing in which the observational uncertainties and selection effects (photometric, surface gravity and effective temperature) are taken into account. We compare a 'solar neighbourhood analogue' region in a model MilkyWay-like galaxy simulated with RAMSES-CH with fourth release Gaia-ESO survey data. We find that a simple spatial cut alone is insufficient and that the observational uncertainties must be accounted for in the comparison. This is particularly true when the scale of uncertainty is large compared to the dynamic range of the data, e.g. in our comparison, the [Mg/Fe] distribution is affected much more than the more accurately determined [Fe/H] distribution. Despite clear differences in the underlying distributions of elemental abundances between simulation and observation, incorporating scatter to our simulation results to mimic observational uncertainty produces reasonable agreement. The quite complete nature of the Gaia-ESO survey means that the selection function has minimal impact on the distribution of observed age and metal abundances but this would become increasingly more important for surveys with narrower selection functions.© 2017 The Author(s)., This is based on data products from observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 188.B-3002 (the Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey). We acknowledge the insightful comments and support provided by our colleagues Stefano Pasetto, Daisuke Kawata, Rob Thacker and Dimitris Stamatellos. We would thank the anonymous referee for a very constructive report of the work presented here. BBT acknowledges the support of STFC through its PhD Studentship Programme (ST/F007701/1). We also acknowledge the generous allocation of resources from the Partnership for Advanced Computing in Europe (PRACE) via the DEISA Extreme Computing Initiative (PRACE-3IP Project RI-312763 and PRACE-4IP Project 653838) and STFC's DiRAC Facility (COSMOS: Galactic Archaeology). CGF acknowledges funding from the European Research Council for the FP7 ERC starting grant project LOCALSTAR and the DiRAC Complexity system, operated by the University of Leicester IT Services, which forms part of the STFC DiRAC HPC Facility (www.dirac.ac.uk). This equipment is funded by BIS National E-Infrastructure capital grant ST/K000373/1 and STFC DiRAC Operations grant ST/K0003259/1. DiRAC is part of the National E-Infrastructure. Continued access to the University of Hull's High Performance Computing Facility ('viper'), the HPC facility at the University of Central Lancashire and the computational facilities at Saint Mary's University are likewise gratefully acknowledged. TB was funded by the project grant 'The New Milky Way' from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation. SGS acknowledges the support by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) (ref: UID/FIS/04434/2013 & PTDC/FIS-AST/7073/2014 & Investigador FCT contract of reference IF/00028/2014) through national funds and by FEDER through COMPETE2020 (ref: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007672 & POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016880). UH acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). The Gaia-ESO Survey data products have been processed by the Cambridge Astronomy Survey Unit (CASU) at the Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, and by the FLAMES/UVES reduction team at INAF/Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri. These data have been obtained from the Gaia-ESO Survey Data Archive, prepared and hosted by the Wide Field Astronomy Unit, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, which is funded by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council. This work was partly supported by the European Union FP7 programme through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF and Ministero dell' Istruzione, dell' Universita' e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant 'Premiale VLT 2012'. The results presented here benefit from discussions held during the Gaia-ESO workshops and conferences supported by the ESF (European Science Foundation) through the GREAT Research Network Programme. MTC acknowledge the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through grant AYA2013-40611-P. UH acknowledges support from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB/Rymdstyrelsen). This work was supported by Sonderforschungsbereich SFB 881 'The Milky Way System' (subprojects A5, C9) of the German Research Foundation (DFG). This work benefited from discussions at GNASH workshop, Victoria supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1430152 (JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements). ARC is supported by Australian Research Council Grant DP160100637
Published: 2018

33. Aporrectodea caliginosa, a relevant earthworm species for a posteriori pesticide risk assessment: current knowledge and recommendations for culture and experimental design

Author: Bart, Sylvain, Amosse, Joel, Lowe, Christopher Nathan, Mougin, Christian, Pery, Alexandre R. R., Pelosi, Celine, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, and University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN)
Subjects: Soil ecotoxicology, C150, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], C187, Breeding, Aporrectodea caliginosa, Agroecosystems, C180, Lumbricidae, Agroecotoxicology, Plant protection products
Abstract: Ecotoxicological tests with earthworms are widely used and are mandatory for the risk assessment of pesticides prior to registration and commercial use. The current model species for standardized tests is Eisenia fetida or Eisenia andrei. However, these species are absent from agricultural soils and often less sensitive to pesticides than other earthworm species found in mineral soils. To move towards a better assessment of pesticide effects on non-target organisms, there is a need to perform a posteriori tests using relevant species. The endogeic species Aporrectodea caliginosa (Savigny, 1826) is representative of cultivated fields in temperate regions and is suggested as a relevant model test species. After providing information on its taxonomy, biology, and ecology, we reviewed current knowledge concerning its sensitivity towards pesticides. Moreover, we highlighted research gaps and promising perspectives. Finally, advice and recommendations are given for the establishment of laboratory cultures and experiments using this soil-dwelling earthworm species.
Published: 2018

34. Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers

Author: Hollie S. Jones, Dominic Micklewright, Florentina J. Hettinga, Andrew Renfree, Benjamin Pageaux, Alexis R. Mauger, Jo Corbett, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences [University of Kent, Canterbury], University of Kent [Canterbury], School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science [University of Essex, Colchester], University of Essex, Colchester, Institute of Sport and Exercise Science [University of Worcester], University of Worcester, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), School of Psychology [University of Central Lancashire, Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] ( UCLAN ), Department of Sport and Exercise Science [University of Portsmouth], University of Portsmouth, and université de Bourgogne, CAPS
Subjects: Reductionism, training, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [ SDV.MHEP.PHY ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Brain, Cycling, Task (project management), Variety (cybernetics), Running, Keywords: pacing, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Isolation (psychology), Muscle, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], triathlon, Psychology, Exercise, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, performance, Fatigue, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The systems that ultimately limit performance of the task are hotly contested, and may depend on a variety of factors including the type of task, the environment, external influences, training status of the individual and a host of psychological constructs. These factors can be studied in isolation, or inclusively as a whole-body or integrative system. A reductionist approach has traditionally been favoured, leading to a greater understanding and emphasis on muscle and cardiovascular physiology, but the role of the brain and how this integrates multiple systems is gaining momentum. However, these differing approaches may have led to false dichotomy, and now with better understanding of both fields, there is a need to bring these perspectives together.
Published: 2017

35. Regulation of Endurance Performance: New Frontiers

Author: Benjamin Pageaux, Alexis R. Mauger, Andrew Renfree, Hollie S. Jones, Jo Corbett, Dominic Micklewright, Florentina J. Hettinga, School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Science [University of Essex, Colchester], University of Essex, Colchester, Institute of Sport and Exercise Science [University of Worcester], University of Worcester, Cognition, Action, et Plasticité Sensorimotrice [Dijon - U1093] ( CAPS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), School of Psychology [University of Central Lancashire, Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] ( UCLAN ), Department of Sport and Exercise Science [University of Portsmouth], University of Portsmouth, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences [University of Kent, Canterbury], and University of Kent [Canterbury]
Subjects: Operations research, Physiology, brain, B120, lcsh:Physiology, Task (project management), 03 medical and health sciences, recovery, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), sport performance, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, endurance, Reductionism, pacing, training, lcsh:QP1-981, exercise, 030229 sport sciences, decision-making, C600, Variety (cybernetics), C813, Editorial, [ SDV.NEU ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Isolation (psychology), fatigue, Psychology, Sports and Exercise Sciences, Cognitive psychology
Abstract: Successful endurance performance requires the integration of multiple physiological and psychological systems, working together to regulate exercise intensity in a way that will reduce time taken or increase work done. The systems that ultimately limit performance of the task are hotly contested, and may depend on a variety of factors including the type of task, the environment, external influences, training status of the individual and a host of psychological constructs. These factors can be studied in isolation, or inclusively as a whole-body or integrative system. A reductionist approach has traditionally been favored, leading to a greater understanding and emphasis on muscle and cardiovascular physiology, but the role of the brain and how this integrates multiple systems is gaining momentum. However, these differing approaches may have led to false dichotomy, and now with better understanding of both fields, there is a need to bring these perspectives together.
Published: 2017

36. Fast hyperspectral unmixing in presence of sparse multiple scattering nonlinearities

Author: Abderrahim Halimi, Jose M. Bioucas-Dias, Nicolas Dobigeon, Gerald S. Buller, Steve McLaughlin, School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN), School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Cantral Lancashire, Preston, IT-Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Heriot-Watt University (UNITED KINGDOM), Instituto de Telecomunicações - IT (PORTUGAL), Universidade de Lisboa - ULisboa (PORTUGAL), Instituto Superior Técnico - IST (Lisbon, Portugal), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Mathematical optimization, Computational complexity theory, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Bilinear interpolation, 02 engineering and technology, Collaborative sparse regression, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traitement des images, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Nonlinear unmixing, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, Mathematics, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, Mixture model, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Convex optimization, Nonlinear system, Hyperspectral imagery, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Algorithm design, Convex function, ADMM, Algorithm
Abstract: International audience; This paper presents a novel nonlinear hyperspectral mixture model and its associated supervised unmixing algorithm. The model assumes a linear mixing model corrupted by an additive term which accounts for multiple scattering nonlinearities (NL). The proposed model generalizes bilinear models by taking into account higher order interaction terms. The inference of the abundances and nonlinearity coefficients of this model is formulated as a convex optimization problem suitable for fast estimation algorithms. This formulation accounts for constraints such as the sum-to-one and nonnegativity of the abundances, the non-negativity of the nonlinearity coefficients, and the spatial sparseness of the residuals. The resulting convex problem is solved using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) whose convergence is ensured theoretically. The proposed mixture model and its unmixing algorithm are validated on both synthetic and real images showing competitive results regarding the quality of the inference and the computational complexity when compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Published: 2017

37. A seven-planet resonant chain in TRAPPIST-1

Author: Emmanuel Jehin, Simon L. Grimm, Y. Almleaky, Thomas Barclay, Michaël Gillon, Julien de Wit, Geert Barentsen, Pierre Magain, Susan M. Lederer, Adam J. Burgasser, Emeline Bolmont, Kevin Heng, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Brett M. Morris, Didier Queloz, Laetitia Delrez, Jérémy Leconte, James G. Ingalls, Catarina Silva Fernandes, Sean N. Raymond, Valérie Van Grootel, Marko Sestovic, Daniel Luke Holdsworth, Ethan Kruse, Rodrigo Luger, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Eric Agol, Martin Turbet, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Franck Selsis, Daniel C. Fabrycky, Steve B. Howell, Brice-Olivier Demory, University of Washington [Seattle], NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), University of Bern, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), University of Chicago, Université de Liège, Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences [La Jolla] (CASS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ECLIPSE 2017, Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), NASA Ames Research Center Cooperative for Research in Earth Science in Technology (ARC-CREST), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Bay Area Environmental Research Institute (BAER), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), King Abdulaziz University, Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), ANR-13-BS05-0003,MOJO,Modélisation du processus de croissance des planètes Joviennes/(2013), European Project: 647383,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,SPIRE(2015), European Project: 336480,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,SPECULOOS(2014), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: Rotation period, Dwarf star, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, F500, Astrophysics, Star (graph theory), 01 natural sciences, Earth radius, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Transit (astronomy), 10. No inequality, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Planetary system, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: The TRAPPIST-1 system is the first transiting planet system found orbiting an ultra-cool dwarf star. At least seven planets similar to Earth in radius and in mass were previously found to transit this host star. Subsequently, TRAPPIST-1 was observed as part of the K2 mission and, with these new data, we report the measurement of an 18.77 d orbital period for the outermost planet, TRAPPIST-1h, which was unconstrained until now. This value matches our theoretical expectations based on Laplace relations and places TRAPPIST-1h as the seventh member of a complex chain, with three-body resonances linking every member. We find that TRAPPIST-1h has a radius of 0.727 Earth radii and an equilibrium temperature of 173 K. We have also measured the rotational period of the star at 3.3 d and detected a number of flares consistent with a low-activity, middle-aged, late M dwarf., 42 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2017

38. Mechanisms of quinolone action and resistance: where do we stand?

Author: Gilberto Igrejas, Patrícia Poeta, Michel Hébraud, Susana Correia, José Luis Capelo, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (Portugal), Veterinary Science Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), PhD studentship SFRH/BD/75160/2010, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), European Social Fund, Ministry of Education and Science (MEC), FCT/MEC UID/Multi/04378/2013, ERDF POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007728, INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)
Subjects: DNA Topoisomerase IV, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Topoisomerase Inhibitors, Topoisomerase IV, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Drug resistance, Quinolones, Gene mutation, Microbiology, DNA gyrase, antibiotique, 03 medical and health sciences, Antibiotic resistance, Bacterial Proteins, quinolone, antibiotic, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, medicine, Humans, mécanisme, Genetics, Bacteria, biology, General Medicine, Quinolone, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, nucleic acid, mechanistic theory, DNA Gyrase, Mutation, biology.protein, DNA supercoil, Efflux, acide nucléique, Plasmids
Abstract: Quinolone antibiotics represent one of the most important classes of anti-infective agents and, although still clinically valuable, their use has been compromised by the increasing emergence of resistant strains, which has become a prevalent clinical problem. Quinolones act by inhibiting the activity of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV - two essential bacterial enzymes that modulate the chromosomal supercoiling required for critical nucleic acid processes. The acquisition of quinolone resistance is recognized to be multifactorial and complex. The main resistance mechanism consists of one or a combination of target-site gene mutations that alter the drug-binding affinity of target enzymes. However, other mechanisms such as mutations that lead to reduced intracellular drug concentrations, by either decreased uptake or increased efflux, and plasmid-encoded resistance genes producing either target protection proteins, drug-modifying enzymes or multidrug efflux pumps are known to contribute additively to quinolone resistance. The understanding of these different resistance mechanisms has improved significantly in recent years; however, many details remain to be clarified and the contribution of less-studied mechanisms still needs to be better elucidated in order to fully understand this phenotype.
Published: 2017

39. Increased fire frequency promotes stronger spatial genetic structure and natural selection at regional and local scales in Pinus halepensis Mill

Author: Katharina B. Budde, Mario Zabal-Aguirre, Elena Mosca, Giovanni G. Vendramin, Z. Lorenzo, Myriam Heuertz, Miguel Navascués, Juli G. Pausas, Concetta Burgarella, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Miguel Verdú, Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Spanish National Institute for Agriculture and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca, Research Council of Norway, Pausas, J. G., Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Pausas, J. G. [0000-0003-3533-5786], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Natural selection, Biodiversity, Spatial genetic structure, Plant Science, aleppo pine, Genetic diversity, Trees, biodiversité, pinus halepensis, education.field_of_study, changement climatique, biology, Ecology, Fire ecology, food and beverages, natural selection, genetic diversity, fire ecology, genêtic variation, diversité génétique, Genetic structure, forest fire, Demographic history, Climate Change, Population, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, écosystème, Fires, 03 medical and health sciences, incendie de forêt, Aleppo Pine, capacité d'adaptation, séquençage, Selection, Genetic, education, global change, ecosystem, Fire regime, fungi, Genetic Variation, Original Articles, 15. Life on land, Pinus, biology.organism_classification, demographic history, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 030104 developmental biology, Spain, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Microsatellite Repeats, spatial genetic structure
Abstract: Background and Aims The recurrence of wildfires is predicted to increase due to global climate change, resulting in severe impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Recurrent fires can drive plant adaptation and reduce genetic diversity; however, the underlying population genetic processes have not been studied in detail. In this study, the neutral and adaptive evolutionary effects of contrasting fire regimes were examined in the keystone tree species Pinus halepensis Mill. (Aleppo pine), a fire-adapted conifer. The genetic diversity, demographic history and spatial genetic structure were assessed at local (within-population) and regional scales for populations exposed to different crown fire frequencies. Methods Eight natural P. halepensis stands were sampled in the east of the Iberian Peninsula, five of them in a region exposed to frequent crown fires (HiFi) and three of them in an adjacent region with a low frequency of crown fires (LoFi). Samples were genotyped at nine neutral simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and at 251 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from coding regions, some of them potentially important for fire adaptation. Key Results Fire regime had no effects on genetic diversity or demographic history. Three high-differentiation outlier SNPs were identified between HiFi and LoFi stands, suggesting fire-related selection at the regional scale. At the local scale, fine-scale spatial genetic structure (SGS) was overall weak as expected for a wind-pollinated and wind-dispersed tree species. HiFi stands displayed a stronger SGS than LoFi stands at SNPs, which probably reflected the simultaneous post-fire recruitment of co-dispersed related seeds. SNPs with exceptionally strong SGS, a proxy for microenvironmental selection, were only reliably identified under the HiFi regime. Conclusions An increasing fire frequency as predicted due to global change can promote increased SGS with stronger family structures and alter natural selection in P. halepensis and in plants with similar life history traits., This work was supported by the following projects financed by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) VAMPIRO [CGL2008-05289-C02-01/02], LinkTree [EUI200-03713] under the ERAnet-BiodivERsA call, TREVOL [CGL2012-39938-C02-00/01] and AFFLORA [CGL2012-40129-C02-02], a PhD scholarship to K.B.B. [FPI: BES-2009-015443] and a ‘Ramón y Cajal’ fellowship [RYC2009-04537] to M.H. G.G.V. was also supported by the Italian MIUR project ‘Biodiversitalia’ [RBAP10A2T4]. M.H. acknowledges a Marie-Curie Intra-European fellowship [PIEF-GA-2012-329088] and research funding from the Research Council of Norway [203822/E40]
Published: 2017

40. Parasites and biological invasions: Predicting ecological alterations at levels from individual hosts to whole networks

Author: Médoc, Vincent, Firmat, Cyril, Sheath, D.J., Pegg, J., Andreou, D., Britton, J.R., Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), David A. Bohan, Alex J. Dumbrell, François Massol, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Biodiversité, Gènes et Communautés, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: topology, enemy release, food web, introduced parasites, stable isotopes, stability, connectance, interaction hôte parasite, réseau, isotope stable, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, quantitative networks, network analysis, topologie
Abstract: The network approach is increasingly used by food-web ecologists and ecological parasitologists and has shed light on how parasite–host assemblages are organized, as well as on the role of parasites on the structure and stability of food webs. With accelerating rates of nonnative parasites being introduced around the world, there is an increasing need to predict their ecological impacts and the network approach can be helpful in this regard. There is inherent complexity in parasite invasions as parasites are highly diverse in terms of taxa and life strategies. Furthermore, they may depend on their cointroduced host to successfully overcome some crucial steps in the invasion process. Free-living introduced species often experience enemy release during invasion, which reduces the number of introduced parasites. However, introduced parasites that successfully establish may alter the structure of the recipient network through various mechanisms including parasite spill-over and spill-back, and manipulative and nonmanipulative phenotypic alterations. Despite limited literature on biological invasions in infectious food webs, some outstanding methodological issues and the considerable knowledge gaps that remain, the network approach provides valuable insights on some challenging questions, such as the link between structure and invasibility by parasites. Additional empirical data and theoretical investigations are needed to go further and the predictive power of the network approach will be improved by incorporating weighted methods that are based on trophic data collected using quantitative methods, such as stable isotope analyses.
Published: 2017

41. Water abstraction impacts stream ecosystem functioning via wetted-channel contraction

Author: Arturo Elosegi, Olatz Pereda, Aingeru Martínez, Libe Solagaistua, Aitor Larrañaga, Miren Martínez-Santos, Maite Arroita, Lorea Flores, Estilita Ruiz-Romera, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, and This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER through the ABSTRACT CGL2012-35848 and SCARCE Consolider- Ingenio CSD2009-00065 projects and the Basque Government (7-CA-18/10).We also acknowledge financial support in terms of predoctoral grants from the Basque Government (M. Arroita) and the University of the Basque Country (O. Pereda, L. Solagaistua) and post-doctoral grant from the University of the Basque Country (A. Martinez).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Nutrient cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Aquatic Science, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Nutrient, aquatic ecosystem, Organic matter, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, cours d'eau, chemistry.chemical_classification, breakdown, cycle des nutriments, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, nutrient cycling, Plant litter, ecosystem service, écosystème aquatique, chemistry, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, Environmental science, Water quality, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, metabolism, water diversion
Abstract: International audience; 1. Water abstraction is rapidly increasing worldwide in order to respond to escalating demands for water, food and energy. Abstraction can alter the hydrological regime of streams and rivers, reduce in-stream habitats, change water quality and affect fluvial communities. It can also impair ecosystem functioning, although this aspect has been seldom assessed. 2. We experimentally tested the effect of water abstraction on stream functioning in a headwater mountain stream using a before and after control-impact (BACI) design. We quantified changes in water physicochemical properties, biofilm biomass and activity (exo-enzymes and metabolism), and ecosystem processes (nutrient cycling, organic matter retention and breakdown). 3. Water abstraction did not affect water physicochemical properties, but reduced the biomass and the alkaline phosphatase activity of biofilm per surface unit, the areal uptake of nutrients, and the travel distance of organic matter. It did not affect the biofilm metabolism and breakdown of submerged leaf litter, but decreased the total breakdown. 4. The impacts were larger when analysed per unit of channel length. All variables, except benthic chlorophyll-a, were significantly reduced by abstraction, due to the contraction of the wetted channel. 5. The decrease in the biomass and activity of biofilm, as well as in nutrient uptake and total organic matter breakdown observed in this study could increase nutrient concentration in downstream reaches and reduce the energy transfer to higher trophic levels. Ecosystem services of permanent headwater streams are likely to be compromised with the reduction of wetted-channel width.
Published: 2017

42. Effect of substrate choice and tissue type on tissue preparation for spectral histopathology by Raman microspectroscopy

Author: Hugh J. Byrne, Robert W. Lea, Charles Davis, Franck Bonnier, Katherine M. Ashton, Matthew J. Baker, David Michael Griffiths, Timothy Dawson, Leanne M. Fullwood, Centre for Materials Science, Division of Chemistry, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Lancashire Teaching Hospital, Focas Research Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes, EA 6295 (NMNS), Université de Tours, HEA, PRTLI Cycle 4 NBIPI, and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Analytical chemistry, Histopathology, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Neoplasms/pathology, Biochemistry, Tissue Preparation, Analytical Chemistry, symbols.namesake, Vibrational Spectroscopy, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Neoplasms, Diagnosis, [SDV.MHEP.AHA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Electrochemistry, medicine, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Hematoxylin, Raman, Spectroscopy, Aged, Cancer, Aged, 80 and over, Histocytological Preparation Techniques, Staining and Labeling, Histocytological Preparation Techniques/methods, Chemistry, Physics, Substrate (chemistry), Formalin fixed, Middle Aged, Reference Standards, Raman microspectroscopy, Clinical Practice, Waxes, symbols, Eosine Yellowish-(YS), Tissue type, Female, Substrate, Raman spectroscopy, Biomedical engineering
Abstract: International audience; Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive, non-invasive, rapid and economical technique which has the potential to be an excellent method for the diagnosis of cancer and understanding disease progression through retrospective studies of archived tissue samples. Historically, biobanks are generally comprised of formalin fixed paraffin preserved tissue and as a result these specimens are often used in spectroscopic research. Tissue in this state has to be dewaxed prior to Raman analysis to reduce paraffin contributions in the spectra. However, although the procedures are derived from histopathological clinical practice, the efficacy of the dewaxing procedures that are currently employed is questionable. Ineffective removal of paraffin results in corruption of the spectra and previous experiments have shown that the efficacy can depend on the dewaxing medium and processing time. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of commonly used spectroscopic substrates (CaF2, Spectrosil quartz and low-E slides) and the influence of different histological tissue types (normal, cancerous and metastatic) on tissue preparation and to assess their use for spectral histopathology. Results show that CaF2 followed by Spectrosil contribute the least to the spectral background. However, both substrates retain paraffin after dewaxing. Low-E substrates, which exhibit the most intense spectral background, do not retain wax and resulting spectra are not affected by paraffin peaks. We also show a disparity in paraffin retention depending upon the histological identity of the tissue with abnormal tissue retaining more paraffin than normal.
Published: 2014

43. Seven temperate terrestrial planets around the nearby ultracool dwarf star TRAPPIST-1

Author: Susan M. Lederer, Chris M. Copperwheat, Aleksander Chaushev, Katherine M. Deck, Matthew R. Burleigh, Enrico J. Kotze, Laetitia Delrez, James G. Ingalls, Emmanuel Jehin, Martin Turbet, Emeline Bolmont, Brice-Olivier Demory, Valérie Van Grootel, Jérémy Leconte, Sean Carey, Y. Almleaky, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Eric Agol, Adam J. Burgasser, Franck Selsis, Sean N. Raymond, Daniel Luke Holdsworth, Catarina S. Fernandes, Khalid Barkaoui, Julien de Wit, Zouhair Benkhaldoun, Michaël Gillon, Pierre Magain, Artem Burdanov, Didier Queloz, Institut d'Astrophysique et de Géophysique [Liège], Université de Liège, Institute of Astronomy [Cambridge], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Center for Space and Habitability (CSH), University of Bern, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Washington [Seattle], NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI), Caltech Department of Astronomy [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences [MIT, Cambridge] (EAPS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Spitzer Science Center, Namur Center for Complex Systems [Namur] (NaXys), Université de Namur [Namur], Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), ECLIPSE 2017, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA), Center for Astrophysics and Space Sciences [La Jolla] (CASS), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Department of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Astrophysics Research Institute [Liverpool] (ARI), Liverpool John Moores University (LJMU), Portuguese Hydrographic Institute, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), South African Astronomical Observatory, Faculty of Science [Saudi Arabia], King Abdul Aziz University (KAU), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), ANR-13-BS05-0003,MOJO,Modélisation du processus de croissance des planètes Joviennes/(2013), European Project: 336480,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-StG,SPECULOOS(2014), European Project: 647383,H2020,ERC-2014-CoG,SPIRE(2015), European Project: 34095,MOJO, Université de Namur [Namur] (UNamur), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Extraterrestrial Environment, General Science & Technology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], FOS: Physical sciences, Planets, F500, 01 natural sciences, Article, Astrobiology, Kepler-47, Stars, Celestial, Planet, 0103 physical sciences, Exobiology, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Kepler-62, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, QB, Physics, Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP), Multidisciplinary, 520 Astronomy, Temperature, Planetary mnemonic, Astronomy, Water, Planetary system, Stars, Exoplanet, 13. Climate action, astro-ph.EP, Celestial, Terrestrial planet, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Planetary mass, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract: One focus of modern astronomy is to detect temperate terrestrial exoplanets well-suited for atmospheric characterisation. A milestone was recently achieved with the detection of three Earth-sized planets transiting (i.e. passing in front of) a star just 8% the mass of the Sun 12 parsecs away. Indeed, the transiting configuration of these planets with the Jupiter-like size of their host star - named TRAPPIST-1 - makes possible in-depth studies of their atmospheric properties with current and future astronomical facilities. Here we report the results of an intensive photometric monitoring campaign of that star from the ground and with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Our observations reveal that at least seven planets with sizes and masses similar to the Earth revolve around TRAPPIST-1. The six inner planets form a near-resonant chain such that their orbital periods (1.51, 2.42, 4.04, 6.06, 9.21, 12.35 days) are near ratios of small integers. This architecture suggests that the planets formed farther from the star and migrated inward. The seven planets have equilibrium temperatures low enough to make possible liquid water on their surfaces., Comment: 27 pages
Published: 2016

44. Statistical Model of Shape Moments with Active Contour Evolution for Shape Detection and Segmentation

Author: Frédéric Precioso, Yan Zhang, Bogdan J. Matuszewski, Aymeric Histace, Advanced Digital and Signal Image Processing Group (ADSIP), University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), ICI, Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes (ETIS - UMR 8051), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l'Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia-Antipolis (I3S) / Equipe KEIA, Scalable and Pervasive softwARe and Knowledge Systems (Laboratoire I3S - SPARKS), Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Laboratoire d'Informatique, Signaux, et Systèmes de Sophia Antipolis (I3S), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), and ECSON
Subjects: H200, Statistics and Probability, I110, Feature vector, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Heat kernel signature, Modelling and Simulation, Active shape model, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mathematics, Active contour model, business.industry, Applied Mathematics, 020207 software engineering, Pattern recognition, Image segmentation, Condensed Matter Physics, Active appearance model, Point distribution model, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Computer Science::Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Modeling and Simulation, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Geometry and Topology, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Artificial intelligence, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Shape analysis (digital geometry)
Abstract: This paper describes a novel method for shape representation and robust image segmentation. The proposed method combines two well known methodologies, namely, statistical shape models and active contours implemented in level set framework. The shape detection is achieved by maximizing a posterior function that consists of a prior shape probability model and image likelihood function conditioned on shapes. The statistical shape model is built as a result of a learning process based on nonparametric probability estimation in a PCA reduced feature space formed by the Legendre moments of training silhouette images. A greedy strategy is applied to optimize the proposed cost function by iteratively evolving an implicit active contour in the image space and subsequent constrained optimization of the evolved shape in the reduced shape feature space. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate that the proposed method, contrary to many other active contour segmentation methods, is highly resilient to severe random and structural noise that could be present in the data.
Published: 2013

45. On-Orbit Degradation of Solar Instruments

Author: Vincenzo Andretta, Udo Schühle, D. Walton, C. Jeppesen, L. Bradley, Matthieu Kretzschmar, M. Dominique, Abdanour Irbah, Andrew R. Jones, Thomas N. Woods, B. Giordanengo, C. J. Eyles, Werner Schmutz, G. Del Zanna, Gregory J. Ucker, Frédéric Auchère, Francis G. Eparvier, Daniel B. Seaton, Daniel Stephen Brown, Leonid Didkovsky, Don Woodraska, Seth Wieman, Darrell L. Judge, Jean-Philippe Halain, David Berghmans, Mustapha Meftah, Thomas Foujols, S. Mekaoui, Gaël Cessateur, G. Thuillier, Steven Dewitte, I. E. Dammasch, Rachel Hock, D. Gillotay, B. Nicula, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Samuel Gissot, Ali BenMoussa, David Bolsee, Danielle Bewsher, D. R. McMullin, Solar-Terrestrial Centre of Excellence [Brussels] (STCE), Royal Observatory of Belgium [Brussels] (ROB), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics (DAMTP), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] (IRM), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics [Boulder] (LASP), University of Colorado [Boulder], Mullard Space Science Laboratory (MSSL), University College of London [London] (UCL), Grupo de Astronomia y Ciencias del Espacio (GACE), Laboratorio de Procesado de Imagenes [Valencia] (LPI), Universitat de València (UV)-Universitat de València (UV), Space Science and Technology Department [Didcot] (RAL Space), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)-Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte (OAC), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy / Institut d'Aéronomie Spatiale de Belgique (BIRA-IASB), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), University of Southern California (USC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Spatial de Liège (CSL), Université de Liège, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), United States Air Force (USAF), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Space Systems Research Corporation (SSRC), Physikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos/World Radiation Center (PMOD/WRC), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Institut Royal Météorologique de Belgique [Bruxelles] - Royal Meteorological Institute (IRM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)
Subjects: solar instruments, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, Solar mission, Space weather, Space (commercial competition), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Space exploration, Degradation, Contamination, Observatory, 0103 physical sciences, Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, business.industry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, con- tamination, calibration, space environment, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Orbit (dynamics), Environmental science, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Space environment, Degradation (telecommunications)
Abstract: International audience; We present the lessons learned about the degradation observed in several space solar missions, based on contributions at the Workshop about On-Orbit Degradation of Solar and Space Weather Instruments that took place at the Solar Terrestrial Centre of Excellence (Royal Observatory of Belgium) in Brussels on 3 May 2012. The aim of this workshop was to open discussions related to the degradation observed in Sun-observing instruments exposed to the effects of the space environment. This article summarizes the various lessons learned and offers recommendations to reduce or correct expected degradation with the goal of increasing the useful lifespan of future and ongoing space missions.
Published: 2013
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46. Bayesian joint estimation of the multifractality parameter of image patches using gamma Markov Random Field priors

Author: Herwig Wendt, Stephen McLaughlin, Yoann Altmann, Patrice Abry, S. Combrexelle, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN), School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Cantral Lancashire, Preston, CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - ENS de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Heriot-Watt University (UNITED KINGDOM), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Wavelet leaders, Bayesian probability, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Traitement des images, 010104 statistics & probability, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Prior probability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Gamma Markov random field, 0101 mathematics, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, Mathematics, Bayes estimator, Markov random field, business.industry, Estimator, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Statistical model, Pattern recognition, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, Bayesian estimation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Texture analysis, Multifractal analysis, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], Artificial intelligence, business, Smoothing
Abstract: International audience; Texture analysis can be embedded in the mathematical framework of multifractal (MF) analysis, enabling the study of the fluctuations in regularity of image intensity and providing practical tools for their assessment, wavelet leaders. A statistical model for leaders was proposed permitting Bayesian estimation of MF parameters for images yielding improved estimation quality over linear regression based estimation. This present work proposes an extension of this Bayesian model for patch-wise MF analysis of images. Classical MF analysis assumes space homogeneity of the MF properties whereas here we assume MF properties may change between texture elements and we do not know where the changes are located. This paper proposes a joint Bayesian model for patches formulated using spatially smoothing gamma Markov Random Field priors to counterbalance the increased statistical variability of estimates caused by small patch sizes. Numerical simulations based on synthetic multi-fractal images demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms previous formulations and standard estimators.
Published: 2016

47. Hi-GAL, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey: photometric maps and compact source catalogues First data release for the inner Milky Way:+68 degrees \textgreater= l \textgreater=-70 degrees

Author: MOLINARI, S., SCHISANO, E., ELIA, D., PESTALOZZI, M., TRAFICANTE, A., PEZZUTO, S., SWINYARD, B. M., NORIEGA-CRESPO, A., BALLY, J., MOORE, T. J. T., PLUME, R., ZAVAGNO, Annie, GIORGIO, A. M., LIU, S. J., PILBRATT, G. L., MOTTRAM, J. C., RUSSEIL, D., PIAZZO, L., VENEZIANI, M., BENEDETTINI, M., CALZOLETTI, L., FAUSTINI, F., NATOLI, P., PIACENTINI, F., MERELLO, M., PALMESE, A., DEL GRANDE, R., POLYCHRONI, D., RYG, K. L. J., POLENTA, G., BARLOW, M. J., BERNARD, J. -P., MARTIN, P. G., TESTI, L., ALI, B., ANDRÉ, P., BELTRAN, M. T., BILLOT, N., CAREY, S., CESARONI, R., COMPIÈGNE, M., EDEN, D., FUKUI, Y., GARCIA-LARIO, P., HOARE, M. G., HUANG, M., JONCAS, G., LIM, T. L., LORD, . D., MARTINAVARRO-ARMENGOL, S., MOTTE, F., PALADINI, R., PARADIS, D., PERETTO, N., ROBITAILLE, T., SCHILKE, P., SCHNEIDER, N., SCHULZ, B., SIBTHORPE, B., STRAFELLA, F., THOMPSON, M. A., UMANA, G., WARD-THOMPSON, D., WYROWSKI, F., INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali - INAF (IAPS), Faculty of Informatics [Lugano], Università della Svizzera italiana = University of Italian Switzerland (USI), Space Telescope Science Institute (STSci), Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Calgary], University of Calgary, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), École Nationale Supérieure d’Agronomie [Alger] (ENSA), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de RadioAstronomía Milimétrica (IRAM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d’Optique Atmosphérique - UMR 8518 (LOA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Astrophysics [Nagoya], Nagoya University, ISO Data Centre (ESA - Espagne), Herschel Science Centre (ESA Espagne), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Département d'Astrophysique (ex SAP) (DAP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Physikalisches Institut [Köln], Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], FORMATION STELLAIRE 2016, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Bordeaux [Pessac] (LAB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), AUTRES, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), European Space Agency (ESA), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Universität zu Köln, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille
Subjects: [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: International audience; Aims. We present the first public release of high-quality data products (DR1) from Hi-GAL, the Herschel infrared Galactic Plane Survey. Hi-GAL is the keystone of a suite of continuum Galactic plane surveys from the near-IR to the radio and covers five wavebands at 70, 160, 250, 350 and 500 mu m, encompassing the peak of the spectral energy distribution of cold dust for 8 less than or similar to T less than or similar to 50 K. This first Hi-GAL data release covers the inner Milky Way in the longitude range 68 degrees greater than or similar to l greater than or similar to -70 degrees in a vertical bar b vertical bar \textless= 1 degrees latitude strip. Methods. Photometric maps have been produced with the ROMAGAL pipeline, which optimally capitalizes on the excellent sensitivity and stability of the bolometer arrays of the Herschel PACS and SPIRE photometric cameras. It delivers images of exquisite quality and dynamical range, absolutely calibrated with Planck and IRAS, and recovers extended emission at all wavelengths and all spatial scales, from the point-spread function to the size of an entire 2 degrees x 2 degrees “tile” that is the unit observing block of the survey. The compact source catalogues were generated with the CuTEx algorithm, which was specifically developed to optimise source detection and extraction in the extreme conditions of intense and spatially varying background that are found in the Galactic plane in the thermal infrared. Results. Hi-GAL DR1 images are cirrus noise limited and reach the 1 sigma-rms predicted by the Herschel Time Estimators for parallel-mode observations at 60 `' s(-1) scanning speed in relatively low cirrus emission regions. Hi-GAL DR1 images will be accessible through a dedicated web-based image cutout service. The DR1 Compact Source Catalogues are delivered as single-band photometric lists containing, in addition to source position, peak, and integrated flux and source sizes, a variety of parameters useful to assess the quality and reliability of the extracted sources. Caveats and hints to help in this assessment are provided. Flux completeness limits in all bands are determined from extensive synthetic source experiments and greatly depend on the specific line of sight along the Galactic plane because the background strongly varies as a function of Galactic longitude. Hi-GAL DR1 catalogues contain 123210, 308509, 280685, 160972, and 85460 compact sources in the five bands.
Published: 2016

48. Bayesian multifractal analysis of multi-temporal images using smooth priors

Author: Stephen McLaughlin, S. Combrexelle, J.-Y. Toumeret, Patrice Abry, Herwig Wendt, Signal et Communications (IRIT-SC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Laboratoire de Physique de l'ENS Lyon (Phys-ENS), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston (UCLAN), School of Computing, Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Cantral Lancashire, Preston, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon - ENS de Lyon (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Heriot-Watt University (UNITED KINGDOM), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences - UCLAN (Edinburgh, Ecosse), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
Subjects: Multivariate image, Gaussian, Bayesian probability, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Bayesian inference, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 010104 statistics & probability, symbols.namesake, Traitement des images, Wavelet, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Prior probability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Traitement du signal et de l'image, Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, 0101 mathematics, Synthèse d'image et réalité virtuelle, Mathematics, Bayes estimator, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-CV]Computer Science [cs]/Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition [cs.CV], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Multifractal system, Vision par ordinateur et reconnaissance de formes, Intelligence artificielle, Bayesian estimation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Texture analysis, Multifractal analysis, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], symbols, Artificial intelligence, business, computer, Algorithm, Gaussian network model
Abstract: International audience; Texture analysis can be conducted within the mathematical framework of multifractal analysis (MFA) via the study of the regularity fluctuations of image amplitudes. Successfully used in various applications, however MFA remains limited to the independent analysis of single images while, in an increasing number of applications, data are multi-temporal. The present contribution addresses this limitation and introduces a Bayesian framework that enables the joint estimation of multifractal parameters for multi-temporal images. It builds on a recently proposed Gaussian model for wavelet leaders parameterized by the multifractal attributes of interest. A joint Bayesian model is formulated by assigning a Gaussian prior to the second derivatives of time evolution of the multifractal attributes associated with multi-temporal images. This Gaussian prior ensures that the multifractal parameters have a smooth temporal evolution. The associated Bayesian estimators are then approximated using a Hamiltonian Monte-Carlo algorithm. The benefits of the proposed procedure are illustrated on synthetic data.
Published: 2016

49. The impact of short periods of match congestion on injury risk and patterns in an elite football club

Author: Alan McCall, Gregory Dupont, Franck Le Gall, Christopher Carling, University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Edinburgh Napier University, Easy Global Market [Sophia-Antipolis], Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Sport, Santé, Société (URePSSS) - ULR 7369 - ULR 4488 (URePSSS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Lille-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille
Subjects: Male, 09 Engineering, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, 13 Education, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], C630, Poison control, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Football, Athletic Performance, Football club, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Injury prevention, Soccer, Medicine, Injury risk, Humans, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Football players, business.industry, Incidence, 030229 sport sciences, General Medicine, Return to Sport, Injury data, Athletic Injuries, Sprains and Strains, France, business, Sport Sciences, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: The effect of fixture congestion on injury rates and patterns has received scarce attention in elite football and existing investigations have not accounted for player rotation or examined the temporal distribution and potential cause of injuries.OBJECTIVE: To prospectively investigate the epidemiology of injury during short periods of fixture congestion in a professional football club.METHODS: Over a six-season period, exposure time and injury data were compared in the same players (n=25 (14 individuals)) when participating in two frequently occurring short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside these cycles. (1) two successive matches separated by an interval totalling ≤3 days calculated immediately from the end of play in match 1 to the beginning of play in match 2; (2) three successive matches separated by ≤4-day intervals starting the day immediately after each match.RESULTS: In two-match congestion cycles, incidence rate ratios (IRR) showed that there was a higher risk of injury in the final 15 min of play in the second match in comparison to match-play outside the cycles (IRR: 3.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 9.3), p=0.0400). A greater risk of injury overall (IRR: 2.0 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.8), p=0.0345) and in the first-half of play (2.6 (1.1 to 6,5), p=0.0386), and risk of ankle sprains (10.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 57.9), p=0.0068) and non-contact injuries due to a 'change in direction' (IRR: 7.8 (1.3 to 46.8), p=0.0243) were observed in the final match of three-match congestion cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles.CONCLUSIONS: Injury rates and patterns were affected in the same elite football players when competing in short congested fixture cycles in comparison to match-play outside the cycles.
Published: 2016

50. Surface structure of the Ag-In-(rare earth) complex intermetallics

Author: Joseph Smerdon, Thakur Prasad Yadav, Ronan McGrath, Ryuji Tamura, S.S. Hars, Hem Raj Sharma, A. Al-Mahboob, Julian Ledieu, Vincent Fournée, Department of Physics and Surface Science Research Centre, University of Liverpool, Jeremiah Horrocks Institute for Mathematics, Physics and Astronomy [Preston], University of Central Lancashire [Preston] (UCLAN), Banaras Hindu University [Varanasi] (BHU), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Tokyo University Sci. Dept. Sci. & Technol., and The University of Tokyo (UTokyo)
Subjects: Surface (mathematics), Materials science, Condensed matter physics, Plane (geometry), F300, Intermetallic, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Truncation (geometry), law.invention, Electron diffraction, law, 0103 physical sciences, Atom, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Scanning tunneling microscope, Facet, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; We present a study of the surface structure of the Ag-In-RE (RE: rare-earth elements Gd, Tb, and Yb) complex intermetallics using scanning tunneling microscopy and low-energy electron diffraction. The surface of the Ag-In-Yb approximant prepared by sputter-annealing methods under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions produces a flat (100) surface with no facets. However, the Ag-In-Gd and Ag-In-Tb 1/1 approximants, which have a surface miscut of about 12 • relative to the (100) plane, develop surface facets along various crystallographic directions. The structure of each facet can be explained as a truncation of the rhombic triacontahedral clusters, i.e., the main building blocks of these systems. Despite their differences in atomic structure, symmetry, and density, the facets show common features. The facet planes are In rich. The analysis of the nearest-neighbor atom distances suggests that In atoms form bonds with the RE atoms, which we suggest is a key factor that stabilizes even low-density facet planes.
Published: 2016

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