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1. Building, composing and experimenting complex spatial models with the GAMA platform

Author

Benoit Gaudou, Arnaud Grignard, Alexis Drogoul, Quang-Nghi Huynh, Nicolas Marilleau, Damien Philippon, Patrick Taillandier, Philippe Caillou, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Systèmes Multi-Agents Coopératifs (IRIT-SMAC), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité de modélisation mathématique et informatique des systèmes complexes [Bondy] (UMMISCO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Université de Yaoundé I-Sorbonne Université (SU), TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Modélisation et Simulation Informatique de systèmes complexes (MSI), IFI, Unité de Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées de Toulouse (MIAT INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Université de Yaoundé I-Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique - INRIA (FRANCE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement - IRD (FRANCE), Massachusetts Institute of Technology - MIT (USA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université des Sciences et des Technologies de Hanoi - USTH (VIETNAM), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Can Tho University - CTU ( VIETNAM), Université Paris-Sud 11 (FRANCE), Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique - LRI (Orsay, France), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université des Sciences Sociales (Toulouse 1), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Partenaires INRAE, medialab, Stellenbosch University, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of Hong Kong, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Institut de la francophonie pour l'informatique-Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD)-Université Gaston Bergé (Saint-Louis, Sénégal)-Universtié Yaoundé 1 [Cameroun]-Université Cadi Ayyad [Marrakech] (UCA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord])

Subjects
Modeling language, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Complex system, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Presentation, Software, Platform, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Dimension (data warehouse), Representation (mathematics), media_common, Focus (computing), Spatial simulation, business.industry, Modular design, Modélisation et simulation, Data science, Agent-based modeling, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, business, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience; The agent-based modeling approach is now used in many domains such as geography, ecology, or economy, and more generally to study (spatially explicit) socio-environmental systems where the heterogeneity of the actors and the numerous feedback loops between them requires a modular and incremental approach to modeling. One major reason of this success, besides this conceptual facility, can be found in the support provided by the development of increasingly powerful software platforms, which now allow modelers without a strong background in computer science to easily and quickly develop their own models. Another trend observed in the latest years is the development of much more descriptive and detailed models able not only to better represent complex systems, but also answer more intricate questions. In that respect, if all agent-based modeling platforms support the design of small to mid-size models, i.e. models with little heterogeneity between agents, simple representation of the environment, simple agent decision-making processes, etc., very few are adapted to the design of large-scale models. GAMA is one of the latter. It has been designed with the aim of supporting the writing (and composing) of fairly complex models, with a strong support of the spatial dimension, while guaranteeing non-computer scientists an easy access to high-level, otherwise complex, operations. This paper presents GAMA 1.8, the latest revision to date of the platform, with a focus on its modeling language and its capabilities to manage the spatial dimension of models. The capabilities of GAMA are illustrated by the presentation of applications that take advantage of its new features.

Published
2018
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2. Riparian plant litter quality increases with latitude

Author

Catherine M. Yule, Andrea Landeira-Dabarca, Ricardo J. Albariño, Markos A. Alexandrou, Alonso Ramírez, José F. Gonçalves, Julián Chará, Tomoya Iwata, Luz Boyero, Catherine M. Pringle, Jude M. Mathooko, Andrea C. Encalada, Alan M. Tonin, Eric Chauvet, Charles M'Erimba, Brendan G. McKie, Julie E. Helson, Mark O. Gessner, Leon A. Barmuta, Andrew J. M. Swafford, Checo Colón-Gaud, Javier Pérez, Tadeusz Fleituch, Ricardo Figueroa, André Frainer, Verónica Ferreira, Manuel A. S. Graça, David Dudgeon, Christopher M. Swan, Marcos Callisto, Alexander S. Flecker, Richard G. Pearson, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), Cornell University (USA), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), IKERBASQUE (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Monash University (MALAYSIA), Polish Academy of Sciences (POLAND), Technische Universität Berlin - TU Berlin (GERMANY), Universidad de Concepción - UDEC (CHILE), Umea University (SWEDEN), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea - EHU (SPAIN), University of Maryland (USA), University of Toronto (CANADA), University of Yamanashi (JAPAN), Centro para la investigaciòn en Sistemas Sostenibles de producciòn agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Egerton university (KENYA), Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries - IGB (GERMANY), Universidade de Brasília - UnB (BRAZIL), Universitetet i Tromsø – Norges arktiske universitet - UiT (NORWAY), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), University of Georgia - UGA (USA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ (ECUADOR), University of Tasmania (AUSTRALIA), University of California - UC Santa Barbara (USA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488, Biodiversité et Ecologie, lcsh:Medicine, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, nitrogen, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488, traits, Milieux et Changements globaux, lcsh:Science, Macroecology, Phylogeny, reproductive and urinary physiology, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Latitude, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Riparian plant litter, phylogenetic signal, Phosphorus, Plants, Plant litter, streams, stream ecology, Freshwater ecology, soil fauna, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, rain-forest, Riparian ecology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Phosphorus metabolism, Ciencias Biológicas, Rivers, Environmental factors, leaf litter nutrients and toughness, global patterns, Ecosystem, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], climate, Riparian zone, Ekologi, Ecologie, Environnement, organic matter cycling, Tropical Climate, geography, decomposition, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Detritivore, Tropics, 15. Life on land, tropical vs. temperate global assesment, Plant Leaves, Litter, lcsh:Q, nutrient resorption, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

Plant litter represents a major basal resource in streams, where its decomposition is partly regulated by litter traits. Litter-trait variation may determine the latitudinal gradient in decomposition in streams, which is mainly microbial in the tropics and detritivore-mediated at high latitudes. However, this hypothesis remains untested, as we lack information on large-scale trait variation for riparian litter. Variation cannot easily be inferred from existing leaf-trait databases, since nutrient resorption can cause traits of litter and green leaves to diverge. Here we present the first global-scale assessment of riparian litter quality by determining latitudinal variation (spanning 107°) in litter traits (nutrient

Published
2017
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3. Biotic and abiotic variables influencing plant litter breakdown in streams: a global study

Author

Verónica Ferreira, Catherine M. Pringle, Markos A. Alexandrou, Jude M. Mathooko, Andrea C. Encalada, Lavenia Ratnarajah, Bradley J. Cardinale, Andrew J. Boulton, Ricardo Figueroa, José Rincón, Javier Pérez, Tomoya Iwata, Marcelo S. Moretti, Richard G. Pearson, Catherine M. Yule, Charles M'Erimba, Luz Boyero, Tajang Jinggut, Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam, Eric Chauvet, Marcos Callisto, Andreas Bruder, Catherine Mathuriau, Julie E. Helson, Alonso Ramírez, David Dudgeon, Leon A. Barmuta, José F. Gonçalves, Russell G. Death, Alexander S. Flecker, Ricardo J. Albariño, Cang Hui, Mark O. Gessner, Manuel A. S. Graça, Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, James Cook University (JCU), Stellenbosch University, African Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UC Santa Barbara), University of California (UC), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Manonmaniam Sundaranar university (INDIA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), University of New England (UNE), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Cornell University [New York], Universidade de Brasilia [Brasília] (UnB), University of Toronto, Yamanashi University, Monash University [Malaysia], Egerton University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Universidad Vila Velha - UVV (BRAZIL), University of Georgia [USA], University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Universidad del Zulia (LUZ), Universidad del Azuay (UDA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), Cornell University (USA), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei - IGB (GERMANY), IKERBASQUE (SPAIN), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Massey University (NEW ZEALAND), Monash University (MALAYSIA), Technische Universität Berlin - TU Berlin (GERMANY), Universidad de Concepción - UDEC (CHILE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - UNAM (MEXICO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Universidad del País Vasco - Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea - EHU (SPAIN), University of Toronto (CANADA), University of Yamanashi (JAPAN), African Institute for Mathematical Sciences - AIMS (SOUTH AFRICA), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Egerton university (KENYA), Stellenbosch University - SU (SOUTH AFRICA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - ETHZ (SWITZERLAND), Universidade de Brasília - UnB (BRAZIL), Universidad del Azuay - UDA (ECUADOR), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), University of Georgia - UGA (USA), University of Michigan - U-M (USA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), University of New England - UNE (AUSTRALIA), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ (ECUADOR), University of Tasmania (AUSTRALIA), Universidad del Zulia - LUZ (VENEZUELA), University of California - UC Santa Barbara (USA), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV (BRAZIL), Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France), Basque Foundation for Science (Ikerbasque), Technische Universität Berlin (TU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), University of California, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Litter quality, Climate, Detritivore shredders, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater ecosystem, Alder, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Carbon Cycle, Rivers, Ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, Research Articles, Phylogeny, General Environmental Science, Abiotic component, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Decomposition, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, General Medicine, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Plants, biology.organism_classification, Latitudinal gradient, Biota, Alnus glutinosa, Biodegradation, Environmental, 13. Climate action, Litter, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Plant litter breakdown is a key ecological process in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Streams and rivers, in particular, contribute substantially to global carbon fluxes. However, there is little information available on the relative roles of different drivers of plant litter breakdown in fresh waters, particularly at large scales. We present a global-scale study of litter breakdown in streams to compare the roles of biotic, climatic and other environmental factors on breakdown rates. We conducted an experiment in 24 streams encompassing latitudes from 47.8° N to 42.8° S, using litter mixtures of local species differing in quality and phylogenetic diversity (PD), and alder ( Alnus glutinosa ) to control for variation in litter traits. Our models revealed that breakdown of alder was driven by climate, with some influence of pH, whereas variation in breakdown of litter mixtures was explained mainly by litter quality and PD. Effects of litter quality and PD and stream pH were more positive at higher temperatures, indicating that different mechanisms may operate at different latitudes. These results reflect global variability caused by multiple factors, but unexplained variance points to the need for expanded global-scale comparisons.

Published
2016
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4. Chronic toxicity of double-walled carbon nanotubes to three marine organisms: influence of different dispersion methods

Author

Shuk Han Cheng, Kenneth M.Y. Leung, Kevin W.H. Kwok, Jinping Cheng, Emmanuel Flahaut, Duke University [Durham], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), City University of Hong Kong (CHINA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Duke University (USA), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche et d'Ingénierie des Matériaux - CIRIMAT (Toulouse, France), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
Double walled, Sonication, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Biomedical Engineering, Medicine (miscellaneous), Marine Biology, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010501 environmental sciences, Development, Ecotoxicologie, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Toxicology, law, Animals, General Materials Science, Ecotoxicity, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Chronic toxicity, Marine environment, Nanomaterials, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Santé, biology, Nanotubes, Carbon, Population effect, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Micro et nanotechnologies/Microélectronique, Growth inhibition, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, 0210 nano-technology, Dispersion (chemistry), Copepod, Nuclear chemistry
Abstract

Aim: Double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) are found in a variety of consumer products, but there are no ecotoxicity data of DWNTs into marine organisms. Materials & methods: Chronic toxicity of DWNTs was investigated with the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana, copepod Tigriopus japonicus and medaka Oryzias melastigma. DWNTs were dispersed using sonication (so-DWNTs) and stirring (st-DWNTs) for comparison. Results: The median aggregation size (0.89 µm2) of so-DWNTs was smaller than that of st-DWNTs (21.8 µm2). Exposure to DWNTs led to growth inhibition of T. pseudonana with EC50s of 1.86 and 22.7 mg/l for so- and st-DWNTs, respectively. Population growth of T. japonicus was reduced to 0.1 mg/l for so-DWNTs and 10 mg/l for st-DWNTs. Growth inhibition in O. melastigma was observed at 10 mg/l for so-DWNTs but not for st-DWNTs. Conclusion: Given that so-DWNTs are consistently significantly more toxic than st-DWNTs, dispersion method and size of aggregations should be considered in DWNT toxicity testing.

Published
2010
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5. Latitudinal gradient of nestedness and its potential drivers in stream detritivores

Author

Luz Boyero, Eric Chauvet, Cang Hui, Christopher M. Swan, Marcos Callisto, José F. Gonçalves, Ana M. Chará-Serna, Andrea C. Encalada, Verónica Ferreira, Manuel A. S. Graça, Ricardo J. Albariño, Mark O. Gessner, Marcelo S. Moretti, Catherine M. Yule, Richard G. Pearson, David Dudgeon, Julie E. Helson, Brendan G. McKie, Aydeé Cornejo, Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam, Jude M. Mathooko, Julián Chará, Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain, James Cook University (JCU), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System, Stellenbosch University, Laboratorio de Fotobiología (Bariloche, Argentina), Manonmaniam Sundaranar university (INDIA), Laboratorio de ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Centro para la Investigacion en sistemas Sostenibles de Produccion Agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Centro de investigaciones y estudios en biodiversidad y recursos geneticos - CIEBREG (COLOMBIA), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud [Panamá], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei (IGB), Leibniz Association, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Laboratório de Limnologia (Brasilia, Brazil), University of Toronto, Egerton University, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratório de Ecologia de Insetos Aquáticos - LEIA (Vila Velha, Brazil), Monash University [Malaysia], Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin (TU), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud - ICGES (PANAMA), Leibniz-Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei - IGB (GERMANY), IKERBASQUE (SPAIN), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Monash University (MALAYSIA), Technische Universität Berlin - TU Berlin (GERMANY), University of Maryland (USA), University of Toronto (CANADA), Centro para la investigaciòn en Sistemas Sostenibles de producciòn agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Egerton university (KENYA), Stellenbosch University - SU (SOUTH AFRICA), Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet - SLU (SWEDEN), Universidade de Brasília - UnB (BRAZIL), University of British Columbia (CANADA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea - EHU (SPAIN), Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ (ECUADOR), Universidade Vila Velha - UVV (BRAZIL), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), and Laboratoire Ecologie fonctionnelle et Environnement - EcoLab (Toulouse, France)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Biodiversité et Ecologie, media_common.quotation_subject, stream detritivores, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Latitude, Ciencias Biológicas, Nestedness, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, media_common, Ecology, leaf litter dynamics, latitudinal gradients, Detritivore, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Ecología, Latitudinal gradient, 010601 ecology, Taxon, spatial nestedness, Stream detritivores, Biological dispersal, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, human activities, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

Understanding what mechanisms shape the diversity and composition of biological assemblages across broad-scale gradients is central to ecology. Litter-consuming detritivorous invertebrates in streams show an unusual diversity gradient, with a-diversity increasing towards high latitudes but no trend in g-diversity. We hypothesized this pattern to be related to shifts in nestedness and several ecological processes shaping their assemblages (dispersal, environmental filtering and competition). We tested this hypothesis, using a global dataset, by examining latitudinal trends in nestedness and several indicators of the above processes along the latitudinal gradient. Our results suggest that strong environmental filtering and low dispersal in the tropics lead to often species-poor local detritivore assemblages, nested in richer regional assemblages. At higher latitudes, dispersal becomes stronger, disrupting the nested assemblage structure and resulting in local assemblages that are generally more species-rich and non-nested subsets of the regional species pools. Our results provide evidence that mechanisms underlying assemblage composition and diversity of stream litter-consuming detritivores shift across latitudes, and provide an explanation for their unusual pattern of increasing a-diversity with latitude. When we repeated these analyses for whole invertebrate assemblages of leaf litter and for abundant taxa showing reverse or no diversity gradients we found no latitudinal patterns, suggesting that function-based rather than taxon-based analyses of assemblages may help elucidate the mechanisms behind diversity gradients. Fil: Boyero, Luz. Universidad del Pais Vasco; España. Basque Foundation for Science; España. Doñana Biological Station; España Fil: Pearson, Richard G.. James Cook University; Australia Fil: Swan, Christopher M.. University of Maryland; Estados Unidos Fil: Hui, Cang. University of Stellenbosch; Sudáfrica. African Inst.itute for Mathematical Sciences; Sudáfrica Fil: Albariño, Ricardo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Patagonia Norte. Instituto de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina Fil: Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy. Manonmainam Sundaranar University; India Fil: Callisto, Marcos. Universidade Federal do Minas Gerais; Brasil Fil: Chará, Julián. Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Chará Serna, Ana M.. Centro para la Investigación en Sistemas Sostenibles de Producción Agropecuaria; Colombia Fil: Chauvet, Eric. Universite de Toulose - Le Mirail; Francia Fil: Cornejo, Aydeé. Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud; Panamá Fil: Dudgeon, David. University of Hong Kong; China Fil: Encalada, Andrea C.. Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Ecuador Fil: Ferreira, Verónica. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Gessner, Mark O.. Leibniz - Institute Of Freshwater Ecology And Inland Fisheries; Alemania. Berlin Institute of Technology; Alemania Fil: Gonçalves Jr. , José F.. Universidade Do Brasilia; Brasil Fil: Graça, Manuel A. S.. Universidad de Coimbra; Portugal Fil: Helson, Julie E.. University Of Toronto; Canadá Fil: Mathooko, Jude M.. Egerton University; Canadá Fil: McKie, Brendan G.. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences; Suecia Fil: Moretti, Marcelo S.. University of Vila Velha; Brasil Fil: Yule, Catherine M.. Monash University; Australia

Published
2015
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6. Global patterns of distribution in stream detritivores: implications for biodiversity loss in changing climates

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, Richard G., Dudgeon, David, Ferreira, Verónica, Graça, Manuel A. S., Gessner, Mark O., Boulton, Andrew J., Chauvet, Eric, Yule, Catherine M., Albariño, Ricardo J., Ramírez, Alonso, Helson, Julie E., Callisto, Marcos, Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy, Chará, Julián, Figueroa, Ricardo, Mathooko, Jude M., Gonçalves, José F. Jr, Moretti, Marcelo S., Chará-Serna, Ana Marcela, Davies, Judy N., Encalada, Andrea, Lamothe, Sylvain, Buria, Leonardo M., Castela, José, Cornejo, Aydeé, Li, Aggie O. Y., M'Erimba, Charles, Villanueva, Verónica Díaz, Zúñiga, Maria Del Carmen, Swan, Christopher M., Barmuta, Leon A., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Monash University (MALAYSIA), Universidad de Concepción - UDEC (CHILE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Maryland (USA), University of Toronto (CANADA), Centro para la investigaciòn en Sistemas Sostenibles de producciòn agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Egerton university (KENYA), Manonmaniam Sundaranar university (INDIA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), University of New England - UNE (AUSTRALIA), Universidad de Panamà (PANAMA), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ (ECUADOR), University of Tasmania (AUSTRALIA), Marine and environmental research center - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), Ecosystem management (Armidale, Australia), Laboratory of limnology (Bariloche, Argentina), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Aquatic Systems Research Unit (Concepcion, Chile), Freshwater ecology group (Hobart, Tasmania), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Wetland ecology department (Seville, Espagne), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), James Cook University (JCU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Ecosystem Management, Armidale, University of New England (UNE), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Monash University [Malaysia], Laboratorio de Limnología [Bariloche], Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Institute for tropical ecosystem studies - ITES (San Juan, Puerto Rico), University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Department of biolological sciences (Toronto, Canada), University of Toronto, Laboratorio de ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences - SPKCES (Alwarkuruchi, India), Manonmainam Sundaranar university (INDIA, Centro para la Investigacion en sistemas Sostenibles de Produccion Agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Department of biological sciences [Egerton], Egerton University, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), University of Panama (PANAMA), Department of Geography and Environmental Systems [Baltimore], University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), James Cook university (AUSTRALIA), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Universidad de Concepción [Chile]

Subjects
[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecologie, Environnement, Diversity, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Guild, Leaf litter, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, respiratory system, Latitudinal gradient, Detritus, Shredders, Biodiversité, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Milieux et Changements globaux, human activities, Trophic diversity, Stream ecosystems, Species richness
Abstract

International audience; Aim. We tested the hypothesis that shredder detritivores, a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, are more diverse at higher latitudes, which has important ecological implications in the face of potential biodiversity losses that are expected as a result of climate change. We also explored the dependence of local shredder diversity on the regional species pool across latitudes, and examined the influence of environ- mental factors on shredder diversity. Location: World-wide (156 sites from 17 regions located in all inhabited continents at latitudes ranging from 67° N to 41° S). Methods: We used linear regression to examine the latitudinal variation in shredder diversity at different spatial scales: alpha (a), gamma (g) and beta (b) diversity. We also explored the effect of g-diversity on a-diversity across latitudes with regression analysis, and the possible influence of local environmental factors on shredder diversity with simple correlations. Results: Alpha diversity increased with latitude, while g- and b-diversity showed no clear latitudinal pattern. Temperate sites showed a linear relationship between g- and a-diversity; in contrast, tropical sites showed evidence of local species saturation, which may explain why the latitudinal gradient in a-diversity is not accompanied by a gradient in g-diversity. Alpha diversity was related to several local habitat characteristics, but g- and b-diversity were not related to any of the environmental factors measured. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that global patterns of shredder diversity are complex and depend on spatial scale. However, we can draw several conclusions that have important ecological implications. Alpha diversity is limited at tropical sites by local factors, implying a higher risk of loss of key species or the whole shredder guild (the latter implying the loss of trophic diversity). Even if regional species pools are not particularly species poor in the tropics, colonization from adjacent sites may be limited. Moreover, many shredder species belong to cool-adapted taxa that may be close to their thermal maxima in the tropics, which makes them more vulnerable to climate warming. Our results suggest that tropical streams require specific scientific attention and conservation efforts to prevent loss of shredder biodiversity and serious alteration of ecosystem processes.

Published
2012
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7. Global distribution of a key trophic guild contrasts with common latitudinal diversity patterns

Author

Catherine M. Yule, Catherine M. Pringle, Verónica Díaz Villanueva, Andrea C. Encalada, Leonardo Buria, David Dudgeon, Aggie O. Y. Li, Ana M. Chará-Serna, Julián Chará, Verónica Ferreira, Judy N. Davies, Aydeé Cornejo, Manuel A. S. Graça, Richard G. Pearson, Sylvain Lamothe, José F. Gonçalves, María del Carmen Zúñiga, Mark O. Gessner, Julie E. Helson, Marcos Callisto, Alonso Ramírez, Muthukumarasamy Arunachalam, Andrew J. Boulton, Ricardo J. Albariño, Luz Boyero, Eric Chauvet, Marcelo S. Moretti, Wetland ecology department (Seville, Espagne), Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), James Cook university (AUSTRALIA), James Cook University (JCU), The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Marine and environmental research centre - IMAR-CMA (Coimbra, Portugal), University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Department of Aquatic Ecology - (Dübendorf, Suisse), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), Institute for Integrative Biology [Zürich] (IBZ), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Laboratorio de Limnología [Bariloche], Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Monash University [Malaysia], Ecosystem Management, Armidale, University of New England (UNE), Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Sciences - SPKCES (Alwarkuruchi, India), Manonmainam Sundaranar university (INDIA, Laboratorio de ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute for tropical ecosystem studies - ITES (San Juan, Puerto Rico), University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Centro para la Investigacion en sistemas Sostenibles de Produccion Agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Centro de investigaciones y estudios en biodiversidad y recursos geneticos - CIEBREG (COLOMBIA), Department of biolological sciences (Toronto, Canada), University of Toronto, Grupo de investigaciones de entomologicas (Cali, Colombia), Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud [Panamá], University of Panama (PANAMA), University of Georgia [USA], Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud - ICGES (PANAMA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Toronto (CANADA), Centro para la investigaciòn en Sistemas Sostenibles de producciòn agropecuaria - CIPAV (COLOMBIA), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Manonmaniam Sundaranar university (INDIA), Monash University (AUSTRALIA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - ETHZ (SWITZERLAND), Universidad del Valle (COLOMBIA), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), University of Georgia - UGA (USA), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), University of New England - UNE (AUSTRALIA), Universidad de Panamà (PANAMA), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), Universidad San Francisco de Quito - USFQ (ECUADOR), Laboratory of limnology (Bariloche, Argentina), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Leaf litter quality, Food Chain, Global distribution pattern, Biodiversité et Ecologie, Latitudinal diversity gradient, Shredder detritivores, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Decomposer, Abundance (ecology), Animals, Ecosystem, Ecosystem diversity, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Demography, Trophic level, Ecologie, Environnement, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biodiversity, Feeding Behavior, 15. Life on land, Plant litter, Invertebrates, 13. Climate action, Guild, Alpha diversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Stream ecosystems, Leaf litter quality – Shredder detritivores
Abstract

Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We explored global diversity patterns of a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, the detritivore shredders. This was motivated by the fundamental ecological role of shredders as decomposers of leaf litter and by some records pointing to low shredder diversity and abundance in the tropics, which contrasts with diversity patterns of most major taxa for which broad-scale latitudinal patterns haven been examined. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that shredders are more abundant and diverse in temperate than in tropical streams, and that this pattern is related to the higher temperatures and lower availability of high-quality leaf litter in the tropics. Our comprehensive global survey (129 stream sites from 14 regions on six continents) corroborated the expectedlatitudinal pattern and showed that shredder distribution (abundance, diversity and assemblage composition) was explained by a combination of factors, including water temperature (some taxa were restricted to cool waters) and biogeography (some taxa were more diverse in particular biogeographic realms). In contrast to our hypothesis, shredder diversity was unrelated to leaf toughness, but it was inversely related to litter diversity. Our findings markedly contrast with global trends of diversity for most taxa, and with the general rule of higher consumer diversity at higher levels of resource diversity. Moreover, they highlight the emerging role of temperature in understanding global patterns of diversity, which is of great relevance in the face of projected global warming. © 2011 by the Ecological Society of America.

Published
2011
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8. A global experiment suggests climate warming will not accelerate litter decomposition in streams but might reduce carbon sequestration

Author

Boyero, Luz, Pearson, Richard G., Gessner, Mark O., Barmuta, Leon A., Ferreira, Verónica, Graça, Manuel A. S., Dudgeon, David, Boulton, Andrew J., Callisto, Marcos, Chauvet, Eric, Helson, Julie E., Bruder, Andreas, Albariño, Ricardo J., Yule, Catherine M., Arunachalam, Muthukumarasamy, Davies, Judy N., Figueroa, Ricardo, Flecker, Alexander S., Ramírez, Alonso, Death, Russell G., Iwata, Tomoya, Mathooko, Jude M., Mathuriau, Catherine, Gonçalves, José F. Jr, Moretti, Marcelo S., Jinggut, Tajang, Lamothe, Sylvain, M'Erimba, Charles, Ratnarajah, Lavenia, Schindler, Markus, Castela, José, Buria, Leonardo M., Cornejo, Aydeé, Villanueva, Verónica Díaz, West, Derek C., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - CSIC (SPAIN), Universidade de Coimbra (PORTUGAL), Cornell University (USA), University of Hong Kong - HKU (CHINA), Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud - ICGES (PANAMA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), James Cook University - JCU (AUSTRALIA), Massey University (NEW ZEALAND), Monash University (MALAYSIA), Universidad de Concepción - UDEC (CHILE), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México - UNAM (MEXICO), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Toronto (CANADA), University of Yamanashi (JAPAN), Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology - EAWAG (SWITZERLAND), Egerton university (KENYA), Manonmaniam Sundaranar university (INDIA), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - ETHZ (SWITZERLAND), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG (BRAZIL), Universidad Nacional del Comahue (ARGENTINA), University of New England - UNE (AUSTRALIA), Universidad de Panamà (PANAMA), Universidad de Puerto Rico - UPR (PUERTO RICO), University of Tasmania (AUSTRALIA), Laboratorio de Ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), James Cook University (JCU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Swiss Federal Insitute of Aquatic Science and Technology [Dübendorf] (EAWAG), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of New England (UNE), Laboratorio de ecologia de Bentos (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais [Belo Horizonte] (UFMG), Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Toronto, Laboratorio de Limnología [Bariloche], Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), Monash University [Malaysia], Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Cornell University [New York], University of Puerto Rico (UPR), Massey University, Yamanashi University, Egerton University, Universidad de Panamá, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Ecologie, Environnement, Carbon Sequestration, Litter decomposition, Temperature, Fresh Water, Carbon cycle, Carbon Dioxide, Plants, Latitudinal gradient, Plant Leaves, Streams, Climate change, Detritivores, Microbial decomposers, [SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Bioclimatology, Ecosystem, Global analysis
Abstract

International audience; The decomposition of plant litter is one of the most important ecosystem processes in the biosphere and is particularly sensitive to climate warming. Aquatic ecosystems are well suited to studying warming effects on decomposition because the otherwise confounding influence of moisture is constant. By using a latitudinal temperature gradient in an unprecedented global experiment in streams, we found that climate warming will likely hasten microbial litter decomposition and produce an equivalent decline in detritivore-mediated decomposition rates. As a result, overall decomposition rates should remain unchanged. Nevertheless, the process would be profoundly altered, because the shift in importance from detritivores to microbes in warm climates would likely increase CO2 production and decrease the generation and sequestration of recalcitrant organic particles. In view of recent estimates showing that inland waters are a significant component of the global carbon cycle, this implies consequences for global biogeochemistry and a possible positive climate feedback.

Published
2011
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