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目的 平成16年に開発された妊娠リスクスコア自己評価表(以下,スコア)を用いて診療所で出産した女性の得点を算出し,リスクレベルの傾向とスコアの特徴,分娩帰結との関連を検討する.方法 対象はA診療所で平成20年1月～ 12月に分娩し協力が得られた124名である.診療録よりスコアの評価項目と分娩帰結の情報を収集し,スコアA(初診時評価点)とスコアB(妊娠後半期評価点),合計スコア(スコアAとスコアBの総合得点)を算出した.次に,スコアA,スコアB,合計スコアそれぞれについて早産,分娩時異常出血(1,000ml以上),低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開分娩の5項目と低リスク群(0-1点)・中リスク群(2-3点)・高リスク群(4点以上)間の関連をみた.結果 平均年齢30.5±3.45歳,初産婦4割,経産婦6割であった.スコア別リスク群別割合は,スコアAで1点が37.9%と最も多く,低リスク群が半数(58.9%)を占めた.スコアBでは0点が80.6%と最も多く,同群が8割以上(83.1%)を占めた.合計スコアをみると中・高リスク群合わせて全体の50.1%を占めた.分娩帰結に異常がなかった事例は全体の78.2%で,うち診療所が単独で扱えない中・高リスク群は37.1%であった.一方早産,分娩時異常出血,低出生体重児,吸引分娩,帝王切開の帰結をとった事例は全体の21.8%あり,うち低リスク群は3.2%(4件)あった.スコアBで加点された事例を概観すると分娩帰結に大きな影響を及ぼす事例であった.χ2独立性の検定の結果,特に,Bスコアで骨盤位,IUGR,低位胎盤,双胎により2点以上の得点が付いた場合と,帝王切開や低出生体重児である傾向に関連があった.結論 1.スコアAは容易に加点されるが分娩帰結に影響を与える項目は少なく,スコアBは容易に加点されないが加点されると分娩帰結に直結する項目が多かった.2.妊産婦らが忠実にスコアの評価基準を守れば,約半数が二次・三次医療施設での健診・分娩が適切であると判断される.3.リスク得点が分娩帰結を反映していない事例が一部存在した.4.妊婦の後半期の評価において2点以上のリスク得点が付く場合には,帝王切開と低出生体重児などの異常帰結を取る傾向があり,スコアBの有用性が示唆された., Aim To use the pregnancy risk score self-assessment form developed in 2004 to examine the relationship between the risk level of women who delivered at a clinic and the birth result.Method The subjects were 124 women who gave birth from January～December 2008 at Clinic A and from whom consent was obtained.Birth results and scored items were collected from medical records to calculate Score A(first medical examination),Score B(latter half of pregnancy),and the Total Score(A and B).Next, with regard to each score,correlations were sought between five items(premature delivery,intrapartum abnormal bleeding(1,000ml or more),low birth weight infant,vacuum extraction and caesarean delivery) and the low(0-1 points),intermediate(2-3 points)and high(4 or more points)risk groups. Results Subjects' mean age was 30.5±3.45 years with 40% primipara and 60% multipara.Inspection showed a correlation tending toward caesarean section(r=0.506)or low birth weight infant(r=0.409),particularly when two or more points were assigned for breech presentation, IUGR,low lying placenta or twin fetus to Score B. Conclusion When two or more points were assigned to the risk score during the latter half of pregnancy, there was a tendency toward caesarean operation,lower birth weight infant or other abnormal results, suggesting the utility of Score B.

International audience; A wide range of data types can be used to delimit species and various computer-based tools dedicated to this task are now available. Although these formalized approaches have significantly contributed to increase the objectivity of species delimitation (SD) under different assumptions, they are not routinely used by alpha-taxonomists. One obvious shortcoming is the lack of interoperability among the various independently developed SD programs. Given the frequent incongruences between species partitions inferred by different SD approaches, researchers applying these methods often seek to compare these alternative species partitions to evaluate the robustness of the species boundaries. This procedure is excessively time consuming at present, and the lack of a standard format for species partitions is a major obstacle. Here, we propose a standardized format, SPART, to enable compatibility between different SD tools exporting or importing partitions. This format reports the partitions and describes, for each of them, the assignment of individuals to the “inferred species”. The syntax also allows support values to be optionally reported, as well as original trees and the full command lines used in the respective SD analyses. Two variants of this format are proposed, overall using the same terminology but presenting the data either optimized for human readability (matricial SPART) or in a format in which each partition forms a separate block (SPART.XML). ABGD, DELINEATE, GMYC, PTP and TR2 have already been adapted to output SPART files and a new version of LIMES has been developed to import, export, merge and split them.

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., Background: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is characterized by the type 1 Brugada ECG pattern. Pathogenic rare variants in SCN5A (mutations) are identified in 20% of BrS families in whom incomplete penetrance and genotype-negative phenotype-positive individuals are observed. E1784K-SCN5A is the most common SCN5A mutation identified. We determined the association of a BrS genetic risk score (BrS-GRS) and SCN5A mutation type on BrS phenotype in BrS families with SCN5A mutations. Methods: Subjects with a spontaneous type 1 pattern or positive/negative drug challenge from cohorts harboring SCN5A mutations were recruited from 16 centers (n=312). Single nucleotide polymorphisms previously associated with BrS at genome-wide significance were studied in both cohorts: rs11708996, rs10428132, and rs9388451. An additive linear genetic model for the BrS-GRS was assumed (6 single nucleotide polymorphism risk alleles). Results: In the total population (n=312), BrS-GRS ≥4 risk alleles yielded an odds ratio of 4.15 for BrS phenotype ([95% CI, 1.45–11.85]; P=0.0078). Among SCN5A-positive individuals (n=258), BrS-GRS ≥4 risk alleles yielded an odds ratio of 2.35 ([95% CI, 0.89–6.22]; P=0.0846). In SCN5A-negative relatives (n=54), BrS-GRS ≥4 alleles yielded an odds ratio of 22.29 ([95% CI, 1.84–269.30]; P=0.0146). Among E1784K-SCN5A positive family members (n=79), hosting ≥4 risk alleles gave an odds ratio=5.12 ([95% CI, 1.93–13.62]; P=0.0011). Conclusions: Common genetic variation is associated with variable expressivity of BrS phenotype in SCN5A families, explaining in part incomplete penetrance and genotype-negative phenotype-positive individuals. SCN5A mutation genotype and a BrS-GRS associate with BrS phenotype, but the strength of association varies according to presence of a SCN5A mutation and severity of loss of function.

International audience; We report the first quantitative study on the variabil-ity of Venus’ cloud albedo at 365 nm using data ac-quired by four independent space-based instruments.We show a factor of 2 albedo variation had been oc-curred in the past decade. This is sufficient amount toalter solar heating rate at the cloud top level, whichconsequently can affect atmospheric dynamics, i.e.,zonal winds near the cloud top level

著者人数: 19名, Accepted: 2019-07-09, 資料番号: SA1190051000

International audience

International audience; Measuring the fracture toughness (KIc) of glasses still remains a difficult task, raising experimental and theoretical problems as well. The available methods to estimate KIc are reviewed, with emphasis on their respective advantages and drawbacks. In view of our current understanding, this analysis gives precedence to the SEPB method. The ultimate glass strength, the critical flaw size, and the indentation load for the onset of crack initiation are discussed, in the light of the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and classical background regarding the mechanics of brittle materials. Analytical expressions were further proposed to predict the fracture energy and fracture toughness of glasses from different chemical systems from their nominal compositions. The theoretical values were compared with the experimental ones, as obtained by self-consistent methods when available. The agreement observed in most cases suggests that measured KIc values correspond to the crack propagation regime (as opposed to the crack initiation threshold), and supports previous investigations in glasses and ceramics, which showed that a crack tip is nearly atomically sharp in these materials (but for metallic glasses). Some ideas to design tougher glasses are finally presented.

背景 小児看護領域において, 子どもの権利条約の批准後, プレパレーションの概念が広まった. しかし, 小児専門病院の看護師に比べ, 総合病院の看護師のプレパレーションの認識は低く, プレパレーションの実践の普及がされていない実態がある. さらに, 採血を受ける子どもに関する研究は多いが, 自己の思考により物事をみることができない発達段階である2歳未満の年少の子どもを対象とした研究は少ない. 目的 採血を受ける1歳の子どもとその親への援助内容を明らかにする. 方法 全国の小児外来を標榜する総合病院131施設の外来に勤務する看護師のうち, 子どもの採血に関わる786名を対象に質問紙調査を行い, 自由記述の内容を分析しカテゴリー化した. 結果および考察 282名 (回収率35.8%) から回答が得られた. 看護師のプレパレーションの認知は, 知っている51.1%, 知らない45.0%であり先行研究より認識が高まっていた. しかし, 親の付き添いがないと回答した看護師は66.5%であり, さらに子どもの姿勢は寝かされ, 身体の抑制を受けながら採血を受けていたことが明らかとなった. 自由記述の内容分析では, 1歳の子どもと親への援助内容から看護師は, 子どもの発達段階に応じた援助ができていたが, 親が付き添う採血のケアモデル提示が少ないことが明らかとなった. 結論 看護師が, 1歳の子どもの発達段階に応じた援助を行うために, 子どもの権利およびプレパレーションの概念を学習する機会の提供が必要である. さらに, 親が付き添う採血のケアモデルの提示をする必要があることが示唆された., Background Nurses' awareness of preparation at general hospitals is lower than that of nurses at specialist pediatric clinics, which has impeded the spread of preparation being put into practice throughout Japan. Although many studies have investigated children undergoing blood collection, few have examined young subjects aged less than two years.Objective This study aimed to clarify the state of blood collections conducted on one-year-old patients and support offered to parents.Methods A questionnaire survey targeting 786 outpatient nurses who routinely collected blood from pediatric patients at 131 general hospital facilities nationwide was conducted. Free comments were analyzed and content was categorized.Results/Discussion Answers were received from 282 nurses (recovery rate: 35.8%). It was found that nurses' awareness of preparation had increased from that reported in previous studies to 51.1%. However, 66.5% of nurses reported that parents did not accompany children during blood collection. Analysis of free comments revealed that although nurses were offering parents support in accordance with children's developmental stage, few care models incorporating parental attendance during blood collection had been presented.Conclusions Opportunities to study the concepts of child rights and preparation need to be provided so that nurses can give support in accordance with the developmental stage of one-year-old children undergoing blood collection. Results also suggested that a care model incorporating parental attendance during blood collection needs to be presented.

背景 子どもの権利条約において親からの分離の禁止"が謳われているが,子どもの採血場面では親が付き添う施設は少ない現状である.採血場面に親が付き添い親の助けを受けた子どもは,安心を得ることができ,親の支援を受けながら自分なりの方法で採血に立ち向かうことができる.しかし,これらはほとんどが幼児後期の子どもが対象であり,親の存在の意義が大きい幼児前期の子どもを対象とした研究は少ない.目的 幼児前期の子どもの採血場面に,母親が付き添った場合の子どもの対処行動を明らかにすることを目的とする.方法 幼児前期の子どもに,母親が付き添った場合の行動をビデオ撮影し,採血終了後,母親へ半構成的面接を行った.結果 採血前は【緊張を高める】,【周囲を確認する】,【抵抗する】,【誘導に従う】,【安心を求める】,【覚悟する】の6カテゴリーと10サブカテゴリー,採血中は【緊張の持続】,【苦痛を表現する】,【誘導に従う】,【終了を予測する】,【安心を求める】,【進行を確認する】の6カテゴリーと11サブカテゴリー,採血後は【終了を確認する】,【緊張がとける】,【満足感を得る】の3カテゴリーと7サブカテゴリーが抽出された.結論 母親が付き添った場合の幼児前期の子どもの対処行動は,採血の経過をイメージすることができないため,母親が主体的に身体的接触を持ち,具体的な対処行動を示すことで見通しを得ることができる.また母親からの賞賛は,子どもの採血に対する緊張感を早期に解くことができる., Background In the "Convention on the Rights of the Child," it is prohibited to separate the child from his/her parent,but the reality is that there are few facilities where the parent is in attendance when a child's blood is being sampled.Children whose parents are in attendance and who receive support from their parent are able to feel secure and endure the blood sampling in their own way.However,this usually applies to children in late infancy, and there are few studies regarding early infancy where the parent's presence is of great significance. Objective The objective was to clarify the coping behavior of children in early infancy when the mother was in attendance during blood sampling. Methods We recorded video footage of children in early infancy whose mothers were in attendance during blood sampling and then held semi-structured interviews with the mothers. Results/Discussion Before blood sampling,6 categories including [increase in tension],[checking surroundings],[resisting],[following instructions],[desiring security],[being prepared] in addition to 10 subcategories were extracted.During blood sampling,6 categories including [continued tension],[expressing pain],[following instructions],[anticipating completion],[desiring comfort],[checking progress] in addition to 11 subcategories were extracted.After blood sampling 3 categories including [verifying completion],[relief of tension],[feeling satisfied] in addition to 7 subcategories were extracted. Conclusions In the coping behavior of children in early infancy whose mother is in attendance,the mother can proactively maintain physical contact and offer the child an outlook by demonstrating specific coping behavior because the child cannot picture the blood sample process.Further,praise from the mother can relieve the child's tension at an early stage.

背景 近年,小児看護領域において急速にプレパレーションという概念が普及してきた.医療処置を受ける子どもにプレパレーションを提供し,その効果を最大に引き出すためには,子どもが最も信頼している母親の存在が重要である.しかし,我が国では,母親が同席し泣き叫ぶ子どもをみることで不安が増大する,また子どもは母親が助けてくれないことによって不審感をもつなどを理由に,同席を推奨する施設は少ない.目的 幼児前期の子どもの採血に同席した母親27名を対象に,唾液中アミラーゼ(AMY値),STAI(状態不安得点)の測定及び母親へのインタビューを行い,子どもが受ける採血に同席する母親のストレスを明らかにすることを本研究の目的とした.結果及び考察 AMY値と状態不安得点は採血前から10分後に有意に低下したが,採血前の状態不安得点は標準レベルであった.また,母親は採血に同席することについて【一緒が安心】と感じていた.子どもが不安や恐怖で泣くことがあっても,子どもの年齢や過去の経験から予測可能な子どもの反応であり,心の準備ができていたことから【泣くことの受容】に繋がったと考えられる.結論 子どもが受ける採血に同席した母親のAMY値と状態得点からは,これまで医療者の間で信じられてきた同席による母親の不安の増大は否定された.しかしながら,母親は採血時の姿勢について【抱っこの難しさ】も感じているため,単に同席を勧めるだけでなく,安全性の高い固定法や幼児期前期に有効なディストラクションを具体的に示し,母親が自信をもって採血に臨めるよう支援することが重要である., Background Mothers are the persons who are often the most trusted individual by their children and their presence is important when preparing children for medical treatment that can be invasive,painful or generally frightening.This concept is often referred to as "preparation" and is at the heart of caring for the parent and child; as both go through the procedure,one as the patient the other as comforter and safe trusted presence for the child.In Japan,however,few hospitals agree with the concept of preparation that believing mothers may become increasingly anxious as they see their children crying and children may mistrust their mothers for failing to help.This paper seeks to examine stress levels of mothers who are participating in a preparation procedure of drawing blood. Method 27 mothers of children aged 1-3 years who were present when blood samples were taken from their children,agreed to participate in the research project.Informed consent was given for this research by the participants A sample of saliva was taken pre and post procedure and examined for salivary amylase(AMY) levels which are stress indicators.An increase would indicate higher stress and a decrease would indicate lower stress.A State-Trait Anxiety Interview (STAI)was also performed per and post procedure a high score would indicate high anxiety.A low score would indicate low score. Findings Salivary AMY levels and STAI scores decreased significantly 10 min after the blood sampling compared with before,STAI scores before blood sampling were normal,and mothers also felt reassured if they were present while the blood was being drawn. Discussion Mothers felt reassured when they were present while the blood was being drawn.Even if children cried due to anxiety or fear,mothers considered this reaction predictable because of the child's age and their own experience; because the mothers were prepared for it as a result,they were able to tolerate the crying remaining calm and giving reassurance to the child.These findings go against the widespread belief among medical professionals that mothers become more anxious if they are present during treatment.However,mothers also found it difficult to hold their children during the blood drawing,so in addition to recommending that they be present,physicians must assist mothers in facing blood sampling with confidence,by teaching them how to hold the child still in a safe manner and showing them effective ways of distracting infants.

背景 1994年に児童の権利に関する条約をわが国が批准してから, 小児看護領域では子どもの権利の保障としてプレパレーションの概念が広まった. 特に認知能力や言語的表現力が未熟な幼児に対して, 身体的苦痛が伴う検査や処置では子どもの理解力に応じたプレパレーションの実施が重要であることが明らかにされている. しかし検査や処置の場面構成は医療者が主体であるため, 採血場面に親の付き添いを除外する施設が多い. そのため親から分離された幼児は, 不安の増大により処置室への入室も困難な状態を引き起こす. 親が採血に付き添う場合に, 子どもがどのような反応や行動をとるかは明らかにされていない. 目的 家族が付き添う幼児後期の子どもの採血場面をビデオに録画し, 子どもと家族の相互の関係性から対処行動を明らかにする. 方法 小児外来で家族が付き添って採血を受ける幼児後期の子どもが, 採血を受けて退室するまでの行動をビデオに録画し, 採血終了後に家族へ半構成的面接を行った. 結果 採血前は【緊張の高まり】【誘導を受け入れる】【抵抗する】【自分なりの方法で心の準備をする】の4カテゴリーと8サブカテゴリー, 採血中は【誘導を受け入れる】【自分なりの方法で取り組む】【苦痛を表現する】【緊張をとく】の4カテゴリーと8サブカテゴリー, 採血後は【終了を行動する】【緊張がとける】【満足感を得る】の3カテゴリーと5サブカテゴリーが抽出された. 結論 採血場面に家族が付き添った幼児後期の子どもは, 家族が寄り添うことで安心を得ることができ, 調整能力を発揮し, 子どもは自分なりの方法で立ち向かうことができる. また採血中は痛みや苦痛をその場で受け止めてもらえる家族の存在により, 子どもは少しずつ緊張をとくことができる. さらに家族からの称賛により子どもは満足を得ることができ, 早期に日常の姿に戻ることができた., Background Japan ratified a treaty about the Child Rights in 1994, a general idea of preparation spread out as security of the rights of children in the child care region. For the infants that cognitive ability and verbal power of expression are immature, it is revealed that enforcement of preparation which accepted the understanding of children is important by testing and the treatment that physical pain is associated with. However, as for the scene constitution of testing and the treatment, there are many institutions excluding the attendant of the parent in the drawing blood scene because a medical person is the main constituent. Therefore the infants isolated from a parent cause a state having difficulty in admission to the dressing room by an increase of the anxiety. When a parent goes with drawing blood, it is uncertain what kind of response and behavior children take. Also, it is uncertain what kind of response and behavior children take when a parent goes with drawing blood.Purpose We determine coping behavior from the mutual relations of children and the family by shooting the drawing blood scene of the infants whom a family attends with a video camera.Methods We recorded behavior before undergoing drawing blood, and being discharged from the infants who underwent drawing blood with a family in pediatric outpatient department on a video .And had an interview to a family.

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) occurs worldwide, especially in marine environments as well as in lakes and rainwater. DMSO respiration by bacteria is assumed to play an important role in the sulfur cycle in Antarctica and on earth. We first studied whether DMSO-respiring bacteria existed in Antarctica. Eight strains were isolated that grew by DMSO respiration under anaerobic conditions from water of the halocline in a meromictic lake, Suribati Ike, near Syowa Station in Antarctica. All of them were related to known species belonging to the genus Marinobacter based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Using a clone library analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, 38 of total 48 clones from water of the halocline were identified as Marinobacter. Studies on the various anaerobic respiration capabilities by bacteria in the halocline water found only DMSO respiration. Studies on bacteria with anaerobic respiration abilities in seawater from the Pacific Ocean and Seto Inland Sea, showed that either DMSO-respiring or nitrate-respiring bacteria were present and that all of isolates capable of DMSO respiration were closely related to Vibrio species.

第36次から42次観測隊にかけて,南極湖沼における生態・地史学的研究計画(Research on Ecology and Geohistory of Antarctic Lakes: REGAL Project)の第一期計画(REGAL-I)が実施された.本研究計画は,南極科学委員会(SCAR)のもとで進められているRiSCCに対応したものであり,南極湖沼生態系の構造と変遷史の解明を目的としている.昭和基地周辺の数多くの多様な湖沼を観測対象とし,湖水の物理・化学的性質や生物相の多様性,堆積物からの古環境の復元などを行った., As part of the RiSCC (Regional Sensitivity to Climate Change in Antarctic Terrestrial and Limnetic Ecosystems) program sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), the REGAL (Research on Ecology and Geohistory on Antarctic Lakes) project has been conducted around the Syowa Station area. The first period of the program (REGAL-I) was promoted from 1994/1995 to 2000/2001, aiming to understand the structure and history of the Antarctic lake ecosystem. The progress of REGAL-I is summarized preparatory to drawing up the plan of REGAL-II from 2003/2004 to 2004/2005.

International audience; A method for the detection of unlabeled and N-15(2)-labeled L-tryptophan (L-Trp), L-kynurenine (L-Kyn), serotonin (5-HT) and quinolinic acid (QA) in human and rat plasma by GC/MS is described. Labeled and unlabeled versions of these four products were analyzed as their acyl substitution derivatives using pentafluoropropionic anhydride and 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol. Products were then separated by GC and analyzed by selected ion monitoring using negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. L-[C-13(11), N-15(2)]-Trp, methyl-serotonin and 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid were used as internal standards for this method. The coefficients of variation for inter-assay repeatability were found to be approximately 5.2% for L-Trp and N-15(2)-Trp, 17.1% for L-Kyn, 16.9% for 5-HT and 5.8% for QA (n= 2). We used this method to determine isotope enrichments in plasma L-Trp over the course of a continuous, intravenous infusion of L-[N-15(2)] Trp in pregnant rat in the fasting state. Plasma N-15(2)-Trp enrichment reached a plateau at 120 min. The free Trp appearance rate (Ra) into plasma was 49.5 +/- 3.35 mu mol/kg/h. The GC/MS method was applied to determine the enrichment of N-15-labeled L-Trp, L-Kyn, 5-HT and QA concurrently with the concentration of non-labeled L-Trp, L-Kyn, 5-HT and QA in plasma. This method may help improve our understanding on L-Trp metabolism in vivo in animals and humans and potentially reveal the relative contribution of the four pathways of L-Trp metabolism.

There is a regional study proposed in Siberia region within the GAME (GEWEX Asian Monsoon Experiment) framework. The main target is to understand the processes of water/energy cycle in the land surface-atmosphere interacting system in the permafrost area, and the characteristics of their time variation. Observational and model studies, along with analysis of existing land-based data and satellite data will be made from 1996 to 2000,with intensive measurement sites in the Lena River basin.

International audience; Patient transportation is one of the daily and frequent jobs in the hospital, however, it requires much strain and time of nurses. We carried out continuous-observation time and motion study (TMS) on the second time scale with recording by the other recorder in four wards of a cardiovascular disease hospital. Based on the recorded data, we carried out time processes modeling (TPM), that visualize the each transportation process sketchy and we could investigate the workflows of transportation as event instance.

International audience; The goal of this study is to measure the impact of electronic medical records on both time efficiency and the work process with regard to outpatient care. In this study, we focus on examining the pre-assessment ahead of the introduction of the electronic medical records procedure applying new methodology, time process study. We extracted 12 use-cases and 82 actions in relation to paper based medical records at an outpatient department at a university hospital using time process study. The results suggest that, for nurses, indirect management of patients accounted for a higher proportion of the use-cases than was the case for direct care.

Contains fulltext : 89373.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) The detection of microaneurysms in digital color fundus photographs is a critical first step in automated screening for diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common complication of diabetes. To accomplish this detection numerous methods have been published in the past but none of these was compared with each other on the same data. In this work we present the results of the first international microaneurysm detection competition, organized in the context of the Retinopathy Online Challenge (ROC), a multiyear online competition for various aspects of DR detection. For this competition, we compare the results of five different methods, produced by five different teams of researchers on the same set of data. The evaluation was performed in a uniform manner using an algorithm presented in this work. The set of data used for the competition consisted of 50 training images with available reference standard and 50 test images where the reference standard was withheld by the organizers (M. Niemeijer, B. van Ginneken, and M. D. Abramoff). The results obtained on the test data was submitted through a website after which standardized evaluation software was used to determine the performance of each of the methods. A human expert detected microaneurysms in the test set to allow comparison with the performance of the automatic methods. The overall results show that microaneurysm detection is a challenging task for both the automatic methods as well as the human expert. There is room for improvement as the best performing system does not reach the performance of the human expert. The data associated with the ROC microaneurysm detection competition will remain publicly available and the website will continue accepting submissions.

International audience

International audience

International audience

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:18:12Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:38:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-0031465282.pdf: 741243 bytes, checksum: bc6f258f51befe39250db8c617f54a1d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:18:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1997-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The Pantanal is one of the largest wetland in the world, and its located almost in the central part of South America. Preliminary studies on the chemical features of waters were carried out in July, 1983 in Rio Paraguai and its tributaries in southern Pantanal, and in January, 1986 for some lakes near Porto Jofre and a river in northern Pantanal. The former showed an extremely oligotrophic character and the latter a eutrophic character, while the nitrogen seemed to be the limiting nutrient rather than phosphorus in both waters. The oxygen deficiency in water seemed rather common throughout the area studied in spite of the difference in water temperature and the organic matter contents. Shinjuku 2-247, Meito-ku, Nagoya 465 School of Environmental Science University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone 522 Elétronorte Centrais Electricas do N. do Brasil, CEP 70710, Brasilia, DF , Shimoshizu, Shinden 2535-6, Yotsukaido 284 CNPq, SEPN 507-Bloco B, 70740-901, Brasilia, DF Faculty of Education Kagawa University, Takamatsu 760 Dept. of Applied Biological Science Shinshu University at Ueda, Ueda 386 Niigata University, Niigata 950-21 Department of General Biology Federal University of Minas Gerais, CEP 30000, Belo Horizonte, MG Department of Zoology State Julio de Mesquita Filho Univ., CEP 18610, Botucatu, SP Department of Biological Sciences Federal University of Mato Grosso, CEP 78000, Cuiabá, MT Department of Zoology State Julio de Mesquita Filho Univ., CEP 18610, Botucatu, SP