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21 results on '"University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)"'

1. Ontogenetic niche partitioning in southern elephant seals from Argentine Patagonia

Author: Mark A. Hindell, Victoria González Carman, Claudio Campagna, Mirtha Noemi Lewis, Mark Johnson, Randall W. Davis, Diego Rodríguez, Julieta Campagna, Christophe Guinet, Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras [Mar del Plata] (IIMyC), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales [Mar del Plata], Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata [Mar del Plata] (UNMdP)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Wildlife Conservation Society [Argentina], Marine and Argentina Programs, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University [Texas, USA], Texas A&M University [College Station], Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies and Centre for Marine Socioecology, and University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC, Range (biology), Foraging, DIVING BEHAVIOR, Aquatic Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, nsula Vald&#233, DEEP DIVERS, Predation, STABLE-ISOTOPES, Temperate climate, Juvenile, 14. Life underwater, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, JUVENILE SOUTHERN, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, Ecology, elephant seals, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, AGE STRUCTURE, fungi, Niche differentiation, Pen&#237, South Atlantic Ocean, BLACK-BROWED ALBATROSSES, Habitat, ontogeny, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MIROUNGA-LEONINA, FORAGING ECOLOGY, niche partitioning, MARINE FRONTS, Mirounga leonina, Península Valdés
Abstract: International audience; Elephant seals, Mirounga spp., are highly dimorphic, having different energetic requirements according to age and sex, and foraging in various ecological and oceanographic contexts. Resource partitioning has been shown for the sub‐Antarctic populations of southern elephant seals, M. leonina, where colonies are surrounded by narrow shelves that deepen abruptly. In contrast, seals from Península Valdés (Argentina), in the northernmost extent of the breeding range, face an extended, shallow, temperate, and productive continental shelf. We integrated tracking data from 98 animals (juveniles and adults, males and females) gathered over more than two decades, and found that although all available habitats were used, individuals segregated by age and sex. Juvenile males favored shelf habitats, whereas subadult and adult males also used the shelf break. Juvenile females preferred the shelf and the more distant Argentine Basin used by postbreeding and postmolt adult females. Males showed the highest proportion of area‐restricted search locations, suggesting more spatially concentrated feeding activity, and likely reflecting a preference for foraging habitat and prey. Our results are consistent with those from other populations, implying that elephant seals show remarkable similarities in habitat use by age and sex classes, despite broad differences in the offshore habitats between sub‐Antarctic and temperate ecosystems.
Published: 2021

2. Declining reproductive success in the Gulf of St. Lawrence's humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) reflects ecosystem shifts on their feeding grounds

Author: Patrick J. O. Miller, Ailsa J. Hall, Joanna L. Kershaw, Stéphane Plourde, Christian Ramp, Richard Sears, Pablo Brosset, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Laboratoire de Biologie Halieutique, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of St Andrews [Scotland], Sciences et Technologies Halieutiques (STH), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Population, panorama, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, cetaceans, Herring, Blubber, calving rates, Environmental Chemistry, biopsy, 14. Life underwater, photo-identification, education, marine mammals, General Environmental Science, Apex predator, northern gulf, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, Reproductive success, pregnancy rates, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, dynamics, environmental change, biology.organism_classification, mortality, Fishery, blubber, climate-change, Calanus, atlantic right whale, endocrine profiling, balaenoptera-physalus, pregnancy, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ifremer
Abstract: WOS:000601403400001; Climate change has resulted in physical and biological changes in the world's oceans. How the effects of these changes are buffered by top predator populations, and therefore how much plasticity lies at the highest trophic levels, are largely unknown. Here endocrine profiling, longitudinal observations of known individuals over 15 years between 2004 and 2018, and environmental data are combined to examine how the reproductive success of a top marine predator is being affected by ecosystem change. The Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada, is a major summer feeding ground for humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the North Atlantic. Blubber biopsy samples (n = 185) of female humpback whales were used to investigate variation in pregnancy rates through the quantification of progesterone. Annual pregnancy rates showed considerable variability, with no overall change detected over the study. However, a total of 457 photo-identified adult female sightings records with/without calves were collated, and showed that annual calving rates declined significantly. The probability of observing cow-calf pairs was related to favourable environmental conditions in the previous year; measured by herring spawning stock biomass, Calanus spp. abundance, overall copepod abundance and phytoplankton bloom magnitude. Approximately 39% of identified pregnancies were unsuccessful over the 15 years, and the average annual pregnancy rate was higher than the average annual calving rate at similar to 37% and similar to 23% respectively. Together, these data suggest that the declines in reproductive success could be, at least in part, the result of females being unable to accumulate the energy reserves necessary to maintain pregnancy and/or meet the energetic demands of lactation in years of poorer prey availability rather than solely an inability to become pregnant. The decline in calving rates over a period of major environmental variability may suggest that this population has limited resilience to such ecosystem change.
Published: 2021

3. The New Era of Physio-logging and their Grand Challenges

Author: Birgitte I. McDonald, Ippei Suzuki, M. Jordana Rivero, J. Chris McKnight, Kagari Aoki, Colin K. Drummond, Kentaro Q. Sakamoto, Danuta M. Wisniewska, Martin Føre, Xavier Manteca, Gemma Bale, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Ki H. Chon, Andreas Fahlman, Jeroen Brijs, Fundación Oceanográfic de la Comunitat Valenciana [Spain], Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute [Kashiwa-shi] (AORI), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Department of Physics and Department of Engineering [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Biomedical Engineering [Storrs, CT, United States], University of Connecticut (UCONN), Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University [USA], Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], Department of Engineering Cybernetics [Trondheim] (ITK NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)-Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Department of Animal and Food Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona [Spain], Autonomous University of Barcelona, Moss Landing Marine Labs at San Jose State University [USA], San Jose State University [San José] (SJSU), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Akkeshi Marine Station - Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Rothamsted Research North Wyke, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark., and University of St Andrews. School of Biology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Engineering, accelerometers, Physiology, QH301 Biology, 030310 physiology, Movement, T-NDAS, Welfare, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Physiology, QH301, 03 medical and health sciences, bio-telemetry, Aeronautics, Physiology (medical), ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, heart rate, Comparative physiology, Bio-logging tag, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Grand Challenges, Sensor, Sensor – “smart watch”, QP Physiology, 0303 health sciences, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, lcsh:QP1-981, business.industry, Logging, conservation, T Technology, QP, ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Accelerometer, welfare, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, physiology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, bio-logging, business, Specialty Grand Challenge
Abstract: Specialty Grand Challenge Article. Publisher PDF
Published: 2021

4. Predicting the exposure of diving grey seals to shipping noise

Author: Simon N. Ingram, Matt I. D. Carter, Cécile Vincent, Debbie J. F. Russell, Clare B. Embling, Georgy Shapiro, Leah E. Trigg, Feng Chen, David R. Thompson, School of Biological and Marine Sciences, Plymouth University, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, and University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Seals, Earless, QH301 Biology, Diving, NDAS, Source level, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sound exposure, QH301, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Policy decision, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Source model, Ships, GC, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Acoustics, Noise, Acoustic propagation, Hearing range, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, Auditory fatigue, Marine engineering
Abstract: Funding: D.J.F.R. and D.T. are supported by National Capability funding from NERC to SMRU (Grant No. SMRU1001). There is high spatial overlap between grey seals and shipping traffic, and the functional hearing range of grey seals indicates sensitivity to underwater noise emitted by ships. However, there is still very little data regarding the exposure of grey seals to shipping noise, constraining effective policy decisions. Particularly, there are few predictions that consider the at-sea movement of seals. Consequently, this study aimed to predict the exposure of adult grey seals and pups to shipping noise along a three-dimensional movement track, and assess the influence of shipping characteristics on sound exposure levels. Using ship location data, a ship source model, and the acoustic propagation model, RAMSurf, this study estimated weighted 24-h sound exposure levels (10–1000 Hz) (SELw). Median predicted 24-h SELw was 128 and 142 dB re 1 μPa2s for the pups and adults, respectively. The predicted exposure of seals to shipping noise did not exceed best evidence thresholds for temporary threshold shift. Exposure was mediated by the number of ships, ship source level, the distance between seals and ships, and the at-sea behaviour of the seals. The results can inform regulatory planning related to anthropogenic pressures on seal populations. Postprint
Published: 2020

5. COVID-19 lockdown allows researchers to quantify the effects of human activity on wildlife

Author: Akiko Kato, Amanda E. Bates, Matthias-Claudio Loretto, Marlee A. Tucker, Mark Johnson, Carlos M. Duarte, Sarah C. Davidson, Thomas Mueller, Francesca Cagnacci, Yan Ropert-Coudert, Christian Rutz, Walter Jetz, Richard B. Primack, Martin Wikelski, Roland Kays, Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of Ocean Sciences [Newfoudland, Canada] (Memorial University of Newfoundland), Memorial University of Newfoundland (Memorial University of Newfoundland)-Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour [Germany], University of Konstanz, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [New Haven], Yale University [New Haven], Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Biology Department [Boston, USA] (Boston University), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Scientific community, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Population dynamics, Behavioural ecology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Ecosystem ecology, education, Wildlife, Animal migration, Evolutionary ecology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, ddc:570, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Animal physiology, Macroecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Ecology, Conservation biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, COVID-19, Animal behaviour, Human-wildlife relationship, Data science, humanities, Environmental sciences, Urban ecology, Human Impact, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Zoology, Coronavirus Infections, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Reduced human mobility during the pandemic will reveal critical aspects of our impact on animals, providing important guidance on how best to share space on this crowded planet
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

6. The effect of a multi-target protocol on cetacean detection and abundance estimation in aerial surveys

Author: Lambert, C., Authier, M., Dorémus, G., Gilles, A., Hammond, P., Laran, S., Ricart, A., Ridoux, V., Scheidat, M., Spitz, J., Van Canneyt, O., Observatoire PELAGIS UMS 3462 (PELAGIS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation (TiHo), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen Marine Research [The Netherlands], University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
Subjects: QH301 Biology, Business Manager projecten Midden-Noord, Biology (Whole Organism), Aerials surveys, DAS, Perception bias, Aerial surveys, Abundance estimation, Distance sampling, QH301, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Q, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, SCANS-III survey, lcsh:Science, Business Manager projects Mid-North, Research Article, Double-platform protocol
Abstract: This work has been funded by the French ministry in charge of the environment (Ministére de la Transition Écologique et Solidaire). A double-platform protocol was implemented in the Bay of Biscay and English Channel during the SCANS-III survey (2016). Two observation platforms using different protocols were operating on board a single aircraft: the reference platform (Scans), targeting cetaceans, and the ‘Megafauna’ platform, recording all the marine fauna visible at the sea surface (jellyfish to seabirds). We tested for a potential bias in small cetacean detection and density estimation when recording all marine fauna. At a small temporal scale (30 s, roughly 1.5 km), our results provided overall similar perception probabilities for both platforms. Small cetacean perception was higher following the detection of another cetacean within the previous 30 s in both platforms. The only prior target that decreased small cetacean perception during the subsequent 30 s was seabirds, in the Megafauna platform. However, at a larger scale (study area), this small-scale perception bias had no effect on the density estimates, which were similar for the two protocols. As a result, there was no evidence of lower performance regarding small cetacean population monitoring for the multi-target protocol in our study area. Because our study area was characterized by moderate cetacean densities and small spatial overlap of cetaceans and seabirds, any extrapolation to other areas or time requires caution. Nonetheless, by permitting the collection of cost-effective quantitative data for marine fauna, anthropogenic activities and marine litter at the sea surface, the multi-target protocol is valuable for optimizing logistical and financial resources to efficiently monitor biodiversity and study community ecology. Publisher PDF
Published: 2019

7. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

Author: Rob Harcourt, Ana M. M. Sequeira, Xuelei Zhang, Fabien Roquet, Kosei Komatsu, Michelle Heupel, Clive McMahon, Fred Whoriskey, Mark Meekan, Gemma Carroll, Stephanie Brodie, Colin Simpfendorfer, Mark Hindell, Ian Jonsen, Daniel P. Costa, Barbara Block, Mônica Muelbert, Bill Woodward, Mike Weise, Kim Aarestrup, Martin Biuw, Lars Boehme, Steven J. Bograd, Dorian Cazau, Jean-Benoit Charrassin, Steven J. Cooke, Paul Cowley, P. J. Nico de Bruyn, Tiphaine Jeanniard du Dot, Carlos Duarte, Víctor M. Eguíluz, Luciana C. Ferreira, Juan Fernández-Gracia, Kimberly Goetz, Yusuke Goto, Christophe Guinet, Mike Hammill, Graeme C. Hays, Elliott L. Hazen, Luis A. Hückstädt, Charlie Huveneers, Sara Iverson, Saifullah Arifin Jaaman, Kongkiat Kittiwattanawong, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Tim Moltmann, Masaru Naruoka, Lachlan Phillips, Baptiste Picard, Nuno Queiroz, Gilles Reverdin, Katsufumi Sato, David W. Sims, Eva B. Thorstad, Michele Thums, Anne M. Treasure, Andrew W. Trites, Guy D. Williams, Yoshinari Yonehara, Mike A. Fedak, Department of Biological Sciences [North Ryde], Macquarie University, The University of Western Australia Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences [Australia], The University of Western Australia (UWA), First Institute of Oceanography [China], Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), Graduate School of Frontier Sciences [Kashiwa], The University of Tokyo, Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Ocean Tracking network, Dalhousie University, Australian Institute of Marine Science [Perth] (AIMS Perth), Environmental Research Division [USA], NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center [USA], James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), LaSIGE [Lisboa], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA)-Faculdade de Ciências, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Office of Naval Research [USA], National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit (NERC Sea Mammal Research Unit), NERC, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Lab-STICC_ENSTAB_CID_TOMS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory, Carleton University, South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB), South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Department of Global Change Research, Institut Mediterrani d´Estudis Avançats (IMEDEA), Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avancats (IMEDEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), CSIC-UIB, IFISC, CSIRO Indian Ocean Marine Research Centre [Australia], Instituto de Fısica Interdisciplinar y Sistemas Complejos IFISC (CSIC-UIB), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, School of Life and Environmental Sciences [Australia], School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, South Australian Research and Development Institute, Malaysia Institute of Oceanography, University of Malaysia, Phuket Marine Biological Center (PMBC), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Integrated Marine Observing System, Aeronautical Technology Directorate [Japan], Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos/Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology [Portugal], Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Department of Oceanography and Marine Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Fisheries Centre (Marine Mammal Research Unit), University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria, Red Sea Research Centre (RSRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), National Institute of Water & Atmospheric Research Ltd [New Zealand], Marine Biological Association of the UK, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Zoology and Entomology [Pretoria], University of Pretoria [South Africa], Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)-Universidad de las Islas Baleares (UIB), National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research [Wellington] (NIWA), Universidade do Porto, Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), National Research Foundation [South Africa] (NRF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade do Porto = University of Porto
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:QH1-199.5, Home range, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Big data, Ocean Engineering, Aquatic Science, lcsh:General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, movement analysis, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Telemetry, Ecosystem, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Animal telemetry, lcsh:Science, Animal movement, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Remote sensing, Abiotic component, Global and Planetary Change, geography, ocean observing, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, EOV, Sampling (statistics), animal movement, Habitat, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, business, animal telemetry
Abstract: International audience; Animal telemetry is a powerful tool for observing marine animals and the physical environments that they inhabit, from coastal and continental shelf ecosystems to polar seas and open oceans. Satellite-linked biologgers and networks of acoustic receivers allow animals to be reliably monitored over scales of tens of meters to thousands of kilometers, giving insight into their habitat use, home range size, the phenology of migratory patterns and the biotic and abiotic factors that drive their distributions. Furthermore, physical environmental variables can be collected using animals as autonomous sampling platforms, increasing spatial and temporal coverage of global oceanographic observation systems. The use of animal telemetry, therefore, has the capacity to provide measures from a suite of essential ocean variables (EOVs) for improved monitoring of Earth's oceans. Here we outline the design features of animal telemetry systems, describe current applications and their benefits and challenges, and discuss future directions. We describe new analytical techniques that improve our ability to not only quantify animal movements but to also provide a powerful framework for comparative studies across taxa. We discuss the application of animal telemetry and its capacity to collect biotic and abiotic data, how the data collected can be incorporated into ocean observing systems, and the role these data can play in improved ocean management.
Published: 2019

8. A miniature biomimetic sonar and movement tag to study the biotic environment and predator-prey interactions in aquatic animals

Author: Peter T. Madsen, Mark Johnson, Pauline Goulet, René Swift, Christophe Guinet, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], European Commission, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Bioacoustics group, University of St Andrews. Sound Tags Group, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, and University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QH301 Biology, Biologging, Foraging, NDAS, Human echolocation, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Predator-prey interactions, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Sonar, Predation, QH301, Elephant seal, Fisheries sonar, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, Trophic cascade, Predator, Prey field mapping, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Southern elephant seal, Fishery, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Foraging ecology
Abstract: Development of the sonar was supported by a Semper Ardens grant from the Carlsberg Foundation (PI PT Madsen) and from the CNES-TOSCA program (elephant seals as bio-samplers of biological fields in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions (PI C Guinet). Fieldwork in Kerguelen was supported by the French Polar Institute as part of the Cycle Eleph Programme (N° 1201, PI. C Gilbert). PG was supported by the Next Generation Unmanned Systems Science (NEXUSS), a National Environmental Research Council doctoral training programme, and the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology Scotland (MASTS). MJ was supported by a Marie Curie Sklodowska Career Integration Grant, by MASTS, and by a visiting Professor scholarship at Aarhus University. How predators find, select and capture prey is central to understanding trophic cascades and ecosystem structure. But despite advances in biologging technology, obtaining in situ observations of organisms and their interactions remains challenging in the marine environment. For some species of toothed whales, echoes from organisms insonified by echolocation clicks and recorded by sound logging tags have provided a fine-scale view of prey density, and predator and prey behaviour during capture attempts, but such information is not available for marine predators that do not echolocate. Here the development and performance of a miniature biomimetic sonar and movement tag capable of acquiring similar data from non-echolocating marine predators is reported. The tag, weighing 200 g in air, records wide bandwidth sonar data at up to 50 pings a second synchronously with fast-sampling sensors for depth, acceleration, magnetic field and GPS. This sensor suite enables biotic conditions and predator behaviour to be related to geographic location over long-duration foraging trips by apex marine predators. The sonar operates at 1.5 MHz with a 3.4° beamwidth and a source level of 190 dB re 1 μPa at 1 m. Sonar recordings from a trial deployment of the tag on a southern elephant seal contained frequent targets corresponding to small organisms up to 6 m ahead of the tagged animal. Synchronously sampled movement data allowed interpretation of whether the seal attempted to capture organisms that it approached closely while the high sonar ping rate revealed attempts by prey to escape. Results from this trial demonstrate the ability of the tag to quantify the biotic environment and to track individual prey captures, providing fine-scale information on predator-prey interactions which has been difficult to obtain from non-echolocating marine animals. Postprint
Published: 2019

9. Foraging behaviour and prey consumption by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)—spatial and trophic overlaps with fisheries in a marine protected area

Author: Cécile Vincent, Michael A. Fedak, Jérôme Spitz, Vincent Ridoux, Joffrey Jouma’a, Jean-Pierre Leaute, Carole E. Sparling, Bernie J. McConnell, LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Natural Environment Research Council Sea Mammal Research Unit, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Nantes (IFREMER Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Atlantique (IFREMER Atlantique), and Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Foraging, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, satellite telemetry, Abundance (ecology), fisheries interactions, 14. Life underwater, Pinnipeds, Sea bass, Iroise Sea, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, Biomass (ecology), Ecology, National park, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fishery, prey intake, Geography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Marine protected area, management
Abstract: International audience; The roles of the marine national park of the Iroise Sea (France) are to maintain marine biodiversity, including the southernmost grey seal colonyin the Eastern Atlantic, whilst managing sustainable human activities. This study compares the fish biomass taken by local seals and thelandings by man in the Iroise Sea. Sixteen seals were satellite tracked from 1999 and 2003, providing location and behavioural (diving) datafrom which foraging locations were estimated. One individual spent a third of its foraging time in direct, long distance trips (200–350 km)across the English Channel, but most seals spent the majority (68.5%) of their foraging time in the Iroise Sea, making return trips within 30 kmof their departure haulout sites. The energetic consumption of the seal colony, taking sex and age classes into account, was assessed and combinedwith seal abundance estimates and dietary data to assess the total prey consumption by seals, for each prey species. We estimated thatduring the study period, the grey seal colony in the Iroise Sea consumed around 115 tons of fish per year. The main source of uncertaintyof this calculation came from the confidence intervals in total seal abundance estimates. This consumption comprised 13.6 tons of sea bass,4.3 tons of pollack and 2.7 tons of sole, representing 16.4, 1.8, and 5.2% of landings in the same areas for these three fish species, respectively.Within the four ICES rectangles where grey seals foraged, overlap between seals and fisheries was greatest in rectangle 25E5 (72.7% of all foragingdives), where grey seals haul out, and less in rectangles 25E4 (11.7%), 26E5 (10.8%), and 26E4 (4.8%).
Published: 2016

10. An alternative method for correcting fluorescence quenching

Author: Marthán N Bester, Lars Boehme, Lauren Biermann, Christophe Guinet, Andrew S. Brierley, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Zoology and Entomology, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Scottish Oceans Institut, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews. Centre for Research into Ecological & Environmental Modelling, University of St Andrews. Pelagic Ecology Research Group, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: Mixed layer, NDAS, Mineralogy, QK Botany, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Phytoplankton, Photic zone, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental sciences, GC, lcsh:GE1-350, Quenching (fluorescence), business.industry, QK, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Fluorescence, Light intensity, chemistry, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, Chlorophyll, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, business, Maxima
Abstract: This work received funding from the MASTS pooling initiative (The Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland) and their support is gratefully acknowledged. MASTS is funded by the Scottish Funding Council (grant reference HR09011) and contributing institutions. Under high light intensity, phytoplankton protect their photosystems from bleaching through non-photochemical quenching processes. The consequence of this is suppression of fluorescence emission, which must be corrected when measuring in situ yield with fluorometers. We present data from the Southern Ocean, collected over five austral summers by 19 southern elephant seals tagged with fluorometers. Conventionally, fluorescence data collected during the day (quenched) were corrected using the limit of the mixed layer, assuming that phytoplankton are uniformly mixed from the surface to this depth. However, distinct deep fluorescence maxima were measured in approximately 30% of the night (unquenched) data. To account for the evidence that chlorophyll is not uniformly mixed in the upper layer, we propose correcting from the limit of the euphotic zone, defined as the depth at which photosynthetically available radiation is ~ 1% of the surface value. Mixed layer depth exceeded euphotic depth over 80% of the time. Under these conditions, quenching was corrected from the depth of the remotely derived euphotic zone Zeu, and compared with fluorescence corrected from the depth of the density-derived mixed layer. Deep fluorescence maxima were evident in only 10% of the day data when correcting from mixed layer depth. This was doubled to 21% when correcting from Zeu, more closely matching the unquenched (night) data. Furthermore, correcting from Zeu served to conserve non-uniform chlorophyll features found between the 1% light level and mixed layer depth. Publisher PDF Publisher PDF
Published: 2015

11. Genetic population structure of harbour seals in the United Kingdom and neighbouring waters

Author: Tange, Olsen Morten, Islas, Valentina, Graves, Jeff A., Onoufriou, Aubrie, Vincent, Cécile, Brasseur, Sophie, Frie, Anne Kirstine, Hall, Ailsa, NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, Section for GeoGenetics, Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Puerto Ángel, Distrito de San Pedro Pochutla, Universidad del Mar, Ciudad Universitaria, School of Biology, Xelect Ltd, Scottish Oceans Institute, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology, IMARES, AD, IMARES, AD, Institute of Marine Research [Norvège], Institute of Marine Research, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), and University of Bergen (UiB)
Subjects: GC, QL, QH301 Biology, Seal Management Units, NDAS, coastal, mammal, microsatellite loci, QL Zoology, Mammal, QH301, Onderzoeksformatie, Coastal, Ecosystemen, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Genetics, genetics, GC Oceanography, Phoca vitulina, Microsatellite loci
Abstract: Natural Environment Research Council (GrantNumber(s): SMRU1001; Grant recipient(s): Ailsa Hall) 1. In the United Kingdom (UK), several harbour seal (Phoca vitulina) populations have been declining over the past decade. In order to understand the effect of these changes in abundance, this study seeks to determine the population structure of harbour seals in the UK, and in Scotland in particular, on a wider and finer spatial scale than has previously been reported. 2. Harbour seals were genotyped from 18 different localities throughout the UK and neighbouring localities in mainland Europe, at 12 microsatellite loci. Results from Bayesian and frequency based tests of population structure suggested an initial structural division into two main groups consisting of localities in northern UK and southern UK-mainland Europe, respectively. 3. These two clusters were further divided into four geographically distinct genetic clusters. 4. An overall agreement between the genetic results and the existing management areas for UK harbour seals was observed, but it is also clear that an adaptive management approach should be adopted, in which the delineation of the current management areas is maintained until further genetic and ecological information has been accumulated and analysed. Publisher PDF
Published: 2017

12. Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

Author: Law, Philip J, Berndt, Sonja I, Speedy, Helen E, Camp, Nicola J, Sava, Georgina P, Skibola, Christine F, Holroyd, Amy, Joseph, Vijai, Sunter, Nicola J, Nieters, Alexandra, Bea, Silvia, Monnereau, Alain, Martin-Garcia, David, Goldin, Lynn R, Clot, Guillem, Teras, Lauren R, Quintela, Inés, Birmann, Brenda M, Jayne, Sandrine, Cozen, Wendy, Majid, Aneela, Smedby, Karin E, Lan, Qing, Dearden, Claire, Brooks-Wilson, Angela R., Hall, Andrew G, Purdue, Mark P, Mainou-Fowler, Tryfonia, Vajdic, Claire M, Jackson, Graham H, Cocco, Pierluigi, Marr, Helen, Zhang, Yawei, Zheng, Tongzhang, Giles, Graham G, Lawrence, Charles, Call, Timothy G, Liebow, Mark, Melbye, Mads, Glimelius, Bengt, Mansouri, Larry, Glenn, Martha, Curtin, Karen, Diver, W Ryan, Link, Brian K, Conde, Lucia, Bracci, Paige M., Holly, Elizabeth A, Jackson, Rebecca D, Tinker, Lesley F, Benavente, Yolanda, Boffetta, Paolo, Brennan, Paul, Maynadie, Marc, McKay, James, Albanes, Demetrius, Weinstein, Stephanie, Wang, Zhaoming, Caporaso, Neil E., Morton, Lindsay M, Severson, Richard K, Riboli, Elio, Vineis, Paolo, Vermeulen, Roel C H, Southey, Melissa C, Milne, Roger L., Clavel, Jacqueline, Topka, Sabine, Spinelli, John J, Kraft, Peter, Ennas, Maria Grazia, Summerfield, Geoffrey, Ferri, Giovanni M, Harris, Robert J, Miligi, Lucia, Pettitt, Andrew R, North, Kari E, Allsup, David J, Fraumeni, Joseph F, Bailey, James R, Offit, Kenneth, Pratt, Guy, Hjalgrim, Henrik, Pepper, Christopher, Chanock, Stephen J, Fegan, Chris, Rosenquist, Richard, de Sanjose, Silvia, Carracedo, Angel, Dyer, Martin J S, Catovsky, Daniel, Campo, Elias, Cerhan, James R., Allan, James M, Rothman, Nathanial, Houlston, Richard, Slager, Susan, National Cancer Institute [Bethesda] (NCI-NIH), National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Microsoft Research [Redmond], Microsoft Corporation [Redmond, Wash.], Department of Physics, Loyola College, Nungambakkam, Chennai – 600 034, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), University of Aleppo [Aleppo], Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, De la Molécule aux Nanos-objets : Réactivité, Interactions et Spectroscopies (MONARIS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Cancer Council Victoria, University of Oulu, Uppsala Universitet [Uppsala], Université Paris Nanterre (UPN), University of Iowa [Iowa City], Registre des hémopathies malignes de Côte d'Or, Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), B.B. Brodie Department of Neuroscience, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Department of Haematology, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), University of Leeds, Haemato-oncology, Institute of cancer research, Mayo Clinic [Rochester], Northern Institute for Cancer Research [Newcastle] (NICR), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Institute of Cancer Research, Belmont, Sutton, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sea Mammal Research Unit, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Cardiff, Équipe Instrumentation embarquée et systèmes de surveillance intelligents (LAAS-S4M), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), LS IRAS EEPI GRA (Gezh.risico-analyse), dIRAS RA-2, Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées
Subjects: Adult, Male, RM, Cancer och onkologi, B-Lymphocytes, [SDV.OT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Other [q-bio.OT], Science, Chromosome Mapping, Middle Aged, Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Young Adult, Cancer and Oncology, Case-Control Studies, Antibody Formation, Chromosomes, Human, Humans, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RC, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract: Several chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) susceptibility loci have been reported; however, much of the heritable risk remains unidentified. Here we perform a meta-analysis of six genome-wide association studies, imputed using a merged reference panel of 1,000 Genomes and UK10K data, totalling 6,200 cases and 17,598 controls after replication. We identify nine risk loci at 1p36.11 (rs34676223, P=5.04 × 10−13), 1q42.13 (rs41271473, P=1.06 × 10−10), 4q24 (rs71597109, P=1.37 × 10−10), 4q35.1 (rs57214277, P=3.69 × 10−8), 6p21.31 (rs3800461, P=1.97 × 10−8), 11q23.2 (rs61904987, P=2.64 × 10−11), 18q21.1 (rs1036935, P=3.27 × 10−8), 19p13.3 (rs7254272, P=4.67 × 10−8) and 22q13.33 (rs140522, P=2.70 × 10−9). These new and established risk loci map to areas of active chromatin and show an over-representation of transcription factor binding for the key determinants of B-cell development and immune response., Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia has a hereditary component, much of which remains to be identified. Here, the authors perform a genome-wide association study and find new risk loci for the disease, which are associated with genes involved in immune function.
Published: 2017

13. Ocean observations using tagged animals

Author: Clive R. McMahon, Lars Boehme, Michael A. Fedak, Robert Harcourt, Bill Woodward, Luis A. Hückstädt, Mark A. Hindell, Daniel P. Costa, J-B Charrassin, Fabien Roquet, Christophe Guinet, Barbara A. Block, Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment [USA], Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, University of California [USA], University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University (Australia), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Natural Environment Research Council Sea Mammal Research Unit, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of Tasmania (UTAS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, GC, Ocean observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, QH301 Biology, Foraging, T-NDAS, Temperature salinity diagrams, Biology, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, QH301, 13. Climate action, Data logger, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GC Oceanography, 14. Life underwater, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: “Biologging” through temporary attachment of miniaturized data loggers on marine animals is revolutionizing the science of marine ecology (Block et al., 2011; Hussey et al., 2015). It also offers new capabilities to observe the ocean. In addition to collecting location and depth information useful for studying foraging behavior, these devices can record vertical profiles of temperature and salinity (Fedak, 2004; Costa et al., 2010), data that are used to improve knowledge of ocean state and its variability. Publisher PDF
Published: 2017

14. Marine mammals exploring the oceans pole to pole: a review of the MEOP consortium

Author: Gilles Reverdin, Keith W. Nicholls, Guy D. Williams, Daniel P. Costa, Philip Lovell, P J Nico de Bruyn, Christian Lydersen, Mark A. Hindell, Fabien Roquet, Mary-Anne Lea, Clive R. McMahon, Robert Harcourt, Mike O. Hammill, Trevor McIntyre, Kit M. Kovacs, Anne M. Treasure, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Andrew W. Trites, Horst Bornemann, Andrew D. Lowther, Michael A. Fedak, Christophe Guinet, Damien Chevallier, Marthán N Bester, Baptiste Picard, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Lars Boehme, Isabelle J. Ansorge, Department of Oceanography [Cape Town], University of Cape Town, Mammal Research Institute - Department Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria (UPSpace), Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Equipe Physique de l'Ocean Austral (DMPA), DMPA, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Santa Cruz], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Maurice-Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania (UTAS), FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Scottish Oceans Institute, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Biodiversity Section [Norway], Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Sydney Institute of Marine Science (USIMS), The University of Sydney, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Marine Mammal Research Unit (University of British Columbia), University of British Columbia (UBC), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ice formation, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Climate system, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Data portal, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, 14. Life underwater, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Polar oceans are poorly monitored despite the important role they play in regulating Earth’s climate system. Marine mammals equipped with biologging devices are now being used to fill the data gaps in these logistically difficult to sample regions. Since 2002, instrumented animals have been generating exceptionally large data sets of oceanographic CTD casts (>500,000 profiles), which are now freely available to the scientific community through the MEOP data portal (http://meop.net). MEOP (Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole) is a consortium of international researchers dedicated to sharing animal-derived data and knowledge about the polar oceans. Collectively, MEOP demonstrates the power and cost-effectiveness of using marine mammals as data-collection platforms that can dramatically improve the ocean observing system for biological and physical oceanographers. Here, we review the MEOP program and database to bring it to the attention of the international community.
Published: 2017

15. Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories

Author: Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Kit M. Kovacs, Christian Lydersen, Fabien Roquet, Marthán N Bester, Mônica M. C. Muelbert, Clive R. McMahon, Michael A. Fedak, Lars Boehme, Christophe Guinet, Trevor McIntyre, Laura Herraiz-Borreguero, Robert Harcourt, Guy D. Williams, Daniel P. Costa, Luis A. Hückstädt, Toby A. Patterson, Mark A. Hindell, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Antarctic Climate & Ecosystem Cooperative Research Centre, Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (University of California Santa Cruz), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre for Ice and Climate [Copenhagen], Niels Bohr Institute [Copenhagen] (NBI), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, FRAM Centre, Norwegian Polar Institute, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Department of Meteorology, Stockholm University, Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of Tasmania (UTAS), Sea Mammal Research Unit (SMRU), University of Saint Andrews, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, and University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, QH301 Biology, Population, Foraging, foraging behavior, population status, Southern Ocean water masses, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, QH301, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Sea ice, Elephant seal, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, education, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Life Below Water, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, GC, geography, education.field_of_study, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Ecology, Continental shelf, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Marine habitats, Circumpolar star, physical oceanography, biology.organism_classification, sea ice, Southern elephant seal, Ecological Applications, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, GC Oceanography, lcsh:Ecology, BDC, Zoology, Mirounga leonina, Foraging behaviour
Abstract: In the Southern Ocean, wide-ranging predators offer the opportunity to quantify how animals respond to differences in the environment because their behavior and population trends are an integrated signal of prevailing conditions within multiple marine habitats. Southern elephant seals in particular, can provide useful insights due to their circumpolar distribution, their long and distant migrations and their performance of extended bouts of deep diving. Furthermore, across their range, elephant seal populations have very different population trends. In this study, we present a data set from the International Polar Year project; Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole for southern elephant seals, in which a large number of instruments (N = 287) deployed on animals, encompassing a broad circum-Antarctic geographic extent, collected in situ ocean data and at-sea foraging metrics that explicitly link foraging behavior and habitat structure in time and space. Broadly speaking, the seals foraged in two habitats, the relatively shallow waters of the Antarctic continental shelf and the Kerguelen Plateau and deep open water regions. Animals of both sexes were more likely to exhibit area-restricted search (ARS) behavior rather than transit in shelf habitats. While Antarctic shelf waters can be regarded as prime habitat for both sexes, female seals tend to move northwards with the advance of sea ice in the late autumn or early winter. The water masses used by the seals also influenced their behavioral mode, with female ARS behavior being most likely in modified Circumpolar Deepwater or northerly Modified Shelf Water, both of which tend to be associated with the outer reaches of the Antarctic Continental Shelf. The combined effects of (1) the differing habitat quality, (2) differing responses to encroaching ice as the winter progresses among colonies, (3) differing distances between breeding and haul-out sites and high quality habitats, and (4) differing long-term regional trends in sea ice extent can explain the differing population trends observed among elephant seal colonies. Publisher PDF
Published: 2016

16. Stroke frequency, but not swimming speed, is related to body size in free-ranging seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans

Author: Tomonari Akamatsu, Katsufumi Sato, Yves Handrich, Paul J. Ponganis, Yasuhiko Naito, Daniel P. Costa, Patrick J. O. Miller, Charles-André Bost, Kagari Aoki, Yuuki Y. Watanabe, Ari D. Shapiro, Yoko Mitani, Yutaka Watanuki, Phil Trathan, Hideji Tanaka, Ryo Kawabe, Masao Amano, Akinori Takahashi, International Coastal Research Centre, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], National Insitute of Polar Research, National Institute of Polar Research [Tokyo] (NiPR), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, University of California, Centre d'écologie et physiologie énergétiques (CEPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Center for International Cooperation, Tokyo Institute of Technology [Tokyo] (TITECH), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Biology Department (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Ocean Reseach Institut, The University of Tokyo, Département Ecologie, Physiologie et Ethologie (DEPE-IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Gaillard, Brigitte
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, optimal, MESH: Swimming, 030310 physiology, Zoology, Cetacea, Body size, Biology, power spectral density, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Birds, 03 medical and health sciences, Swimming behaviour, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Animals, Body Size, MESH: Animals, 14. Life underwater, MESH: Biomechanics, Swimming, General Environmental Science, 0303 health sciences, Wing, MESH: Body Size, General Immunology and Microbiology, Free ranging, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], scaling, free-ranging, General Medicine, Stroke frequency, biology.organism_classification, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Biomechanical Phenomena, Caniformia, Swimming speed, accelerometer, MESH: Birds, MESH: Pinnipedia, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, MESH: Cetacea, dive, human activities, Research Article
Abstract: It is obvious, at least qualitatively, that small animals move their locomotory apparatus faster than large animals: small insects move their wings invisibly fast, while large birds flap their wings slowly. However, quantitative observations have been difficult to obtain from free-ranging swimming animals. We surveyed the swimming behaviour of animals ranging from 0.5 kg seabirds to 30 000 kg sperm whales using animal-borne accelerometers. Dominant stroke cycle frequencies of swimming specialist seabirds and marine mammals were proportional tomass−0.29(R2=0.99,n=17 groups), while propulsive swimming speeds of 1–2 m s−1were independent of body size. This scaling relationship, obtained from breath-hold divers expected to swim optimally to conserve oxygen, does not agree with recent theoretical predictions for optimal swimming. Seabirds that use their wings for both swimming and flying stroked at a lower frequency than other swimming specialists of the same size, suggesting a morphological trade-off with wing size and stroke frequency representing a compromise. In contrast, foot-propelled diving birds such as shags had similar stroke frequencies as other swimming specialists. These results suggest that muscle characteristics may constrain swimming during cruising travel, with convergence among diving specialists in the proportions and contraction rates of propulsive muscles.
Published: 2006

17. Refining instrument attachment on phocid seals

Author: Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Robert Harcourt, Mark A. Hindell, Iain C. Field, Marthán N Bester, Clive R. McMahon, Lars Boehme, P J Nico de Bruyn, Michael A. Fedak, Macquarie University, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Couplage physique-biogéochimie-carbone (PHYBIOCAR), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bristol [Bristol], Zoology and Entomology Department, Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria [South Africa], University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)-School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Leptonychotes weddellii, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Reproductive behavior, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Phoca, Fishery, Feeding behavior, Geography, 14. Life underwater, Mass gain, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: During the 1960s through to the early 1980s, harnesses were used to attach instruments to diving marine animals such as seals and penguins. Such devices were replaced with epoxy and cyan glues and specialist adhesive tapes in the mid-1980s because of chafing and drag issues (Wilson et al. 1997, Kooyman 2007). Fedak et al. (1983) were the first to glue instruments directly to the fur of a seal. This simple, direct form of instrument attachment has become the norm in pinniped research, though details of exactly how, where, and what specific products are used vary (e.g., Fedak et al. 1983, Le Boeuf et al. 1988, Harcourt et al. 1995, Zeno et al. 2008). The attachment of tracking and bio-logging devices has been identified as a particular animal welfare concern (Hawkins 2004), the main concern being that these attachments may cause physical pain and suffering with subsequent changes in behavior or survival. Two recent studies (McMahon et al. 2008, Mazzaro and Dunn 2009) have specifically assessed the impacts of attaching tracking instruments to seals. McMahon et al. (2008) clearly demonstrated that for southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), carrying tracking devices produced no detectable differences in overwinter mass gain nor in long-term survival. In a study conducted with two captive harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), Mazzaro and Dunn (2009) noted no tagassociated changes in health or behavior until one tag started to loosen a few days before detachment, at which time a small area became irritated when the epoxy cracked and began rubbing against the seal. However, there have been no studies of potential injuries that might lead to pain as a result of instrument attachment on wild seals. This is primarily because of the difficulty in monitoring instrumented marine mammals following their release. Here we (1) present information on the performance of three different, widely used, epoxies to determine whether any of them might cause burns via exothermic chemical reactions when the glue cures under common fieldwork conditions in subantarctic and polar deployments; and (2) review injury rates for 454 southern elephant seals and 54 Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) that have been resighted after instruments have been deployed.
Published: 2012

18. Technical Note: Animal-borne CTD-Satellite Relay Data Loggers for real-time oceanographic data collection

Author: Michael P. Meredith, J. Nicholson, Sally E. Thorpe, Michael A. Fedak, Martin Biuw, Fabien Roquet, Philip Lovell, Lars Boehme, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Valeport Ltd., British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), NERC, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, University of St Andrews. Sea Mammal Research Unit, University of St Andrews. Marine Alliance for Science & Technology Scotland, and University of St Andrews. Scottish Oceans Institute
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Salinity, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology, Temperature salinity diagrams, Transport, Satellite system, Elephant seals, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Data logger, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 14 - Life Below Water, 14. Life underwater, Accuracy, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, GC, lcsh:GE1-350, 0303 health sciences, Data collection, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Continuous monitoring, Temperature, lcsh:Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, In-situ, Sampling (statistics), Reference data, lcsh:G, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Southern-ocean, Environmental science, GC Oceanography, Satellite, Radio-telemetry, Waters
Abstract: Funded by NERC grants NE/E018289/1 and NER/D/S/2002/00426 The increasing need for continuous monitoring of the world oceans has stimulated the development of a range of autonomous sampling platforms. One novel addition to these approaches is a small, relatively inexpensive data-relaying device that can be deployed on marine mammals to provide vertical oceanographic profiles throughout the upper 2000 m of the water column. When an animal dives, the CTD-Satellite Relay Data Logger (CTD-SRDL) records vertical profiles of temperature, conductivity and pressure. Data are compressed once the animal returns to the surface where it is located by, and relays data to, the Argos satellite system. The technical challenges met in the design of the CTD-SRDL are the maximising of energy efficiency and minimising size, whilst simultaneously maintaining the reliability of an instrument that cannot be recovered and is required to survive its lifetime attached to a marine mammal. The CTD-SRDLs record temperature and salinity with an accuracy of better than 0.005 degrees C and 0.02 respectively. However, due to the limited availability of reference data, real-time data from remote places are often associated with slightly higher errors. The potential to collect large numbers of profiles cost-effectively makes data collection using CTD-SRDL technology particularly beneficial in regions where traditional oceanographic measurements are scarce or even absent. Depending on the CTD-SRDL configuration, it is possible to sample and transmit hydrographic profiles on a daily basis, providing valuable and often unique information for a real-time ocean observing system. Publisher PDF
Published: 2009

19. Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea-ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals

Author: Andrew J. S. Meijers, Michael P. Meredith, Frédéric Bailleul, Michael A. Fedak, Lars Boehme, Michael E. Goebel, Richard Coleman, R. Timmermann, S. Sokolov, Stephen R. Rintoul, Charles-André Bost, PG Lovell, Yann Tremblay, Christophe Guinet, Iain C. Field, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Clive R. McMahon, Fabien Roquet, Young-Hyang Park, Daniel P. Costa, Mark A. Hindell, Martin Biuw, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Wildlife Research Unit, University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (CSIRO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Center for Ocean Health, University of California, Center for Marine Science, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, Departement of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Long Marine Laboratory, School for Environmental Research, Charles Darwin University, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), University of California (UC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Water mass, Ocean observations, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Seals, Earless, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, ocean observation, Climate change, 01 natural sciences, marine predators, Sea ice, Animals, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, instrumentation, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Ice, Ocean current, Temperature, Arctic ice pack, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Oceanography, antarctic circumpolar current, 13. Climate action, Physical Sciences, Thermohaline circulation, sea-ice modeling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Hydrography, Geology
Abstract: Polar regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, with the potential for significant feedbacks between ocean circulation, sea ice, and the ocean carbon cycle. However, the difficulty in obtaining in situ data means that our ability to detect and interpret change is very limited, especially in the Southern Ocean, where the ocean beneath the sea ice remains almost entirely unobserved and the rate of sea-ice formation is poorly known. Here, we show that southern elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina ) equipped with oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure and water mass changes in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. In particular, seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea-ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60°S and sea-ice formation rates to be inferred from changes in upper ocean salinity. Sea-ice production rates peaked in early winter (April–May) during the rapid northward expansion of the pack ice and declined by a factor of 2 to 3 between May and August, in agreement with a three-dimensional coupled ocean–sea-ice model. By measuring the high-latitude ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a “blind spot” in our sampling coverage, enabling the establishment of a truly global ocean-observing system.
Published: 2008

20. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Author: Pierce, Graham, Santos, Maria, Murphy, Sinead, Learmonth, Jennifer, Zuur, Alan, Rogan, Emer, Bustamante, Paco, Caurant, Florence, Lahaye, Virginie, Ridoux, Vincent, Zegers, B., Mets, A., Addink, Marian, Smeenk, C., Jauniaux, Thierry, Law, Robin, Dabin, Willy, Lopez, Alfredo, Alonso Farré, J.M., Gonzalez, Angel, Guerra, Angel, García-Hartmann, Manuel, Reid, R.J., Moffat, Colin, Lockyer, Christina, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Espagňol de Oceanografia (IEO), Department of Zoology, Ecology and Plant Sciences (AFDC), University College Cork (UCC), Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Highland Statistics, Centre de Recherche sur les Ecosystèmes Littoraux Anthropisés (CRELA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire [Liège], Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science [Weymouth] (CEFAS), Centre de Recherche sur les Mammifères Marins (CRMM), Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños (CEMMA), CEMMA, Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamíferos Mariños (CEMMA), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (ECOBIOMAR), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC) (ECOBIOMAR), Institute de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC), Elephant house, Veterinary Science Division (SAC), Veterinary Science Division, FRS Marine Laboratory, and Age Dynamics
Subjects: Reproduction, Persistent organic pollutants, Delphinus delphis, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, human activities, Diet, Phocoena phocoena
Abstract: International audience; Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blubber of female common dolphins and harbour porpoises from the Atlantic coast of Europe were frequently above the threshold at which effects on reproduction could be expected, in 40% and 47% of cases respectively. This rose to 74% for porpoises from the southern North Sea. PCB concentrations were also high in southern North Sea fish. The average pregnancy rate recorded in porpoises (42%) in the study area was lower than in the western Atlantic but that in common dolphins (25%) was similar to that of the western Atlantic population. Porpoises that died from disease or parasitic infection had higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) than animals dying from other causes. Few of the common dolphins sampled had died from disease or parasitic infection. POP profiles in common dolphin blubber were related to individual feeding history while those in porpoises were more strongly related to condition.
Published: 2008

21. Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions

Author: Michael E. Goebel, Birgitte I. McDonald, Mark A. Hindell, Christophe Guinet, F. Monks, PG Lovell, Michael A. Fedak, Nathaniel L. Bindoff, Jean-Benoît Charrassin, Daniel E. Crocker, Fabien Roquet, Sally E. Thorpe, Stephen R. Rintoul, Yann Tremblay, Martin Biuw, J. Nicholson, Frédéric Bailleul, Young-Hyang Park, Daniel P. Costa, Lars Boehme, Michael P. Meredith, Sea Mammal Research Unit [University of St Andrews] (SMRU), School of Biology [University of St Andrews], University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'études biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Antarctic Wildlife Research Unit, Center for Ocean Health, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) (CSIRO), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Antarctic Ecosystem Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Valeport Ltd., Southern Elephant Seals as Oceanographic Samplers (SEaOS) program, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Ocean observations, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Population Dynamics, Population, ocean observation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Circumpolar deep water, Animals, 14. Life underwater, oceanography, education, Apex predator, geography, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, elephant seals, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Circumpolar star, Biological Sciences, biology.organism_classification, Arctic ice pack, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Caniformia, Southern elephant seal, Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Predatory Behavior, Environmental science, Upwelling, Animal Migration, Seasons, body condition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water upwelling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability.
Published: 2007

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21 results on '"University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)"'

1. Ontogenetic niche partitioning in southern elephant seals from Argentine Patagonia

2. Declining reproductive success in the Gulf of St. Lawrence's humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) reflects ecosystem shifts on their feeding grounds

3. The New Era of Physio-logging and their Grand Challenges

4. Predicting the exposure of diving grey seals to shipping noise

5. COVID-19 lockdown allows researchers to quantify the effects of human activity on wildlife

6. The effect of a multi-target protocol on cetacean detection and abundance estimation in aerial surveys

7. Animal-Borne Telemetry: An Integral Component of the Ocean Observing Toolkit

8. A miniature biomimetic sonar and movement tag to study the biotic environment and predator-prey interactions in aquatic animals

9. Foraging behaviour and prey consumption by grey seals (Halichoerus grypus)—spatial and trophic overlaps with fisheries in a marine protected area

10. An alternative method for correcting fluorescence quenching

11. Genetic population structure of harbour seals in the United Kingdom and neighbouring waters

12. Genome-wide association analysis implicates dysregulation of immunity genes in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia

13. Ocean observations using tagged animals

14. Marine mammals exploring the oceans pole to pole: a review of the MEOP consortium

15. Circumpolar habitat use in the southern elephant seal: implications for foraging success and population trajectories

16. Stroke frequency, but not swimming speed, is related to body size in free-ranging seabirds, pinnipeds and cetaceans

17. Refining instrument attachment on phocid seals

18. Technical Note: Animal-borne CTD-Satellite Relay Data Loggers for real-time oceanographic data collection

19. Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea-ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals

20. Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

21. Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions

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21 results on '"University of St Andrews [Scotland]-University of St Andrews [Scotland]-Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)"'

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