576 results on '"University of Waterloo (Canada)"'
Search Results
2. Limb apraxia assessment: clinical and ecological approaches
- Author
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Department of Kinesiology and psychology, University of Waterloo, Canada (25 November 1998), Peigneux, Philippe, Juillerat, Anne-Claude, Van der Linden, Martial, Department of Kinesiology and psychology, University of Waterloo, Canada (25 November 1998), Peigneux, Philippe, Juillerat, Anne-Claude, and Van der Linden, Martial
- Abstract
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 1998
3. Integrated Modeling of Electric Vehicle Energy Demand and Regional Electricity Generation
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United States. Department of Transportation. University Transportation Centers (UTC) Program, United States. Department of Transportation. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, Dowds, Jonathan, Howerter, Sarah, Hines, Paul, Aultman-Hall, Lisa, University of Vermont. Transportation Research Center, National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST), University of Waterloo, Canada, United States. Department of Transportation. University Transportation Centers (UTC) Program, United States. Department of Transportation. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, Dowds, Jonathan, Howerter, Sarah, Hines, Paul, Aultman-Hall, Lisa, University of Vermont. Transportation Research Center, National Center for Sustainable Transportation (NCST), and University of Waterloo, Canada
- Abstract
USDOT Grant 69A3551747114, This paper describes a model for developing highly resolved, time-of-day specific electric vehicle charging demand profiles from travel survey data. Since timing of vehicle charging is dependent on electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) availability, four EVSE scenarios are considered: 1) home only, 2) home and workplace only, 3) universal EVSE, and 4) a probabilistic scenario where EVSE availability varies by location. To illustrate the implications of differing demand profiles on power grid operation with high renewable generating capacity, the profiles are in a typical regional economic dispatch model. The results provide a valuable approach for understanding the interactions between vehicle electrification and renewable energy deployment while exploring an updated range of assumptions about EVSE availability and charging behaviors for New York and the six New England states. All scenarios result in increased peak demand and increased generation by non-renewable generating sources. This indicates that incentive mechanisms that influence charging decisions are necessary to attain lower emissions outcomes.
4. Homotopy algorithms for solving structured determinantal systems
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Vu, Thi Xuan, Cheriton School of Computer Science [Waterloo] (CS), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Polynomial Systems (PolSys), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (France), University of Waterloo (Canada), Mohab Safey El Din, Sorbonne Université (France), George Labahn, University of Waterloo (Canada), Éric Schost, University of Waterloo (Canada), and Vu, Thi Xuan
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Symbolic computation ,Symbolic homotopy continuation ,Système d'équations algébriques ,Polynomial systems solving ,Systèmes polynomiaux invariants ,Homotopie symbolique ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[MATH] Mathematics [math] ,[INFO] Computer Science [cs] ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] ,Calcul formel et symbolique ,Invariant algebraic systems ,Determinantal systems - Abstract
Multivariate polynomial systems arising in numerous applications have special structures. In particular, determinantal structures and invariant systems appear in a wide range of applications such as in polynomial optimization and related questions in real algebraic geometry. The goal of this thesis is to provide efficient algorithms to solve such structured systems. In order to solve the first kind of systems, we design efficient algorithms by using the symbolic homotopy continuation techniques. While the homotopy methods, in both numeric and symbolic, are well-understood and widely used in polynomial system solving for square systems, the use of these methods to solve over-detemined systems is not so clear. Meanwhile, determinantal systems are over-determined with more equations than unknowns. We provide probabilistic homotopy algorithms which take advantage of the determinantal structure to compute isolated points in the zero-sets of determinantal systems. The runtimes of our algorithms are polynomial in the sum of the multiplicities of isolated points and the degree of the homotopy curve. We also give the bounds on the number of isolated points that we have to compute in three contexts: all entries of the input are in classical polynomial rings, all these polynomials are sparse, and they are weighted polynomials. In the second half of the thesis, we deal with the problem of finding critical points of a symmetric polynomial map on an invariant algebraic set. We exploit the invariance properties of the input to split the solution space according to the orbits of the symmetric group. This allows us to design an algorithm which gives a triangular description of the solution space and which runs in time polynomial in the number of points that we have to compute. Our results are illustrated by applications in studying real algebraic sets defined by invariant polynomial systems by the means of the critical point method., Les systèmes polynomiaux multivariés apparaissant dans de nombreuses applications ont des structures spéciales et les systèmes invariants apparaissent dans un large éventail d'applications telles que dans l’optimisation polynomiale et des questions connexes en géométrie algébrique réelle. Le but de cette thèse est de fournir des algorithmes efficaces pour résoudre de tels systèmes structurés. Afin de résoudre le premier type de systèmes, nous concevons des algorithmes efficaces en utilisant les techniques d’homotopie symbolique. Alors que les méthodes d'homotopie, à la fois numériques et symboliques, sont bien comprises et largement utilisées dans la résolution de systèmes polynomiaux pour les systèmes carrés, l'utilisation de ces méthodes pour résoudre des systèmes surdéterminés n'est pas si claire. Hors, les systèmes déterminants sont surdéterminés avec plus d'équations que d'inconnues. Nous fournissons des algorithmes d'homotopie probabilistes qui tirent parti de la structure déterminantielle pour calculer des points isolés dans les ensembles des zéros de tels systèmes. Les temps d'exécution de nos algorithmes sont polynomiaux dans la somme des multiplicités des points isolés et du degré de la courbe d'homotopie. Nous donnons également des bornes sur le nombre de points isolés que nous devons calculer dans trois contextes: toutes les termes de l'entrée sont dans des anneaux polynomiaux classiques, tous ces polynômes sont creux, et ce sont des polynômes à degrés pondérés. Dans la seconde moitié de la thèse, nous abordons le problème de la recherche de points critiques d'une application polynomiale symétrique sur un ensemble algébrique invariant. Nous exploitons les propriétés d'invariance de l'entrée pour diviser l'espace de solution en fonction des orbites du groupe symétrique. Cela nous permet de concevoir un algorithme qui donne une description triangulaire de l'espace des solutions et qui s'exécute en temps polynomial dans le nombre de points que nous devons calculer. Nos résultats sont illustrés par des applications à l'étude d'ensembles algébriques réels définis par des systèmes polynomiaux invariants au moyen de la méthode des points critiques.
- Published
- 2020
5. Algorithmes d'homotopie pour la résolution de systèmes déterminants structurés
- Author
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Vu, Thi Xuan, Cheriton School of Computer Science [Waterloo] (CS), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Polynomial Systems (PolSys), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (France), University of Waterloo (Canada), Mohab Safey El Din, Sorbonne Université (France), George Labahn, University of Waterloo (Canada), and Éric Schost, University of Waterloo (Canada)
- Subjects
Symbolic computation ,Symbolic homotopy continuation ,Système d'équations algébriques ,Polynomial systems solving ,Systèmes polynomiaux invariants ,Homotopie symbolique ,[INFO]Computer Science [cs] ,[MATH]Mathematics [math] ,Calcul formel et symbolique ,Invariant algebraic systems ,Determinantal systems - Abstract
Multivariate polynomial systems arising in numerous applications have special structures. In particular, determinantal structures and invariant systems appear in a wide range of applications such as in polynomial optimization and related questions in real algebraic geometry. The goal of this thesis is to provide efficient algorithms to solve such structured systems. In order to solve the first kind of systems, we design efficient algorithms by using the symbolic homotopy continuation techniques. While the homotopy methods, in both numeric and symbolic, are well-understood and widely used in polynomial system solving for square systems, the use of these methods to solve over-detemined systems is not so clear. Meanwhile, determinantal systems are over-determined with more equations than unknowns. We provide probabilistic homotopy algorithms which take advantage of the determinantal structure to compute isolated points in the zero-sets of determinantal systems. The runtimes of our algorithms are polynomial in the sum of the multiplicities of isolated points and the degree of the homotopy curve. We also give the bounds on the number of isolated points that we have to compute in three contexts: all entries of the input are in classical polynomial rings, all these polynomials are sparse, and they are weighted polynomials. In the second half of the thesis, we deal with the problem of finding critical points of a symmetric polynomial map on an invariant algebraic set. We exploit the invariance properties of the input to split the solution space according to the orbits of the symmetric group. This allows us to design an algorithm which gives a triangular description of the solution space and which runs in time polynomial in the number of points that we have to compute. Our results are illustrated by applications in studying real algebraic sets defined by invariant polynomial systems by the means of the critical point method.; Les systèmes polynomiaux multivariés apparaissant dans de nombreuses applications ont des structures spéciales et les systèmes invariants apparaissent dans un large éventail d'applications telles que dans l’optimisation polynomiale et des questions connexes en géométrie algébrique réelle. Le but de cette thèse est de fournir des algorithmes efficaces pour résoudre de tels systèmes structurés. Afin de résoudre le premier type de systèmes, nous concevons des algorithmes efficaces en utilisant les techniques d’homotopie symbolique. Alors que les méthodes d'homotopie, à la fois numériques et symboliques, sont bien comprises et largement utilisées dans la résolution de systèmes polynomiaux pour les systèmes carrés, l'utilisation de ces méthodes pour résoudre des systèmes surdéterminés n'est pas si claire. Hors, les systèmes déterminants sont surdéterminés avec plus d'équations que d'inconnues. Nous fournissons des algorithmes d'homotopie probabilistes qui tirent parti de la structure déterminantielle pour calculer des points isolés dans les ensembles des zéros de tels systèmes. Les temps d'exécution de nos algorithmes sont polynomiaux dans la somme des multiplicités des points isolés et du degré de la courbe d'homotopie. Nous donnons également des bornes sur le nombre de points isolés que nous devons calculer dans trois contextes: toutes les termes de l'entrée sont dans des anneaux polynomiaux classiques, tous ces polynômes sont creux, et ce sont des polynômes à degrés pondérés. Dans la seconde moitié de la thèse, nous abordons le problème de la recherche de points critiques d'une application polynomiale symétrique sur un ensemble algébrique invariant. Nous exploitons les propriétés d'invariance de l'entrée pour diviser l'espace de solution en fonction des orbites du groupe symétrique. Cela nous permet de concevoir un algorithme qui donne une description triangulaire de l'espace des solutions et qui s'exécute en temps polynomial dans le nombre de points que nous devons calculer. Nos résultats sont illustrés par des applications à l'étude d'ensembles algébriques réels définis par des systèmes polynomiaux invariants au moyen de la méthode des points critiques.
- Published
- 2020
6. Influence Work, Resistance, and Educational Life-Worlds: Quintilian’s [Marcus Fabius Quintilianus] (35-95 CE) Analysis of Roman Oratory as an Instructive Ethnohistorical Resource and Conceptual Precursor of Symbolic Interactionist Scholarship
- Author
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Robert Prus and University of Waterloo, Canada
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Rhetoric ,Aristotle ,Courtroom Exchanges ,Roman Oratory ,Quintilian ,Impression Management ,Ethnohistory ,General Social Sciences ,American Pragmatism ,Symbolic Interactionism ,Cicero ,Persuasive Interchange ,Education - Abstract
Despite the striking affinities of classical Greek and Latin rhetoric with the pragmatist/interactionist analysis of the situated negotiation of reality and its profound relevance for the analysis of human group life more generally, few contemporary social scientists are aware of the exceptionally astute analyses of persuasive interchange developed by Aristotle, Cicero, and Quintilian. Having considered the analyses of rhetoric developed by Aristotle (384-322 BCE) and Cicero (106-43 BCE) in interactionist terms (Prus 2007a; 2010), the present paper examines Quintilian’s (35-95 CE) contributions to the study of persuasive interchange more specifically and the nature of human knowing and acting more generally. Focusing on the education and practices of orators (rhetoricians), Quintilian (a practitioner as well as a distinctively thorough instructor of the craft) provides one of the most sustained, most systematic analyses of influence work and resistance to be found in the literature. Following an overview of Quintilian’s “ethnohistorical” account of Roman oratory, this paper concludes by drawing conceptual parallels between Quintilian’s analysis of influence work and the broader, transcontextual features of symbolic interactionist scholarship (Mead 1934; Blumer 1969; Prus 1996; 1997; 1999; Prus and Grills 2003). This includes “generic social processes” such as: acquiring perspectives, attending to identity, being involved, doing activity, engaging in persuasive interchange, developing relationships, experiencing emotionality, attaining linguistic fluency, and participating in collective events. Offering a great many departure points for comparative analysis, as well as ethnographic examinations of the influence process, Quintilian’s analysis is particularly instructive as he addresses these and related aspects of human knowing, acting, and interchange in highly direct, articulate, and detailed ways. Acknowledging the conceptual, methodological, and analytic affinities of The Institutio Oratoria of Quintilian with symbolic interactionism, an epilogue, Quintilian as an Intellectual Precursor to American Pragmatist Thought and the Interactionist Study of Human Group Life, addresses the relative lack of attention given to classical Greek and Latin scholarship by the American pragmatists and their intellectual progeny, as well as the importance of maintaining a more sustained transcontextual and transhistorical focus on the study of human knowing, acting, and interchange.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Residential micro-hub load model using neural network
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Bhattacharya, Kankar [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2015
- Full Text
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8. Enhanced piezoelectricity in lead-free halide perovskite nanocomposite for self-powered wireless electronics
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Md Masud Rana, Asif Abdullah Khan, Weiguang Zhu, Md Fahim Al Fattah, Sathursan Kokilathasan, Shazzad Rassel, Rozenn Bernard, Soraya Ababou-Girard, Pascal Turban, Shuhong Xu, Chunlei Wang, Dayan Ban, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Southeast University, Henan University of Economics and Law, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) [CRDPJ 514858-17], Ontario Centers of Excellence (OCE) , Canada [VIP II-28314], University of Waterloo, Canada [10001-10643], National Science Fund for Excel-lent Young Scholars [61822503], Natural Science Foun-dation of China [22075043, 21875034, 61704093], and Foundation of Jiangsu Province for Outstanding Young Teachers in University [BK20180064]
- Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics] ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Lead-free hybrid perovskite ,Wireless power transmitter ,General Materials Science ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Piezoelectric nanogenerator ,Energy-harvesting ,FASnBr(3)-PDMS composite PENG - Abstract
International audience; Lately, lead-free flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators (PENGs) have drawn much attention because of the threat posed by lead (Pb)-based piezoelectric materials to the environment. Here, we reported an organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHP) PENG, which is a combination of lead-free formamidinium tin (Sn) halide perovskite (CH(NH2)(2)SnBr3 (FASnBr(3))) nanoparticles (NPs) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer matrix. By using piezoelectric force microscopy (PFM) measurements, we unveil the excellent piezoelectric properties of the FASnBr(3) NPs with a high piezoelectric charge coefficient (d(33)) of similar to 50 pm/V. Due to the outstanding flexibility and uniform distribution properties, the device demonstrated a maximum piezoelectric peak to peak output voltage of 94.5 Vp-p, peak to peak current of 19.1 mu Ap-p, and output power density of 18.95 mu W/cm(2) with a tiny force of 4.2 N; these characteristics substantially outperform a number of the state-of-the-art halide perovskite based PENGs (Table S1). Given their high electromechanical energy conversion efficiency, the electrical energy produced from the PENGs was used to power a Bluetooth-capable system on chip (SoC) to build an entirely self-powered radio frequency (RF) communication system. For the first time, we established a self-powered RF wireless communication between nanogenerator and smart electronic devices which is solely based on a lead-free PENG. It is anticipated that the fabricated FASnBr(3)@PDMS nanocomposite PENG not only possesses outstanding performance and reliability but also serves as a stepping-stone towards achieving self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices built using environment-friendly perovskite piezoelectric materials.
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- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. COMPUTATIONAL BEAM DYNAMICS STUDIES OF COLLECTIVE INSTABILITIES OBSERVED IN SNS
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Jain, Lalit [University of Waterloo, Canada]
- Published
- 2008
10. Improved Draft Genome Sequence of Clostridium pasteurianum Strain ATCC 6013 (DSM 525) Using a Hybrid Next-Generation Sequencing Approach
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Chou, Perry [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2014
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11. Effect of Melatonin and Cholesterol on the Structure of DOPC and DPPC Membranes
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Leonenko, Z [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2013
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12. Long-range order and spin-liquid states of polycrystalline Tb2+xTi2-xO7+y
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Kycia, J [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2013
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13. Lithium Metal Fluorosulfate Polymorphs as Positive Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Synthetic Strategies and Effect of Cation Ordering
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Nazar, L. [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2012
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14. Comparison between measurements, simulations, and theoretical predictions of the extraction kicker transverse dipole instability in the Spallation Neutron Source
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Jain, Lalit [University of Waterloo, Canada]
- Published
- 2011
15. Probing the quantumness of channels with mixed states
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Luetkenhaus, Norbert [Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo (Canada) and Quantum Information Theory Group, University of Erlangen (Germany)]
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- 2009
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16. Constructing Masculinity in Women’s Retailers: An Analysis of the Effect of Gendered Market Segmentation on Consumer Behavior
- Author
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Elena Neiterman, Eric Filice, Samantha B Meyer, University of Waterloo, Canada, Eric Filice is a doctoral candidate in the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. His research involves using interdisciplinary methods to examine the intersecting effects of cis/heterosexism, racism, and neoliberal political economy in shaping the scope and determinants of population-level health inequities., Elena Neiterman is a Lecturer at the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. Her research interests include sociology of health and illness, women’s health and wellbeing, sociology of the body, and qualitative research methods., Samantha B. Meyer is an Associate Professor in the School of Public Health and Health Systems at the University of Waterloo, Ontario. She is an applied social scientist and her research is focused on understanding the social and structural factors that shape health service use in Canada and Australia, particularly by vulnerable populations., elena.neiterman@uwaterloo.ca, and samantha.meyer@uwaterloo.ca
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media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Context (language use) ,0601 history and archaeology ,Sociology ,Consumer behaviour ,media_common ,Masculinity ,060101 anthropology ,05 social sciences ,Retail ,Market Segmentation ,General Social Sciences ,Gender ,Gender studies ,06 humanities and the arts ,Consumer Behavior ,Social constructionism ,Femininity ,Unisex ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,050903 gender studies ,Heterosexuality ,0509 other social sciences ,Hegemonic masculinity - Abstract
While gender-based differences in consumer behavior have been previously investigated within the context of gender-neutral or unisex retailers, men’s behavior in women’s retailers remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, most studies frame the retail environment as a passive platform through which essential gender differences yield setting-specific bifurcated behavior, and do not address the role the commercial establishment and men’s shopping habits play in gender identity formation and maintenance. To address this gap, we analyzed men’s behavior in women’s retailers using interactionist and social constructionist theories of sex/gender. Data were collected through non-participatory observation at a series of large, enclosed shopping malls in South-Western Ontario, Canada and analyzed thematically. We found that men tend to actively avoid women’s retailers or commercial spaces that connote femininity, while those who enter said spaces display passivity, aloofness, or reticence. We suggest the dominant cultural milieu that constitute hegemonic masculinity— disaffiliation with femininity, an accentuation of heterosexuality, and a prioritization of homosocial engagement—nform the dialectical relationship between individual and institutional gender practice that manifests through consumption.
- Published
- 2019
17. Blind deconvolution of fundamental and harmonic ultrasound images
- Author
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Giulia Matrone, Jean-Yves Tourneret, Oleg V. Michailovich, Adrian Basarab, Alessandro Ramalli, Denis Kouame, Mohamad Hourani, CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Università degli Studi di Pavia, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven - KU LEUVEN (BELGIUM), University of Waterloo (CANADA), and Università di Pavia (ITALY)
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Blind deconvolution ,Point spread function ,Scattering ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Harmonic ultrasound imaging ,Function (mathematics) ,Inverse problem ,01 natural sciences ,Image (mathematics) ,Convolution ,Image restoration ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,0103 physical sciences ,Ultrasound imaging ,Harmonic ,Traitement du signal et de l'image ,business ,010301 acoustics ,Algorithm - Abstract
International audience; Restoring the tissue reflectivity function (TRF) from ultrasound (US) images is an extensively explored research field. It is well-known that human tissues and contrast agents have a non-linear behavior when interacting with US waves. In this work, we investigate this non-linearity and the interest of including harmonic US images in the TRF restoration process. Therefore, we introduce a new US image restoration method taking advantage of the fundamental and harmonic components of the observed radiofrequency (RF) image. The depth information contained in the fundamental component and the good resolution of the harmonic image are combined to create an image with better properties than the fundamental and harmonic images considered separately. Under the hypothesis of weak scattering, the RF image is modeled as the 2D convolution between the TRF and the system point spread function (PSF). An inverse problem is formulated based on this model able to jointly estimate the TRF and the PSF. The interest of the proposed blind deconvolution algorithm is shown through an in vivo result and compared to a conventional US restoration method.
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- 2020
18. Dilute-solution Structure of Charged Arborescent Graft Polymer
- Author
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Gauthier, Mario [University of Waterloo, Canada]
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- 2006
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19. The Timing of Pregnancy: Women’s Interpretations of Planned and Unplanned Pregnancy
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Elena Neiterman, Yvonne LeBlanc, University of Waterloo, Canada, McMaster University, Canada, and elena.neiterman@uwaterloo.ca
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Pregnancy ,Planned and Unplanned Pregnancy ,05 social sciences ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Life events ,General Social Sciences ,medicine.disease ,Social constructionism ,Ambivalence ,Developmental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,0302 clinical medicine ,Unplanned pregnancy ,medicine ,Women’s Interpretations ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Timing ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Sociology ,Norm (social) ,Transition to Motherhood ,050104 developmental & child psychology - Abstract
In this paper, we apply the concept of timing to explore the meaning that women attach towards planned and unplanned pregnancy. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with 42 Canadian women who were pregnant or recently gave birth to examine how they experience the transition to motherhood. We contend that the timing of pregnancy is a socially constructed norm that impacts women through a complex range of life events and circumstances. Participants’ accounts suggest a gamut of compliance, ambivalence, and defiance towards the “timing of pregnancy” standards. Situating women’s decisions on childbearing within the continuum of their life trajectories and societal expectations surrounding pregnancy allows for better understanding of the interplay between women’s personal choices and the social norms informing these decisions.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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20. Vers des matériaux énergétiques durables : élargissement de l'analyse du cycle de vie pour le développement de technologies émergentes et des choix économes en ressources
- Author
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Glogic, Edis, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Guido W. Sonnemann, and Steven B. Young
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Analyse du cycle de vie ,Life cycle assessment ,Évaluation environnementale ,Environmental assessment ,Sustainable materials ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Matériaux durables - Abstract
Energy materials are particularly important from a sustainability perspective for advancing renewable energy systems, including energy production and storage. Their appropriate use and development require quantitative assessment methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to support sustainable development that can be used to identify environmental hotspots and compare different technologies. The purpose of this research is to support development of several energy materials and make LCA a more relevant tool for sustainability assessment by extending its use in two emerging directions: assessment of technologies at the early stage of development, and by supporting more resource-effective choices for a circular economy.The research objectives focus on informing the development of technologies and identifying methodological challenges and opportunities by applying LCA to three energy-technology case studies, each at a different technological maturity level. In the first case study, alkaline batteries, currently at a high maturity level (incumbent products), are evaluated using LCA in combination with a circular economy indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI). The aim was to investigate opportunities to combine the two methods, while considering trade-offs between indicators for different strategies for battery design and management. In the second case study, nickel-cobalt hydroxide charge storage electrodes, currently at a low maturity level (laboratory-scale), are evaluated to investigate environmental hotspots and preferred synthesis route. In the third case study, organic photovoltaic portable chargers for small electronics, currently at a medium maturity level (pilot-scale), are evaluated for replacing conventional electricity grid for charging a mobile phone.; Les matériaux énergétiques sont particulièrement intéressants du point de vue du développement durable pour faire progresser les systèmes d’énergie renouvelable, notamment les énergies de production et de stockage. Leurs utilisations appropriées ainsi que leur développement requièrent une méthode d’évaluation quantitative. L’Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) est une méthode qui soutient le développement durable par l’identification de priorités environnementales ainsi que par la comparaison de différentes technologies. Cette recherche vise à soutenir le développement des matériaux énergétiques et de faire de la méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie un outil plus pertinent pour l'évaluation environnementale à travers l’extension de son usage dans deux directions émergentes : l’évaluation des technologies au début de leur développement et le soutien des choix économes en ressources dans le contexte d'une économie circulaire.Les objectifs de recherche se focalisent sur le développement de l’information relatives aux technologies ainsi que sur la méthodologie d’identification des défis et opportunités par l’application de l’ACV sur trois études de cas de technologie énergétique à différents niveaux de maturité. Dans le premier cas d’étude, les piles alcalines, actuellement à haut niveau de maturité () sont évalué grâce à l’utilisation de l’ACV combiné avec un indicateur d’économie circulaire, l'indicateur de circularité du matériau (MCI). Le but était d’explorer une opportunité de couplage des deux méthodes ainsi que les compromis entre les indicateurs pour différentes stratégies de conception et de gestion de ces batteries. Dans le deuxième cas d’étude, les électrodes à base d’hydroxyde de nickel-cobalt, à présent à bas niveau de maturité (échelle de laboratoire) sont évaluées dans l’optique d’étudier des priorités environnementales des voies de synthèse favorables. Dans le troisième cas d’étude, les chargeurs organiques photovoltaïques portables pour petits équipements éléctroniques, actuellement à un niveau de maturité intermédiaire (échelle pilote), sont évalués pour remplacement du réseau électrique traditionnel pour le chargement de téléphones portables.
- Published
- 2019
21. Towards sustainable energy materials : broadening life cycle assessment for emerging technology development and resource-effective choices
- Author
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GLOGIC, Edis, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Guido W. Sonnemann, Steven B. Young, STAR, ABES, Sonnemann, Guido, Young, Steven B., Reller, Armin, Mckellar, Jennifer, Laratte, Bertrand, Dias, Goretty, Tsang, Michael, and Servant, Laurent
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Analyse du cycle de vie ,Life cycle assessment ,Évaluation environnementale ,Environmental assessment ,Sustainable materials ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Matériaux durables ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] - Abstract
Energy materials are particularly important from a sustainability perspective for advancing renewable energy systems, including energy production and storage. Their appropriate use and development require quantitative assessment methods. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a method to support sustainable development that can be used to identify environmental hotspots and compare different technologies. The purpose of this research is to support development of several energy materials and make LCA a more relevant tool for sustainability assessment by extending its use in two emerging directions: assessment of technologies at the early stage of development, and by supporting more resource-effective choices for a circular economy.The research objectives focus on informing the development of technologies and identifying methodological challenges and opportunities by applying LCA to three energy-technology case studies, each at a different technological maturity level. In the first case study, alkaline batteries, currently at a high maturity level (incumbent products), are evaluated using LCA in combination with a circular economy indicator, the Material Circularity Indicator (MCI). The aim was to investigate opportunities to combine the two methods, while considering trade-offs between indicators for different strategies for battery design and management. In the second case study, nickel-cobalt hydroxide charge storage electrodes, currently at a low maturity level (laboratory-scale), are evaluated to investigate environmental hotspots and preferred synthesis route. In the third case study, organic photovoltaic portable chargers for small electronics, currently at a medium maturity level (pilot-scale), are evaluated for replacing conventional electricity grid for charging a mobile phone., Les matériaux énergétiques sont particulièrement intéressants du point de vue du développement durable pour faire progresser les systèmes d’énergie renouvelable, notamment les énergies de production et de stockage. Leurs utilisations appropriées ainsi que leur développement requièrent une méthode d’évaluation quantitative. L’Analyse de Cycle de Vie (ACV) est une méthode qui soutient le développement durable par l’identification de priorités environnementales ainsi que par la comparaison de différentes technologies. Cette recherche vise à soutenir le développement des matériaux énergétiques et de faire de la méthode d'analyse du cycle de vie un outil plus pertinent pour l'évaluation environnementale à travers l’extension de son usage dans deux directions émergentes : l’évaluation des technologies au début de leur développement et le soutien des choix économes en ressources dans le contexte d'une économie circulaire.Les objectifs de recherche se focalisent sur le développement de l’information relatives aux technologies ainsi que sur la méthodologie d’identification des défis et opportunités par l’application de l’ACV sur trois études de cas de technologie énergétique à différents niveaux de maturité. Dans le premier cas d’étude, les piles alcalines, actuellement à haut niveau de maturité () sont évalué grâce à l’utilisation de l’ACV combiné avec un indicateur d’économie circulaire, l'indicateur de circularité du matériau (MCI). Le but était d’explorer une opportunité de couplage des deux méthodes ainsi que les compromis entre les indicateurs pour différentes stratégies de conception et de gestion de ces batteries. Dans le deuxième cas d’étude, les électrodes à base d’hydroxyde de nickel-cobalt, à présent à bas niveau de maturité (échelle de laboratoire) sont évaluées dans l’optique d’étudier des priorités environnementales des voies de synthèse favorables. Dans le troisième cas d’étude, les chargeurs organiques photovoltaïques portables pour petits équipements éléctroniques, actuellement à un niveau de maturité intermédiaire (échelle pilote), sont évalués pour remplacement du réseau électrique traditionnel pour le chargement de téléphones portables.
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- 2019
22. Iterative Reconstruction of Medical Ultrasound Images Using Spectrally Constrained Phase Updates
- Author
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Adrian Basarab, Oleg V. Michailovich, Denis Kouame, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], CoMputational imagINg anD viSion (IRIT-MINDS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Waterloo (CANADA), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
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Point spread function ,Blind deconvolution ,Medical ultrasound ,Alternating minimization ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Ultrasound ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,Iterative reconstruction ,01 natural sciences ,Rendering (computer graphics) ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,0103 physical sciences ,All-pass filtering ,[INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging ,Traitement du signal et de l'image ,Computer vision ,Deconvolution ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,010301 acoustics - Abstract
International audience; Image deconvolution is a standard numerical procedure used in medical ultrasound imaging for improving the resolution and contrast of diagnostic sonograms. However, due to the intrinsic bandlimitedness of ultrasound scanners and the adverse effect of measurement noises, image deconvolution is known to be exceedingly sensitive to the errors incurred during inference of the point spread function (PSF) that characterizes the imaging system in use. In this case, even the slightest errors in specification of the PSF are likely to result in significant artifacts, rendering the reconstructed images worthless. To address the aforementioned problem, this paper describes a new method for blind deconvolution of ultrasound images, in which the errors due to inaccuracies in specification of the PSF are eliminated concurrently with estimation of tissue reflectivity directly from its associated radio-frequency data. A principal derivation and justification of the proposed method are supported by experimental results which demonstrate the effectiveness and viability of the new technique.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Recycled bio-sourced glycerol and diglycerol for asphalt release agents (ARA)
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Gildas Nyame Mendendy Boussambe, Zéphirin Mouloungui, Alexandra Bertron, Peter Mikhailenko, Romain Valentin, Erick Ringot, Laboratoire Matériaux et Durabilité des constructions (LMDC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle (LCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Toulouse, Chimie Agro-Industrielle (CAI), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), FUI (French Designated Inter-Ministry Fund), AGRIBTP research project (BPI France - Region Midi-Pyrenees), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique - INRA (FRANCE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse - INSA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), University of Waterloo (CANADA), Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-Industrielle - LCA (Toulouse, France), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole nationale supérieure des ingénieurs en arts chimiques et technologiques (ENSIACET), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE)
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Glycerol ,Matériaux ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,02 engineering and technology ,glycerol ,Undecenoates ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,[SPI.GCIV.IT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering/Infrastructures de transport ,Bio-sourced ,Adsorption ,esters ,Autre ,diglycerol ,undecylenic acid ,021105 building & construction ,0502 economics and business ,Ultimate tensile strength ,medicine ,Acetone ,Asphalt release agents ,Civil and Structural Engineering ,050210 logistics & transportation ,Chemistry ,[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,bio-sourced ,05 social sciences ,Transesterification ,FTIR analysis ,Pulp and paper industry ,Asphalt testing ,Undecylenic acid ,asphalt testing ,Asphalt ,asphalt release agents ,[CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other ,medicine.drug - Abstract
International audience; The objective of this study is to develop bio-sourced waste chemicals for use as asphalt release agents. Glycerol was extracted from bio-sourced waste and transformed by transesterification into the surfactants undecenoates of glycerol (MUG) and undecenoates of diglycerol (MUDG). They were composed of glycerol, monoglycerol, diglycerol, triglycerol, tetraglycerol and water. The formulations were mixed separately with water at quantities of 5-50%, along with acetone and commercial bio-sourced ARAs in order to observe the effects. The formulations were subjected to performance testing with the asphalt slide test, finding significant reduction in adhesion for a number of different formulations. The interaction of the formulations with bitumen was tested by the bitumen degradation test, which was combined with FTIR-ATR analysis, finding that the formulations do not dissolve the bitumen, but rather were adsorbed by the bitumen. The effects on asphalt mix of the best performing formulation, MUG at 20% in water, was tested by indirect tensile strength, determining that the formulation was acceptable for use in the field.
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- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Redefining the Sociological Paradigm: Emile Durkheim and the Scientific Study of Morality
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Robert Prus, University of Waterloo, Canada, and Robert Prus is a sociologist (Professor Emeritus) at the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. A symbolic interactionist, ethnographer, social theorist, and ethnohistorian. Robert Prus has been examining the conceptual and methodological connections of American pragmatist philosophy and its sociological offshoot, symbolic interactionism, with Classical Greek, Latin, and interim scholarship. In addition to his work on the developmental flows of pragmatist social thought in rhetoric, he also has been studying the flows of Western social thought in the interrelated areas of poetics (fictional representations), philosophy, ethnohistory, religion, education and scholarship, love and friendship, politics and governing practices, and deviance and morality. As part of a larger venture, Robert Prus also has been analyzing a fuller range of texts produced by Emile Durkheim (most notably Durkheim’s later, but lesser known, works on morality, education, religion, and philosophy), mindfully of their pragmatist affinities with Aristotle’s foundational emphasis on the nature of human knowing and acting, as well as Blumerian symbolic interactionism.
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Pragmatism ,History ,Statement (logic) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Humanism ,Symbolic interactionism ,Symbolic Interaction ,German Social Realism ,Aristotle ,Sociology ,0601 history and archaeology ,Theory ,Folk Psychology ,media_common ,Ethics ,060101 anthropology ,Field (Bourdieu) ,05 social sciences ,General Social Sciences ,06 humanities and the arts ,Morality ,Epistemology ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Emile Durkheim ,050903 gender studies ,Folk psychology ,Wilhelm Wundt ,0509 other social sciences ,Positivism - Abstract
Whereas Emile Durkheim (1858-1917) has long been envisioned as a structuralist, quantitative, and positivist sociologist, some materials that Durkheim produced in the later stages of his career—namely, Moral Education (1961 [1902-1903]), The Evolution of Educational Thought (1977 [1904-1905]), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1915 [1912]), and Pragmatism and Sociology (1983 [1913-1914]) attest to a very different conception of sociology—one with particular relevance to the study of human knowing, acting, and interchange. Although scarcely known in the social sciences, Emile Durkheim’s (1993 [1887]) “La Science Positive de la Morale en Allemagne” [“The Scientific Study of Morality in Germany”] is an exceptionally important statement for establishing the base of much of Durkheim’s subsequent social thought and for comprehending the field of sociology more generally. This includes the structuralist-pragmatist divide and the more distinctively humanist approach to the study of community life that Durkheim most visibly develops later (1961 [1902-1903]; 1977 [1904-1905]; 1915 [1912]; 1983 [1913-1914]) in his career.
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- 2019
25. Amélioration des performances d'électrodes conductrices et transparentes en modifiant le design de nanofils d'argent
- Author
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Madeira, Alexandra, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Mona Tréguer-Delapierre, Laurent Servant, and Irene A Goldthorpe
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Optoélectronique ,Optoelectronic ,Electrodes transparentes+ ,Transparent electrodes ,Polyol process ,Nanomatériaux ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Silver nanowires ,Nano-fils d’argent ,Procédé polyol ,Colloidal synthesis ,Synthèse colloïdale ,Films ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
Transparent electrodes are a necessary component in a number of devices such as solar cells,flat panel displays, touch screens and light emitting diodes. The most commonly usedtransparent conductor, indium tin oxide (ITO), is expensive and brittle, the latter propertymaking it inappropriate for up-and-coming flexible devices. Films consisting of randomnetworks of solution-synthesized silver nanowires have emerged as a promising alternative toITO. They have transparency and conductivity values better than competing new technologies(e.g. carbon nanotubes films, graphene, conductive polymers, etc.) and comparable to ITO.Furthermore, these silver nanowire films are cheap, flexible, and compatible with roll-to-rolldeposition techniques. The main objectives of this PhD work are to improve the properties ofsilver nanowire electrodes and to study and solve issues that are currently hindering their usein commercial devices. Specifically, I studied the important areas of electrode conductivity andstability. To increase the conductivity of nanowire electrodes, two silver nanostructuresdifferent from what is commercially available were synthesized i) ultra-long nanowires and (ii)branched nanowires. Regarding (i), by using 1.2-propanediol as the medium rather than thetypical ethylene glycol in the polyol synthesis process, as well as the molecular weight of PVP,the temperature of the process, or the concentration of silver nitrate, we obtained silvernanowires with an aspect ratio between their lengths and diameters of 1050. Among all theultra-long silver nanowires elaborated in polyol process reported in the literature, they have themaximum length. The synthesis developed is also cheap and the reaction time takes less than2h. Moreover, they have a high yield of 2 mg/ml. Electrodes with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω/Sqfor a transparency of 94% were obtained (with post thermal treatment applied). However, thispost-deposition anneal is shown to have a small influence on the decrease of the sheetresistance. It is thus not required to elaborate electrodes with good performance, which is veryadvantageous for the elaboration of electrodes on plastic substrates. Regarding (ii), “V-like shape” or “Y-like branched” nanowires were elaborated thanks to the input of ultrasonicirradiation during the polyol process. Unfortunately, their length being short (6 μm), theirinterest is limited to enhance the performance of transparent electrodes. In addition, structuralanalyses of both branched and unbranched nanowires revealed the nanostructures notmonocrystalline. Concerning the stabilities issues, the thermal stability of silver nanowireelectrodes coated with graphene was investigated. This coating allows a better homogeneity ofthe heat through the network, decreasing the number of hot spots and thus increasing thelifetime of the electrodes. The corrosion of silver nanowire and the resulting electrode resistanceincrease over time is a severe problem hindering their use in commercial devices. 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MuA) was identified as a promising passivation agent of silvernanowires. Lifetime testing showed that the electrode resistance increased more slowly (12%)than any other passivated electrodes reported in the literature. Furthermore, unlike many otherpassivation methods, the MuA molecule itself does not negatively affect the conductivity ortransparency of the electrode and is very inexpensive, all contributing to the commercialviability of the passivation method.; Les électrodes transparentes sont les composants indispensables de nombreux dispositifsoptoélectroniques commerciaux (cellules solaires, écrans plats, écrans tactiles ou encorediodes électroluminescentes). Elles sont constituées le plus souvent d’oxyde d’indium etd'étain (ITO). Les électrodes à base d'ITO sont produites par un procédé relativementcoûteux et sont très fragiles à la contrainte mécanique, ce qui limite leur utilisation au seinde dispositifs optoélectroniques flexibles. Des matériaux alternatifs, sans indium, à base deréseaux de nano-fils d’argent, font actuellement l'objet d'un grand nombre de recherches.Ces réseaux à base de nanostructures métalliques ont des propriétés opto-électroniquescomparables voire supérieures à celles de l’ITO. Ils sont adaptables à des substrats flexibleset sont compatibles avec les procédés de dépôt « roll to roll ». L'objectif de cette thèse estd'explorer de nouvelles voies de synthèse et de modification de surface de nanofils d'argentpour développer des électrodes transparentes plus performantes. De nouvelles nanostructuresmétalliques, différentes de celles commercialisées, ont été élaborées : (i) des fils d’argentultra-longs (ii) des fils d’argent présentant une architecture inhabituelle i.e avec desramifications. Des paramètres clés du procédé polyol ont été modifiés pour élaborer les filsà facteur de forme très élevé. Ils ont permis d'accroître les performancesrésistance/transparence des dispositifs conventionnels. Des nano-fils d’argent de forme « Y» ou « V » ont également été synthétisés en soumettant le milieu de croissance à des ultrasons.Ces nanostructures devraient permettre de limiter les problèmes de conduction quiapparaissent, à l'heure actuelle, au niveau des contacts entre les fils dans les dispositifsnanostructurés. Par ailleurs, des réseaux de fils d'argent modifiés en surface avec de l'acide11-mercaptoundecanoïque (MuA) ont été élaborés. Ils constituent une solution trèsintéressante pour améliorer la stabilité chimique des réseaux métalliques. Le MuA limite l'oxydation de surface du métal et permet aux électrodes de conserver leurs transparence etconductivité initiales.
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- 2018
26. Enhancing the performance of transparent electrodes through the design of new silver nanostructures
- Author
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MADEIRA, Alexandra, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Mona Tréguer-Delapierre, Laurent Servant, Irene A Goldthorpe, STAR, ABES, Guillaume Viau [Rapporteur], Jean-Yves Piquemal [Rapporteur], Mario Maglione [Rapporteur], Daniel Bellet, and Zbigniew Wasilewski
- Subjects
[CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Optoélectronique ,Optoelectronic ,Electrodes transparentes+ ,Transparent electrodes ,Polyol process ,Nanomatériaux ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,Silver nanowires ,Nano-fils d’argent ,Procédé polyol ,Colloidal synthesis ,Synthèse colloïdale ,Films ,Nanomaterials - Abstract
Transparent electrodes are a necessary component in a number of devices such as solar cells,flat panel displays, touch screens and light emitting diodes. The most commonly usedtransparent conductor, indium tin oxide (ITO), is expensive and brittle, the latter propertymaking it inappropriate for up-and-coming flexible devices. Films consisting of randomnetworks of solution-synthesized silver nanowires have emerged as a promising alternative toITO. They have transparency and conductivity values better than competing new technologies(e.g. carbon nanotubes films, graphene, conductive polymers, etc.) and comparable to ITO.Furthermore, these silver nanowire films are cheap, flexible, and compatible with roll-to-rolldeposition techniques. The main objectives of this PhD work are to improve the properties ofsilver nanowire electrodes and to study and solve issues that are currently hindering their usein commercial devices. Specifically, I studied the important areas of electrode conductivity andstability. To increase the conductivity of nanowire electrodes, two silver nanostructuresdifferent from what is commercially available were synthesized i) ultra-long nanowires and (ii)branched nanowires. Regarding (i), by using 1.2-propanediol as the medium rather than thetypical ethylene glycol in the polyol synthesis process, as well as the molecular weight of PVP,the temperature of the process, or the concentration of silver nitrate, we obtained silvernanowires with an aspect ratio between their lengths and diameters of 1050. Among all theultra-long silver nanowires elaborated in polyol process reported in the literature, they have themaximum length. The synthesis developed is also cheap and the reaction time takes less than2h. Moreover, they have a high yield of 2 mg/ml. Electrodes with a sheet resistance of 5 Ω/Sqfor a transparency of 94% were obtained (with post thermal treatment applied). However, thispost-deposition anneal is shown to have a small influence on the decrease of the sheetresistance. It is thus not required to elaborate electrodes with good performance, which is veryadvantageous for the elaboration of electrodes on plastic substrates. Regarding (ii), “V-like shape” or “Y-like branched” nanowires were elaborated thanks to the input of ultrasonicirradiation during the polyol process. Unfortunately, their length being short (6 μm), theirinterest is limited to enhance the performance of transparent electrodes. In addition, structuralanalyses of both branched and unbranched nanowires revealed the nanostructures notmonocrystalline. Concerning the stabilities issues, the thermal stability of silver nanowireelectrodes coated with graphene was investigated. This coating allows a better homogeneity ofthe heat through the network, decreasing the number of hot spots and thus increasing thelifetime of the electrodes. The corrosion of silver nanowire and the resulting electrode resistanceincrease over time is a severe problem hindering their use in commercial devices. 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MuA) was identified as a promising passivation agent of silvernanowires. Lifetime testing showed that the electrode resistance increased more slowly (12%)than any other passivated electrodes reported in the literature. Furthermore, unlike many otherpassivation methods, the MuA molecule itself does not negatively affect the conductivity ortransparency of the electrode and is very inexpensive, all contributing to the commercialviability of the passivation method., Les électrodes transparentes sont les composants indispensables de nombreux dispositifsoptoélectroniques commerciaux (cellules solaires, écrans plats, écrans tactiles ou encorediodes électroluminescentes). Elles sont constituées le plus souvent d’oxyde d’indium etd'étain (ITO). Les électrodes à base d'ITO sont produites par un procédé relativementcoûteux et sont très fragiles à la contrainte mécanique, ce qui limite leur utilisation au seinde dispositifs optoélectroniques flexibles. Des matériaux alternatifs, sans indium, à base deréseaux de nano-fils d’argent, font actuellement l'objet d'un grand nombre de recherches.Ces réseaux à base de nanostructures métalliques ont des propriétés opto-électroniquescomparables voire supérieures à celles de l’ITO. Ils sont adaptables à des substrats flexibleset sont compatibles avec les procédés de dépôt « roll to roll ». L'objectif de cette thèse estd'explorer de nouvelles voies de synthèse et de modification de surface de nanofils d'argentpour développer des électrodes transparentes plus performantes. De nouvelles nanostructuresmétalliques, différentes de celles commercialisées, ont été élaborées : (i) des fils d’argentultra-longs (ii) des fils d’argent présentant une architecture inhabituelle i.e avec desramifications. Des paramètres clés du procédé polyol ont été modifiés pour élaborer les filsà facteur de forme très élevé. Ils ont permis d'accroître les performancesrésistance/transparence des dispositifs conventionnels. Des nano-fils d’argent de forme « Y» ou « V » ont également été synthétisés en soumettant le milieu de croissance à des ultrasons.Ces nanostructures devraient permettre de limiter les problèmes de conduction quiapparaissent, à l'heure actuelle, au niveau des contacts entre les fils dans les dispositifsnanostructurés. Par ailleurs, des réseaux de fils d'argent modifiés en surface avec de l'acide11-mercaptoundecanoïque (MuA) ont été élaborés. Ils constituent une solution trèsintéressante pour améliorer la stabilité chimique des réseaux métalliques. Le MuA limite l'oxydation de surface du métal et permet aux électrodes de conserver leurs transparence etconductivité initiales.
- Published
- 2018
27. Smart polymeric materials by ring-opening metathesis polymerization
- Author
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Neqal , Mehdi, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Valérie Héroguez, Mario Gauthier, Sébastien Lecommandoux [Président], Jérôme Claverie [Rapporteur], Jean-Luc Six [Rapporteur], Jean Duhamel, Véronique Montembault, Aurélien Voisin, Véronique Coma, Frank Gu, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques ( LCPO ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and STAR, ABES
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[ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Polyglycidol ,[CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Romp ,Particles ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Biocide ,Macromonomères ,Particules ,Macromonomers - Abstract
The aim of this Thesis work was to address the issue of microbial contamination inside fuel tanks. Microorganisms induce the chemical corrosion of airplane tank walls due to their production of organic acids. Biocide compounds are typically used to inhibit these microorganisms, either in the form of organic small molecules, or most commonly as chromium-based coatings on the walls to hinder chemical corrosion. Organic biocides need to be replenished regularly, while chromium is a particularly dangerous compound targeted by the European Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh) legislation due to its carcinogenic nature. A replacement approach selected for this project was the development of a smart system of multifunctional polymeric particles synthesized by dispersion ROMP, which can deliver a biocide following an acidic trigger due to the presence of microorganisms. The polymerization utilized a linear α-norbornenyl-polyglycidol macromonomer as a reactive surfactant. The hydroxyl-rich polyglycidol backbone of the macromonomer was beneficial for the conjugation of dodecylamine through a pH-sensitive imine bond and permitted the preparation of highly functionalized bioactive particles. A proof of concept for the pH sensitivity of the system was provided and the antifungal efficacy of the biocide-functionalized macromonomer and particles was verified. The particles were also integrated in a coating formulation to simulate their application on tank walls. The qualities of the original coating were preserved even after prolonged exposure to corrosive conditions, making this system viable for its foreseen application., Ce travail de thèse consiste à combattre le développement microbien des réservoirs de carburant aéronautiques dont le métabolisme entraine la production d’acides organiques susceptibles de corroder les parois métalliques des réservoirs. Des substances biocides sont habituellement utilisées pour éliminer les populations microbiennes. Ces substances peuvent être des composés organiques ou bien de manière plus courante du chrome (VI) sous forme de revêtement à la surface des parois afin de créer une couche passive et d’empêcher la corrosion chimique. Cependant, le chrome appartient à la catégorie des substances cancérogènes, mutagènes et reprotoxiques et se trouve maintenant soumis à restriction par la réglementation européenne Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACh). Pour remplacer les systèmes en place, le choix s’est porté sur la préparation de particules polymères pH-sensibles capables de libérer une molécule biocide en présence de microorganismes. De telles particules sont obtenues par copolymérisation par métathèse de cyclo-oléfines (ROMP) de norbornène avec un macromonomère linéaire de polyglycidol α-norbornenyl. Ce dernier permet d’une part la stabilisation des particules et d’autre part la multifonctionnalisation de l’objet par des molécules de biocide. Celles-ci sont introduites sur la chaîne de polyglycidol via un lien imine pH-sensible par substitution des fonctions hydroxyle par des entités dodécylamine. La libération du biocide à un pH inférieur à 7 a été validée ainsi que les capacités de ces particules à lutter contre des microorganismes tel que Hormoconis resinae souche identifiée comme se développant dans les réservoirs d’avions. Dans une dernière étape, les particules fonctionnalisées dodécylamine ont été incorporées dans un revêtement usuel en aéronautique et la capacité des particules à ne pas altérer la résistance du revêtement de base à des conditions de corrosion extrêmes a permis de vérifier leur applicabilité dans ce domaine.
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- 2017
28. Nouveaux polymères conjugués π de type N pour les cellules solaires entièrement polymères
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He, Yinghui, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Dario Bassani, and Yuning Li
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Cellules solaires entièrement polymères ,[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,All-polymer solar cells ,Semi-conducteurs de polymères ,Polymer semiconductors ,Polymer acceptors ,Accepteurs de polymères - Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) appear as a promising technology for renewable energy owing to their light weight, great flexibility and low-cost fabrication process. So far most of the OPV shave been using fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM or PC71BM, as the electron acceptor in the active layer, which have been proven to a bottleneck for this technology. Therefore,developing non-fullerene acceptors has become the new driving force for this field. All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) that have the advantages of robustness, stability and tunability have already achieved PCE up to 9%. Thus, developing novel acceptor materials is imperative for improving the performance of all-PSCs.; Les cellules solaires organiques (OSC) apparaissent comme une technologie prometteuse pour les énergies renouvelables en raison de leur poids léger, leur grande flexibilité et leur processus de fabrication peu coûteux. Jusqu'à présent, la plupart des OPV ont utilisé des dérivés de Fullerene, tels que PCBM ou PC71BM, en tant qu'accepteur d'électrons dans la couche active, qui s'est avéré être un goulet d'étranglement pour cette technologie. Par conséquent, le développement d'accepteurs non-fullerene est devenu la nouvelle force motrice de ce domaine. Les cellules solaires tout-polymères (tous-PSC) qui ont les avantages de la robustesse, de la stabilité et de l'accessibilité ont déjà atteint PCE jusqu'à 9%. Ainsi, le développement de nouveaux matériaux accepteurs est impératif pour améliorer les performances de tous les PSC.
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- 2017
29. Novel N-type Π-conjugated Polymers for all-polymer solar cells
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He, Yinghui, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Dario Bassani, and Yuning Li
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Cellules solaires entièrement polymères ,[CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry ,All-polymer solar cells ,Semi-conducteurs de polymères ,Polymer semiconductors ,Polymer acceptors ,Accepteurs de polymères - Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) appear as a promising technology for renewable energy owing to their light weight, great flexibility and low-cost fabrication process. So far most of the OPV shave been using fullerene derivatives, such as PCBM or PC71BM, as the electron acceptor in the active layer, which have been proven to a bottleneck for this technology. Therefore,developing non-fullerene acceptors has become the new driving force for this field. All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) that have the advantages of robustness, stability and tunability have already achieved PCE up to 9%. Thus, developing novel acceptor materials is imperative for improving the performance of all-PSCs.; Les cellules solaires organiques (OSC) apparaissent comme une technologie prometteuse pour les énergies renouvelables en raison de leur poids léger, leur grande flexibilité et leur processus de fabrication peu coûteux. Jusqu'à présent, la plupart des OPV ont utilisé des dérivés de Fullerene, tels que PCBM ou PC71BM, en tant qu'accepteur d'électrons dans la couche active, qui s'est avéré être un goulet d'étranglement pour cette technologie. Par conséquent, le développement d'accepteurs non-fullerene est devenu la nouvelle force motrice de ce domaine. Les cellules solaires tout-polymères (tous-PSC) qui ont les avantages de la robustesse, de la stabilité et de l'accessibilité ont déjà atteint PCE jusqu'à 9%. Ainsi, le développement de nouveaux matériaux accepteurs est impératif pour améliorer les performances de tous les PSC.
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- 2017
30. Synthèse et caractérisation des nanomatériaux chiraux et leur influence sur la différenciation des cellules souches
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Kemper, Gregor, Chimie et Biologie des Membranes et des Nanoobjets (CBMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Marie-Christine Durrieu, Shawn Wettig, STAR, ABES, and École Nationale d'Ingénieurs des Travaux Agricoles - Bordeaux (ENITAB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Biomaterials ,Nanopériodicité ,Nanoperiodicity ,Nanostructures en silice ,Différenciation de cellules ,Cell differentiation ,Mesenchymal stem cells ,Biomatériaux ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Silica nanostructures ,Cellules souches mésenchymateuses ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] - Abstract
Tissue engineering is a field related to regenerative medicine which aims at replacing or regenerating a patient’s tissue, usually using a combination of cells and bioactive material designed to influence cell behaviour. In approaches for bone regeneration, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are a common choice because of their ability to proliferate and differentiate into osteoblasts. Harnessing this potential requires biomaterials which promote osteoblastic differentiation, for example by mimicking the conditions in natural bone. Collagen I is a common protein in human bone; it forms fibrils with a characteristic periodic structure, which raises the question whether this morphology has in impact on stem cell fate. Collagen-mimicking nanomaterials can help investigate this question: Gemini surfactants with chiral counterions form twisted bilayers the morphology of which can be tuned by variation of enantiomeric excess, time and temperature. The self-assembled helical nanoribbons which are obtained by this process can be transformed by a sol-gel condensation to form silica nanohelices the size and twist pitch of which resembles that of collagen fibres. The objective of this study is to prepare 2D culture environments featuring these nanomaterals (with and without bioactive peptide functionalisation) to explore the effect of these materials on hMSC differentiation.Silica helices are fabricated by synthesis of surfactants with tartrate as counterion, and organic-inorganic transcription using a silica precursor compound. They can be modified by reaction with APTES and an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and covalent immobilisation of a peptide. Two peptides were used in this study, one adhesion-promoting peptide and the active domain of the osteogenesis-inducing peptide BMP2. Helices with or without this bioactive functionalisation were covalently grafted to glass substrates using APTES and EDC/NHS-coupling. The presence of peptides on helices was shown by the absorption of helix-grafted peptides bearing the FITC-fluorophore. Successful peptide grafting onto glass surfaces was verified by XPS and fluorescence microscopy. The morphology of helices was monitored with TEM and SEM. SEM images were used to determine the amount of helices on surfaces. HMSCs were cultivated for four weeks on surfaces modified with APTES, peptide(s) or left- or righthanded nanohelices, functionalised or not with bioactive peptide(s). After fixation, the quantities of the osteogenic markers Runx2 and Osteocalcin (OCN) in the cells were evaluated. The results show that BMP2-functionalised surfaces exhibited an elevated level of Runx2 and OCN expression. Some helix-grafted materials exhibited a significantly higher Runx2 and/or OCN expression than the corresponding homogeneous materials, but these differences were not consistent across samples of the same chiral orientation or bioactive functionalisation. Therefore, conclusive general statements about differences in osteogenic effect between helix functionalisations and handednesses aredifficult to make. A potential reason for this is the variability of surface coverage of helix-grafted materials: As the quantity of helices that are immobilised onto the surfaces is lower than expected and varies greatly between the samples, the number of cells that are not in contact with the helices might change as well, which can lead to false negatives.The results of a proteomic experiment have shown which proteins are differentially expressed in cells cultured on helices with or without BMP-functionalisation, compared to bare glass. Comparison with other proteomic studies shows that proteins which are known to be upregulated during osteogenic differentiation are overexpressed most frequently in cells cultured on BMPmodified helices. The proteins that were identified with this method might serve as starting point for future investigations., Un patient peut souffrir d’une perte de substance osseuse de taille critique suite à des accidents ou des pathologies. Aujourd’hui, le traitement le plus fréquent consiste en la greffe du tissu osseux (autogreffe ou allogreffe). Compte tenu des complication rencontrées (réponse immunologique, morbidité du site donneur), la recherche actuelle s’inscrit dans la recherche de synthèse d’un biomatériau bioactif favorisant la régénération osseuse. Ces matériaux devraient imiter les qualités de la matrice extracellulaire osseuse pour stimuler la formation osseuse.Les cellules souches mésenchymateuses jouent un rôle important du fait de leur capacité de prolifération et différentiation en ostéoblastes. Pour profiter de ce potentiel des cellules souches, il est nécessaire de comprendre comment contrôler leur comportement et mesurer l’impact du microenvironnement cellulaire sur la différenciation ostéogénique de ces cellules. Comme les cellules souches mésenchymateuses sont capables de différencier en plusieurs phénotypes différents, il est indispensable de les diriger dans la direction désirée. Plusieurs facteurs qui influencent le devenir cellulaire ont été identifiés, comme certains peptides bioactifs, des facteurs mécaniques comme la rigidité, ou la topographie de surface de matériaux.Dans la matrice extracellulaire naturelle du tissu osseux, les cellules souches mésenchymateuses sont entourées d’une variété de principes actifs, dont le plus abondant est le collagène I. Cette protéine s’assemble pour former des nanofibres qui présentent une nanomorphologie périodique avec une périodicité bien définie. La question posée au début de ce travail était: Cette structure a-t-elle un impact sur la différenciation des cellules souches?Pour étudier l’impact de la périodicité nanofibrillaire, nous proposons dans ce travail de recherche l’utilisation d’hélices modèles qui miment en partie la morphologie du collagène. Les hélices nanométriques auto-assemblées des surfactants gemini peuvent avoir un pas d’hélice et un diamètre similaires à ceux du collagène. La modulabilité de ces paramètres et la possibilité de modifier ces structures par des molécules bioactives permettent de moduler les caractéristiques des nanoobjets et d’étudier l’impact de ces nanomatériaux sur les cellules souches mésenchymateuses.
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- 2017
31. Analytic Combinatorics in Several Variables : Effective Asymptotics and Lattice Path Enumeration
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Melczer, Stephen, Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Arithmetic and Computing (ARIC), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon, University of Waterloo (Canada), Bruno Salvy, George Labahn, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)
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[INFO.INFO-SC]Computer Science [cs]/Symbolic Computation [cs.SC] ,Computer Algebra ,Marche ,Analyse de singularités ,Singularity Analysis ,Polynomial Systems ,Combinatoire énumérative ,Rational Diagonals ,Combinatoire analytique ,Diagonale ,Systèmes polynomiaux ,[MATH.MATH-CO]Mathematics [math]/Combinatorics [math.CO] ,Enumerative Combinatories ,Lattice Paths ,Analytic Combinatories ,Calcul formel - Abstract
The field of analytic combinatorics, which studies the asymptotic behaviour ofsequences through analytic properties of their generating functions, has led to thedevelopment of deep and powerful tools with applications across mathematics and thenatural sciences. In addition to the now classical univariate theory, recent work in thestudy of analytic combinatorics in several variables (ACSV) has shown how to deriveasymptotics for the coefficients of certain D-finite functions represented by diagonals ofmultivariate rational functions. This thesis examines the methods of ACSV from acomputer algebra viewpoint, developing rigorous algorithms and giving the firstcomplexity results in this area under conditions which are broadly satisfied.Furthermore, this thesis gives several new applications of ACSV to the enumeration oflattice walks restricted to certain regions. In addition to proving several openconjectures on the asymptotics of such walks, a detailed study of lattice walk modelswith weighted steps is undertaken.; La combinatoire analytique étudie le comportement asymptotique des suites à travers les propriétés analytiques de leurs fonctions génératrices. Ce domaine a conduit au développement d’outils profonds et puissants avec de nombreuses applications. Au delà de la théorie univariée désormais classique, des travaux récents en combinatoire analytique en plusieurs variables (ACSV) ont montré comment calculer le comportement asymptotique d’une grande classe de fonctions différentiellement finies:les diagonales de fractions rationnelles. Cette thèse examine les méthodes de l’ACSV du point de vue du calcul formel, développe des algorithmes rigoureux et donne les premiers résultats de complexité dans ce domaine sous des hypothèses très faibles. En outre, cette thèse donne plusieurs nouvelles applications de l’ACSV à l’énumération des marches sur des réseaux restreintes à certaines régions: elle apporte la preuve de plusieurs conjectures ouvertes sur les comportements asymptotiques de telles marches,et une étude détaillée de modèles de marche sur des réseaux avec des étapes pondérées.
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- 2017
32. Automated analysis of Stateflow models
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Christophe Garion, Arie Gurfinkel, Hamza Bourbouh, Xavier Thirioux, Temesghen Kahsai, Pierre-Loïc Garoche, Département d'Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes (DISC), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace (ISAE-SUPAERO), NASA, ONERA, Université de Toulouse [Toulouse], ONERA-PRES Université de Toulouse, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Carnegie Mellon University [Pittsburgh] (CMU), Assistance à la Certification d’Applications DIstribuées et Embarquées (IRIT-ACADIE), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Carnegie Mellon University - CMU (USA), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Institut Supérieur de l'Aéronautique et de l'Espace - ISAE-SUPAERO (FRANCE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration - NASA (USA), Office National d'Etudes et Recherches Aérospatiales - ONERA (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Waterloo (CANADA), Département Traitement de l'Information et Modélisation - DTIM (Toulouse, France), and Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse - IRIT (Toulouse, France)
- Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AR]Computer Science [cs]/Hardware Architecture [cs.AR] ,Model checking ,Continuation-passing style ,Computer science ,Process (engineering) ,Stateflow ,02 engineering and technology ,[INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE] ,computer.software_genre ,Interface homme-machine ,[INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR] ,Denotational semantics ,Architectures Matérielles ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Génie logiciel ,Code generation ,ComputerSystemsOrganization_SPECIAL-PURPOSEANDAPPLICATION-BASEDSYSTEMS ,[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC] ,Automatique / Robotique ,computer.programming_language ,Finite-state machine ,Programming language ,Verification ,020207 software engineering ,Modélisation et simulation ,Formal semantics ,Systèmes embarqués ,[INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation ,Toolbox ,Modal ,Cryptographie et sécurité ,[INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems ,Compiler ,computer - Abstract
International audience; Stateflow is a widely used modeling framework for embedded and cyberphysical systems where control software interacts with physical processes. In this work, we present a framework and a fully automated safety verification technique for Stateflow models. Our approach is two-folded: (i) we faithfully compile Stateflow models into hierarchical state machines, and (ii) we use automated logic-based verification engine to decide the validity of safety properties. The starting point of our approach is a denotational semantics of Stateflow. We propose a compilation process using continuation-passing style (CPS) denotational semantics. Our compilation technique preserves the structural and modal behavior of the system. The overall approach is implemented as an open source toolbox that can be integrated into the existing Mathworks Simulink/Stateflow modeling framework. We present preliminary experimental evaluations that illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in code generation and safety verification of industrial scale Stateflow models.
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- 2017
33. Redox potential and mobility of contaminant oxyanions (As, Sb, Cr) in argillaceous rock subjected to oxic and anoxic cycles
- Author
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Markelova, Ekaterina, Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Grenoble Alpes, University of Waterloo (Canada), Laurent Charlet, Raoul-Marie Couture, Philippe Van Cappellen, and STAR, ABES
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Predictive models ,Redox ,Modèle prédictif ,Redox conditions ,[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences ,Biogeochemistry ,Biogéochimie - Abstract
This thesis demonstrates that a systematic experimental approach of increasing complexity allows reassessing the meaning of the redox potential (EH), and provides an update on the interpretation of its value in complex assemblages of mineral matrices, microbial consortiums, nutrients, and contaminants under dynamic, redox-oscillating conditions. To study the usefulness of EH measurements in water-saturated environmental systems a full redox cascade from +500 to -350 mV (pH ∼7.4) was reproduced in the laboratory. The experiments revealed that conventional Pt redox electrode responds to physical, chemical, and microbial processes to a different extent depending on oxygenation and on the presence of a redox buffer. The measurements of EH in argillaceous matrices depleted in the redox buffer, such as the electroactive Fe3+/Fe2+ couple, thus, are shown to have limited usefulness. In such environments, the abundant redox-sensitive couples, yet non-electroactive, such as O2/H2O, CrO42-/Cr(OH)3, NO3-/NO2-/NH4+, Sb(OH)6-/Sb2O3, and HAsO42-/H3AsO3 do not impact measured EH. To quantify the effect of oxidizing perturbations on the mobility of oxyanions in the argillaceous matrix, I performed batch experiments under controlled redox oscillations. Successive cycles of oxic and anoxic conditions were imposed on the argillaceous suspensions amended with a mixture of oxidized As(V), Sb(V), Cr(VI), and N(V). Oxyanion mobility was investigated under sterile conditions, with the addition of labile organic carbon (ethanol), and with the addition of soil microbial inoculum. Speciation analyses revealed irreversible reduction reactions with and without ethanol additions. Freshly reduced As(III), Sb(III), Cr(III), and N(III) were not re-oxidized during subsequent oxic periods demonstrating non-oscillating behavior. Microbially induced reduction transformations decreased aqueous concentrations of Sb and Cr via precipitation, removed N via volatilization, while preserved As in the solution. Depending on microbial diversity, altered by the addition of soil inoculum, two types of contaminant interplays are characterized as inhibitory and non-inhibitory reductions. These data, the representative of saturated subsurface environment (subsoil > 20 m), is further compared to oxyanion mobility in the near-surface environment (topsoil < 0.15 m). The key differences between the topsoil and subsoil systems are in the fraction of oxyhydroxide Fe-, Mn-, and Al- minerals, microbial diversity, pCO2, and the range of EH values developed during redox cycles. For example, the EH range over 900 mV (from +500 to -300 mV) in the topsoil suspension is contrasted to the EH range of 100 mV (from +350 to +250 mV) in the subsoil suspension. Furthermore, in the topsoil suspension, strong redox cycling of Fe and Mn is coincident with the oscillating mobility of As and Sb. This correlation suggests the crucial role of oxyhydroxide minerals acting not only as major sorbents, but also as catalysts for oxidation reactions eventually controlling the reversibility of contaminant sequestration. Therefore, depleted in oxyhydroxide minerals, argillaceous matrix is shown to be suitable environment for contaminant retention, as it can stand periodical redox oscillations without releasing contaminants back to the aqueous phase on the experimental time scale., Cette thèse démontre qu'une approche expérimentale systématique de complexité croissante permet de réévaluer le sens du potentiel redox (EH), et fournit une mise à jour sur l'interprétation de sa valeur dans les assemblages complexes de matrices minérales, des consortiums microbiens, des nutriments et des contaminants sous dynamique, oxydoréduction oscillant conditions. Pour étudier l'utilité des mesures EH dans les systèmes environnementaux saturés d'eau une cascade complète redox 500 à -350 mV (pH ~7.4) a été reproduit dans le laboratoire. Les expériences ont révélé que l'électrode de Pt classique redox répond à des processus microbiens dans une mesure différente en fonction de l'oxygénation et de la présence d'un tampon d'oxydo-réduction physique, chimique et. Les mesures du EH dans des matrices argileuses appauvris dans le tampon redox, tels que le couple électroactif Fe3 + / Fe2 +, par conséquent, se révèlent avoir une utilité limitée. Dans de tels environnements, les couples redox sensible abondantes, cependant, non électroactif, tels que O2 / H2O, CrO42- / Cr (OH) 3, NO3- / NO2- / NH 4 +, Sb (OH) 6- / Sb2O3, et HAsO42 - / H3AsO3 ne pas d'impact mesuré EH. Pour quantifier l'effet de l'oxydation des perturbations sur la mobilité des oxyanions dans la matrice argileuse, j'ai effectué des expériences de traitement par lots sous oscillations redox contrôlées. cycles successifs de conditions oxiques et anoxiques ont été imposées sur les suspensions argileuses modifiées avec un mélange d'oxyde As (V), Sb (V), Cr (VI) et N (V). la mobilité des oxyanions a été étudiée dans des conditions stériles, avec l'addition de carbone organique labile (éthanol), et avec l'addition de microbienne du sol inoculum. Spéciation analyses ont révélé des réactions irréversibles de réduction avec ou sans ajouts d'éthanol. Fraîchement réduite As (III), Sb (III), Cr (III) et N (III) ne sont pas ré-oxydée pendant les périodes subséquentes oxiques démontrant un comportement non-oscillant. Microbiologiquement induit des transformations de réduction a diminué les concentrations aqueuses de Sb et Cr par précipitation, enlevés N par volatilisation, alors préservé Comme dans la solution. En fonction de la diversité microbienne, altérées par l'addition d'inoculum dans le sol, deux types de contaminants imbrications sont caractérisés comme inhibiteurs de réduction et de non-inhibiteurs. Ces données, le représentant de l'environnement souterrain saturé (sous-sol> 20 m), est en outre par rapport à oxyanion mobilité dans l'environnement proche de la surface (la couche arable
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- 2016
34. Nanostructuration des surfaces d'or pour la séparation et la détection de biomolécules
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Bedford, Erin, Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, University of Waterloo (Canada), Frank Gu, Claire-Marie Pradier, and Souhir Boujday
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Nanobiotechnologie ,Nanoparticules ,Nanoparticles ,Nanobiotechnology ,Or ,Gold ,[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph] ,Biocapteurs ,Monocouches auto assemblées ,Spectrométrie Raman exaltée de surface - Abstract
Detecting biomolecules in physiological environments is critical to health care and environmental monitoring. In this work, we study and use gold surfaces for biomolecule detection while incorporating nanoscale components—specifically, self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols and gold nanostructured shells—with the goal of improving biomolecule detection methods. Using SAMs to functionalize gold surfaces can offer control over biomolecule binding density and orientation while still keeping the biomolecules near the sensing surface. Using surface IR spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and density functional theory (DFT) modeling, we found that SAMs of short-chain and long-chain amine-terminated alkanethiols on gold had different sulphur binding environments. We also found that protein binding and recognition on the two different SAMs varied with SAM chain length and was also influenced by the presence of a cross-linker. In the second part of this work, we synthesized gold nanostructured shells on magnetic particles for combined separation and detection of biomolecules. We demonstrated their use as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrated the use of these particles to detect oligonucleotide binding and hybridization with SERS using a Raman-tagged oligonucleotide hairpin probe.; La détection de molécules biologiques dans les environnements physiologiques est essentielle aux soins de santé et la surveillance de l'environnement. Dans ces travaux de thèse, nous étudions et utilisons des surfaces d'or pour la détection de biomolécules, avec l'inclusion de composants nanométriques-spécifiquement, des monocouches auto assemblées (SAMs) d'alcane-thiol et des coquilles d'or nanostructurées-dans l'intention d'améliorer les méthodes de détection biomoléculaire. La fonctionnalisation des surfaces d'or avec des SAMs permet un contrôle de la densité et de l'orientation des biomolécules immobilisées. En utilisant la spectroscopie infrarouge de surface, la spectroscopie de photoelectrons X (XPS) ainsi que la modélisation, utilisant la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), nous avons trouvé que les SAMs à base de chaînes courtes et de chaînes longues des alcane-thiols ont eu des environnements de l'accroche des atomes de soufre différents. De plus, nous avons trouvé que l'immobilisation et la reconnaissance de protéines varie avec la longueur de la chaîne de SAMs ainsi qu'avec la présence d'un réticulant. Dans la seconde partie des travaux, nous avons synthétisé des coquilles d'or nanostructurées sur des particules magnétiques afin de combiner la séparation magnétique et la détection de biomolécules. Nous avons montré qu'elles pouvaient être utilisés comme substrats pour la spectrométrie Raman exaltée de surface (SERS). Afin d'établir une preuve de concept, nous avons réalisé des tests dans lesquels ces particules ont été utilisées pour détecter l'immobilisation d'oligonucléotides et l'hybridation avec SERS.
- Published
- 2016
35. Private or Common Criteria in a Multi-criteria Group Decision Support System: An Experiment
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D. Marc Kilgour, Keith W. Hipel, Pascale Zaraté, Argumentation, Décision, Raisonnement, Incertitude et Apprentissage (IRIT-ADRIA), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Wilfrid Laurier University (WLU), University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès - UT2J (FRANCE), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole - UT1 (FRANCE), University of Waterloo (CANADA), Wilfrid Laurier University (CANADA), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
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Decision support system ,Knowledge management ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Multi-criteria group decision making ,Private criteria ,02 engineering and technology ,Structuring ,[INFO.INFO-CL]Computer Science [cs]/Computation and Language [cs.CL] ,[INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI] ,[INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG] ,Common Criteria ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,H- INFORMATIQUE ,Function (engineering) ,media_common ,Logique en informatique ,business.industry ,Group (mathematics) ,[INFO.INFO-LO]Computer Science [cs]/Logic in Computer Science [cs.LO] ,Informatique et langage ,Cognition ,Intelligence artificielle ,Apprentissage ,Test (assessment) ,If and only if ,GDSS ,Public criteria ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,business - Abstract
International audience; Because collective decision processes are central to the management function of most organizations, it is important to understand them better and to improve them if possible. One common view of group decision processes is that they should offer participants the opportunity to confront and resolve the differences in their points of view. New cognitive and technical tools may help to facilitate the sharing of individuals’ reasoning and preferences, but only if they do not require participants to reveal information that they wish to keep private, perhaps for strategic or personal reasons. The aim of this study is to test experimentally one such approach, contained in the Group Decision Support System, GRUS, which allows decision makers to use a multi-criteria approach to problem structuring that can involve both public (shared) and private criteria.
- Published
- 2016
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36. Magnesium for biomedical applications as degradable implants : thermomechanical processing and surface functionalization of a Mg-Ca alloy
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Jay, Olivier, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG), University of Waterloo (Canada), Patricia Donnadieu, and Shahrzad Esmaeili
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Biomedical ,Alloys ,Fonctionnalisation ,Magnésium ,Magnesium ,[SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering ,Functionnalization ,Alliage ,Microstructure ,Biomédical ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials - Abstract
Since the last decade, degradable implants for bone fixation have attracted special attention. Among different materials, magnesium appears as a promising candidate due to its unique combination of properties. Magnesium is very well tolerated by the body, it has a natural tendency for degradation and its low elastic modulus helps to reduce stress-shielding effect during bone healing. However, an optimal compromise between mechanical resistance and degradability kinetics has to be achieved. Since calcium is biocompatible and has several beneficial effects on magnesium, the alloy selected for this project is: Mg-2wt.%Ca alloy. To optimize this alloy for implant application, we propose a bulk/surface approach: i.e. tailoring the bulk microstructure by thermomechanical treatments and surface functionalization by additive manufacturing.Hot rolling and extrusion, and equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) have been used to tailor the microstructure. Severe plastic deformation induced by the ECAP process produces the finest grain and second particle phase microstructure. While different microstructural features (dislocations, twins, grain size) can account for the increase of the mechanical strength, the evolution of the corrosion resistance appears as primarily affected by grain size and second phase microstructure. This influence results from the combination of a micro galvanic effect, the dispersion of the second phase Mg2Ca and possibly a more stable oxide layer. Finally ECAP appears as the most efficient processing to improve both mechanical and corrosion behavior.Surface functionalization is achieved by designing a surface pattern using microdeposition with silver nanoparticles to add an antibacterial effect. The deposition is followed by a laser sintering process. A series of deposition were performed to optimize the deposition conditions for silver nanoparticles. The layer topography, the sintering, and the thermal impact of the laser treatment on the substrate microstructure have been characterized by profilommetry, SEM, TEM. A finite element simulation has been realized to describe the thermal effect of the laser treatment. This simulation can be further used for optimizing the patterning deposition process.Combining the bulk and surface approach have permitted to obtain a functionalized magnesium alloy with enhanced properties that can be considered for further biomedical tests.; Depuis la dernière décennie, les implants dégradables pour fixation de fracture connaissent un intérêt grandissant. Parmi tous les matériaux, le magnésium apparait comme un candidat prometteur dû à une combinaison unique de propriétés. Le magnésium est très bien toléré par le corps, il a une tendance naturelle à la dégradation et son faible module élastique peut aider à réduire le stress-shielding durant la reconstitution de l'os. Cependant, une combinaison optimale entre les propriétés mécaniques et la vitesse de dégradation doit être obtenue. Le calcium étant biocompatible et procurant différents effets bénéfiques, l'alliage sélectionné pour ce projet est le Mg-2wt.%Ca. Afin d'optimiser cet alliage, nous proposons une stratégie volume/surface : modifier la microstructure interne par des traitements thermomécaniques et fonctionnaliser la surface à l'aide d'une technique additive.Du laminage et de l'extrusion à chaud ainsi que de l'extrusion coudée à aires égales (ECAE), ont été utilisé afin de modifier la microstructure. La déformation plastique sévère induite par l'ECAE produit la plus fine microstructure (taille de grain et particules de seconde phase). Alors que différentes caractéristiques microstructurales (dislocations, macles, taille de grain) peuvent justifier l'augmentation de la résistance mécanique, l'évolution de la résistance à la corrosion semble principalement affectée par la microstructure de la seconde phase et la taille de grain. Cette influence résulte de la combinaison d'un effet micro-galvanique et de la dispersion des particules de Mg2Ca et possiblement d'une couche d'oxide plus stable. L'ECAP apparait comme le traitement le plus efficace pour augmenter les propriétés mécaniques et le comportement à la corrosion.La fonctionnalisation de surface a été réalisée par un dépôt à motif réguliers à l'aide d'une technique de microdéposition de nanoparticules d'argent afin d'apporter un effet antibactérien à la surface. La déposition est suivie d'un procédé de frittage par laser. Une série de déposition a été conduite afin d'optimiser les conditions du dépôt de nanoparticules d'argent. La topographie de la couche déposée, la qualité du frittage ainsi que l'impact thermique du traitement laser sur la microstructure du substrat a été caractérisée par profilommétrie, SEM et TEM. Une modélisation par éléments finis a été réalisé afin de décrire l'impact thermique du traitement laser. Cette simulation pourra être utilisée à des fins d'optimisation du procédé de dépôt.Combiner une approche sur la microstructure interne et la surface du matériau a permis d'obtenir un alliage de magnésium fonctionnalisé ayant des propriétés améliorées qui peut être considéré dans de futurs tests biomédicaux.
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- 2015
37. Micelles polymères magnétiques comme agents pour la thérapie et l'imagerie
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Nguyen, Vo Thu An, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Olivier Sandre, Mario Gauthier, Marie-Claire Gillet-De Paw, STAR, ABES, Thi Kim Thanh Nguyen [Rapporteur], Harald D. H. Stöver [Rapporteur], Xiaosong Wang, and Caroline Pujolle-Robic
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Water proton relaxometry ,Relaxométrie des protons de l’eau ,[CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Agents de contraste IRM ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Copolymère arborescent ,MRI contrast agents ,SPION ,Poly-ionic complexation ,Magnetic hyperthermia ,Hyperthermie magnétique ,Poly-complexation ionique ,Arborescent copolymer - Abstract
This Ph.D. dissertation describes the synthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) designed to serve as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents and for heat generation in cellular radiofrequency magnetic field hyperthermia (MFH) treatment. Control over the size and size distribution of the iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs), and thus over their magnetic properties, was achieved using a G1 arborescent copolymer (comb-branched (G0) polystyrene substrate grafted with poly(2-vinylpyridine) side chains, or G0PS-g-P2VP) as a template. Good colloidal stability and biocompatibility of the SPIONs were achieved via the formation of polyion complex (PIC) micelles with a poly(acrylic acid)-block-poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PAA-b-PHEA) double-hydrophilic block copolymer., Ce manuscrit de thèse présente la synthèse de nanoparticules d’oxyde de fer superparamagnétiques couramment appelées SPIONs servant d’agents de contraste pour l’imagerie par résonance magnétique (IRM) et la génération de chaleur pour la thérapie cellulaire par hyperthermie induite par champ magnétique radiofréquence (HMRF). Le contrôle des tailles et de la distribution en tailles des SPIONs et donc de leurs propriétés magnétiques a été obtenu en utilisant un copolymère arborescent G1 (substrat de polystyrène branché en peigne noté G0, greffé avec des groupements pendants poly(2-vinyle pyridine) ) comme milieu « gabarit », tandis que la stabilité colloïdale et la biocompatibilité des SPIONs ont été apportées par un procédé de poly-complexation ionique grâce à un copolymère double-hydrophile acide polyacrylique-bloc-poly(acrylate de 2-hydroxyéthyle) PAA-b-PHEA.
- Published
- 2015
38. Engineering of poly (2-oxazoline)s for potential use in biomedical applications
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Legros, Camille, Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques (LCPO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP)-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Bordeaux, University of Waterloo (Canada), Daniel Taton, Michael Kam Chiu Tam, Marie-Claire Gillet-De Paw, Sébastien Lecommandoux, Taton, Daniel, Tam, Michael Kam Chiu, Gillet-De Paw, Marie-Claire, Lecommandoux, Sébastien, Carlotti, Stéphane, Amiel, Catherine, Hoogenboom, Richard, Stéphane Carlotti [Président], Catherine Amiel [Rapporteur], Richard Hoogenboom [Rapporteur], and STAR, ABES
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[CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,Aldehyde ,Cytotoxicity ,Stimulable ,Cristallisation ,Responsive ,Hydrogel ,Nanogel ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,LCST ,Post-polymerization modification ,Cytotoxicité ,Point trouble ,Protein repellent ,Crystallization ,Poly(2-oxazoline) - Abstract
This PhD work is based on the design of poly(2-oxazoline) (POx)hydrogels and nanogels, by chemical or physical cross-linking, aimed to be used for biomedical applications. Nanogels were first prepared in dilute media and in inverse emulsion based on a statistical copolymer made of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline and ethyleneimine units. These stimuli-responsive nanogels were swelling in acidic media and were cleaved in reductive environment. They proved to be non-cytotoxic and act as protein repellent. Second, a reactive platform based on a statistical POx polymerbearing aldehyde functionalities was engineered, enabling the synthesis of graft and cross-linked POx. Last, a block copolymer made of 2-methyl- and 2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline units, proved to self-assemble into micelles when heated above its LCST,for a short period of time (< 1h30). When annealed for a longer time (> 1h30),crystallization-driven self-assembly led to the formation of different morphologies(fiber rods and cross-linked micelles)., Ce travail décrit d'abord l’élaboration de nanogels hydrophiles stimulables, sensibles à un changement de pH et à un environnement où les propriétés d’oxydo-réduction peuvent varier. Ils ont été synthétisés en milieu dilué, d’une part, et en émulsion inverse, d’autre part; dans les deux cas à partir d’un copolymère statistique composé d’unités 2-éthyl-2-oxazoline et éthylène imine. Ces nanogels n’ont pas montré d’interactions spécifiques avec des protéines telles que la BSA et se sont avérés non-toxiques in vitro. Une plateforme à base d’un copolymère POx statistique porteur de fonctions aldéhydes a par ailleurs permis d’accéder à une librairie de POx, incluant des structures greffées et réticulées. Enfin, l’autoassemblage en solution d’un copolymère à blocs de type poly(2-methyl-oxazoline)-bpoly(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline) (PMeOx-b-PiPrOx), a été étudié en détail. Des micelles ont été observées à des temps courts au-dessus du point trouble du PiPrOx. Pour des temps plus longs, la formation de fibres et de micelles réticulées physiquement ont été mise en évidence, comportement expliqué par la cristallisation des chainesde PiPrOx stabilisées par les blocs PMeOx hydrophiles.
- Published
- 2014
39. Identification of Methanoculleus spp. as active methanogens during anoxic incubations of swine manure storage tank samples
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Fernando Matias, Josh D. Neufeld, Nathalie Gagnon, Yris Verastegui, Maialen Barret, Martin Kalmokoff, Stephen P. J. Brooks, Edward Topp, Guylaine Talbot, Agriculture and Agri-Food - AAFC (CANADA), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada - NSERC (CANADA), University of Waterloo (CANADA), Agriculture and Agri-Food [Ottawa] (AAFC), and University of Waterloo [Waterloo]
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[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Manure management ,Swine ,Methanogenesis ,Microorganism ,Stable isotope probing ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Stable-isotope probing ,DNA, Ribosomal ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Environmental Microbiology ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Anaerobiosis ,Food science ,Phylogeny ,Ecology ,biology ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Science des productions animales ,biology.organism_classification ,Manure ,Anoxic waters ,Archaea ,Microbiologie et Parasitologie ,DNA, Archaeal ,Methanoculleus ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,Biochemistry ,Isotope Labeling ,[SDV.SA.SPA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Animal production studies ,Methanomicrobiaceae ,Oxidoreductases ,Methane ,Sciences agricoles ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Methane emissions represent a major environmental concern associated with manure management in the livestock industry. A more thorough understanding of how microbial communities function in manure storage tanks is a prerequisite for mitigating methane emissions. Identifying the microorganisms that are metabolically active is an important first step. Methanogenic archaea are major contributors to methanogenesis in stored swine manure, and we investigated active methanogenic populations by DNA stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP). Following a preincubation of manure samples under anoxic conditions to induce substrate starvation, [U- 13 C]acetate was added as a labeled substrate. Fingerprint analysis of density-fractionated DNA, using length-heterogeneity analysis of PCR-amplified mcrA genes (encoding the alpha subunit of methyl coenzyme M reductase), showed that the incorporation of 13 C into DNA was detectable at in situ acetate concentrations (∼7 g/liter). Fingerprints of DNA retrieved from heavy fractions of the 13 C treatment were primarily enriched in a 483-bp amplicon and, to a lesser extent, in a 481-bp amplicon. Analyses based on clone libraries of the mcrA and 16S rRNA genes revealed that both of these heavy DNA amplicons corresponded to Methanoculleus spp. Our results demonstrate that uncultivated methanogenic archaea related to Methanoculleus spp. were major contributors to acetate-C assimilation during the anoxic incubation of swine manure storage tank samples. Carbon assimilation and dissimilation rate estimations suggested that Methanoculleus spp. were also major contributors to methane emissions and that the hydrogenotrophic pathway predominated during methanogenesis.
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- 2013
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40. Dislocation detection in field environments: A belief functions contribution
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Carl T. Haas, Saiedeh Razavi, Emmanuel Duflos, Philippe Vanheeghe, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering [Waterloo], University of Waterloo [Waterloo], Sequential Learning (SEQUEL), Laboratoire d'Informatique Fondamentale de Lille (LIFL), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), LAGIS-SI, Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The research work was sponsored by a CNRS International Scientific Collaboration Program (PICS)., This paper results from the collaboration between the Laboratoire d'Automatique Génie Informatique et Signal (UMR CNRS 8219, Lille, France) and the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering of the University of Waterloo (Canada)., Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lille, Sciences Humaines et Sociales-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Lille - Nord Europe, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Automatique, Génie Informatique et Signal (LAGIS), and Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centrale Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
GPS ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Construction materials ,02 engineering and technology ,Machine learning ,computer.software_genre ,Field (computer science) ,Dislocation detection ,[INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing ,Artificial Intelligence ,Position (vector) ,021105 building & construction ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Radio-frequency identification ,Mathematics ,RFID ,business.industry ,Frame (networking) ,General Engineering ,Function (mathematics) ,belief functions ,Sensors network ,Computer Science Applications ,Discrete time and continuous time ,Global Positioning System ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Focus (optics) ,Algorithm ,computer ,[SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing - Abstract
Highlights? The greedy acceptance criterion for the glowworms updating positions is proposed. ? The new formulas for the glowworms movement are proposed. ? Uniform design experiments were investigated the effect of parameters. ? The proposed improvement algorithms were effective than the classical algorithm. Dislocation is defined as the change between discrete sequential locations of critical items in field environments such as large construction projects. Dislocations on large sites of materials and critical items for which discrete time position estimates are available represent critical state changes. The ability to detect dislocations automatically for tens of thousands of items can ultimately improve project performance significantly. Detecting these dislocations in a noisy information environment where low cost radio frequency identification tags are attached to each piece of material, and the material is moved sometimes only a few meters, is the main focus of this study. We propose in this paper a method developed in the frame of belief functions to detect dislocations. The belief function framework is well-suited for such a problem where both uncertainty and imprecision are inherent to the problem. We also show how to deal with the calculations. This method has been implemented in a controlled experimental setting. The results of these experiments show the ability of the proposed method to detect materials dislocation over the site reliably. Broader application of this approach to both animate and inanimate objects is possible.
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- 2012
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41. Oscillations of Continuous Elastic Cylindrical Structures in Cross-Flow
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Mousavi Lajimi, S. Amir, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], and University of Waterloo (Canada)
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Physics::Fluid Dynamics ,Cross-Flow ,[SPI.GCIV]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Civil Engineering ,Finite Element Method (FEM) ,Elastic Cylindrical Structures ,[PHYS.PHYS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics] ,[MATH.MATH-DS]Mathematics [math]/Dynamical Systems [math.DS] ,[MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP] ,Vortex-Induced Vibrations (VIV) ,[MATH.MATH-CA]Mathematics [math]/Classical Analysis and ODEs [math.CA] ,[SPI.MECA]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph] - Abstract
The principal objective of this work is to model two-degree-of-freedom vortex-excitedoscillations of a vertical cantilevered circular structure in a steady incompressible flow. Wewill develop a fundamental understanding of the dynamic behavior of vertical cantileveredstructures as a class of less studied structures in cross-flow, and illuminate some aspects ofthe fluid-structure oscillator problem. The structure will not be limited to oscillate in onedirection, single-degree-of-freedom oscillations, but will be allowed to vibrate in both thestreamwise and transverse directions, two-degree-of-freedom oscillations.When placed in a fluid flow, structures force the flow to separate and typically shedvortices in an alternate manner, which results in an oscillating force on the structure.A net oscillating force normally results in vibrations of the structure, which are calledvortex-induced vibrations (VIV). VIV are encountered in numerous engineering disciplines,such as offshore engineering (VIV of risers), wind engineering (VIV of meteorologicaltowers), and nuclear engineering (VIV of tubes and cylinder arrays).Systematically examining the free and forced vibrations of a vertical cantilevered beam, theeffects of gravity on the natural frequencies are explored before adding the lateral force due tovortex shedding to the governing equations of motion. Characteristic equations are derivedand appropriate methods are proposed to solve them. Discretized equations of motion aredeveloped by implementing a finite element method; element stiffness, mass, and dampingmatrices for a fixed and linearly varying axial load are computed. Available analytical andnumerical methods for studying forced oscillations of the beam under fluid-induced forcesare discussed. Research highlights and an estimated timeline are presented at the end of theproposal.
- Published
- 2010
42. Characterization of a purified novel Aureobasidium pullulans NAC8 lipase and covalent-immobilization for use in the biodegradation of oil-contaminated wastewater.
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Ademakinwa AN, Ayinla ZA, and Agunbiade MO
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to purify, characterize, and evaluate the potential of the immobilized extracellular lipase from Aureobasidium pullulans NAC8 (ApL) for the biodegradation of oil-contaminated wastewater. ApL was purified using aqueous two-phase partitioning (ATPS) and its biochemical properties determined. The enzyme was then covalently immobilized and characterized through Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The performance of immobilized ApL in oil-contaminated wastewater was tested for its ability to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), hydrolyze lipids, and produce free fatty acids. The purification fold and yield of ApL were 3.5 and 66 %, respectively. The purified enzyme had a subunit molecular weight of 30 kDa, with an optimum pH of 6.5 and an optimum temperature of 50 °C. The enzyme's catalytic efficiency for pNPP and pNPB was 1.53 × 10
5 and 2.3 × 105 in aqueous media, and 1.74 × 105 and 2.7 × 105 in organic solvent. Thermodynamic analysis revealed values for ∆H* (16.4 kJ/mol), ∆S* (-214 J/mol/K), and ∆G* (70.1-88.4 kJ/mol), indicating stability against thermal denaturation between 40 and 70 °C. The immobilized enzyme retained 70 % of its activity after ten catalytic cycles. In oil-contaminated wastewater, it achieved 83 % COD removal, 7.4 % lipid hydrolysis, and 15 % free fatty acid production after five cycles. The biochemical characteristics of the purified and immobilized ApL suggest that it has significant potential for industrial applications, particularly in the biodegradation of oil-contaminated wastewater. Its stability and high catalytic efficiency make it a promising candidate for long-term environmental and industrial use., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest All authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2025
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43. Lateral Pelvis and Lumbar Motion in Seated and Standing Office Work and Their Association With Transient Low Back Pain.
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Davidson JM, Zehr JD, Noguchi M, Fok DJ, Tennant LM, and Callaghan JP
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- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Range of Motion, Articular physiology, Young Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena physiology, Posture physiology, Lumbosacral Region physiopathology, Lumbosacral Region physiology, Occupational Diseases physiopathology, Low Back Pain physiopathology, Pelvis physiology, Pelvis physiopathology, Sitting Position, Lumbar Vertebrae physiopathology, Lumbar Vertebrae physiology, Standing Position
- Abstract
Objective: To assess frontal plane motion of the pelvis and lumbar spine during 2 h of seated and standing office work and evaluate associations with transient low back pain., Background: Although bending and twisting motions are cited as risk factors for low back injuries in occupational tasks, few studies have assessed frontal plane motion during sedentary exposures., Methods: Twenty-one participants completed 2 h of seated and standing office work while pelvic obliquity, lumbar lateral bending angles, and ratings of perceived low back pain were recorded. Mean absolute angles were compared across 15-min blocks, amplitude probability distribution functions were calculated, and associations between lateral postures and low back pain were evaluated., Results: Mean pelvic obliquity (sit = 4.0 ± 2.8°, stand = 3.5 ± 1.7°) and lumbar lateral bending (sit = 4.5 ± 2.5°, stand = 4.1 ± 1.6°) were consistently asymmetrical. Pelvic obliquity range of motion was 4.7° larger in standing (13.6 ± 7.5°) than sitting (8.9 ± 8.7°). In sitting, 52% (pelvis) and 71% (lumbar) of participants, and in standing, 71% (pelvis and lumbar) of participants, were considered asymmetric for >90% of the protocol. Lateral postures displayed weak to low correlations with peak low back pain ( R ≤ 0.388)., Conclusion: The majority of participants displayed lateral asymmetries for the pelvis and lumbar spine within 5° of their upright standing posture., Application: In short-term sedentary exposures, associations between lateral postures and pain indicated that as the range in lateral postures increases there may be an increased possibility of pain., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2025
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44. Evaluating the impact of Canadian cannabis legalization on cannabis use outcomes in emerging adults: Comparisons to a US control sample via a natural experiment.
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Doggett A, Belisario KL, McDonald AJ, Gohari M, Leatherdale ST, Murphy JG, and MacKillop J
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- Humans, Male, Female, Canada epidemiology, Young Adult, Longitudinal Studies, United States epidemiology, Adult, Adolescent, Alcohol Drinking epidemiology, Alcohol Drinking legislation & jurisprudence, Marijuana Smoking legislation & jurisprudence, Marijuana Smoking epidemiology, Marijuana Use legislation & jurisprudence, Marijuana Use epidemiology, Legislation, Drug
- Abstract
Background: Recreational cannabis legalization marked a significant policy shift in Canada, but has been difficult to evaluate because of the absence of a control group. Although it is unfeasible to evaluate legalization using a randomized controlled trial design, sophisticated statistical techniques can employ quasi-experimental designs using natural experiments. This study evaluates the impact of cannabis legalization in a longitudinal cohort of Canadian emerging adults by comparing changes in cannabis use frequency and related consequences over time to changes in a similar cohort in a United States jurisdiction where no policy change took place., Methods: Two samples of emerging adults from Hamilton, Ontario, and Memphis, Tennessee, were followed longitudinally in 4-month intervals from March 16, 2018 to March 11, 2020, with three pre-legalization and four post-legalization assessments. Doubly robust difference-in-difference (DiD) estimation was used to assess whether cannabis legalization impacted cannabis use frequency or cannabis-related consequences in the Canadian sample over time. The impact of cannabis legalization on alcohol use and alcohol-related consequences was also assessed as a control form of substance use for which no policy change took place. Cohort differences were adjusted within DiD estimation using propensity score balancing., Results: Against a general trend of decreasing use over time, the DiD estimation revealed significantly greater cannabis use frequency approximately 6-months post legalization (ATT (95% CI): 0.2245 (0.0154, 0.4336)) and approximately one year post legalization (ATT (95% CI):0.3091 (0.0473, 0.5709)) in the Canadian sample compared to the American sample. Cannabis-related consequences were also greater in the Canadian sample at both of these time points (ATT (95% CI): 0.0.7610 (0.0797, 1.4423)), (ATT (95% CI): 1.0396 (0.1864, 1.8928)). These higher levels reflected less steep declines over time (i.e., attenuated 'aging out'). Alcohol changes showed no impact of legalization at any time point, as expected., Conclusions: Findings suggest that cannabis legalization was associated with smaller reductions in cannabis use frequency and adverse consequences than expected in the Canadian sample compared to the American control sample. Although the magnitude of these impacts was small, these findings suggest the start of diverging cannabis trajectories. Given that effects of legalization are hypothesized to be long-term rather than immediate, further monitoring of the impacts of cannabis legalization on developmental trends in cannabis use and related consequences is warranted., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: JM is a principal in Beam Diagnostics, Inc. and a consultant to Clairvoyant Therapeutics, Inc. All other authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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45. Metaphor as methodology: Methodological reflections on visualizing the dementia journey.
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Wiersma EC, Dupuis SL, Sameshima P, Caffery P, and Harvey D
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- Humans, Ontario, Caregivers psychology, Female, Male, Dementia psychology, Metaphor
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Metaphors to describe and understand dementia have been used in Western culture for many years. However, the ways in which people living with dementia and care partners use metaphors and symbols to illustrate and give meaning to their own experiences has been less understood. In this paper we explore the use of metaphor as methodology-- a way to support people living with dementia and their care partners in reflecting on and sharing their experiences of dementia. More specifically, drawing on our experiences using metaphor and symbols to map out the dementia journey from the perspectives of people living with dementia, care partners, and health and social care providers in Ontario, Canada, we describe our process of employing metaphor as methodology. We reflect on the use of metaphor as methodology through framing the dementia experience, exploring complexity, and representing multidimensionality. The use of metaphors has the potential to open space for new understandings of dementia., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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- 2025
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46. Trends in Mental Health Symptoms, Nicotine Product Use, and their Association Over Time Among Adolescents in Canada, England, and the US: Findings from the ITC Adolescents Tobacco and Vaping Survey, 2020-2023.
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Hackworth EE, Vidaña-Pérez D, O'Neal R, Kim M, Fillo J, Hammond D, and Thrasher JF
- Abstract
Introduction: There is a well-established bi-directional relationship between cigarette smoking and internalizing mental health (IMH) symptoms (e.g., symptoms of depression, symptoms of anxiety). However, it is unclear whether IMH symptoms are associated with using different types or combinations of nicotine products (e.g., combustible, non-combustible, exclusive product use or multi-product use). The purpose of this study is to improve our understanding of the relationship between adolescent IMH symptoms and use of a wide variety of nicotine products by examining the association between IMH symptoms and current nicotine use from 2020-2023., Methods: Data come from the 2020-2023 waves of the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Adolescents Tobacco and Vaping Survey, an online repeat cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 16-19 in Canada, England, and the US (n=80,427). Current nicotine use was examined in four categories: 1) no use, 2) exclusive non-combustible product use, 3) exclusive combustible product use, and 4) use of both product types. Respondents reported current symptoms of depression or anxiety, and we generated a dichotomous IMH symptoms variable (yes vs. no). We examined the association between IMH symptoms and current nicotine use using multinomial logistic regression models that adjusted for covariates., Results: IMH symptoms were most strongly associated with use of both product types (adjusted relative risk ratio [ARRR]: 1.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.80-2.03), followed by exclusive non-combustible use (ARRR: 1.70, 95% CI=1.61-1.80), and then exclusive combustible use (ARRR: 1.29, 95% CI=1.21-1.37)., Conclusions: Adolescents with IMH symptoms are more likely to use nicotine products in general than adolescents without IMH symptoms. Specifically, non-combustible product use may have a particularly strong relationship with poor mental health among adolescents. Longitudinal research is needed to better understand directionality., Implications: This study provides an up-to-date understanding of how mental health and nicotine use are related among adolescents, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath. Results indicate that youth mental health may be related to nicotine use, particularly non-combustible use, which is largely driven by e-cigarette use. Efforts to reduce youth e-cigarette use may consider emphasizing its relationship with mental health. Efforts to promote e-cigarette use as a less harmful alternative to cigarette smoking should be aware of the association between vaping and youth mental health., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
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- 2025
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47. Goal conflict and the physical activity intention-behavior relationship: Insights from a study of People's daily experiences.
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Bray SR and Harris S
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Although intention is a strong predictor of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), several factors moderate the intention-behavior relationship. People experience goal conflict when one or more of their goals makes it more difficult to pursue other goals. Goal conflict was examined as a moderator of the intention-behavior relation using data from ecological momentary assessments and accelerometer-derived estimates of MVPA. Participants (N = 100; 22 males) wore an accelerometer and responded to digital surveys assessing MVPA intentions and goal conflict up to four times daily for seven consecutive days. MVPA in the 180-min epoch following each survey prompt was recorded. Multilevel modelling was used to analyze the data using the disaggregated between- and within-person effects. Results revealed an intention-behavior gap of 30% and significant within-person effects for intention and goal conflict. Within-person goal conflict moderated the intention-behavior relationship such that when people had stronger intentions to be active compared to their average level of intention, they engaged in more MVPA; and when goal conflict was higher, compared to their average level of goal conflict, people engaged in less MVPA. Findings suggest experiencing higher goal conflict about engaging in MVPA thwarts people's abilities to follow through with their intentions to be active throughout the day., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
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- 2025
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48. Are Mediators of Grief Reactions Better Predictors Than Risk Factors? A Study Testing the Role of Satisfaction With Rituals, Perceived Social Support, and Coping Strategies.
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Cherblanc J, Zech E, Cadell S, Côté I, Boever C, Fernández-Alcántara M, Bergeron-Leclerc C, Maltais D, Gauthier G, Verdon C, Grenier J, and Simard C
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The present study aimed to assess the mediating role of adjustment processes in known risk factors associated with prolonged grief disorder. Data were collected in March-April 2021 through an online survey of 542 Canadian adults bereaved since March 2020. The mediating role of satisfaction with funeral rituals, bereavement support, and coping strategies on grief outcomes was tested using structural equation modeling. Results showed that such adjustment processes played a significant role in the grief process and that they were better predictors than risk factors alone. Since they are more amenable determinants of grief reactions, they should be further studied using a longitudinal design., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
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- 2025
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49. The effect of immobilisation strategies on the ability of peptoids to reduce the adhesion of P. aeruginosa strains to contact lenses.
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Sara M, Chakraborty S, Chen R, Palms D, Katsifis G, Li Z, Farajikhah S, Massedupally V, Hui A, Wong EHH, Kumar N, Vasilev K, Mackenzie D, Losurdo L, Dehghani F, Jenssen H, Sorensen K, Lin JS, Barron AE, and Willcox M
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- Humans, Eye Infections, Bacterial prevention & control, Eye Infections, Bacterial microbiology, Epithelium, Corneal drug effects, Pseudomonas Infections microbiology, Pseudomonas Infections prevention & control, Methacrylates, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects, Bacterial Adhesion drug effects, Peptoids pharmacology, Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic microbiology, Photoelectron Spectroscopy
- Abstract
Aim: Previous studies have demonstrated that contact lenses coated with the antimicrobial cationic peptide Mel4, a derivative of melimine, can reduce the occurrence of keratitis. However, the antimicrobial activity of Mel4 weakened over time due to its susceptibility to proteolytic degradation. Oligo-N-substituted glycine peptoids such as TM5 and TM18 possess antimicrobial properties and are resistant to proteolytic breakdown. This study focused on exploring methods for covalently attaching these peptoids to contact lenses to enhance their durability and performance in vitro., Methods: The peptoids TM5 and TM18 were covalently attached to etafilcon lenses via carbodiimide chemistry (EDC/NHS), oxazoline plasma, and plasma ion immersion implantation (PIII). The lenses were analysed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), surface charge, and hydrophobicity. Inhibition of adhesion of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and cytotoxicity on corneal epithelial cells were evaluated. The impact of moist heat sterilization on activity was also assessed., Results: XPS confirmed peptoid binding to lenses. Peptoid coatings slightly increased contact angles (≤23°) without affecting overall charge. Peptoids, bound via carbodiimide, inhibited P. aeruginosa adhesion by over 5 log10 CFU per lens, outperforming melimine, which required six times the concentration for a 3 log10 reduction. Peptoids attached via oxazoline or PIII reduced adhesion by > 5 log10 CFU. All covalent methods significantly reduced bacterial adhesion compared to untreated lenses (P < 0.0001). Peptoid-bound lenses were non-toxic to corneal epithelial cells. Sterilization did not affect carbodiimide-treated lenses but reduced the activity of oxazoline and PIII surfaces by 1-2 log10 CFU., Conclusion: Peptoids TM5 and TM18 effectively reduced P. aeruginosa adhesion on lenses, with carbodiimide-bound surfaces retaining activity post-sterilization, showing promise for the development of antimicrobial contact lenses., Competing Interests: Declaration of interest The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
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- 2025
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50. Clinical practice patterns in the management of dry eye disease: A TFOS international survey 2023-24.
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Wolffsohn JS, Semp DA, Dutta D, Jones L, and Craig JP
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Aims: To understand current clinical management of dry eye disease (DED), based on its perceived severity and subtype, by practitioners across the world., Methods: The content of the anonymous survey was chosen to reflect the DED management strategies reported by the Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) second Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS II). Questions were designed to ascertain practitioner treatment choice, depending on the subtype and severity of DED. It was first created in English and then translated/back-translated into 14 languages for online completion., Results: Completed surveys were received from 905 eye care practitioners (52 % optometrists and 42 % ophthalmologists) from across the globe. Many treatment strategies for DED were observed to be utilised by respondents, independent of severity and subtype, the most common being advice (82 %), low (82 %) and high (81 %) viscosity unpreserved lubricants and lid wipes/scrubs (79 %). Several treatments were prescribed across all severity levels (scaled from 1 mild to 10 severe), such as advice (median 4.5, range 4.8), artificial tears (median 5.1, range 4.6) and nutritional supplements (median 5.3, range 4.2). Others were prescribed more frequently with increasing disease severity, for instance, biologics (median 8.2, range 2.8) and surgical approaches (median 8.1, range 2.2). While a similar number of practitioners reported prescribing advice, artificial tears and anti-inflammatories regardless of DED subtype, the commonly reported approaches for aqueous deficient DED were punctal occlusion, therapeutic contact lenses and secretagogues, while the use of oral essential fatty acids, topical lipid-containing products, lid hygiene and lid warming were the preferred management choices for evaporative DED., Conclusions: There remains great variability in clinical approaches to DED management and until research-evidence definitively informs improved guidance, data from this survey may be useful for clinicians to benchmark their practice., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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