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Rosch (1975) proposed that some exemplars are more typical of a category than others. Typicality gradients have historically been estimated from data collected from human participants. Here, we investigated whether they can be estimated from a computer vision model, VGG19, guided by cognitive science models of concepts and categorization. Following prototype models, we estimated the similarity of each exemplar to the concept prototype computed in two ways (average across all exemplars, most typical exemplar). Following exemplar models, we computed the pairwise similarities between pairs of exemplars and used MDS to order them on a continuum. The prototype-average model achieved the highest rank-order correlation to human typicality ratings of exemplars of the bird category. Thus, computer vision models may have some promise for generating human-like typicality gradients. We are extending this work to utilize newer computer vision models such as ResNet, and to encompass a broader range of categories.

Introduction: Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery rehabilitation presents significant challenges, necessitating effective interventions to restore function and mobility. Robotic devices have emerged as promising tools for enhancing knee rehabilitation outcomes. RoboticAssisted Rehabilitation (RAR) systems offer unique capabilities that may address some of the challenges associated with traditional methods, robotic devices can facilitate early mobilisation and functional training, potentially leading to faster recovery, improved joint function, and enhanced patient satisfaction. Aim: To provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on the use of robotic devices in knee rehabilitation. Materials and Methods: A thorough search of databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) was conducted by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using the terms” rehabilitation”,” robot”, and “total knee replacement”. This approach yielded 37 articles of which six full-text available articles, from 2014 and 2024 were included in the present review. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria. Pertinent reference lists were examined. Results: The review identified various types of robotic devices utilised in knee rehabilitation, including exoskeletons, roboticassisted therapy systems, and rehabilitation platforms. Comparative effectiveness studies indicated potential benefits of robotic-assisted rehabilitation in improving range of motion, muscle strength, functional performance and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: It can be concluded that RAR may be an effective treatment in TKR patients. Future research should focus on personalised rehabilitation protocols, longitudinal outcomes assessment and innovative technologies to optimise patient care and rehabilitation efficacy in knee injuries and surgeries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dysmenorrhea, characterised by painful menstrual cramps, is a prevalent condition affecting a significant portion of the female population worldwide. Despite its common occurrence, the management of dysmenorrhea often remains inadequate, with reliance on pharmacological interventions that may offer temporary relief but come with potential side effects and long-term consequences. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of pilates as a holistic approach to alleviate dysmenorrhea symptoms, with the goal of empowering women in managing their menstrual health more effectively. Materials and Methods: The study's literature review spanned several databases—PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar— complemented by manual reference list searches. The search strategy incorporated keywords such as "Pilates," "dysmenorrhea," "menstrual pain management," and "non-pharmacological interventions for dysmenorrhea." This approach yielded 98 articles, from which six full-text available articles, published from 2014 to January 2024, were selected for their insights into the pilates-dysmenorrhea nexus. This research engaged women diagnosed with dysmenorrhea, with preand post-intervention assessments measuring pain levels and physical function using standardised tools. Results: Preliminary outcomes indicate a marked reduction in menstrual pain and an enhancement in physical function among participants undertaking pilates exercises, compared to those in the control group. Conclusion: Pilates exercises offer a holistic and comprehensive management strategy for dysmenorrhea, addressing both its physical and psychological dimensions. The study affirms pilates as an effective, non invasive way to ease dysmenorrhea symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]