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Highlights • The diagnosis of primary malignant tumors is increasingly described with the improvement of life expectancy and the advent of new technologies. • The management must be multidisciplinary and adapted to the condition of each patient. This entity affects elderly people with many comorbidities. • Treatment should be the least aggressive and start with the most aggressive tumor. • The elderly, a family history of neoplasia and smoking appear to be the factors favoring the appearance of multiple synchronous tumors. Our patient was an elderly person and a heavy smoker, Introduction The simultaneous appearance of several primary cancers is rare. Presentation We report the case of a 77-year-old man admitted to the Mohammed V military hospital in Rabat (university hospital) and presenting severe dysuria on the PSA test which was 10.83 ng / ml. The prostate MRI performed revealed a suspected lesion. He had left renal colic associated with hematuria two weeks later. A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis performed revealed a 14 × 12 mm middle and lower calyx excretory tract tumor on the left and a 27.6 × 26.4 lower right polar kidney tumor enhanced after injection of product from contrast. The prostate biopsy confirmed an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. He first underwent a left nephroureterectomy for the tumor of the excretory tract, followed by radiotherapy combined with hormone therapy for his adenocarcinoma. It was decided to monitor the tumor of the right kidney. Discussion The literature contains only a few case reports and reviews of patients with three or more synchronous malignancies. We report the case of a man in whom three different cancers were found over a period of three months. The patient had no significant medical history, such as a family history of cancer or chemotherapy other than old age and chronic smoking. Therefore, we suggest that these factors may favor the occurrence of several synchronous primary cancers. Conclusion There is no consensus on the treatment of multiple malignant tumors. Patient care is individual, by a multidisciplinary team, accounting for the type and the stage of each tumor with a more conservative approach.

Objectives: Ureteropyeloscopy has recently become an essential technique in the diagnosis of upper urinary tract tumors. However, no consensus has been reached regarding its indications. In addition, it is accompanied by several limitations and potential adverse events such as dissemination of malignant cells, adhesion of the ureter to the surrounding tissue, ureteral stricture, and ureteral perforation. In order to determine when and what circumstances dictate the need for ureteropyeloscopy to detect upper urinary tract tumors, we investigated the indications for ureteropyeloscopy based on voided urine cytology and preoperative radiographic findings. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated 92 patients (62 men and 30 women) with a mean age of 66.4 years (range, 15–87 years) who had undergone diagnostic ureteropyeloscopy at our institution for the past 10 years. All patients were divided into six subgroups based on voided urine cytology and preoperative radiographic findings: subgroups A1 (n = 18) and A2 (n = 2), positive cytology (positive catheter urine cytology/negative catheter urine cytology) and positive images; Subgroup B (n = 19), positive cytology and negative images; Subgroups C1 (n = 30) and C2 (n = 10), negative cytology and positive images (upper urinary tract carcinomas/other abnormal findings); Subgroup D (n = 13), negative cytology and negative images. Ureteropyeloscopic findings including histology were compared with urine cytology and radiographic findings. Results: Voided urine cytology exhibited 60.4% sensitivity and 77.3% specificity, while preoperative radiographic findings exhibited 70.8% sensitivity and 63.6% specificity. Carcinomas were detected in all patients in Subgroups A1 and A2. Carcinomas were also detected in 9 patients (47.4%) in Subgroup B, of whom 5 showed a history of bladder tumors. The remaining 10 patients all had a history of bladder cancer. In Subgroups C1, C2, and D, carcinomas were detected in 14 patients (46.7%), 1 patient (10%), and 4 patients (30.8%), respectively. These results suggested that ureteropyeloscopy should be recommended for patients with negative cytology. Three complications (pyelonephritis, renal failure, and urinary retention) were noted, but none of these was severe and all were cured within a few days. No malignant findings were obtained in any of the patients during follow-up after negative findings in ureteropyeloscopy. Conclusions: Ureteropyeloscopy is essential for detecting upper urinary tract carcinoma in patients with negative voided urine cytology and positive radiographic findings. In addition, ureteropyeloscopy seems to be used commonly among patients with positive urine cytology and negative radiographic findings, or those with bleeding from the ureteral orifice. However, unless conservative nephron-sparing treatment is considered, ureteropyeloscopy may be unnecessary for patients with positive urine cytology and positive radiographic findings.

Introduction and objectives: The incidence of upper urinary tract tumors is currently unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the real incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in Spain. Material and methods: A descriptive, prospective and multicenter epidemiological study was conducted in 31 Spanish facilities by means of the Platform for Multicenter Studies of the Spanish Association of Urology. Recruitment was opened from May 1st, 2017 to April 30th, 2018. The original database was exported directly from the electronic Data Collection Logbook on December 15th, 2018, with a total of 404 cases registered (402 valid cases after depuration). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS software v 23 and EPIDAT v 3.4. Results: The incidence adjusted to Spanish population from raw data was 3.27 cases per 100.000 inhabitants per year (2.93 - 3.61 95% CI) and 3,3 cases per 100.000 inhabitants per year (2.96-3.66 95%C1) when adjusted to European population by age. The mean age at diagnosis was 70 years, and 77% of patients were male. Thirty-four percent of patients had an incidental diagnosis. Tumors were most commonly located in the pyelocalyceal system (54%), followed by the distal ureter (22%). Prior ureteroscopy was performed in 114 patients: this technique modified the subsequent treatment indication in 58% of cases. Radical nephroureterectomy was performed in 311 patients. Kidney-sparing surgery was the elected treatment in 76 patients (20%). Complications were found in 69% of cases, most of them classified as Clavien 1 and 2 (86% of all complications). Postoperative mortality rate was 1.7%. Conclusions: UTUC adjusted incidence rate in Spain is 3.27 and 3.3 in Europe. Prior URS modified the treatment indication in 18% of patients. We found a 69% complication rate and a 1.7% mortality rate. (C) 2020 AEU. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

A 66-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital for bilateral renal pelvic tumors. Ureteroscopic biopsy revealed urothelial carcinoma (UC) of low grade (G1) of the renal pelvis. Renal sparing treatment with systemic chemotherapy and percutaneous tumor resection was performed. However, during subsequent follow up, a recurrent tumor was foundon the left ureter. After ureteroscopic laser ablation of the tumor, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion therapy (once a week, total 6 weeks) was performed via a single J ureteral catheter with no adverse events. Later, another recurrent recurrence was found on the right ureter, and was managed by ureteroscopic laser ablation followed by BCG perfusion therapy via a single J ureteral catheter. However, the patient developed high fever with chill from the day after initial BCG perfusion therapy on the right side. Although we started antibiotics, high fever continued. Then antituberculous drugs were administered and his condition was improved. Computed tomographic scan revealeda right renal mass 57 mm in diameter, which was consistent with tuberculous granuloma. The tuberculous granuloma persisted despite the continuation of anti-tuberculous drugs. In exceptional cases of upper tract UC such as single kidney andbilateral tumor, BCG perfusion therapy has been usedas adjunctive treatment to cure or prevent UC. However, dosages and administration methods of BCG perfusion therapy for upper tract UC still remain to be standardized. Serious adverse events after BCG perfusion therapy require prompt and proper management including the use of anti-tuberculous drugs.

Introducción: Los tumores uroteliales del aparato urinario superior representan el 5% de los tumores uroteliales. Existen pocos estudios que definan los parámetros clínicos y patológicos de progresión tumoral. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar dichos parámetros y determinar su valor como factores pronósticos de progresión tumoral y mortalidad cáncer específica. Material y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de 114 pacientes sometidos a nefroureterectomía o ureterectomía parcial entre 1991 y 2004. Las variables analizadas fueron sexo, edad, grado histológico y estadio patológico, CIS, localización del tumor, multiplicidad, antecedentes de tumor vesical, presencia de adenopatías y tratamiento quimioterapéutico adyuvante. Se utilizó la prueba de Spearman para establecer correlaciones. El estudio de supervivencia se llevó a cabo mediante las curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Para el estudio multivariable se utilizó la regresión de Cox por pasos. Resultados: La distribución por estadio y grado de los tumores fue: 15 pTa, 25 pT1, 26 pT2, 32 pT3, 16 pT4, 10 (9%) G1, 52 (45,5%) G2 y 52 (45,5%) G3, respectivamente. Quince pacientes tenían afectación adenopática en el momento del diagnóstico. El 14% de los 114 pacientes recibieron tratamiento adyuvante con quimioterapia (régimen basado en platino). Tras un seguimiento medio de 74,8 meses, el 30,7% de los pacientes presentaron progresión tumoral y el 24,6% mortalidad específica por cáncer. La supervivencia global y la cáncer específica a los 5 años fue del 59,3% y 72,9%, respectivamente. La supervivencia libre de enfermedad a los 5 años fue del 68%. Los tiempos medios hasta la progresión tumoral y hasta la muerte específica por cáncer fueron de 12,2 y 23,2 meses, respectivamente. El análisis multivariable mostró como factores independientes de progresión tumoral y mortalidad específica por cáncer el grado histológico y el estadio patológico. Conclusión: El grado histológico y el estadio patológico son factores pronósticos independientes de progresión tumoral y mortalidad específica por cáncer en el carcinoma urotelial del aparato urinario superior. Purpose: Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) represents 5% of all urothelial tumors and has uncertain prognostic. Exist few series which describes clinical-pathological parameters of tumor progression. The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical and pathological parameters and determine their value as prognostic factors of tumor progression and cancer-specific survival. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of 114 cases of radical nephroureterectomy or partial ureterectomy collected between 1991-2004. Variables analyzed were age, sex, pathological tumor stage, histological tumor grade, CIS, tumor localization, multiplicity, bladder cancer history, pathological nodes and adjuvant chemotherapy. Spearman test was used for correlations. The probabilities of progression free survival and cancer-specific survival were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. In the multivariate analysis forward stepwise Cox regression was performed. Results: Pathological stage was: 15 pTa, 25 pT1, 26 pT2, 32 pT3 and 16 pT4. There were 10 G1 (9%), 52 G2 (45.5%) and 52 G3 (45.5%). Fifteen patients presented pathological nodes at the moment of diagnosis. Fourteen percent of 114 patients received adjuvant treatment (Platin-based regimen). Mean follow-up: 74.8 months; 30.7% of the patients developed tumor progression. Death from the disease: 24.6%. Five-years overall and cancer-specific survival: 59.3% and 72.9%, respectively. Five-year progression-free survival: 68%. Mean time of tumor progression: 12.2 months and 23.3 months for cancer-specific death. In the multivariate analysis the independent predictive variables of death and tumor progression were histological grade and pathological stage. Conclusions: We demonstrated that histological grade and pathological stage constitute independent prognostic factors of tumor progression and cancer-specific survival in UUTUC.

A 66-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital for bilateral renal pelvic tumors. Ureteroscopic biopsy revealed urothelial carcinoma (UC) of low grade (G1) of the renal pelvis. Renal sparing treatment with systemic chemotherapy and percutaneous tumor resection was performed. However, during subsequent follow up, a recurrent tumor was foundon the left ureter. After ureteroscopic laser ablation of the tumor, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) perfusion therapy (once a week, total 6 weeks) was performed via a single J ureteral catheter with no adverse events. Later, another recurrent recurrence was found on the right ureter, and was managed by ureteroscopic laser ablation followed by BCG perfusion therapy via a single J ureteral catheter. However, the patient developed high fever with chill from the day after initial BCG perfusion therapy on the right side. Although we started antibiotics, high fever continued. Then antituberculous drugs were administered and his condition was improved. Computed tomographic scan revealeda right renal mass 57 mm in diameter, which was consistent with tuberculous granuloma. The tuberculous granuloma persisted despite the continuation of anti-tuberculous drugs. In exceptional cases of upper tract UC such as single kidney andbilateral tumor, BCG perfusion therapy has been usedas adjunctive treatment to cure or prevent UC. However, dosages and administration methods of BCG perfusion therapy for upper tract UC still remain to be standardized. Serious adverse events after BCG perfusion therapy require prompt and proper management including the use of anti-tuberculous drugs.

Objetivo: Estudiar la clínica, el diagnostico y el tratamiento de los tumores de tracto urinario superior. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo de los tumores de tracto urinario superior tratados en nuestro centro, Clínica La Luz Madrid, entre el 1995 y el 2008. Resultados: Tratamos 42 tumores en 40 pacientes. La edad media fue de 64 años y encontramos 29 varones frente a 11 mujeres. El debut clínico más frecuente fue la hematuria macroscópica en el 45% de los casos y el método diagnostico que más se utilizó fue la urografía intravenosa (62,5%). El lado más afectado fue el derecho (20 casos frente a 18 del lado izquierdo) y en dos casos el tumor se presentó de forma bilateral. La región más afectada fue el uréter distal. El 27,5% de los pacientes presentaron asociado tumor vesical. La terapia más utilizada fue la resección láser endoscópica, 5 pacientes precisaron una segunda intervención por recidiva y dos programada por resección incompleta, siete casos presentaron complicaciones post intervención. El 70% de los tumores fue superficial. El 40% de los casos fue sometido a quimioterapia local con instilaciones endovesicales con Mytomicina C a ritmo semanal por 8 semanas. La tasa de recidiva fue del 20% y la de mortalidad del 10%. Conclusiones: Los tumores del tracto urinario superior siguen siendo una entidad poco frecuente que aparece en la edad media avanzada de la vida. Durante años el tratamiento de elección ha sido la nefroureterectomía radical con resección de rodete vesical, en estos últimos años el tratamiento endoscópico está tomando cada vez más importancia y está dando buenos resultados en casos bien selecionados. Objectives: To study the clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of upper urinary tract tumors. Methods: We perform a retrospective study of upper urinary tract tumors treated in our Department at Clinica La Luz Madrid between 1995 and 2008. Results: We treated 42 tumors in 40 patients. Mean age was 64 years; there were 29 males and 11 females. Macroscopic hematuria was the most frequent clinical presentation, in 45% of the cases, and the imaging diagnostic test most frequently used was intravenous urogram (62,5%).There were more tumors on the right side (20 cases) than the left side (18 cases), 2 cases were bilateral. Distal ureter was the most frequent site. 27,5% of the patients presented associated bladder tumors. The most frequently used therapy was laser endoscopic resection. 5 patients required a second operation due to recurrence and 2 more a programmed second procedure due to incomplete resection; 7 cases presented postoperative complications. 70% of the tumors were superficial. 40% of the cases underwent local chemotherapy with weekly bladder instillations of Mitomycin C for 8 weeks. Recurrence rate was 20% and mortality 10%. Conclusions: Upper urinary tract tumors keep being a rare entity appearing in mid-advanced ages. Radical nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff has been the treatment of choice for years, but in recent years endoscopic treatment is gaining more importance and is showing good results in selected cases.