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Water security for regions that depend on mountain runoff is threatened by climate change and upstream impacts. To build resilience against water scarcity, groundwater may be an emergency or alternative water source, providing a temporary solution in the event of upstream contamination or during drought. Across western North America, buried-valley aquifers are a viable emergency water source. In Alberta, Canada, buried-valley aquifers supply domestic users; however, little is known about their capacity to supply larger water volumes. Using a regional groundwater model, this study investigated the capacity for buried-valley aquifers to supply water to the City of Edmonton, Alberta (population of 1 million) in an emergency scenario where the principal river water source was unusable. The numerical groundwater model has complex hydrostratigraphy, including glacial deposits, dipping bedrock units, and recently mapped Onoway, Beverly, and Stony buried-valley aquifers. Pumping rates varying from 10 to 375 ML/day were assessed for durations of 3, 30, and 365 days, corresponding to hypothetical response times for a range of emergencies. Although none of the aquifers could supply a sufficient volume of water for no change in service, it is possible that up to 190 ML/day could be sourced from groundwater for a period of 1 year. To achieve high rates of pumping, up to 13 production wells would be required in a buried-valley aquifer. The unique hydrogeological responses to hypothetical pumping scenarios also demonstrate the hydrogeology of buried-valley aquifers from a more holistic viewpoint as part of a regional groundwater flow system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Madinah City in Saudi Arabia is rapidly growing with high population growth, water demand, sewage generation, and agricultural activities. The hydrogeological layering sequence in Madinah City reveals that there are three main layers that extend within the areas between wadi systems. The shallow water table rise (SWTR) problem has risen in several areas of the city, and the fluctuations in the piezometric water observed from the shallow aquifer systems. The research aims to investigate the changes in shallow groundwater levels within the Madinah City. Sources of water table rise and fluctuations are investigated through an extensive field hydro-geological survey comprising wells drilling and water level monitoring, which indicated the following results between 1977 and 2010 including those of newly drilled wells: (i) water flow is partially blocked along wadi Alaqiq and this has caused an increased regional flow moving from west along wadi Alaqiq towards the central area; (ii) groundwater levels have changed in the agricultural areas as indicated by 15–26 m rise along wadi Alaqiq; (iii) groundwater level fluctuations as indicated by 590 m amsl (1977) against less than 575 m amsl (2010) in the east and southeast of the study area as a result of increased heavy pumping since past 37 years. The overall flow phenomenon is reflected in the groundwater gradients on an increasing trend with orientation from the western region along the wadi Alaqiq towards the central area and southeast which has invariably resulted in the overall declining of water levels throughout the affected area.

Madinah City in Saudi Arabia is rapidly growing with high population growth, water demand, sewage generation, and agricultural activities. The hydrogeological layering sequence in Madinah City reveals that there are three main layers that extend within the areas between wadi systems. The shallow water table rise (SWTR) problem has risen in several areas of the city, and the fluctuations in the piezometric water observed from the shallow aquifer systems. The research aims to investigate the changes in shallow groundwater levels within the Madinah City. Sources of water table rise and fluctuations are investigated through an extensive field hydro-geological survey comprising wells drilling and water level monitoring, which indicated the following results between 1977 and 2010 including those of newly drilled wells: (i) water flow is partially blocked along wadi Alaqiq and this has caused an increased regional flow moving from west along wadi Alaqiq towards the central area; (ii) groundwater levels have changed in the agricultural areas as indicated by 15–26 m rise along wadi Alaqiq; (iii) groundwater level fluctuations as indicated by 590 m amsl (1977) against less than 575 m amsl (2010) in the east and southeast of the study area as a result of increased heavy pumping since past 37 years. The overall flow phenomenon is reflected in the groundwater gradients on an increasing trend with orientation from the western region along the wadi Alaqiq towards the central area and southeast which has invariably resulted in the overall declining of water levels throughout the affected area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have a poor understanding of how urban drainage and other engineered components interact with more natural hydrological processes in green and blue spaces to generate stream flow. This limits the scientific evidence base for predicting and mitigating the effects of future development of the built environment and climate change on urban water resources and their ecosystem services. Here, we synthesize > 20 years of environmental monitoring data to better understand the hydrological function of the 109-km2 Wuhle catchment, an important tributary of the river Spree in Berlin, Germany. More than half (56%) of the catchment is urbanized, leading to substantial flow path alterations. Young water from storm runoff and rapid subsurface flow provided around 20% of stream flow. However, most of it was generated by older groundwater (several years old), mainly recharged through the rural headwaters and non-urban green spaces. Recent drought years since 2018 showed that this base flow component has reduced in response to decreased recharge, causing deterioration in water quality and sections of the stream network to dry out. Attempts to integrate the understanding of engineered and natural processes in a traditional rainfall-runoff model were only partly successful due to uncertainties over the catchment area, effects of sustainable urban drainage, adjacent groundwater pumping, and limited conceptualization of groundwater storage dynamics. The study highlights the need for more extensive and coordinated monitoring and data collection in complex urban catchments and the use of these data in more advanced models of urban hydrology to enhance management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study region: Ōtautahi Christchurch, New Zealand Study focus: Urban shallow groundwater monitoring networks are becoming widespread in New Zealand and globally. A reliable groundwater monitoring infrastructure is important to develop knowledge on water table aquifers in coastal cities like Ōtautahi Christchurch. Previous investigations have shown shallow groundwater vulnerability to salinisation and contamination in urban settings, and shallow groundwater exacerbates flooding from climate change and the impact of rising sea levels. New hydrological insights for the region: Following the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence, shallow groundwater data acquisition and the establishment of a geotechnical database in Ōtautahi Christchurch provided unprecedented information on subsurface conditions. The installation of the groundwater monitoring infrastructure opened the field of New Zealand-based urban hydrogeological studies, including continuous measurements of groundwater levels. This study presents the hydrogeological context of Ōtautahi Christchurch, provides an overview of seismic impacts on groundwater, and documents the monitoring network’s development. Methods for assessing the monitoring network included field surveys and digital information review. The overall good condition and robustness of the network mean the dataset held by the city and regional councils should be more widely used to benefit the community. Implications for researchers and network asset managers mean that the maintenance and availability of the data should be prioritised. Records from urban shallow groundwater monitoring networks are becoming an essential source of information to manage urban water resources under climate change and sea-level rise conditions.

This paper proposes a methodology for managing groundwater monitoring directly in the field through a specific data entry system installed on mobile devices and a relational geographic database that allows the visualization and querying of data via a specific web interface. The study area is the city of Rome, where a monitoring system of approximately 150 piezometers and wells, currently manually monitored twice a year. The proposed method uses the Enterprise cloud platform (ESRI, 2024) managed by ISPRA-SNPA, which guarantees the repository of the data collected in an online cloud system and the use of Web applications. The data of the time series of levels and chemical-physical parameters such as temperature, pH, conductivity are freely accessible through attribute tables, graphs, and viewer elements. The results highlight numerous possibilities for expanding the network of active wells, enabling the use of groundwater resources for adaptation measures to address ongoing climate change.

Abstract The architectural ensemble of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra monastery located in the city of Kyiv on the Right Bank of the Dnipro River, which represents historical and cultural heritage of world significance, suffers from a wide range of hazardous geological processes. The review and analysis of data of the long-term (since the 1990s) groundwater monitoring studies of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra shows that hydrogeological hazards caused by a complex combination of natural and anthropogenic factors (as well as sometimes by engineering miscalculations) have led to a significant number of emergency situations that threaten the heritage architectural monuments. Monitoring data illustrate a wide range of hydrogeological hazards (flooding, subsidence, landslides, suffusion), and emphasize the importance of consideration of hydrogeological aspects for safeguarding architectural monuments in the urbanized context. The paper also summarizes experience in engineering measures aimed at mitigating of hydrogeological hazards and discusses the pending research tasks

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Maringá, in southern Brazil, is undergoing a crisis with the alternation of dry and wet periods and floods caused by heavy rainfall along with the lack of infiltration of the stormwater. Due to a combination of these two opposite factors, the central lake of Ingá Park, which is an important urban park of the city, is suffering from water level reduction. This paper aims to verify if a sustainable drainage system design with infiltration wells can help recharge the surface aquifer. To this end, a stormwater drainage system simulation was conducted using SewerGEMS. Additionally, a calibrated shallow aquifer computational model was run in Visual Modflow Flex considering recharge wells to verify whether rainfall events impact the water levels of the surface aquifer. The results show that the sustainable intervention in a drainage system to increase stormwater infiltration has the potential to effectively recharge the shallow aquifers, while helping, at the same time, the drainage system, which is operating beyond design capacity, and the Ingá Park Lake. Thus, this study demonstrates that the sustainable design of drainage systems can help restore the springs inside the urban park. However, it is important to continuously monitor the wells' heads and the hydrological variables. Also, for future studies, new models and simulations must be undertaken using the continuous monitoring data already available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fractured media hydrosystems sources are valuable worldwide for irrigation, water supply, and industrial purposes. Mapping and evaluating intrinsic groundwater vulnerability is a balanced integrative methodology to describe the potential groundwater contamination or pollution. The Geographical Information System (GIS) overlay mapping technique and multi-parametric methodology are largely employed to evaluate vulnerability in groundwater systems. However, the DRASTIC index methodology is often used for regional approaches and is the most recognised for groundwater vulnerability assessment for general purposes. Therefore, several adaptations were proposed, such as the DRASTIC‐Fm methodology focused on fractured rock media. This study proposes an updated multi-parametric DRASTIC-Fm-URBAN methodology's concept, importance, and applicability, which supports the potential groundwater vulnerability on fractured media assessment for urban areas. This approach is more accurate, particularly on regional to local scales. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was applied to define the weight of each assessment parameter. In addition, the index DISCO-URBAN, SI and GODS were used in the historic springs of the Porto and Vila Nova de Gaia riverside urban area. In fact, coupling DRASTIC-Fm-URBAN and DISCO-URBAN vulnerability indexes are reliable approaches to be included as a tool to develop a robust hydrogeological conceptual site model for urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND Antibiotic pollution carried by reclaimed water infiltration is one of the sources of groundwater pollution, which has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the safety of urban groundwater resources. The effects of antibiotics on microbial communities and their functions in complex and fragile groundwater environments deserve attention. OBJECTIVES To explore the differences of groundwater environmental factors in different seasons and the distribution characteristics of antibiotic pollution, and to explore the influence mechanism of antibiotics on a microbial community. METHODS Based on the high-throughput sequencing method of 16S rRNA gene, the microbial community structure in urban groundwater in the infiltration area of reclaimed water in March and September was studied. Combined with field investigation and indoor analysis, the ion (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, F-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-, NO2-, HCO3-, CO32-) concentration in the sample was measured, and the main antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sulfapyridine, sulfacetamide) concentration was measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS (1) In the study area, the concentration of antibiotics in groundwater in March was higher than that in September, mainly sulfacetamide and ciprofloxacin. In addition to seasonal factors, human activities may be another factor affecting the distribution of antibiotics. (2) The microbial community was mainly composed of Proteobacteria (81.04%), Bacteroidota (7.60%), and Firmicutes (4.21%). 3-nitrogen (NH4+, NO3-, NO2-) and antibiotics were important factors affecting the microbial community structure in the study area. Different antibiotics had different effects on the microbial community. Among them, sulfapyridine, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin had the greatest impact on microorganisms, while ciprofloxacin and sulfacetamide had less impact. (3) Co-occurrence network analysis found that the two dominant functional groups had a high degree of connection with antibiotics, namely, antibiotics had a potential impact on the main microbial functional groups and their functions in the study area. CONCLUSIONS The study provides support for understanding the impact mechanism of antibiotics on a groundwater microbial community and the ecological risk.

Urban centers have inherited a unique mix of persistent contamination that impacts interactions among urban soil and groundwater systems. In particular, the potential for urban groundwater to transport contaminants from surface sources through the subsurface environment and ultimately to soils is not well understood. Studies have focused on specific ‘natural’ mechanisms driving distribution of metals in urban soils. However, very few studies have examined the accumulation of contamination in soils at groundwater discharge locations (springs) and the potential for groundwater to redistribute urban legacy contaminants far from the source. Soil transects straddling four groundwater springs in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania were sampled to evaluate patterns resulting from contaminated groundwater discharge on urban soils. Metal concentrations were measured in pore water and compared with concentrations observed in total digestions and exchangeable extractions (acetic acid) of the soil. Across the springs Co, Cr, Ni, and V (metals often used in steel alloys) were elevated downslope, suggesting contaminated groundwater discharge enriches trace metals in these locations. These processes create unexpected biogeochemical patterns on the landscape and have the potential to create hotspots of soil metal contamination at predictable points across the urban landscape.

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This paper proposes a preliminary and large-scale survey methodology to identify areas suitable for indepth analysis for the application of Sustainable Drainage Systems and Managed Aquifer Recharge. These techniques are frequently applied to increase the natural infiltration capacity of water into the ground and their effectiveness depends on the local hydrogeological and morphological characteristics. The study area is the city of Rome where the aim is to mitigate the problems related to rainwater which, in case of extreme events, struggles to infiltrate into the ground, overloads the undersized drainage systems, and floods the urban space.The proposed method involves GIS geospatial analysis of the permeability of outcropping lithologies, the digital elevation model, and the piezometric levels of the aquifers. To identify the suitable zones, areas characterised by high permeability and a piezometric level that would confer a volumetric capacity to possibly store even large quantities of water, without triggering possible problems of water table rise, were identified. Data were divided into classes and indexed to compare and overlap them. Furthermore, the final result was compared with the urban flooding phenomena and the soil permeability map of Rome. The results of the performed analysis show that the preliminary suitable conditions to apply SuDS and MAR in Rome are widespread. The geological setting of the city is characterised by permeable lithologies in many places with an effective infiltration potential that would allow rainwater to infiltrate the subsoil and reach the first available aquifer.

Groundwater plays a strategic role supplying the worldwide demand of water. In Canguçu town, groundwater is used as an alternative source for domestic supply. The present study evaluated urban shallow groundwater quality through the use of water quality indexes and a multivariate statistical approach. The following parameters: thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli, pH, total dissolved solids, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, bicarbonate, chloride, sulfide, and manganese were obtained from four surveys from spring five sampling points during the period 2020–2021. The results were compared with the WHO drinking water guideline limits, then a drinking groundwater quality index DGQI was calculated. The data were evaluated through the use of a stepwise multiple linear regression, and a principal component analysis was carried out. Microbiological results demonstrated that groundwater analyzed is not safe for drinking without disinfection. Physicochemical results indicated that the parameters pH, manganese, and potassium often did not comply with the WHO guideline limits. The DGQI indicated that 55% of the samples were classified as having “good” to “excellent” water quality, 25% had “poor” water quality, 15% had “very poor” water quality, and 5% were considered to be unsuitable for drinking purposes. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis modeled two equations and identified that sodium, pH, manganese, potassium, and calcium as the variables that contributed most to the DGQI results. Principal component analysis demonstrated the predominance of the ion exchange process in controlling groundwater chemistry in the area. The present study is the first groundwater quality study of shallow groundwater in Canguçu town, Pelotas Batholith, and demonstrated the patterns of groundwater and the urgently necessity of previous treatment of groundwater, as well as the great hazard of drinking untreated water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Urban aquifers are at risk of contamination from persistent and mobile organic compounds (PMOCs), especially per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are artificial organic substances widely used across various industrial sectors. PFAS are considered toxic, mobile and persistent, and have therefore gained significant attention in environmental chemistry. Moreover, precursors could transform into more recalcitrant products under natural conditions. However, there is limited information about the processes which affect their behaviour in groundwater at the field-scale. In this context, the aim of this study is to assess the presence of PFAS in an urban aquifer in Barcelona, and identify processes that control their evolution along the groundwater flow. 21 groundwater and 6 river samples were collected revealing the presence of 16 PFAS products and 3 novel PFAS. Short and ultra-short chain PFAS were found to be ubiquitous, with the highest concentrations detected for perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFSA). Long chain PFAS and novel PFAS were found to be present in very low concentrations (<50 ng/L). It was observed that redox conditions influence the behaviour of a number of PFAS controlling their attenuation or recalcitrant behaviour. Most substances showed accumulation, possibly explained by sorption/desorption processes or transformation processes, highlighting the challenges associated with PFAS remediation. In addition, the removal processes of different intensities for three PFAS were revealed. Our results help to establish the principles of the evolution of PFAS along the groundwater flow, which are important for the development of conceptual models used to plan and adopt site specific groundwater management activities (e.g., Managed Aquifer Recharge). [Display omitted] • Sixteen PFASs were detected in an urban aquifer at maximum concentration of 484 ng/L. • Shortest chain PFASs were persistent under nitrate reducing conditions. • Suboxic conditions seem to promote the attenuation of short-chain PFASs. • Some longest chain PFASs were partly attenuated under nitrate reducing conditions. • Eleven PFASs accumulated in groundwater while 3 were attenuated to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Groundwater infiltration in sewer networks is critically overviewed. • Our categorisation reveals dominance of vadose zone studies in this field. • Findings stress coastal sewer vulnerability, urging climate adaptation. • Research highlights novel gap in monitoring, stressing spatiotemporal analysis. While existing studies on sewer networks have explored topics such as surface water inflow, limited research has delved into groundwater infiltration (GWI). This study aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive overview of quantitative analyses of GWI in sewer networks plus current status, limitations and future perspectives, considering the most relevant peer-reviewed research, including 83 studies. We propose dividing the existing research into two main groups: (1) phreatic zone, and (2) vadose zone. Most research has focused on the latter, mainly considering Rainfall-Derived Inflow and Infiltration (RDII), including surface water inflow and GWI. The ratio of each is not frequently separated; otherwise, there may be some assumptions, e.g. in dry weather and assuming zero surface water inflow. We also divided the employed approaches in different categories from physically-based numerical models, to simpler ones, e.g. water budget analysis. In fact, a combination of approaches may be applied to find the intricate characteristics of 'urban groundwater' or 'urban karst.' The findings revealed a heightened vulnerability of sewer networks to GWI, due to climate change (CC) and its associated repercussions, e.g. sea level rise (SLR), making the coastal cities the most vulnerable regions. In future research, the criticality of pre-emptive measures and monitoring of networks, especially near the coastline, is emphasised to ensure the resilience and adaptability of sewer networks in the context of GWI amid the potential impacts of CC. However, current monitoring practices lack widespread evidence for spatiotemporal analysis of GWI quantity. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significant increase in urbanization has resulted in greater use of the subsurface in urban planning and, therefore, increased interaction between groundwater and underground infrastructure. Numerical models are the primary tool adopted to manage the resulting problems; however, their construction is time- and cost-consuming. Groundwater-level time-series analysis can be a complementary method, as this data-driven approach does not require an extensive understanding of the geological and boundary conditions, even if providing insights into the hydrogeologic behaviour. Thus, a data-driven approach was adopted to analyse groundwater time-series of the shallow aquifer, occupied by several underground structures, beneath Milan city (Northern Italy). Statistical (Mann-Kendall and Sen's slope estimator, autocorrelation and cross-correlation, hierarchical cluster analysis) and geospatial techniques were used to detect the potential variables influencing the groundwater levels of 95 monitoring wells, covering the period 2005–2019. A general rising trend of the water table was identified, with local hydrogeologic differences in the western and southernmost areas. Based on time-series analysis results, four management areas have been identified. These areas could act as future geographic units with specific groundwater management strategies. In particular, subsurface public car parks can be classified with respect to groundwater flooding as (1) not submerged, (2) possibly critical, or (3) submerged at different groundwater conditions. According to these outcomes, targeted guidelines for constructing new car parks have been elaborated for each management area. The methodology proved to be efficient in improving the urban conceptual model and helping stakeholders design the planned underground development, considering groundwater aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An analysis of 17 Romanian cities' Urban General Plans showed that urban planning documents do not satisfactorily rely on groundwater information. The associated hydrogeological supporting studies include only general recommendations. However, they should include specifications to improve water-balance and detail the need to implement monitoring systems to monitor groundwater levels. The studies do not recommend special construction measures to be implemented for future infrastructure elements and do not include maps delimiting the particular geotechnical and hydrogeological characteristics. A study conducted on an urban river corridor using satellite remote sensing and a methodology characterizing the chosen zone clearly shows a major concordance between the groundwater level and vertical displacements. In addition, the presence of urban anthropogenic strata associated with the groundwater level fluctuations showed amplified vertical displacements of the ground when compared to the areas where the natural deposits exist. The methodology combines subsidence occurrence, land-cover changes, hydrogeological, geological, and hydrological characteristics, climatic aspects, the location, the extension of old quarries, and the last 100 years of topographical changes. These observations emphasize the need for accurate studies to properly discriminate between phenomena and processes generating subsidence, which must be used systematically to support the general urban plans of cities as the documentation of future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic pollution carried by reclaimed water infiltration is one of the sources of groundwater pollution, which has become a problem that cannot be ignored in the safety of urban groundwater resources. The effects of antibiotics on microbial communities and their functions in complex and fragile groundwater environments deserve attention. OBJECTIVES: To explore the differences of groundwater environmental factors in different seasons and the distribution characteristics of antibiotic pollution, and to explore the influence mechanism of antibiotics on a microbial community. METHODS: Based on the high - throughput sequencing method of 16S rRNA gene, the microbial community structure in urban groundwater in the infiltration area of reclaimed water in March and September was studied. Combined with field investigation and indoor analysis, the ion (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4+, F, Cl, SO4², NO3, NO2, HCO3, CO3²)concentration in the sample was measured, and the main antibiotic (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sulfapyridine, sulfacetamide) concentration was measured by ultra - high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS: (I) In the study area, the concentration of antibiotics in groundwater in March was higher than that in September, mainly sulfacetamide and ciprofloxacin. In addition to seasonal factors, human activities may be another factor affecting the distribution of antibiotics.(2)The microbial community was mainly composed of Proteobactetia (81.04%), Bacterowota (7.60%), and Finnicutes (4.21%). 3- nitrogen (NH4+, NO3, NO2) and antibiotics were important factors affecting the microbial community structure in the study area. Different antibiotics had different effects on the microbial community. Among them, sulfapyridine, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and moxifloxacin had the greatest impact on microorganisms, while ciprofloxacin and sulfacetamide had less impact. (3)Co - occurrence network analysis found that the two dominant functional groups had a high degree of connection with antibiotics, namely, antibiotics had a potential impact on the main microbial functional groups and their functions in the study area. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides support for understanding the impact mechanism of antibiotics on a groundwater microbial community and the ecological risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A shallow water table (SWT) rises up to several centimeters below the soil surface and even exfiltrates making surface impoundments that are common in humid climates. Recently, SWTs emerged even in arid and semi-arid regions of several metropolitan areas of the Arabian Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries with a pernicious impact on the urban infrastructure, health, ecohydrology of parks and gardens, among others. Quantifying SWT's dynamics and understanding the associated phenomena of water motion and solute transport are vital for finding the proper mitigation techniques and reducing the risks associated with SWT. In this preliminary study, SWT was delineated, its seasonal dynamics was monitored, evaporation losses were quantified, and groundwater chemistry was measured at Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) campus (Oman). The study sites were near the building of the College of Nursing (Wadi N, 4 soil excavations thereafter indicated as S1, S2, S3 and S4) and near the SQU Mosque (Wadi M, 3 locations were labeled 1,2 and 3). Field measurements of SWT in soil excavations, laboratory analysis of collected groundwater samples, and numerical simulation of evaporation using HYDRUS-1D were conducted. The results showed that the water table depth in all excavations in Wadi N increased during June compared to January-March by 24 times (from 0-6 cm to 130-145 cm), while the water salinity increased by 50% (from 4,563 mg/L to 9,164 mg/L). Unlike Wadi N, the water table in Wadi M remained steady (within 4.5-6 cm), while the water salinity of the locations 1 and 2 increased by nearly 40% to 22% (7,948-13,632 mg/L and 7,372-9,075 mg/L), respectively, whereas it decreased by nearly 30% in location 3 (from 9,177 to 6,374 mg/L). These variations in water chemistry suggest that the studied SWT is patchy and caps perched aquifers, which are likely to be disconnected hydraulically from each other and the regional aquifer located at the depth of about 15 m under the local ground surface. Considering the seasonal variation in weather conditions, the results of HYDRUS-1D simulations showed that the evaporation rate in June was higher by about 50% than that for January-March. The discharge from the water table due to evaporation from the whole area of Wadi N was estimated by the model to be around 6600 m3. Further studies should determine the source of groundwater that would make possible a hydrological balance for perched aquifers. This would drilling and installing nested piezometers with regular record of SWT and regional groundwater, geophysical surveys of the subsurface, detailed analysis of soil pedogenesis and morphology of the vadose zone, isotope analysis of groundwater, and detailed numerical simulations of groundwater and soil moisture motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the rapid development of China's economy in recent years, the prevention and control of groundwater pollution has become increasingly acute. With the increasingly serious environmental problems of groundwater, it is of great significance to study groundwater. In order to correctly understand the groundwater environmental quality in a certain area and make the groundwater pollution monitoring more targeted, it is urgent to optimize the existing monitoring indicators. By analyzing the direct and indirect effects of features on anomaly detection, this paper designs redundant feature deletion mechanism and feature importance evaluation mechanism, and proposes a mixer mode feature selection algorithm to select groundwater pollution features quickly and accurately. Then, the method of anomaly detection is improved by using the feature selection algorithm, and an anomaly detection technology based on groundwater feature selection is proposed to improve the detection accuracy of all kinds of abnormal data. With the improvement of the living standards of Chinese residents, the demand for sports fitness services is also growing, and the sports fitness consulting service industry supported by the state is also expanding to other fields, which also provides a market for sports fitness consulting services. This paper mainly analyzes and studies China's sports fitness consulting market by using the methods of literature data, questionnaire survey, expert interview, and case study. Using the relevant knowledge of marketing, based on STP theory, this paper puts forward corresponding strategies from the aspects of product marketing, price marketing, marketing channels, and marketing promotion. Based on abnormal data processing, this paper studies the characteristics of urban groundwater pollution and sports health market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article points out that China's groundwater pollution is mainly caused by leaks from Johkasou, toilets, sewage discharge pits, seepage wells, sewers, garbage dumps, incomplete oxidation ponds, or sewage ponds in non-sewer areas. When pollutants enter the groundwater layer, the water quality will deteriorate every day, and the water temperature will naturally rise. In the over-exploited closed water area, due to the sharp drop of the closed water level, the upper part of the contaminated diving overflow fills the closed water again, and the closed water is also contaminated. At the same time, the water-bearing layer becomes a saturated zone, and the physical and chemical conditions of the stratum change from a reducing environment to an oxidizing environment, which dissolves more material components in the water-saturated zone and accelerates the pollution of groundwater. The present invention is mainly aimed at a pollutant monitoring device based on image recognition, which is related to the application field of image recognition technology. This paper uses the SBM directional distance function to calculate the green development efficiency of 260 cities in China, analyzes the reasons for its low efficiency, and uses the spatial panel econometric model and threshold panel to conduct an empirical analysis of the relationship between city size and green development efficiency. The results show that ignoring the ecological environment and social welfare will overestimate the actual level of urban efficiency. Environmental pollution is the main reason for the low efficiency of green development in Chinese cities. At present, the green development efficiency of cities in the eastern region is higher than that of the central and western regions, and the impact of city size on the efficiency of green development shows a significant interval effect as the scale increases. However, it does not mean that the larger the city, the better the effect. If the size of the city exceeds a certain value, the expansion of its scale will not bring about the improvement of green development efficiency, and it will even bring about negative effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Groundwater modelling in urban settings is complicated by altered recharge and infrastructure interactions with groundwater. • Scripted based model development, iterative ensemble smother (IES) methods, and cloud computing, can facilitate representation of the complexity of urban groundwater systems using extremely highly parameterized approaches. • This study presents an applied consulting project where new methods were used to better represent urban groundwater in numerical models. Modelling of groundwater flow and transport in urban environments is complicated by changes in recharge due to urbanization, and interactions between groundwater, water supply networks and sewerage pipe infrastructure. This study presents an applied groundwater modelling project that attempts to capture the complexity and quantify the uncertainty of groundwater flow and mass transport in urban environments using recently developed methods. A python scripting approach was used for model development and preparation of a calibration constrained parameter uncertainty analysis using the iterative ensemble smoother method (IES). Water supply and sewer infrastructure locations were explicitly included in the numerical model as boundary conditions with adjustable parameters during the calibration. The model calibration, and predictive uncertainty analysis considered more than 100,000 independent parameters, which were applied at zones, pilot points and directly on the model grid to define model properties, boundary conditions, and initial conditions. Calibration observations included both water level and concentration measurements at 18 boreholes over the 12-year operational life of a remediation system. The IES method was applied to calibrate 120 alternative and equally plausible parameter realizations. Initial parameter values were produced from initial statistical distributions defined by parameter bounds and based on the conceptual hydrogeological model, literature review and spatial correlations of hydraulic properties observed in well tests. The Amazon EC2 cloud computing service was used to provide the parallel computing capacity necessary to complete the project within a reasonable timeframe. Predictions of long-term mass transport towards a creek after the termination of active remediation were made with 47 of the resulting IES calibrated parameter sets. The IES method provided a distribution of potential impacts and allowed decisions about the future of the current remediation system to be made based on a quantitative, statistical, risk-based analysis. The extremely high degree of model parameterization allowed the complexity and uncertainty of an urban groundwater systems to be represented using adjustable model parameters, which reduced the likelihood of structural model error and biased predictions. This study found that fully python scripted model development and calibration setup, combined with IES, successfully allowed for improved representation of urban groundwater systems in numerical models. The post calibration groundwater flow budget of the model showed that groundwater interactions with sewer and water supply infrastructure are of similar magnitude to distributed recharge, and the omission of representing infrastructure in urban groundwater models could result in misleading predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study reports for the first time the occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the shallow aquifer underlying the Kraków city. Urban groundwater samples were gathered from 11 wells, which can serve as the emergency water supply wells. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method with the previous pre-concentration of samples using an SPE technique was applied for the determination of the PPCPs selected. There were quantified concentrations of PPCPs from the groups of estrogens (17-α-ethinylestradiol (EE2), 2.6–18.7 ng/L), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ketoprofen, 59.5 ng/L in 1 sample), and antimicrobial preservatives used in cosmetic production (methylparaben up to 91.5 ng/L). Triclosan was observed in all analysed water samples in concentrations above the limit of detection. The presence of the PPCPs in the shallow aquifer is an evidence that the sewer network system under the city leaks and then pollutes the urban groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Groundwater quality investigations were carried out in one of the urban parts of south India for fluoride and nitrate contaminations, with special focus on human health risk assessment for the rapidly growing and increasingly industrialized Coimbatore City. Twenty-five groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for physico-chemical parameters (EC, pH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, SO42−, HCO3−, PO43−, NO3−, and F−) and the piper diagram characterized 60% of them as Ca-Mg-Cl type. Analysis of fluoride (0.1 to 2.4 mg/l) shows that 32% of the groundwater samples contain F− over the permissible limit, affecting a region of 122.10 km2. Nitrate (0.1 to 148 mg/l) is over the permissible limit in 44% of the groundwater samples spread over an area of 429.43 km2. The total hazard indices (THI) of non-carcinogenic risk for children (0.21 to 4.83), women (0.14 to 3.35), and men (0.12 to 2.90) shows some of the THI values are above the permissible limit of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The THI-based non-carcinogenic risks are 60%, 52%, and 48% for children, women, and men. This investigation suggests higher health risk for children and also recommends that proper management plan should be adopted to improve the drinking water quality in this region in order to avoid major health issues in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban groundwater, serving as a critical reservoir for potable water, faces susceptibility to contamination from discrete sources such as hospital wastewater. This study investigates the distribution and plausible origins of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in urban groundwater, drawing comparisons between areas proximal to hospitals and non-hospital areas. Ofloxacin and oxytetracycline emerged as the prevalent antibiotics across all samples, with a discernibly richer array of antibiotic types observed in groundwater sourced from hospital-adjacent regions. Employing a suite of multi-indicator tracers encompassing indicator drugs, Enterococci , ammonia, and Cl/Br mass ratio, discernible pollution from hospital or domestic sewage leakage was identified in specific wells, correlating with an escalating trajectory in antibiotic contamination. Redundancy analysis underscored temperature and dissolved organic carbon as principal environmental factors influencing antibiotics distribution in groundwater. Network analysis elucidated the facilitating role of mobile genetic elements, such as int 1 and tnp A-02 in propagating ARGs. Furthermore, ARGs abundance exhibited positive correlations with temperature, pH and metallic constituents (e.g., Cu, Pb, Mn and Fe) (p < 0.05). Notably, no conspicuous correlation manifested between antibiotics and ARGs. These findings accentuate the imperative of recognizing the peril posed by antibiotic contamination in groundwater proximal to hospitals and advocate for the formulation of robust prevention and control strategies to mitigate the dissemination of antibiotics and ARGs. [Display omitted] • Antibiotics and ARGs were identified in groundwater near urban hospital. • Hospital areas exhibit a broader spectrum of antibiotic types than non-hospital. • Multi-indicator can trace the pollution source of domestic / hospital sewage leakage. • Hospital sewage is a discernible source of antibiotic pollution in urban groundwater. • Significant correlation was found between multiple metals and ARGs in groundwater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of phenomena of salt water intrusion in aquifers located in coastal urbanized areas, especially depended on the use of groundwater, is a widespread problem in the world. The study deals with the large coastal belt of the Municipality of Naples(southern Italy), located between the volcanic areas of the Somma-Vesuvius (East) and the Phlegrean Fields (West). Three different coastal sectors were analysed: the plain of Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta (BF), the area of Mount Echia (E) and the area of Eastern Naples (EN). Acquired chemical data allowed of the identification of three different groundwater chemical features and the prevalent absence of sea water contamination, mainly due to the low use of these waters. The study highlighted the chief role of the presence of faults in this volcanic area, favouring the upwelling of gases (prevalently CO2). These gases increase the groundwater reactivity causing, in the Mount Echia sector, the presence of sulphurous mineral waters and, in the Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta sector, determining the alteration of the natural relationship between freshwater and saltwater. Moreover, in the Eastern Naples sector, the occurrence of lenses of peat, which play an important hydrogeologic role as aquiclude, can determine reducing condition in the aquifers, with high concentrations in Fe and Mn.