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1. Integrated modeling of RF-Induced Tungsten Erosion at ICRH Antenna Structures in the WEST Tokamak

Author

Kumar, A., Tierens, W., Younkin, T., Johnson, C., Klepper, C., Diaw, A., Lore, J., Grosjean, A., Urbanczyk, G., Hillariet, J., Tamain, P., Colas, L., Guillemaut, C., Curreli, D., Shiraiwa, S., Bertelli, N., and team, the WEST

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

This paper introduces STRIPE (Simulated Transport of RF Impurity Production and Emission), an advanced modeling framework designed to analyze material erosion and the global transport of eroded impurities originating from radio-frequency (RF) antenna structures in magnetic confinement fusion devices. STRIPE integrates multiple computational tools, each addressing different levels of physics fidelity: SolEdge3x for scrape-off-layer plasma profiles, COMSOL for 3D RF rectified voltage fields, RustBCA code for erosion yields and surface interactions, and GITR for 3D ion energy-angle distributions and global impurity transport. The framework is applied to an ion cyclotron RF heated, L-mode discharge #57877 in the WEST Tokamak, where it predicts a tenfold increase in tungsten erosion at RF antenna limiters under RF-sheath rectification conditions, compared to cases with only a thermal sheath. Highly charged oxygen ions (O6+ and higher) emerge as dominant contributors to tungsten sputtering at the antenna limiters. To verify model accuracy, a synthetic diagnostic tool based on inverse photon efficiency or S/XB coefficients from the ColRadPy-collisional radiative model enables direct comparisons between simulation results and experimental spectroscopic data. Model predictions, assuming plasma composition of 1% oxygen and 99% deuterium, align closely with measured neutral tungsten (W-I) spectroscopic data for the discharge #57877, validating the framework's accuracy. Currently, the STRIPE framework is being extended to investigate plasma-material interactions in other RF-heated linear and toroidal devices, offering valuable insights for RF antenna design, impurity control, and performance optimization in future fusion reactors.

Published
2024

3. MeVGAN: GAN-based Plugin Model for Video Generation with Applications in Colonoscopy

Author

Struski, Łukasz, Urbańczyk, Tomasz, Bucki, Krzysztof, Cupiał, Bartłomiej, Kaczyńska, Aneta, Spurek, Przemysław, and Tabor, Jacek

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Video generation is important, especially in medicine, as much data is given in this form. However, video generation of high-resolution data is a very demanding task for generative models, due to the large need for memory. In this paper, we propose Memory Efficient Video GAN (MeVGAN) - a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) which uses plugin-type architecture. We use a pre-trained 2D-image GAN and only add a simple neural network to construct respective trajectories in the noise space, so that the trajectory forwarded through the GAN model constructs a real-life video. We apply MeVGAN in the task of generating colonoscopy videos. Colonoscopy is an important medical procedure, especially beneficial in screening and managing colorectal cancer. However, because colonoscopy is difficult and time-consuming to learn, colonoscopy simulators are widely used in educating young colonoscopists. We show that MeVGAN can produce good quality synthetic colonoscopy videos, which can be potentially used in virtual simulators.

Published
2023

4. ICRF-specific W sources: Advances in minimization in ASDEX Upgrade and near-field based extrapolations to ITER with W-wall

Author

V. Bobkov, R. Bilato, F. Calarco, L. Colas, R. Dux, G. Grenfell, W. Helou, D. Milanesio, R. Ochoukov, F. Paulus, Th. Pütterich, G. Urbanczyk, and M. Usoltseva

Subjects
ICRF, RF sheath, 3-strap, ASDEX Upgrade, Sputtering, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Experimental data from the 2022 ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) helium (He) campaign reveals that a lower tungsten (W) content can be achieved during operation of the 3-strap antennas with the W-coated limiters. By fine-tuning of electrical feeding of the 3-strap antennas, the core W content was reduced by about a factor of 2 compared to that during operation of the 2-strap antennas with boron coated limiters at the same power and target plasma. This is in contrast to what is observed in deuterium (D) plasmas, where both types of antennas perform similarly in terms of the W release. A higher significance of remote W sources in He than in D is one plausible explanation.Special AUG experiments in D plasmas, with a density in the SOL reduced to the level relevant for some of the predicted profiles for ITER, show similar characteristics of the near-fields and the sputtering even when the slow wave is propagative. Nevertheless, it is advised for ITER to tailor the SOL profiles by the foreseen local gas injection close to the antenna, to avoid the conditions when the lower hybrid resonance position is approximately aligned with the position the leading edges of the plasma facing components.Based on near-field calculations for the AUG 3-strap and the ITER ICRF antennas using the HFSS code under the same conditions, the experimentally validated RF-sheath rectified voltages of the AUG 3-strap antenna were scaled to the ITER ICRF antenna. Using conservative assumptions, the estimations of the ICRF-specific W sources for ITER were then made for the D-T case with neon seeding. The extrapolation shows that by carefully choosing the electrical feeding, the increment of the W sputtering rate during ITER ICRF operation at up to 20 MW, can be kept (in the worst case) below 10 % of the total W wall rate without ICRF, as well as below 25 % of the W rate at the outboard wall without ICRF.

Published
2024
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5. Multimodal Deep Learning

Author

Akkus, Cem, Chu, Luyang, Djakovic, Vladana, Jauch-Walser, Steffen, Koch, Philipp, Loss, Giacomo, Marquardt, Christopher, Moldovan, Marco, Sauter, Nadja, Schneider, Maximilian, Schulte, Rickmer, Urbanczyk, Karol, Goschenhofer, Jann, Heumann, Christian, Hvingelby, Rasmus, Schalk, Daniel, and Aßenmacher, Matthias

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Statistics - Machine Learning
Abstract

This book is the result of a seminar in which we reviewed multimodal approaches and attempted to create a solid overview of the field, starting with the current state-of-the-art approaches in the two subfields of Deep Learning individually. Further, modeling frameworks are discussed where one modality is transformed into the other, as well as models in which one modality is utilized to enhance representation learning for the other. To conclude the second part, architectures with a focus on handling both modalities simultaneously are introduced. Finally, we also cover other modalities as well as general-purpose multi-modal models, which are able to handle different tasks on different modalities within one unified architecture. One interesting application (Generative Art) eventually caps off this booklet.

Published
2023

6. A multi-center study of the MicroNET-covered stent in consecutive patients with acute carotid-related stroke: SAFEGUARD-STROKE

Author

Lukasz Tekieli, Andrej Afanasjev, Maciej Mazgaj, Vladimir Borodetsky, Kolja Sievert, Zoltan Ruzsa, Magdalena Knapik, Audrius Širvinskas, Adam Mazurek, Karolina Dzierwa, Thomas Sanczuk, Valerija Mosenko, Malgorzata Urbanczyk-Zawadzka, Mariusz Trystula, Piotr Paluszek, Lukasz Wiewiorka, Justyna Stefaniak, Piotr Pieniazek, Inga Slautaitė, Tomasz Kwiatkowski, Artūras Mackevičius, Michael Teitcher, Horst Sievert, Iris Q. Grunwald, and Piotr Musialek

Subjects
carotid-related stroke, carotid stenosis, mechanical reperfusion, mechanical thrombectomy, stroke endovascular treatment, carotid artery stenting, cerebral protection devices, micronet-covered stent, cguard, stent optimization, clinical outcomes, Medicine
Published
2024
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7. Numerical assessment of ICRF-specific plasma-wall interaction in the new ITER baseline using the SSWICH-SW code

Author

L. Colas, W. Helou, G. Urbanczyk, V. Bobkov, F. Calarco, N. Fedorczak, D. Milanesio, and J. Hillairet

Subjects
ICRF, RF sheath, ITER, W sputtering, Local gas puffing, Numerical simulation, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

In 2023, switching the material on the first wall of ITER to tungsten (W) was recommended. In magnetic Fusion devices, waves in the Ion Cyclotron Range of Frequencies (ICRF) interact with the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL) via RF-sheath rectification. This contribution re-assesses this phenomenon close to the ITER ICRF antenna, focusing on the ICRF-specific gross erosion of W from the antenna port sides. Our quantitative estimates rely on predictive multi-2D numerical simulations of the ICRF antenna environment using the SSWICH-SW code. They combine Slow Wave propagation from the antenna mouth to the SOL, the excitation of RF oscillations in the sheath voltages at the antenna port sides and a subsequent DC biasing of the SOL. Maps of the parallel RF electric field at the antenna mouth, from the antenna code TOPICA, excite the system. Our simulations cover more than four decades in the local densities near the antenna. Since both the sputtering and the local heat loads are proportional to the local particle fluxes, the most intense Plasma-Wall Interaction is found for high local density, with or without ICRF waves. In these conditions, larger margins also exist for coupling the ICRF power. We tested several operational trade-offs between these two constraints. The simulated target plasma contains 2% of neon ions. These are efficient at sputtering W, already at low accelerating voltages. Consequently, although the RF-sheath rectification sufficiently amplifies the local sputtering at the antenna port for a detection using visible spectroscopy, the ICRF-induced increment of the gross W production represents at worse 22% of the W source expected from thermal sheaths over the eighteen out-board mid-plane ports. An upper bound, independent of our main assumptions, is proposed for this enhancement factor. This moderate expected global increase questions the ability to detect ICRF-specific W contamination of the plasma core, even at the planned maximal ICRF power.

Published
2025
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8. Categorical Semantics for Model Comparison Games for Description Logics

Author

Urbańczyk, Mateusz

Subjects
Computer Science - Logic in Computer Science, Mathematics - Category Theory, 18C20, 18C5, F.4.1, F.3.2
Abstract

A categorical approach to study model comparison games in terms of comonads was recently initiated by Abramsky et al. In this work, we analyse games that appear naturally in the context of description logics and supplement them with suitable game comonads. More precisely, we consider expressive sublogics of ALCSelfIbO, namely, the logics that extend ALC with any combination of inverses, nominals, safe boolean roles combinations, and Self operator. Our construction augments and modifies the so-called modal comonad by Abramsky and Shah. The approach that we took heavily relies on the use of relative comonads, which we leverage to encapsulate additional capabilities within the bisimulation games in a compositional manner., Comment: Description Logics 2022; Master thesis, an extended and revised version of https://iccl.inf.tu-dresden.de/web/Inproceedings3324/en

Published
2022

9. Socio-cognitive Optimization of Time-delay Control Problems using Evolutionary Metaheuristics

Author

Kipinski, Piotr, Guzowski, Hubert, Urbanczyk, Aleksandra, Smolka, Maciej, Kisiel-Dorohinicki, Marek, Byrski, Aleksander, Oplatkova, Zuzana Kominkova, Senkerik, Roman, Pekar, Libor, Matusu, Radek, and Gazdos, Frantisek

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, I.2.11, I.2.8
Abstract

Metaheuristics are universal optimization algorithms which should be used for solving difficult problems, unsolvable by classic approaches. In this paper we aim at constructing novel socio-cognitive metaheuristic based on castes, and apply several versions of this algorithm to optimization of time-delay system model. Besides giving the background and the details of the proposed algorithms we apply them to optimization of selected variants of the problem and discuss the results., Comment: In proceedings of the Intelligent Systems IS2022 Conference, October 12-14, 2022, Warsaw, Poland

Published
2022

15. Multiple intermodal-vectorial four-wave-mixing bands generated by selective excitation of orthogonally polarized LP01 and LP11 modes in a birefringent fiber

Author

Majchrowska, Sylwia, Żołnacz, Kinga, Urbańczyk, Wacław, and Tarnowski, Karol

Subjects
Physics - Optics, Nonlinear Sciences - Pattern Formation and Solitons
Abstract

This study investigated the nonlinear frequency conversions between the six polarization modes of a two-mode birefringent fiber. The aim was to demonstrate that the selective excitation of different combinations of linearly polarized spatial modes at the pump wavelength initiates distinct intermodal vector four-wave mixing processes. In particular, this study shows that exciting two orthogonally polarized LP01 and LP11 modes can result in simultaneous generation of up to three pairs of different spatial modes of orthogonal polarizations at different wavelengths. The role of the phase birefringence of the spatial modes in the phase-matching of such a four-wave mixing process was explained. Moreover, the theoretical predictions were verified through numerical simulations based on coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations and also confirmed experimentally in a commercially available birefringent fiber., Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures

Published
2022
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16. On the basis of sex and sleep: the influence of the estrous cycle and sex on sleep-wake behavior

Author

Kevin M. Swift, Nicholas C. Gary, and Phillip J. Urbanczyk

Subjects
estrous cycle, sleep, sex differences, female rodents, proestrus, estrus, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract

The recurrent hormonal fluctuations within reproductive cycles impact sleep-wake behavior in women and in rats and mice used in preclinical models of sleep research. Strides have been made in sleep-related clinical trials to include equal numbers of women; however, the inclusion of female rodents in neuroscience and sleep research is lacking. Female animals are commonly omitted from studies over concerns of the effect of estrus cycle hormones on measured outcomes. This review highlights the estrous cycle’s broad effects on sleep-wake behavior: from changes in sleep macroarchitecture to regionally specific alterations in neural oscillations. These changes are largely driven by cycle-dependent ovarian hormonal fluctuations occurring during proestrus and estrus that modulate neural circuits regulating sleep-wake behavior. Removal of estrous cycle influence by ovariectomy ablates characteristic sleep changes. Further, sex differences in sleep are present between gonadally intact females and males. Removal of reproductive hormones via gonadectomy in both sexes mitigates some, but not all sex differences. We examine the extent to which reproductive hormones and sex chromosomes contribute to sex differences in sleep-wake behavior. Finally, this review addresses the limitations in our understanding of the estrous cycle’s impact on sleep-wake behavior, gaps in female sleep research that are well studied in males, and the implications that ignoring the estrous cycle has on studies of sleep-related processes.

Published
2024
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17. Design of a Broadband Integrated Mode Converter Based on Non-Uniform Binary Long-Period Grating by Direct Multiparameter Optimization

Author

Edyta Sroda, Jacek Olszewski, and Waclaw Urbanczyk

Subjects
Long-period waveguide grating, multistart optimization procedure, optical planar waveguides, Applied optics. Photonics, TA1501-1820, Optics. Light, QC350-467
Abstract

We present a novel approach for designing non-uniform binary long-period gratings with predefined transmission characteristics by directly optimizing the coupling strengths and lengths of the constituent waveguides in all grating segments. The optimal grating parameters were determined by minimizing the deviation of the transmission characteristics calculated using the transfer matrix method from the predefined target functions using the multistart optimization procedure. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method by optimizing the performance of grating-based TE0/TE1 mode converters in a few-mode buried waveguide composed of medium-contrast materials (TiO2:SiO2/SiO2). Two converters with coupling caused by the lateral shift and step-like thickness change of adjacent waveguides were numerically optimized for the 1.3 and 1.55 μm bands. Each of the optimized devices has a total length of approximately 250 μm. For both types of converters, a spectral range of 150 nm with crosstalk lower than −20 dB was obtained for the two communication windows using at most nine grating segments, with twice lower excess loss for the grating with a step-like thickness change. Moreover, for such grating composed of only 9 segments it is possible to obtain the conversion band of 400 nm, covering both communication windows with an excess loss lower than 0.45 dB and crosstalk below −20 dB. We also numerically analyzed the impact of the fabrication tolerances on the converter characteristics.

Published
2024
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18. Relation between cardiac magnetic resonance-assessed interstitial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy

Author

Dziewięcka, Ewa, Winiarczyk, Mateusz, Banyś, Robert, Urbańczyk-Zawadzka, Małgorzata, Krupiński, Maciej, Mielnik, Małgorzata, Wiśniowska-Śmiałek, Sylwia, Karabinowska-Małocha, Aleksandra, Leśniak-Sobelga, Agata, Holcman, Katarzyna, Kostkiewicz, Magdalena, Hlawaty, Marta, Podolec, Piotr, Robak, Jan, Kaciczak, Monika, Baranowski, Filip, and Rubiś, Paweł

Published
2024
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22. A Quantum Key Distribution Testbed using a Plug&Play Telecom-wavelength Single-Photon Source

Author

Gao, Timm, Rickert, Lucas, Urban, Felix, Große, Jan, Srocka, Nicole, Rodt, Sven, Musiał, Anna, Żołnacz, Kinga, Mergo, Paweł, Dybka, Kamil, Urbańczyk, Wacław, Sęk, Grzegorz, Burger, Sven, Reitzenstein, Stephan, and Heindel, Tobias

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Deterministic solid-state quantum light sources are considered key building blocks for future communication networks. While several proof-of-principle experiments of quantum communication using such sources have been realized, most of them required large setups often involving liquid helium infrastructure or bulky closed-cycle cryotechnology. In this work, we report on the first quantum key distribution (QKD) testbed using a compact benchtop quantum dot single-photon source operating at telecom wavelengths. The plug\&play device emits single-photon pulses at O-band wavelengths ($1321\,$nm) and is based on a directly fiber-pigtailed deterministically-fabricated quantum dot device integrated into a compact Stirling cryocooler. The Stirling is housed in a 19-inch rack module including all accessories required for stand-alone operation. Implemented in a simple QKD testbed emulating the BB84 protocol with polarization coding, we achieve an antibunching of $g^{(2)}(0) = 0.10\pm0.01$ and a raw key rate of up to $(4.72\pm0.13)\,$kHz using an external pump laser. In this setting, we further evaluate the performance of our source in terms of the quantum bit error ratios, secure key rates, and tolerable losses expected in full implementations of QKD also accounting for finite key size effects. Furthermore, we investigate optimal settings for a two-dimensional temporal acceptance window applied on receiver side, resulting in predicted tolerable losses up to $23.19\,$dB. Not least, we compare our results with previous proof-of-concept QKD experiments using quantum dot single-photon sources. Our study represents an important step forward in the development of fiber-based quantum-secured communication networks exploiting sub-Poissonian quantum light sources., Comment: Main text: 21 pages (including 4 figures, 1 table, and 77 citations); Supplemental Material: 3 pages (including 3 figures); Note: Corrected rate-loss dependency for Ref. [29] in Fig. 4(b) (cf. parameters in revised Table I)

Published
2021
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24. Modernizing and harmonizing regulatory data requirements for genetically modified crops—perspectives from a workshop

Author

Nicholas P. Storer, Abigail R. Simmons, Jordan Sottosanto, Jennifer A. Anderson, Ming Hua Huang, Debbie Mahadeo, Carey A. Mathesius, Mitscheli Sanches da Rocha, Shuang Song, and Ewa Urbanczyk-Wochniak

Subjects
genetically modified (GM), regulation, food and feed, safety assessment, environmental risk assessment (ERA), problem formulation, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65
Abstract

Genetically modified (GM) crops that have been engineered to express transgenes have been in commercial use since 1995 and are annually grown on 200 million hectares globally. These crops have provided documented benefits to food security, rural economies, and the environment, with no substantiated case of food, feed, or environmental harm attributable to cultivation or consumption. Despite this extensive history of advantages and safety, the level of regulatory scrutiny has continually increased, placing undue burdens on regulators, developers, and society, while reinforcing consumer distrust of the technology. CropLife International held a workshop at the 16th International Society of Biosafety Research (ISBR) Symposium to examine the scientific basis for modernizing global regulatory frameworks for GM crops. Participants represented a spectrum of global stakeholders, including academic researchers, GM crop developers, regulatory consultants, and regulators. Concurrently examining the considerations of food and feed safety, along with environmental safety, for GM crops, the workshop presented recommendations for a core set of data that should always be considered, and supplementary (i.e., conditional) data that would be warranted only on a case-by-case basis to address specific plausible hypotheses of harm. Then, using a case-study involving a hypothetical GM maize event expressing two familiar traits (insect protection and herbicide tolerance), participants were asked to consider these recommendations and discuss if any additional data might be warranted to support a science-based risk assessment or for regulatory decision-making. The discussions during the workshop highlighted that the set of data to address the food, feed, and environmental safety of the hypothetical GM maize, in relation to a conventional comparator, could be modernized compared to current global regulatory requirements. If these scientific approaches to modernize data packages for GM crop regulation were adopted globally, GM crops could be commercialized in a more timely manner, thereby enabling development of more diverse GM traits to benefit growers, consumers, and the environment.

Published
2024
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28. Tissue-specific reprogramming leads to angiogenic neutrophil specialization and tumor vascularization in colorectal cancer

Author

Bui, Triet M., Yalom, Lenore K., Ning, Edward, Urbanczyk, Jessica M., Ren, Xingsheng, Herrnreiter, Caroline J., Disario, Jackson A., Wray, Brian, Schipma, Matthew J., Velichko, Yuri S., Sullivan, David P., Abe, Kouki, Lauberth, Shannon M., Yang, Guang-Yu, Dulai, Parambir S., Hanauer, Stephen B., and Sumagin, Ronen

Subjects
Diagnosis, Care and treatment, Complications and side effects, Measurement, Health aspects, Ulcerative colitis -- Complications and side effects -- Care and treatment, Colorectal cancer -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Neutrophils -- Measurement -- Health aspects
Abstract

Introduction Neutrophils (PMNs) robustly localize to active ulcerative colitis (UC) lesions and the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment. Colitis-associated CRC, in particular, features en masse intratumoral PMN accumulation (1-6). However, across [...], Neutrophil (PMN) tissue accumulation is an established feature of ulcerative colitis (UC) lesions and colorectal cancer (CRC). To assess the PMN phenotypic and functional diversification during the transition from inflammatory ulceration to CRC we analyzed the transcriptomic landscape of blood and tissue PMNs. Transcriptional programs effectively separated PMNs based on their proximity to peripheral blood, inflamed colon, and tumors. In silico pathway overrepresentation analysis, proteinnetwork mapping, gene signature identification, and gene-ontology scoring revealed unique enrichment of angiogenic and vasculature development pathways in tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs). Functional studies utilizing ex vivo cultures, colitis-induced murine CRC, and patient-derived xenograft models demonstrated a critical role for TANs in promoting tumor vascularization. Spp1 (OPN) and Mmp14 (MT1-MMP) were identified by unbiased -omics and mechanistic studies to be highly induced in TANs, acting to critically regulate endothelial cell chemotaxis and branching. TCGA data set and clinical specimens confirmed enrichment of SPP1 and MMP14 in high-grade CRC but not in patients with UC. Pharmacological inhibition of TAN trafficking or MMP14 activity effectively reduced tumor vascular density, leading to CRC regression. Our findings demonstrate a niche-directed PMN functional specialization and identify TAN contributions to tumor vascularization, delineating what we believe to be a new therapeutic framework for CRC treatment focused on TAN angiogenic properties.

Published
2024
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29. Using biomechanics to define the role of the upper extremity in rowing performance

Author

Urbanczyk, Caryn Alexa, Bull, Anthony, and McGregor, Alison

Abstract

Performance and injury risk are strongly affected by an athlete’s ability to consistently execute effective rowing technique. Previous rowing biomechanics studies focused on kinematic descriptions of the lower extremity and lumbar spine. Detailed biomechanical analyses of the upper extremity during rowing are limited, despite repetitive, high intensity loading across the shoulder complex and the prevalence of long-lasting upper extremity overuse injuries. This thesis aims to examine upper body biomechanics in ergometer rowing (for performance enhancement and injury mitigation), by developing kinematic and kinetic descriptions of technique. Computational modelling examined internal biomechanics, external kinematics, and performance metrics, across athletes of various ages and skill levels. Optical motion capture and bespoke instrumentation were used in whole-body tracking during ergometer rowing. Kinetic and kinematic data drove a multibody inverse dynamics model. Joint and muscle force patterns were analyzed to quantify upper extremity influence and create a biofeedback structure for rowers and coaches. As stroke rate increases, significant changes to the shape and timing of seat force profiles, shoulder joint angle profiles, and lumbar and thoracic spinal flexion, arose. Muscle force patterns highlight the importance of rotator cuff support for load transfer across the glenohumeral joint, with subscapularis and infraspinatus stabilizing the upper extremity before the finish and catch, respectively. Sex and age-related comparisons indicated differential prioritization of scapula stabilizers and prime movers in muscle force distribution. Masters rowers recruit arm accessory muscles but decrease rotator cuff force. Muscle forces impact external movement, joint forces, contact patterns, and shoulder stability, which over many cycles, have implications on performance and injury risk. Musculoskeletal modelling enhances spatio-temporal analyses, offering population-wide insight into how muscle and joint forces relate to traditional power metrics. Parameters provided deeper context on technique optimization for individual’s performance by identifying important muscles and the timing of their loading.

Published
2021
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31. Bound -> free and bound -> bound multichannel emission spectra from selectively excited Rydberg states in the ZnAr and CdAr van der Waals complexes

Author

Dudek, J., Kedziorski, A., Zobel, J. P., Krosnicki, M., Urbanczyk, T., Puczka, K., and Koperski, J.

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Multichannel dispersed emission spectra recorded upon a selective excitation of Rydberg electronic energy states in the ZnAr and CdAr van der Waals (vdW) complexes are analysed as a proof-of-concept of the future experimental approach. Simulations of the emission spectra are based on ab-initio calculated interatomic potentials and transition dipole moments (TDMs). Experimental set-up that is under construction along with the experimental procedure are discussed.

Published
2020
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33. Plug&play fibre-coupled 73 kHz single-photon source operating in the telecom O-band

Author

Musial, Anna, Zolnacz, Kinga, Srocka, Nicole, Kravets, Oleh, Große, Jan, Olszewski, Jacek, Poturaj, Krzysztof, Wojcik, Grzegorz, Mergo, Pawel, Dybka, Kamil, Dyrkacz, Mariusz, Dlubek, Michal, Lauritsen, Kristian, Bülter, Andreas, Schneider, Philipp-Immanuel, Zschiedrich, Lin, Burger, Sven, Rodt, Sven, Urbanczyk, Waclaw, Sek, Grzegorz, and Reitzenstein, Stephan

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

A user-friendly fibre-coupled single-photon source operating at telecom wavelengths is a key component of photonic quantum networks providing long-haul ultra-secure data exchange. To take full advantage of quantum-mechanical data protection and to maximize the transmission rate and distance, a true quantum source providing single-photons on demand is highly desirable. We tackle this great challenge by developing a ready to use semiconductor quantum dot (QD)-based device that launches single photons at a wavelength of 1.3 um directly into a single-mode optical fibre. In our approach the QD is deterministically integrated into a nanophotonic structure to ensure efficient on-chip coupling into a fibre. The whole arrangement is integrated into a 19" compatible housing to enable stand-alone operation by cooling via a compact Stirling cryocooler. The realized source delivers single photons with multiphoton events probability as low as 0.15 and single-photon emission rate up to 73 kHz into a standard telecom single-mode fibre., Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures

Published
2019
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34. Genetic Algorithm for quick finding of diatomic molecule potential parameters

Author

Urbanczyk, Tomasz and Koperski, Jaroslaw

Subjects
Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract

Application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for determination of parameters of an analytical representation of diatomic molecule potential is presented. GA can be used for finding potential characteristics of an electronic energy state which can be described by analytical function. GA was tested on two artificially generated datasets which base on potentials with known characteristics and two LIF excitation spectra recorded using transitions in CdKr and CdAr molecules. Tests on generated datasets showed that GA can properly reproduce parameters of the potentials. Tests on experimental spectra indicated that changing the potential model from Morse, which is frequently used as a starting potential in IPA, to expanded Morse oscillator (EMO) leads to noticeable improvement of agreement between simulated and experimental data.

Published
2019

35. Misclassification of carotid stenosis severity with area stenosis-based evaluation by computed tomography angiography: impact on erroneous indication to revascularization or patient (lesion) migration to a higher guideline recommendation class as per ESC/ESVS/ESO/SVS and CMS-FDA thresholds

Author

Lukasz Tekieli, Adam Mazurek, Karolina Dzierwa, Justyna Stefaniak, Anna Kablak-Ziembicka, Magdalena Knapik, Zbigniew Moczulski, R. Pawel Banys, Malgorzata Urbanczyk-Zawadzka, Wladyslaw Dabrowski, Maciej Krupinski, Piotr Paluszek, Ewa Weglarz, Łukasz Wiewiórka, Mariusz Trystula, Tadeusz Przewlocki, Piotr Pieniazek, and Piotr Musialek

Subjects
carotid stenosis severity, percentage stenosis, computed tomography angiography, catheter angiography, area stenosis, diameter stenosis, Medicine
Published
2023
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41. Atomic and electronic structure of graphene oxide/Cu interface

Author

Boukhvalov, Danil W., Kurmaev, Ernst Z., Urbańczyk, Ewelina, Dercz, Grzegorz, Stolarczyk, Agnieszka, Simka, Wojciech, Kukharenko, Andrey I., Zhidkov, Ivan S., Slesarev, Anatoly I., Zatsepin, Anatoly F., and Cholakh, Seif O.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics, Physics - Computational Physics
Abstract

The results of X-ray photoemission (XPS) and valence bands spectroscopy, optically stimulated electron emission (OSEE) measurements and density functional theory based modeling of graphene oxide (GO) placed on Cu via an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) are reported. The comparison of XPS spectra of EPD prepared GO/Cu composites with those of as prepared GO, strongly reduced GO, pure and oxidized copper demonstrate the partial (until C/O ratio about two) removal of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO simultaneously with the formation of copper oxide-like layers over the metallic substrate. OSEE measurements evidence the presence of copper oxide phase in the systems simultaneously with the absence of contributions from GO with corresponding energy gap. All measurements demonstrate the similarity of the results for different thickness of GO cover of the copper surface. Theoretical modeling demonstrates favorability of migration of oxygen-containing functional groups from GO to the copper substrate only for the case of C/O ratio below two and formation of Cu-O-C bonds between substrate and GO simultaneously with the vanishing of the energy gap in GO layer. Basing on results of experimental measurements and theoretical calculations we suggest the model of atomic structure for Cu/GO interface as Cu/CuO/GO with C/O ratio in gapless GO about two., Comment: 22 pages, 14 figures, accepted to Thin Solid Films journal

Published
2018
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42. Mapping together

Author

Baumgartner, Renate, primary, Evans-Jordan, Sarah B., additional, Leger, Matthias, additional, Schwertel, Tamara, additional, and Urbanczyk, Maja, additional

Published
2023
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44. Acute myocardial infarction reparation/regeneration strategy using Wharton’s jelly multipotent stem cells as an ‘unlimited’ therapeutic agent: 3-year outcomes in a pilot cohort of the CIRCULATE-AMI trial

Author

Ewa Kwiecien, Leszek Drabik, Adam Mazurek, Danuta Jarocha, Malgorzata Urbanczyk, Wojciech Szot, Robert Banys, Anna Kozynacka-Fras, Wojciech Plazak, Maria Olszowska, Dorota Sobczyk, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Marcin Majka, Piotr Podolec, and Piotr Musialek

Subjects
myocardial regeneration, wharton’s jelly multipotent stem cells, infarct size, lv ejection fraction, safety, efficacy, Medicine
Published
2022
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46. Observation of magnetic islands in tokamak plasmas during the suppression of edge-localized modes

Author

Willensdorfer, M, Mitterauer, V, Hoelzl, M, Suttrop, W, Cianciosa, M, Dunne, M, Fischer, R, Leuthold, N, Puchmayr, J, Samoylov, O, Suarez Lopez, G, Wendler, D, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Zito, A, Zimmermann, B, Zilker, M, Zholobenko, W, Zhang, W, Zehetbauer, T, Zammuto, I, Zagorski, R, Yu, Q, Yoo, C, Yang, Q, Wolfrum, E, Wolf, R, Wischmeier, M, Wiringer, B, White, A, Weiland, M, Wang, X, Wagner, D, von Toussaint, U, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vogel, G, Viezzer, E, Vierle, T, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Verdoolaege, G, Verdier, T, Varoutis, S, Varela, P, Vanovac, B, Vannini, F, Vanmulders, S, van Zeeland, M, Valovic, M, Valisa, M, Usoltseva, M, Urbanczyk, G, Ulbl, P, Tripsky, M, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Told, D, Tierens, W, Thoren, E, Teschke, M, Terranova, D, Tardocchi, M, Tardini, G, Tala, T, Tal, B, Szepesi, T, Strumberger, E, Stroth, U, Stober, J, Stieglitz, D, Stejner, M, Stegmeir, A, Spolaore, M, Spizzo, G, Spacek, M, Sozzi, C, Sommariva, C, Solano, E, Snicker, A, Sipila, S, Simpson, J, Silvagni, D, Silva, C, Silva, A, Sigalov, A, Sieglin, B, Siccinio, M, Sias, G, Shevelev, A, Sheikh, U, Sharapov, S, Shalpegin, A, Shabbir, A, Seliunin, E, Seibold-Benjak, O, Sciortino, F, Schweinzer, J, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schuster, C, Schubert, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schneider, P, Schmitz, O, Schmid, K, Scholte, J, Schluter, A, Schall, G, Sauter, O, Santos, J, Sanchis Sanchez, L, Salmi, A, Salewski, M, Saarelma, S, Ryter, F, Ryan, D, Rubel, M, Rott, M, Ronchi, G, Rohde, V, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Rocchi, G, Rivero Rodriguez, J, Riesch, J, Riedl, R, Ricci, D, Ribeiro, T, Rettino, B, Reiter, D, Reisner, M, Reiser, D, Reimold, F, Reich, M, Refy, D, Redl, A, Raupp, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ratta, G, Rasmussen, J, Ramisch, M, Radovanovic, L, Putterich, T, Porte, L, Poli, E, Pokol, G, Plyusnin, V, Plockl, B, Plaum, B, Plank, U, Piron, C, Petersson, P, Peluso, E, Peglau, M, Paz-Soldan, C, Pautasso, G, Pau, A, Paradela Perez, I, Papp, G, Pan, O, Oyola, P, Olsen, J, Ochoukov, R, Nowak, S, Novikau, I, Nocente, M, Nishizawa, T, Nielsen, S, Nielsen, A, Neu, R, Nem, R, Nazikian, R, Naulin, V, Nabais, F, Muraca, M, Molina Cabrera, P, Milanesio, D, Michelini, M, Meyer, H, Merle, A, Merkel, R, Mcdermott, R, Mccarthy, P, Mayoral, M, Mayer, M, Matos, F, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Markl, M, Marchetto, C, Maraschek, M, Manz, P, Mantsinen, M, Mantica, P, Manhard, A, Mancini, A, Maquet, V, Maljaars, E, Maj, O, Maingi, R, Mailloux, J, Maier, H, Magnanimo, A, Madsen, J, Maceina, T, Lyssoivan, A, Lunt, T, Luhmann, N, Luda di Cortemiglia, T, Lu, Z, Liu, Y, Lipschultz, B, Linder, O, Likonen, J, Li, L, Lerche, E, Lehnen, M, Lauber, P, Lang, P, Lainer, P, Lahtinen, A, Laggner, F, Lackner, K, Labit, B, Kurzan, B, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kulla, D, Kudlacek, O, Krieger, K, Kreuzeder, A, Krause, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Kong, M, Komm, M, Koleva, M, Kocsis, G, Klossek, F, Klevarova, V, Kjer Hansen, S, Kirk, A, Kircher, M, Khilkevitch, E, Kernbichler, W, Kendl, A, Kazakov, Y, Kasilov, S, Kasemann, C, Karhunen, J, Kappatou, A, Kantor, M, Kalis, J, Kallenbach, A, Joffrin, E, Jensen, T, Jenko, F, Jaulmes, F, Jansen van Vuuren, A, Janky, F, Jaksic, N, Jacob, W, Jachmich, S, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Insulander Bjork, K, Illerhaus, J, Iliasova, M, Igochine, V, Hunger, K, Huber, A, Hubbard, A, Houben, A, Hoschen, T, Horvath, L, Hopf, C, Holzl, M, Holm, J, Hofler, K, Hobirk, J, Hitzler, F, Heyn, E, Herrmann, A, Heuraux, S, Hennequin, P, Henderson, S, Hellsten, T, Heinrich, P, Heinemann, B, Hayward-Schneider, T, Hauer, V, Harrison, J, Harrer, G, den Harder, N, Happel, T, Ham, C, Hakola, A, Hachmeister, D, Gunter, S, Guimarais, L, Gude, A, Grover, O, Groth, M, Griener, M, Greuner, H, Grenfell, G, Grater, A, Granucci, G, Gradic, D, Gorler, T, Gorini, G, Goodman, T, Gonzalez Martin, J, Gonzalez, J, Gobbin, M, Gloggler, S, Gleiter, T, Girka, O, Giovannozzi, E, Gil, L, Gibson, S, Giannone, L, Geiger, B, Garcia Munoz, M, Garavaglia, S, Gao, Y, Gallo, A, Gallart Escola, D, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galazka, K, Futatani, S, Funfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Fuchert, G, Froschle, M, Frassinetti, L, Ford, O, Figueredo, A, Ficker, O, Felici, F, Faugel, H, Farnik, M, Fantz, U, Fajardo Jimenez, D, Faitsch, M, Fable, E, Esposito, B, Encheva, A, Elgeti, S, Eich, T, Dux, R, Duval, B, Dreval, M, Dunai, D, Dominguez Palacios Duran, J, Dibon, M, Di Siena, A, Denner, P, Delogu, R, de Marne, P, de Baar, M, Day, C, David, P, Molin, A, D'Arcangelo, O, Cziegler, I, Cseh, G, Cruz Zabala, D, Croci, G, Creely, A, Cote, T, Coster, D, Costea, S, Conway, G, Colas, L, Coenen, J, Coelho, R, Coda, S, Clairet, F, Cianfarani, C, Chomiczewska, A, Chankin, A, Challis, C, Cazzaniga, C, Cavedon, M, Castillo Castillo, A, Castaldo, C, Carvalho, P, Carr, M, Carlton, D, Cano Megias, P, Cannas, B, Camenen, Y, Burckhart, A, Buhler, A, Buchanan, J, Brochard, F, Brida, D, Brezinsek, S, Brenzke, M, van den Brand, H, Bottino, A, Bottereau, C, Boswirth, B, Bortolon, A, Bonanomi, N, Bolzonella, T, Body, T, Bock, L, Bock, A, Bobkov, V, Blanken, T, Birkenmeier, G, Bilato, R, Bielajew, R, Biancalani, A, Bernert, M, Bernardo, J, Bergmann, M, Bergmann, A, Bauer, M, Banon Navarro, A, Bandaru, V, Balden, M, Asunta, O, Astrain, M, Artigues, V, Arden, N, Angioni, C, Alessi, E, Aguiam, D, Willensdorfer M., Mitterauer V., Hoelzl M., Suttrop W., Cianciosa M., Dunne M., Fischer R., Leuthold N., Puchmayr J., Samoylov O., Suarez Lopez G., Wendler D., Zoletnik S., Zohm H., Zito A., Zimmermann B., Zilker M., Zholobenko W., Zhang W., Zehetbauer T., Zammuto I., Zagorski R., Yu Q., Yoo C., Yang Q., Wolfrum E., Wolf R., Wischmeier M., Wiringer B., White A. E., Weiland M., Wang X., Wagner D., von Toussaint U., Voitsekhovitch I., Vogel G., Viezzer E., Vierle T., Vicente J., Vianello N., Verdoolaege G., Verdier T., Varoutis S., Varela P., Vanovac B., Vannini F., Vanmulders S., van Zeeland M., Valovic M., Valisa M., Usoltseva M., Urbanczyk G., Ulbl P., Tripsky M., Trevisan G., Treutterer W., Told D., Tierens W., Thoren E., Teschke M., Terranova D., Tardocchi M., Tardini G., Tala T., Tal B., Szepesi T., Strumberger E., Stroth U., Stober J., Stieglitz D., Stejner M., Stegmeir A., Spolaore M., Spizzo G., Spacek M., Sozzi C., Sommariva C., Solano E., Snicker A., Sipila S., Simpson J., Silvagni D., Silva C., Silva A., Sigalov A., Sieglin B., Siccinio M., Sias G., Shevelev A., Sheikh U., Sharapov S., Shalpegin A., Shabbir A., Seliunin E., Seibold-Benjak O., Sciortino F., Schweinzer J., Schwarz-Selinger T., Schuster C., Schubert M., Schrittwieser R., Schneider P. A., Schmitz O., Schmid K., Scholte J., Schluter A., Schall G., Sauter O., Santos J., Sanchis Sanchez L., Salmi A., Salewski M., Saarelma S., Ryter F., Ryan D. A., Rubel M., Rott M., Ronchi G., Rohde V., Rodriguez-Fernandez P., Rocchi G., Rivero Rodriguez J. F., Riesch J., Riedl R., Ricci D., Ribeiro T., Rettino B., Reiter D., Reisner M., Reiser D., Reimold F., Reich M., Refy D., Redl A., Raupp G., Ratynskaia S., Ratta G., Rasmussen J., Ramisch M., Radovanovic L., Putterich T., Porte L., Poli E., Pokol G., Plyusnin V., Plockl B., Plaum B., Plank U., Piron C., Petersson P., Peluso E., Peglau M., Paz-Soldan C., Pautasso G., Pau A., Paradela Perez I., Papp G., Pan O., Oyola P., Olsen J., Ochoukov R., Nowak S., Novikau I., Nocente M., Nishizawa T., Nielsen S. K., Nielsen A. H., Neu R., Nem R. D., Nazikian R., Naulin V., Nabais F., Muraca M., Molina Cabrera P., Milanesio D., Michelini M., Meyer H., Merle A., Merkel R., McDermott R., McCarthy P. J., Mayoral M. -L., Mayer M., Matos F., Martin P., Marrelli L., Markl M., Marchetto C., Maraschek M., Manz P., Mantsinen M., Mantica P., Manhard A., Mancini A., Maquet V., Maljaars E., Maj O., Maingi R., Mailloux J., Maier H., Magnanimo A., Madsen J., Maceina T., Lyssoivan A., Lunt T., Luhmann N. C., Luda di Cortemiglia T., Lu Z., Liu Y., Lipschultz B., Linder O., Likonen J., Li L., Lerche E., Lehnen M., Lauber P., Lang P. T., Lainer P., Lahtinen A., Laggner F., Lackner K., Labit B., Kurzan B., Kurki-Suonio T., Kulla D., Kudlacek O., Krieger K., Kreuzeder A., Krause M., Kramer-Flecken A., Kong M., Komm M., Koleva M., Kocsis G., Klossek F., Klevarova V., Kjer Hansen S., Kirk A., Kircher M., Khilkevitch E., Kernbichler W., Kendl A., Kazakov Y., Kasilov S., Kasemann C. -P., Karhunen J., Kappatou A., Kantor M., Kalis J., Kallenbach A., Joffrin E., Jensen T., Jenko F., Jaulmes F., Jansen van Vuuren A., Janky F., Jaksic N., Jacob W., Jachmich S., Ivanova-Stanik I., Ionita-Schrittwieser C., Insulander Bjork K., Illerhaus J., Iliasova M., Igochine V., Hunger K., Huber A., Hubbard A., Houben A., Hoschen T., Horvath L., Hopf C., Holzl M., Holm J. H., Hofler K., Hobirk J., Hitzler F., Heyn E., Herrmann A., Heuraux S., Hennequin P., Henderson S., Hellsten T., Heinrich P., Heinemann B., Hayward-Schneider T., Hauer V., Harrison J., Harrer G., den Harder N., Happel T., Ham C., Hakola A. H., Hachmeister D., Gunter S., Guimarais L., Gude A., Grover O., Groth M., Griener M., Greuner H., Grenfell G., Grater A., Granucci G., Gradic D., Gorler T., Gorini G., Goodman T., Gonzalez Martin J., Gonzalez J. C., Gobbin M., Gloggler S., Gleiter T., Girka O., Giovannozzi E., Gil L., Gibson S., Giannone L., Geiger B., Garcia Munoz M., Garavaglia S., Gao Y., Gallo A., Gallart Escola D., Galdon-Quiroga J., Galazka K., Futatani S., Funfgelder H., Fuchs J. C., Fuchert G., Froschle M., Frassinetti L., Ford O., Figueredo A., Ficker O., Felici F., Faugel H., Farnik M., Fantz U., Fajardo Jimenez D., Faitsch M., Fable E., Esposito B., Encheva A., Elgeti S., Eich T., Dux R., Duval B. P., Dreval M., Dunai D., Dominguez Palacios Duran J. J., Dibon M., Di Siena A., Denner P., Delogu R., de Marne P., de Baar M., Day C., David P., Molin A. D., D'Arcangelo O., Cziegler I., Cseh G., Cruz Zabala D. J., Croci G., Creely A. J., Cote T., Coster D., Costea S., Conway G., Colas L., Coenen J. W., Coelho R., Coda S., Clairet F., Cianfarani C., Chomiczewska A., Chankin A., Challis C., Cazzaniga C., Cavedon M., Castillo Castillo A., Castaldo C., Carvalho P., Carr M., Carlton D., Cano Megias P., Cannas B., Camenen Y., Burckhart A., Buhler A., Buchanan J., Brochard F., Brida D., Brezinsek S., Brenzke M., van den Brand H., Bottino A., Bottereau C., Boswirth B., Bortolon A., Bonanomi N., Bolzonella T., Body T., Bock L., Bock A., Bobkov V., Blanken T., Birkenmeier G., Bilato R., Bielajew R., Biancalani A., Bernert M., Bernardo J., Bergmann M., Bergmann A., Bauer M., Banon Navarro A., Bandaru V., Balden M., Asunta O., Astrain M., Artigues V., Arden N., Angioni C., Alessi E., Aguiam D., Willensdorfer, M, Mitterauer, V, Hoelzl, M, Suttrop, W, Cianciosa, M, Dunne, M, Fischer, R, Leuthold, N, Puchmayr, J, Samoylov, O, Suarez Lopez, G, Wendler, D, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Zito, A, Zimmermann, B, Zilker, M, Zholobenko, W, Zhang, W, Zehetbauer, T, Zammuto, I, Zagorski, R, Yu, Q, Yoo, C, Yang, Q, Wolfrum, E, Wolf, R, Wischmeier, M, Wiringer, B, White, A, Weiland, M, Wang, X, Wagner, D, von Toussaint, U, Voitsekhovitch, I, Vogel, G, Viezzer, E, Vierle, T, Vicente, J, Vianello, N, Verdoolaege, G, Verdier, T, Varoutis, S, Varela, P, Vanovac, B, Vannini, F, Vanmulders, S, van Zeeland, M, Valovic, M, Valisa, M, Usoltseva, M, Urbanczyk, G, Ulbl, P, Tripsky, M, Trevisan, G, Treutterer, W, Told, D, Tierens, W, Thoren, E, Teschke, M, Terranova, D, Tardocchi, M, Tardini, G, Tala, T, Tal, B, Szepesi, T, Strumberger, E, Stroth, U, Stober, J, Stieglitz, D, Stejner, M, Stegmeir, A, Spolaore, M, Spizzo, G, Spacek, M, Sozzi, C, Sommariva, C, Solano, E, Snicker, A, Sipila, S, Simpson, J, Silvagni, D, Silva, C, Silva, A, Sigalov, A, Sieglin, B, Siccinio, M, Sias, G, Shevelev, A, Sheikh, U, Sharapov, S, Shalpegin, A, Shabbir, A, Seliunin, E, Seibold-Benjak, O, Sciortino, F, Schweinzer, J, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schuster, C, Schubert, M, Schrittwieser, R, Schneider, P, Schmitz, O, Schmid, K, Scholte, J, Schluter, A, Schall, G, Sauter, O, Santos, J, Sanchis Sanchez, L, Salmi, A, Salewski, M, Saarelma, S, Ryter, F, Ryan, D, Rubel, M, Rott, M, Ronchi, G, Rohde, V, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Rocchi, G, Rivero Rodriguez, J, Riesch, J, Riedl, R, Ricci, D, Ribeiro, T, Rettino, B, Reiter, D, Reisner, M, Reiser, D, Reimold, F, Reich, M, Refy, D, Redl, A, Raupp, G, Ratynskaia, S, Ratta, G, Rasmussen, J, Ramisch, M, Radovanovic, L, Putterich, T, Porte, L, Poli, E, Pokol, G, Plyusnin, V, Plockl, B, Plaum, B, Plank, U, Piron, C, Petersson, P, Peluso, E, Peglau, M, Paz-Soldan, C, Pautasso, G, Pau, A, Paradela Perez, I, Papp, G, Pan, O, Oyola, P, Olsen, J, Ochoukov, R, Nowak, S, Novikau, I, Nocente, M, Nishizawa, T, Nielsen, S, Nielsen, A, Neu, R, Nem, R, Nazikian, R, Naulin, V, Nabais, F, Muraca, M, Molina Cabrera, P, Milanesio, D, Michelini, M, Meyer, H, Merle, A, Merkel, R, Mcdermott, R, Mccarthy, P, Mayoral, M, Mayer, M, Matos, F, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Markl, M, Marchetto, C, Maraschek, M, Manz, P, Mantsinen, M, Mantica, P, Manhard, A, Mancini, A, Maquet, V, Maljaars, E, Maj, O, Maingi, R, Mailloux, J, Maier, H, Magnanimo, A, Madsen, J, Maceina, T, Lyssoivan, A, Lunt, T, Luhmann, N, Luda di Cortemiglia, T, Lu, Z, Liu, Y, Lipschultz, B, Linder, O, Likonen, J, Li, L, Lerche, E, Lehnen, M, Lauber, P, Lang, P, Lainer, P, Lahtinen, A, Laggner, F, Lackner, K, Labit, B, Kurzan, B, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kulla, D, Kudlacek, O, Krieger, K, Kreuzeder, A, Krause, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Kong, M, Komm, M, Koleva, M, Kocsis, G, Klossek, F, Klevarova, V, Kjer Hansen, S, Kirk, A, Kircher, M, Khilkevitch, E, Kernbichler, W, Kendl, A, Kazakov, Y, Kasilov, S, Kasemann, C, Karhunen, J, Kappatou, A, Kantor, M, Kalis, J, Kallenbach, A, Joffrin, E, Jensen, T, Jenko, F, Jaulmes, F, Jansen van Vuuren, A, Janky, F, Jaksic, N, Jacob, W, Jachmich, S, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Insulander Bjork, K, Illerhaus, J, Iliasova, M, Igochine, V, Hunger, K, Huber, A, Hubbard, A, Houben, A, Hoschen, T, Horvath, L, Hopf, C, Holzl, M, Holm, J, Hofler, K, Hobirk, J, Hitzler, F, Heyn, E, Herrmann, A, Heuraux, S, Hennequin, P, Henderson, S, Hellsten, T, Heinrich, P, Heinemann, B, Hayward-Schneider, T, Hauer, V, Harrison, J, Harrer, G, den Harder, N, Happel, T, Ham, C, Hakola, A, Hachmeister, D, Gunter, S, Guimarais, L, Gude, A, Grover, O, Groth, M, Griener, M, Greuner, H, Grenfell, G, Grater, A, Granucci, G, Gradic, D, Gorler, T, Gorini, G, Goodman, T, Gonzalez Martin, J, Gonzalez, J, Gobbin, M, Gloggler, S, Gleiter, T, Girka, O, Giovannozzi, E, Gil, L, Gibson, S, Giannone, L, Geiger, B, Garcia Munoz, M, Garavaglia, S, Gao, Y, Gallo, A, Gallart Escola, D, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Galazka, K, Futatani, S, Funfgelder, H, Fuchs, J, Fuchert, G, Froschle, M, Frassinetti, L, Ford, O, Figueredo, A, Ficker, O, Felici, F, Faugel, H, Farnik, M, Fantz, U, Fajardo Jimenez, D, Faitsch, M, Fable, E, Esposito, B, Encheva, A, Elgeti, S, Eich, T, Dux, R, Duval, B, Dreval, M, Dunai, D, Dominguez Palacios Duran, J, Dibon, M, Di Siena, A, Denner, P, Delogu, R, de Marne, P, de Baar, M, Day, C, David, P, Molin, A, D'Arcangelo, O, Cziegler, I, Cseh, G, Cruz Zabala, D, Croci, G, Creely, A, Cote, T, Coster, D, Costea, S, Conway, G, Colas, L, Coenen, J, Coelho, R, Coda, S, Clairet, F, Cianfarani, C, Chomiczewska, A, Chankin, A, Challis, C, Cazzaniga, C, Cavedon, M, Castillo Castillo, A, Castaldo, C, Carvalho, P, Carr, M, Carlton, D, Cano Megias, P, Cannas, B, Camenen, Y, Burckhart, A, Buhler, A, Buchanan, J, Brochard, F, Brida, D, Brezinsek, S, Brenzke, M, van den Brand, H, Bottino, A, Bottereau, C, Boswirth, B, Bortolon, A, Bonanomi, N, Bolzonella, T, Body, T, Bock, L, Bock, A, Bobkov, V, Blanken, T, Birkenmeier, G, Bilato, R, Bielajew, R, Biancalani, A, Bernert, M, Bernardo, J, Bergmann, M, Bergmann, A, Bauer, M, Banon Navarro, A, Bandaru, V, Balden, M, Asunta, O, Astrain, M, Artigues, V, Arden, N, Angioni, C, Alessi, E, Aguiam, D, Willensdorfer M., Mitterauer V., Hoelzl M., Suttrop W., Cianciosa M., Dunne M., Fischer R., Leuthold N., Puchmayr J., Samoylov O., Suarez Lopez G., Wendler D., Zoletnik S., Zohm H., Zito A., Zimmermann B., Zilker M., Zholobenko W., Zhang W., Zehetbauer T., Zammuto I., Zagorski R., Yu Q., Yoo C., Yang Q., Wolfrum E., Wolf R., Wischmeier M., Wiringer B., White A. E., Weiland M., Wang X., Wagner D., von Toussaint U., Voitsekhovitch I., Vogel G., Viezzer E., Vierle T., Vicente J., Vianello N., Verdoolaege G., Verdier T., Varoutis S., Varela P., Vanovac B., Vannini F., Vanmulders S., van Zeeland M., Valovic M., Valisa M., Usoltseva M., Urbanczyk G., Ulbl P., Tripsky M., Trevisan G., Treutterer W., Told D., Tierens W., Thoren E., Teschke M., Terranova D., Tardocchi M., Tardini G., Tala T., Tal B., Szepesi T., Strumberger E., Stroth U., Stober J., Stieglitz D., Stejner M., Stegmeir A., Spolaore M., Spizzo G., Spacek M., Sozzi C., Sommariva C., Solano E., Snicker A., Sipila S., Simpson J., Silvagni D., Silva C., Silva A., Sigalov A., Sieglin B., Siccinio M., Sias G., Shevelev A., Sheikh U., Sharapov S., Shalpegin A., Shabbir A., Seliunin E., Seibold-Benjak O., Sciortino F., Schweinzer J., Schwarz-Selinger T., Schuster C., Schubert M., Schrittwieser R., Schneider P. A., Schmitz O., Schmid K., Scholte J., Schluter A., Schall G., Sauter O., Santos J., Sanchis Sanchez L., Salmi A., Salewski M., Saarelma S., Ryter F., Ryan D. A., Rubel M., Rott M., Ronchi G., Rohde V., Rodriguez-Fernandez P., Rocchi G., Rivero Rodriguez J. F., Riesch J., Riedl R., Ricci D., Ribeiro T., Rettino B., Reiter D., Reisner M., Reiser D., Reimold F., Reich M., Refy D., Redl A., Raupp G., Ratynskaia S., Ratta G., Rasmussen J., Ramisch M., Radovanovic L., Putterich T., Porte L., Poli E., Pokol G., Plyusnin V., Plockl B., Plaum B., Plank U., Piron C., Petersson P., Peluso E., Peglau M., Paz-Soldan C., Pautasso G., Pau A., Paradela Perez I., Papp G., Pan O., Oyola P., Olsen J., Ochoukov R., Nowak S., Novikau I., Nocente M., Nishizawa T., Nielsen S. K., Nielsen A. H., Neu R., Nem R. D., Nazikian R., Naulin V., Nabais F., Muraca M., Molina Cabrera P., Milanesio D., Michelini M., Meyer H., Merle A., Merkel R., McDermott R., McCarthy P. J., Mayoral M. -L., Mayer M., Matos F., Martin P., Marrelli L., Markl M., Marchetto C., Maraschek M., Manz P., Mantsinen M., Mantica P., Manhard A., Mancini A., Maquet V., Maljaars E., Maj O., Maingi R., Mailloux J., Maier H., Magnanimo A., Madsen J., Maceina T., Lyssoivan A., Lunt T., Luhmann N. C., Luda di Cortemiglia T., Lu Z., Liu Y., Lipschultz B., Linder O., Likonen J., Li L., Lerche E., Lehnen M., Lauber P., Lang P. T., Lainer P., Lahtinen A., Laggner F., Lackner K., Labit B., Kurzan B., Kurki-Suonio T., Kulla D., Kudlacek O., Krieger K., Kreuzeder A., Krause M., Kramer-Flecken A., Kong M., Komm M., Koleva M., Kocsis G., Klossek F., Klevarova V., Kjer Hansen S., Kirk A., Kircher M., Khilkevitch E., Kernbichler W., Kendl A., Kazakov Y., Kasilov S., Kasemann C. -P., Karhunen J., Kappatou A., Kantor M., Kalis J., Kallenbach A., Joffrin E., Jensen T., Jenko F., Jaulmes F., Jansen van Vuuren A., Janky F., Jaksic N., Jacob W., Jachmich S., Ivanova-Stanik I., Ionita-Schrittwieser C., Insulander Bjork K., Illerhaus J., Iliasova M., Igochine V., Hunger K., Huber A., Hubbard A., Houben A., Hoschen T., Horvath L., Hopf C., Holzl M., Holm J. H., Hofler K., Hobirk J., Hitzler F., Heyn E., Herrmann A., Heuraux S., Hennequin P., Henderson S., Hellsten T., Heinrich P., Heinemann B., Hayward-Schneider T., Hauer V., Harrison J., Harrer G., den Harder N., Happel T., Ham C., Hakola A. H., Hachmeister D., Gunter S., Guimarais L., Gude A., Grover O., Groth M., Griener M., Greuner H., Grenfell G., Grater A., Granucci G., Gradic D., Gorler T., Gorini G., Goodman T., Gonzalez Martin J., Gonzalez J. C., Gobbin M., Gloggler S., Gleiter T., Girka O., Giovannozzi E., Gil L., Gibson S., Giannone L., Geiger B., Garcia Munoz M., Garavaglia S., Gao Y., Gallo A., Gallart Escola D., Galdon-Quiroga J., Galazka K., Futatani S., Funfgelder H., Fuchs J. C., Fuchert G., Froschle M., Frassinetti L., Ford O., Figueredo A., Ficker O., Felici F., Faugel H., Farnik M., Fantz U., Fajardo Jimenez D., Faitsch M., Fable E., Esposito B., Encheva A., Elgeti S., Eich T., Dux R., Duval B. P., Dreval M., Dunai D., Dominguez Palacios Duran J. J., Dibon M., Di Siena A., Denner P., Delogu R., de Marne P., de Baar M., Day C., David P., Molin A. D., D'Arcangelo O., Cziegler I., Cseh G., Cruz Zabala D. J., Croci G., Creely A. J., Cote T., Coster D., Costea S., Conway G., Colas L., Coenen J. W., Coelho R., Coda S., Clairet F., Cianfarani C., Chomiczewska A., Chankin A., Challis C., Cazzaniga C., Cavedon M., Castillo Castillo A., Castaldo C., Carvalho P., Carr M., Carlton D., Cano Megias P., Cannas B., Camenen Y., Burckhart A., Buhler A., Buchanan J., Brochard F., Brida D., Brezinsek S., Brenzke M., van den Brand H., Bottino A., Bottereau C., Boswirth B., Bortolon A., Bonanomi N., Bolzonella T., Body T., Bock L., Bock A., Bobkov V., Blanken T., Birkenmeier G., Bilato R., Bielajew R., Biancalani A., Bernert M., Bernardo J., Bergmann M., Bergmann A., Bauer M., Banon Navarro A., Bandaru V., Balden M., Asunta O., Astrain M., Artigues V., Arden N., Angioni C., Alessi E., and Aguiam D.

Abstract

In tokamaks, a leading platform for fusion energy, periodic filamentary plasma eruptions known as edge-localized modes occur in plasmas with high-energy confinement and steep pressure profiles at the plasma edge. These edge-localized modes could damage the tokamak wall but can be suppressed using small three-dimensional magnetic perturbations. Here we demonstrate that these magnetic perturbations can change the magnetic topology just inside the steep gradient region of the plasma edge. We identify signatures of a magnetic island, and their observation is linked to the suppression of edge-localized modes. We compare high-resolution measurements of perturbed magnetic surfaces with predictions from ideal magnetohydrodynamic theory where the magnetic topology is preserved. Although ideal magnetohydrodynamics adequately describes the measurements in plasmas exhibiting edge-localized modes, it proves insufficient for plasmas where these modes are suppressed. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic modelling supports this observation. Our study experimentally confirms the predicted role of magnetic islands in inhibiting the occurrence of edge-localized modes. This will be beneficial for physics-based predictions in future fusion devices to control these modes.The suppression of edge-localized modes in tokamak plasmas is crucial to prevent them from damaging the walls of the chamber. Now experiments confirm the role that magnetic islands play in suppressing these detrimental modes.

Published
2024

48. Mitochondrial respiration in B lymphocytes is essential for humoral immunity by controlling the flux of the TCA cycle

Author

Urbanczyk, Sophia, Baris, Olivier R., Hofmann, Jörg, Taudte, R. Verena, Guegen, Naïg, Golombek, Florian, Castiglione, Kathrin, Meng, Xianyi, Bozec, Aline, Thomas, Jana, Weckwerth, Leonie, Mougiakakos, Dimitrios, Schulz, Sebastian R., Schuh, Wolfgang, Schlötzer-Schrehardt, Ursula, Steinmetz, Tobit D., Brodesser, Susanne, Wiesner, Rudolf J., and Mielenz, Dirk

Published
2022
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49. Overview of ASDEX upgrade results in view of ITER and DEMO

Author

H. Zohm, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, V. Artigues, M. Astrain, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon Navarro, M. Bauer, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, L. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megías, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, A. Castillo Castillo, A. Cathey, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, A. Chomiczewska, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, M. Dibon, J.J. Dominguez-Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, M. Dreval, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, D. Fajardo Jimenez, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, I. Girka, O. Girka, T. Gleiter, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J.C. Gonzalez, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, G. Grenfell, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, O. Grover, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, D. Hachmeister, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, P. Heinrich, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, M. Herschel, S. Heuraux, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, S. Hörmann, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, J. Illerhaus, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, S. Jachmich, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, A. Jansen van Vuuren, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, J. Kalis, A. Kappatou, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, Y. Kazakov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, M. Kircher, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, F. Klossek, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, M. Krause, I. Krebs, A. Kreuzeder, K. Krieger, O. Kudlacek, D. Kulla, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P. Lainer, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, M. Lehnen, L. Leppin, E. Lerche, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, H. Lindl, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, Z. Lu, T. Luda Di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, V. Maquet, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, M. Markl, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, F. Matos, M. Mayer, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, G. Meng, R. Merkel, A. Merle, H. Meyer, M. Michelini, D. Milanesio, V. Mitterauer, P. Molina Cabrera, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, P. Oyola, O. Pan, G. Papp, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, M. Peglau, E. Peluso, P. Petersson, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, A. Popa, L. Porte, J. Puchmayr, T. Pütterich, L. Radovanovic, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, A. Redl, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, B. Rettino, T. Ribeiro, D. Ricci, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, A. Schlüter, J. Scholte, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, N. Schwarz, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, F. Sciortino, O. Seibold-Benjak, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spacek, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, D. Stieglitz, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez Lopez, W. Suttrop, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, W. Tang, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, M. Tripský, P. Ulbl, G. Urbanczyk, M. Usoltseva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, S. van Mulders, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, T. Verdier, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, D. Wendler, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, C. Yoo, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, A. Zibrov, M. Zilker, C.F.B. Zimmermann, A. Zito, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team, and the ASDEX Upgrade Team

Subjects
tokamak, MHD stability, transport modelling, radiative exhaust, disruption physics, ELM free scenarios, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Experiments on ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) in 2021 and 2022 have addressed a number of critical issues for ITER and EU DEMO. A major objective of the AUG programme is to shed light on the underlying physics of confinement, stability, and plasma exhaust in order to allow reliable extrapolation of results obtained on present day machines to these reactor-grade devices. Concerning pedestal physics, the mitigation of edge localised modes (ELMs) using resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) was found to be consistent with a reduction of the linear peeling-ballooning stability threshold due to the helical deformation of the plasma. Conversely, ELM suppression by RMPs is ascribed to an increased pedestal transport that keeps the plasma away from this boundary. Candidates for this increased transport are locally enhanced turbulence and a locked magnetic island in the pedestal. The enhanced D-alpha (EDA) and quasi-continuous exhaust (QCE) regimes have been established as promising ELM-free scenarios. Here, the pressure gradient at the foot of the H-mode pedestal is reduced by a quasi-coherent mode, consistent with violation of the high-n ballooning mode stability limit there. This is suggestive that the EDA and QCE regimes have a common underlying physics origin. In the area of transport physics, full radius models for both L- and H-modes have been developed. These models predict energy confinement in AUG better than the commonly used global scaling laws, representing a large step towards the goal of predictive capability. A new momentum transport analysis framework has been developed that provides access to the intrinsic torque in the plasma core. In the field of exhaust, the X-Point Radiator (XPR), a cold and dense plasma region on closed flux surfaces close to the X-point, was described by an analytical model that provides an understanding of its formation as well as its stability, i.e., the conditions under which it transitions into a deleterious MARFE with the potential to result in a disruptive termination. With the XPR close to the divertor target, a new detached divertor concept, the compact radiative divertor, was developed. Here, the exhaust power is radiated before reaching the target, allowing close proximity of the X-point to the target. No limitations by the shallow field line angle due to the large flux expansion were observed, and sufficient compression of neutral density was demonstrated. With respect to the pumping of non-recycling impurities, the divertor enrichment was found to mainly depend on the ionisation energy of the impurity under consideration. In the area of MHD physics, analysis of the hot plasma core motion in sawtooth crashes showed good agreement with nonlinear 2-fluid simulations. This indicates that the fast reconnection observed in these events is adequately described including the pressure gradient and the electron inertia in the parallel Ohm’s law. Concerning disruption physics, a shattered pellet injection system was installed in collaboration with the ITER International Organisation. Thanks to the ability to vary the shard size distribution independently of the injection velocity, as well as its impurity admixture, it was possible to tailor the current quench rate, which is an important requirement for future large devices such as ITER. Progress was also made modelling the force reduction of VDEs induced by massive gas injection on AUG. The H-mode density limit was characterised in terms of safe operational space with a newly developed active feedback control method that allowed the stability boundary to be probed several times within a single discharge without inducing a disruptive termination. Regarding integrated operation scenarios, the role of density peaking in the confinement of the ITER baseline scenario (high plasma current) was clarified. The usual energy confinement scaling ITER98( p,y ) does not capture this effect, but the more recent H20 scaling does, highlighting again the importance of developing adequate physics based models. Advanced tokamak scenarios, aiming at large non-inductive current fraction due to non-standard profiles of the safety factor in combination with high normalised plasma pressure were studied with a focus on their access conditions. A method to guide the approach of the targeted safety factor profiles was developed, and the conditions for achieving good confinement were clarified. Based on this, two types of advanced scenarios (‘hybrid’ and ‘elevated’ q -profile) were established on AUG and characterised concerning their plasma performance.

Published
2024
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50. WEST full tungsten operation with an ITER grade divertor

Author

J. Bucalossi, A. Ekedahl, and the WEST Team, J. Achard, K. Afonin, O. Agullo, T. Alarcon, L. Allegretti, F. Almuhisen, H. Ancher, G. Antar, Y. Anquetin, S. Antusch, V. Anzallo, C. Arnas, J.F. Artaud, M.H. Aumeunier, S.G. Baek, X.Y. Bai, M. Balden, C. Balorin, T. Barbui, A. Barbuti, J. Barlerin, J. Barra, V. Basiuk, T. Batal, O. Baulaigue, A. Bec, M. Becoulet, E. Benoit, E. Bernard, J.M. Bernard, M. Bernert, N. Bertelli, E. Bertrand, P. Beyer, J. Bielecki, P. Bienvenu, R. Bisson, B. Bliewert, G. Bodner, S. Bose, C. Bottereau, C. Bouchand, Y. Boumendjel, F. Bouquey, C. Bourdelle, J. Bourg, S. Brezinsek, F. Brochard, C. Brun, V. Bruno, H. Bufferand, A. Bureau, S. Burles, Y. Camenen, B. Cantone, E. Caprin, M. Carole, S. Carpentier-Chouchana, G. Caulier, F. Causa, N. Cazanave, N. Chanet, O. Chellai, Y. Chen, M. Chernyshova, P. Chmielewski, W. Choe, A. Chomiczewska, G. Ciraolo, F. Clairet, J. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Colledani, J. Colnel, P. Coquillat, E. Corbel, Y. Corre, X. Courtois, T. Czarski, A. Da Ros, R. Daniel, J. Daumas, M. De Combarieu, P. De Vries, C. Dechelle, F. Deguara, R. Dejarnac, J.M. Delaplanche, L.F. Delgado-Aparicio, E. Delmas, L. Delpech, C. Desgranges, P. Devynck, J. Denis, S. Di Genova, R. Diab, A. Diallo, M. Diez, G. Dif-Pradalier, M. Dimitrova, R. Ding, T. Dittmar, L. Doceul, M. Domenes, D. Donovan, D. Douai, L. Dubus, N. Dumas, R. Dumont, F. Durand, A. Durif, F. Durodié, D. Elbeze, S. Ertmer, A. Escarguel, F. Escourbiac, B. Esposito, K. Ezato, F. Faisse, J.L. Farjon, N. Faure, N. Fedorczak, P. Fejoz, F. Felici, C. Fenzi-Bonizec, F. Ferlay, L. Ferrand, L. Fevre, M. Firdaouss, L. Fleury, D. Flouquet, T. Fonghetti, A. Gallo, X. Garbet, J. Garcia, J.L. Gardarein, L. Gargiulo, P. Garibaldi, S. Garitta, J. Gaspar, E. Gauthier, S. Gazzotti, F. Gely, J. Gerardin, G. Gervasini, E. Geulin, M. Geynet, P. Ghendrih, I. Giacalone, C. Gil, S. Ginoux, S. Girard, E. Giroux, G. Giruzzi, M. Goniche, V. Gorse, T. Gray, E. Grelier, C. Grisolia, A. Grosjean, A. Grosman, O. Grover, D. Guibert, D. Guilhem, C. Guillemaut, B. Guillermin, R. Guirlet, J.P. Gunn, Y. Gunsu, T. Gyergyek, S. Hacquin, A. Hakola, J. Harris, J.C. Hatchressian, W. Helou, P. Hennequin, C. Hernandez, L. Hijazi, J. Hillairet, T. Hirai, G.T. Hoang, C. Honoré, M. Houry, A. Huart, G. Huijsmans, P. Huynh, M. Iafrati, F. Imbeaux, N. Imbert, I. Ivanova-Stanik, P. Ivanova, R. Jalageas, A. Jamann, C. Jammes, A. Jardin, L. Jaubert, G. Jiolat, E. Joffrin, C. Johnson, A. Jonas, A. Kirschner, C.C. Klepper, M. Komm, M. Koubiti, S. Kosslow, J. Kovacic, M. Kozeiha, K. Krieger, K. Krol, I. Kudashev, B. Lacroix, L. Laguardia, V. Lamaison, V. Lapleigne, H. Laqua, C. Lau, Y. Lausenaz, R. Lé, M. Le Bohec, N. Lefevre, N. Lemoine, E. Lerche, Y. Lesourd, L. Letellier, M. Lewerentz, Y. Li, A. Liang, P. Linczuk, C. Linsmeier, M. Lipa, X. Litaudon, X. Liu, J. Llorens, T. Loarer, A. Loarte, T. Loewenhoff, G. Lombard, J. Lore, P. Lorenzetto, B. Lu, A. Lumsdaine, R. Lunsford, T. Lunt, G. Luo, P. Magaud, P. Maget, J.F. Mahieu, P. Maini, P. Malard, K. Malinowski, P. Manas, L. Manenc, V. Maquet, Y. Marandet, C. Martin, E.J. Martin, P. Martino, M. Mayer, D. Mazon, S. Mazzi, P. Messina, L. Meunier, D. Midou, G. Miglionico, Y. Mineo, M. Missirlian, R. Mitteau, B. Mitu, D. Moiraf, P. Mollard, G. Momparler, V. Moncada, T. Mondiere, C. Monti, J. Morales, M. Moreau, Ph. Moreau, Y. Moudden, G. Moureau, D. Mouyon, M. Muraglia, T. Nakano, E. Nardon, A. Neff, F. Nespoli, J. Nichols, L. Nicolas, S. Nicollet, R. Nouailletas, M. Ono, V. Ostuni, O. Paillat, C. Parish, H. Park, H. Parrat, J.Y. Pascal, B. Pegourie, F.P. Pellissier, Y. Peneliau, M. Peret, E. Pignoly, G. Pintsuk, R. Pitts, C. Pocheau, A. Podolnik, C. Portafaix, M. Poulos, P. Prochet, A. Puig Sitjes, R. Ragona, M. Rasinski, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raup, X. Regal-Mezin, C. Reux, J. Rice, M. Richou, F. Rigollet, N. Rivals, H. Roche, S. Rodrigues, J. Romazanov, G. Ronchi, C. Ruset, R. Sabot, A. Saille, R. Sakamoto, B. Salamon, F. Samaille, A. Santagiustina, B. Santraine, Y. Sarazin, O. Sauter, Y. Savoie-Peysson, L. Schiesko, M. Scholz, J.L. Schwob, E. Serre, H. Shin, S. Shiraiwa, Ja. Signoret, O. Skalli-Fettachi, P. Sogorb, Y. Song, A. Spring, P. Spuig, S. Sridhar, B. Stratton, C. Talatizi, P. Tamain, R. Tatali, Q. Tichit, A. Torre, L. Toulouse, W. Treutterer, E. Tsitrone, E.A. Unterberg, G. Urbanczyk, G. Van Rooij, N. Varadarajan, S. Vartanian, E. Velly, J.M. Verger, L. Vermare, D. Vezinet, N. Vignal, B. Vincent, S. Vives, D. Volpe, G. Wallace, E. Wang, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Y.S. Wang, T. Wauters, D. Weldon, B. Wirth, M. Wirtz, A. Wojenski, M. Xu, Q.X. Yang, H. Yang, B. Zago, R. Zagorski, B. Zhang, X.J. Zhang, X.L. Zou, and the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team

Subjects
nuclear fusion, magnetic confinement, tokamak, divertor, WEST, ITER, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The mission of WEST (tungsten-W Environment in Steady-state Tokamak) is to explore long pulse operation in a full tungsten (W) environment for preparing next-step fusion devices (ITER and DEMO) with a focus on testing the ITER actively cooled W divertor in tokamak conditions. Following the successful completion of phase 1 (2016-2021), phase 2 started in December 2022 with the lower divertor made entirely of actively cooled ITER-grade tungsten mono-blocks. A boronization prior the first plasma attempt allowed for a smooth startup with the new divertor. Despite the reduced operating window due to tungsten, rapid progress has been made in long pulse operation, resulting in discharges with a pulse length of 100 s and an injected energy of around 300 MJ per discharge. Plasma startup studies were carried out with equatorial boron nitride limiters to compare them with tungsten limiters, while Ion Cyclotron Resonance Heating assisted startup was attempted. High fluence operation in attached regime, which was the main thrust of the first campaigns, already showed the progressive build up of deposits and appearance of dust, impacting the plasma operation as the plasma fluence increased. In total, the cumulated injected energy during the first campaigns reached 43 GJ and the cumulated plasma time exceeded 5 h. Demonstration of controlled X-Point Radiator regime is also reported, opening a promising route for investigating plasma exhaust and plasma-wall interaction issues in more detached regime. This paper summarises the lessons learned from the manufacturing and the first operation of the ITER-grade divertor, describing the progress achieved in optimising operation in a full W environment with a focus on long pulse operation and plasma wall interaction.

Published
2024
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