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Background: Increasingly, registered nurses (RNs) are incorporated into ambulatory care teams. Yet, limited research exists on the roles of RNs across these settings., Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the roles performed by RNs (and their senior BSN students) in primary care and public health settings., Methods: Working with nine RN preceptors, 15 students tracked all patient visits during a 150-h immersion experience using the Typhon™ clinical-tracking software., Results: The BSN student/RN dyads conducted 1218 patient visits completing 8536 RN roles in 15 distinct categories. Most patients were African American and female (n = 736; 60.1 %) with an average age of 38.4 (SD 22.12). Patient demographics varied by site. The most common roles performed by the RN/student dyad were health assessment, behavioral health screening, and telehealth. Roles of the RNs and the student level of independence were significantly different across sites (Fisher's Exact test [p < .001])., Conclusions: Our results argue that RNs are providing substantial value to these FQHC and public heath settings. An academic/practice partnership, including a shared curricular review, can provide a strategic advantage for educators to ensure that health systems realize the unique roles for RNs and educators provide 21st century education., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Presents a study that observed large uniaxial anisotropies associated with interfaces for ultrathin films of bcc iron (001). Procedures used to grow the iron films; Growth characterization of such films using reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns; Magnetic measurements on bcc iron (001) films.

Examines the applications of magnetism through the use of atomic engineering. Effects of epitaxy on crystal structure, magnetic moment and anisotropy; Interaction between a ferromagnetic substrate iron and a magnetic overlayer blind carbon copy nickel; Correlation between atomic volume and magnetic moment.

Piscine myocarditis virus (PCMV) is a double-stranded RNA virus structurally similar to the Totiviridae family. PCMV is the causative agent of cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS), a severe cardiac disease that affects farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). A recent study characterized the host immune response in infected salmon through a transcriptome immune profiling, which confirmed a high regulation of immune and anti-viral genes throughout infection with PCMV. Previously we developed a novel model based on repeated non-lethal blood sampling, enabling the individual monitoring of salmonids during an infection. In the present work, we used this model to describe the host immune response in the blood cells of Atlantic salmon after intramuscular infection with PCMV-containing tissue homogenate over a 77-day period. At the final stage heart samples were also collected to verify the PCMV load, the pathological impact of infection and to compare the transcript profiles to blood. The expression level of a range of key immune genes was determined in the blood and heart samples by real-time PCR. Results indicated selected immune genes (mx, cd8α and γip) were up-regulated in the heart tissue of infected animals at the terminal time point, in comparison to the non-infected fish. When analyzing the blood samples over the course of infection, a significant n up-regulation of mx gene was also observed. The time and number of peaks in the kinetics of expression was different between individuals. The PCMV load and CMS pathology was verified by real-time PCR and histopathology, respectively. No pathogen and no pathology could be detected during the course of the experiment except at the terminal stage (viral load by qPCR and pathology by histology). This study emphasizes the value of non-lethal monitoring for evaluating the health status of fish at early stages of infection and in the absence of clinical signs., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Evaluates the transmission of circularly polarized microwave radiation through a slab of ferromagnetic metal as a function of an external direct current magnetic field oriented normal to the slab faces. Investigation on the two limiting cases of specular and diffuse scattering of the current carriers at the slab faces; Discussion on the microwave transmission experiment; Reasons numerical transmission calculations for the perpendicular configuration were carried out.

Presents a study that examined ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in ultrahigh vacuum of bcc iron(001) films grown on silver(001). Description of the FMR probe designed for use inside the ultrahigh vacuum; Equation used to analyze the FMR data; Characteristics of the bcc iron(001)films used in the study.

Presents a study which investigated magnetic damping in pure iron. Temperature dependence of the damping in nickel; Results of ferromagnetic antiresonance transmissions measurements on the iron single cyrstal at room temperature; Effect of decreasing temperature on damping in iron.

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection, cohabitation and immersion routes of infection were used to determine if Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (L.), of 1 and 3 g are susceptible to infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Mortalities of cod injected IP were significantly higher when challenged with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) than with phosphate buffered saline. This is the first report of Atlantic cod mortalities caused by IPNV. Fish challenged by cohabitation had significantly higher mortalities than the controls, but mortalities of Atlantic cod challenged with IPNV by immersion were not significantly different from controls. Titres of IPNV in the tissues of infected fish were sometimes very high (range 102–1010 infectious units per gram of tissue) suggesting virus replication and titres of fish that died were generally higher than those of fish which survived. However, the relatively low mortality rates when challenged by cohabitation and immersion (20% and 17%, respectively), compared to the IP injection challenge (100%) suggest that 1 and 3 g cod have low susceptibility to IPN when challenged by more natural routes. These data strongly suggest that the cause of death of experimentally challenged cod was IPNV and further histological evidence for this came from 1 g cod challenged IP with IPNV in which the pancreas showed severe necrosis and heavy immunostaining for IPNV coincidentally with the peak of mortalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The carcases of 230 wild, culled red deer (Cervus elaphus) were examined for the presence of bullet wounds and permanent wound tracts to determine the prevalence and significance of wounds involving the head, legs or carcase trunk. Head wounds were found in 17 (7.4 per cent) of the carcases and were classified into two groups: nine in which the marksman was considered to have specifically targeted the head, and eight carcases in which the head wound was considered to have resulted from a 'coup de grace' shot to dispatch a previously wounded animal. The analysis of the wound data from the carcase trunks, in combination with data collected in a previous study, indicates that the initial wound tracts in all the deer appeared to have lower mean terminal probabilities than subsequent wound tracts, and that this effect is exacerbated during the rut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Threshold effects are common in ecosystems and can generate counterintuitive outcomes in management interventions. A threshold effect proposed for steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is size-conditional smolting and marine survival. Steelhead are anadromous, maturing in the ocean but migrating to freshwater to spawn, where their offspring reside for one or more years before smolting-physiologically transforming to a saltwater form-and migrating to the ocean. In conditional smolting, juveniles transform only if growth exceeds a threshold body size prior to migration season, and subsequent marine survival correlates with size at ocean entry. Conditional smolting suggests that efforts to improve freshwater survival of juveniles may reduce smolt success if they increase competition and reduce growth. Using model-selection techniques, we asked if this effect explained declining numbers of adult Carmel River steelhead. This threatened population has been the focus of two decades of habitat restoration, as well as active translocation and captive-rearing of juveniles stranded in seasonally dewatered channels. In the top-ranked model selected by information-theoretic criteria, adult decline was linked to reduced juvenile growth rates in the lower river, consistent with the conditional smolting hypothesis. According to model inference, since 2005 most returning adult steelhead were captively-reared. However, a lower-ranked model without conditional smolting also had modest support, and suggested a negative effect of captive rearing. Translocations of juvenile fish to perennial reaches may have reduced the steelhead run slightly by raising competition, but this effect is confounded in the data with effects of river flow on growth. Efforts to recover Carmel River steelhead will probably be more successful if they focus on conditions promoting rapid growth in the river. Our analysis clearly favored a role for size-conditional smolting and marine survival in the decline of the population, but did not definitively rule out alternative explanations.

Introduction The purpose of this article is to present the collective experiences of six federally-funded critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) newborn screening implementation projects to assist federal and state policy makers and public health to implement CCHD screening. Methods A qualitative assessment and summary from six demonstration project grantees and other state representatives involved in the implementation of CCHD screening programs are presented in the following areas: legislation, provider and family education, screening algorithms and interpretation, data collection and quality improvement, telemedicine, home and rural births, and neonatal intensive care unit populations. Results The most common challenges to implementation include: lack of uniform legislative and statutory mandates for screening programs, lack of funding/resources, difficulty in screening algorithm interpretation, limited availability of pediatric echocardiography, and integrating data collection and reporting with existing newborn screening systems. Identified solutions include: programs should consider integrating third party insurers and other partners early in the legislative/statutory process; development of visual tools and language modification to assist in the interpretation of algorithms, training programs for adult sonographers to perform neonatal echocardiography, building upon existing newborn screening systems, and using automated data transfer mechanisms. Discussion Continued and expanded surveillance, research, prevention and education efforts are needed to inform screening programs, with an aim to reduce morbidity, mortality and other adverse consequences for individuals and families affected by CCHD.

Yersinia ruckeri, the causative agent of enteric red mouth disease (ERM), is a widely studied pathogen in disease models using rainbow trout. This infection model, mostly based on intraperitoneally injection or bath immersion challenges, has an impact on both components (innate and adaptive) of the fish immune system. Although there has been much attention in studying its host-pathogen interactions, there is still a lack of knowledge regarding the impact of a cohabitation challenge. To tackle this we used a newly established non-lethal sampling method (by withdrawing a small amount of blood) in rainbow trout which allowed the individual immune monitoring before (non-infected) and after infection with Yersinia ruckeri either by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection or by cohabitation (cohab). A range of key immune genes were monitored during the infection by real-time PCR, and results were compared between the two infection routes. Results indicated that inflammatory (IL-1β1 and IL-8) cytokines and certain antimicrobial peptides (cathelicidins) revealed a different pattern of expression between the two infected groups (i.p. vs cohab), in comparison to adaptive immune cytokines (IL-22, IFN-γ and IL-4/13A) and β-defensins. This suggests a different involvement of distinct immune markers according to the infection model, and the importance of using a cohabitation challenge as a more natural disease model that likely simulates what would occur in the environment., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)