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Presents a study that observed large uniaxial anisotropies associated with interfaces for ultrathin films of bcc iron (001). Procedures used to grow the iron films; Growth characterization of such films using reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns; Magnetic measurements on bcc iron (001) films.

Examines the applications of magnetism through the use of atomic engineering. Effects of epitaxy on crystal structure, magnetic moment and anisotropy; Interaction between a ferromagnetic substrate iron and a magnetic overlayer blind carbon copy nickel; Correlation between atomic volume and magnetic moment.

Evaluates the transmission of circularly polarized microwave radiation through a slab of ferromagnetic metal as a function of an external direct current magnetic field oriented normal to the slab faces. Investigation on the two limiting cases of specular and diffuse scattering of the current carriers at the slab faces; Discussion on the microwave transmission experiment; Reasons numerical transmission calculations for the perpendicular configuration were carried out.

Presents a study that examined ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) in ultrahigh vacuum of bcc iron(001) films grown on silver(001). Description of the FMR probe designed for use inside the ultrahigh vacuum; Equation used to analyze the FMR data; Characteristics of the bcc iron(001)films used in the study.

Presents a study which investigated magnetic damping in pure iron. Temperature dependence of the damping in nickel; Results of ferromagnetic antiresonance transmissions measurements on the iron single cyrstal at room temperature; Effect of decreasing temperature on damping in iron.

Intraperitoneal (IP) injection, cohabitation and immersion routes of infection were used to determine if Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua (L.), of 1 and 3 g are susceptible to infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Mortalities of cod injected IP were significantly higher when challenged with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) than with phosphate buffered saline. This is the first report of Atlantic cod mortalities caused by IPNV. Fish challenged by cohabitation had significantly higher mortalities than the controls, but mortalities of Atlantic cod challenged with IPNV by immersion were not significantly different from controls. Titres of IPNV in the tissues of infected fish were sometimes very high (range 102–1010 infectious units per gram of tissue) suggesting virus replication and titres of fish that died were generally higher than those of fish which survived. However, the relatively low mortality rates when challenged by cohabitation and immersion (20% and 17%, respectively), compared to the IP injection challenge (100%) suggest that 1 and 3 g cod have low susceptibility to IPN when challenged by more natural routes. These data strongly suggest that the cause of death of experimentally challenged cod was IPNV and further histological evidence for this came from 1 g cod challenged IP with IPNV in which the pancreas showed severe necrosis and heavy immunostaining for IPNV coincidentally with the peak of mortalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method was developed for detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in paraffin-embedded tissues of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Several methods of probe labelling and detection were evaluated and found unsuitable for FISH because of tissue autofluorescence. Likewise, the use of avidin to detect biotin-labelled probe was obviated by the presence of endogenous biotin. An existing approach, using digoxigenin (DIG)-labelled probes and detection by anti-DIG antibody-labelled with alkaline phosphatase, was modified to use a fluorescent substrate, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoic acid-2′-phenylanilide phosphate/4-chloro-2-methylbenzene diazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt (HNPP/Fast Red TR). This improved method allowed sensitive detection of IPNV target, without interference from autofluorescence or endogenous alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the reporter produces a discrete, non-fading signal, which is particularly suitable for analysis by confocal microscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]