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Background: Hearing misfortune in mechanical specialist may be obliterating for the labourers, with destitute quality of life. Objective: This research was conducted to discover out the degree of hearing misfortune and audiometric design of hearing misfortune in nearby mechanical specialists. Patients & Methods: This cross-sectional research was conducted at Mayo Hospital, Lahore (January to November 2018). A add up to of 100 people were included in this research who were mechanical labourers for more than 15 a long time and came to the hospital for a few reasons other than hearing misfortune or any ENT issue. The information entered and analyzed by utilizing SPSS. Results: Majority of the subjects were male (96%) and 4% were females. Out of 18 patients were underneath the age of 35 a long time, 29 were between 36-45, 32 were between 46-55 a long time and 21 were over the age of 55 a long time. Out of 74% of the specialists were not utilizing any defensive gadget or strategy against boisterous apparatus commotions. Cruel hearing limit of all the subjects was over 25 dB in all frequencies tried i.e. from 250 to 8000 Hz. Cruel hearing misfortune was greatest at the recurrence of 4000 Hz. Conclusion: All of the specialists included in this research has a few degrees of hearing misfortune at least in a few frequencies (more articulated at 4000 Hz), in spite of the fact that larger part was not mindful of this hearing misfortune. Keywords: Commotion Initiated Hearing Misfortune, Word Related Dangers, Sensori-Neural Hearing Misfortune, Unadulterated Tone Audiometry.

Background: Medical students due to their busy life style are increasingly involved in unhealthy eating habits which contributes to a high level of depression among them. Previously there was no research done on this topic in Pakistan and students are unaware about association between eating habits and depression. So as to create awareness about this menace we conducted this study. Objective: To determine the relation of eating habits and the development of depression among medical students of AIMC Material and Methods: Study Design: Cross sectional study. Study Setting: Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore/ Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Study Duration: 2 months. Inclusion criteria: Students from all classes from first year to final year, Both sex, Both Boarders and Day Scholars. Data Collection and analysis: Data was collected by a semi- structured questionnaire which was distributed among students after explaining the purpose of study and taking informed consent. The questionnaire was handed out to students who were present at the time of distribution. The students were instructed to return the completed questionnaire. The Students were assured that results of survey will not have any negative repercussions for them. We used SPSS version 17 for data analysis. Mean and standard deviation was computed for quantitative variables and for qualitative variables we computed frequency and percentage. Results: Out of 250 students 137(54.8%) had depression and 113(45.2%) were found to be normal. Following eating habits were shown to be highly associated with the development of depression, an irregular meal taking habit, students not taking breakfast regularly, whose diet rarely contain fruits and often containing fried food and a heavy consumption of salt. Conclusions: Using data from the study, we showed an association between eating habits and depression in medical students. Despite of having proper knowledge about balanced nutrition and healthy life-style, students were found to indulge in unhealthy eating habits which contribute to the development of depression. So interventions should be made to encourage good eating habits among medical students. Key words: Eating habits, Depression, Medical students, Salt consumption.

An adaptive neural observer design is presented for the nonlinear quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). This proposed observer design is motivated by the practical quadrotor where the whole dynamical model of system is unavailable. In this paper, dynamics of the quadrotor UAV system and its state space model are discussed and a neural observer design, using a back propagation algorithm is presented. The steady state error is reduced with the neural network term in the estimator design and the transient performance of the system is improved. This proposed methodology reduces the number of sensors and weight of the quadrotor which results in the decrease of manufacturing cost. A Lyapunov-based stability analysis is utilized to prove the convergence of error to the neighborhood of zero. The performance and capabilities of the design procedure are demonstrated by the Simulation results.

In wide voltage range applications such as electric vehicles (EVs) onboard charging, conventional frequency modulated LLC topology has its intrinsic limitations. Its frequency span is extremely wide and the soft switching feature might get lost. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel LLC resonant converter. The pulse width and frequency hybrid modulation are adopted to narrow down its switching frequency span. The operating principles, circuit modeling, and the design methodology are presented. A 1 kW rated prototype has been built to realize an efficient power flow between the 400 V DC bus and 200&ndash, 440 V battery pack. The designed prototype validates the effectiveness of the proposed topology and modulation method. 96.8% peak efficiency is measured for the constructed experimental prototype.

For the operation of autonomous microgrid (MG), an essential task is to meet the load demand sharing using multiple distributed generation (DG) units. The conventional droop control methods and its numerous variations have been developed in the literature in order to realize proportional power sharing amongst such multiple DG units. However, the conventional droop control strategies are subjected to power sharing error because of non-trivial feeder impedances of medium-voltage MGs. Further, complex MGs configurations (mesh or looped networks) usually make to reactive power sharing and system voltage regulation more challenging. This paper presents an optimal control strategy in order to perform the proportional power sharing and voltage regulation for multiple feeders in islanded AC MGs. The case study simulation for optimizing the power sharing and voltage regulations in proposed control strategy has been verified through using MATLAB/Simulink systems.

Recently, power quality improvement has gained a lot of attention due to the rapidly increasing use of power electronics equipment. Several control strategies for DC/AC Voltage Source Inverters (VSI) have been developed to obtain good quality output with low harmonic distortion. This paper proposes a robust control scheme to improve the power quality of a three-phase DC/AC VSI. The control scheme includes an outer voltage loop and an inner current loop, with both controllers designed by the standard H&infin, robust control technique. The system with the proposed controller has a low total harmonic distortion (THD) and improved power quality of output voltage in the presence of linear and non-linear loads. The simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment, and the results of the proposed control scheme are compared with the performance of dead-beat (DB) predictive control and conventional proportional integral (PI) control. It is observed from the results that the proposed control scheme outperforms other control schemes in terms of the THD level, having a better steady-state and transient performance.

Introduction: Some of the mother’s risk factors associated with the infant and childhood death wereinvestigated in Bahawalpur. Objective: To have the knowledge of childhood mortality and family formation pattern inBahawalpur. Design: Cross sectional descriptive epidemiological study. Setting: Quaid-e-Azam Medical CollegeBahawalpur. Period: From January to May 2007. Material & Methods: 320 urban women were interviewed forpregnancy histories and their attitude towards family formation were sought. Results: Early marriage, low educationlevel, and high parity were associated with infant deaths. Thirty-seven percent of urban families and 28.5% of ruralfamilies had lost one or more children, usually all in infancy. Generally half of the deaths were caused by infectiousdiseases. Most women preferred a large family and majority of those who had lost children had replaced them. Nodifference were found between urban and rural women regarding attitudes towards child loss and family formationpatterns. Conclusions: Preventive measures should be adopted to control infectious diseases to reduce childrenmortality.