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This two-arm, parallel-group, tooth-randomised, controlled noninferiority clinical trial aimed to compare survival rates between the sealing and restoring of cavitated occlusal carious lesions in dentine [International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) 5] of deciduous molars using resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) and to assess caries progression radiographically. A total of 68 molars with ICDAS 5 occlusal lesions were randomly allocated into two groups, a sealing group (n = 31), in which RMGIC was placed directly over the carious lesion, and a restoration group (n = 37), in which a restoration with the same material was placed after selective caries removal. During the baseline and follow-up visits, dental caries was registered and caries activity was assessed according to a visuotactile criterion. At baseline, patient caries status (dmf-t) and cavity depth and extent (mesiodistal and buccolingual) were measured before RMGIC placement. An independent and blinded examiner evaluated the treated teeth using the USPHS criteria after one and two years. Standardised interproximal radiographs were taken for caries progression assessments. During the follow-up period, no lesion progression was observed radiographically. After one year (n = 60; 27 sealed and 33 restored) and two years (n = 48; 23 sealed and 25 restored) of follow-up, the treatment success rates were 78.8% and 76.0% in the restoration group and 59.3% and 47.8% in the sealing group, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression showed that lesions smaller than 2 mm in the mesiodistal extent were less prone to fail after one year (p = 0.03). However, survival curves (log-rank test) were statistically significantly different only after two years (p

Aim: To evaluate the effect of hydro abrasion versus the conventional drill method of cavity preparation on the clinical performance of composite restoration over one year follow up period. Materials and methods: Twenty patients with occlusal carious lesions were selected and examined with DIAGNO cam and ICDAS visual criteria to select teeth having ICDAS Code 3 or 4. Forty lesions were randomly divided into two groups (n=20) according to the method of caries removal. Cavities were prepared by the conventional drill method in group I and by hydro-abrasion in group II. Cavities of both groups were restored by self-etch adhesive (Adper Easy Bond) and nano- filled composite (Filtek Z350XT). All restorations were evaluated after 24 hours, after 9 and 12 months according to (USPHS) criteria for retention, marginal adaptation, postoperative sensitivity, marginal discoloration, and secondary caries. Results: Mild, moderate - severe and very severe pain was recorded in group I While in group II, only mild pain was recorded in (40%) of cases. The st. analysis of the collected data related to the tested USPHS criteria revealed 100% Alpha scoring regarding retention, marginal adaptation and secondary caries in both groups throughout the study period. The gap width measured under SEM was found increased sig. by time in both groups. Marginal discoloration was observed in the two groups after nine and 12 months. Post-operative hypersensitivity was found only in group I in 100% of cases at the base line and was disappeared during the next follow up period.

Aim To compare the clinical performance of composite restorations placed with a universal adhesive, one-step and two-step self-etch adhesives in class I and II posterior cavities. Materials and methods In this in vivo study, 46 volunteers presenting with at least three carious lesions were included. Each participant received the three restorative systems: universal adhesive/nanofilled composite (Scotchbond Universal/Filtek Z350 XT: SBU/FZXT), one-step self-etch adhesive/microhybrid composite (G-aenial bond/G-aenial Posterior: GB/GP) and the two-step self-etch adhesive/nanohybrid composite (OptiBond XTR/Herculite Ultra: OBX/HU). The adhesives were all placed in self-etch mode. In total, 138 restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6,12 and 36 months using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Data were analysed using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests (p

A paradigm shift in dental caries treatment in paediatric dentistry is viewed towards a wide using of composite resins. This prospective clinical trial are evaluated and compared during 18 months of clinical performance of a microhybrid composite with a nanoceramic resin composite placed in сlass I and II cavities in permanent teeth in children. Thirty one children aged between 7 and 15 years were investigated during this study. About 40 restorations were performed, 50% for each material: a nanoceramic resin composite “Ceram. X Sphere TEC one” and a microhybrid resin composite “Charisma”. The restorations have been estimated by investigators immediately after complete polishing a filling. Clinical evaluation was performed 18 months after replacement by two other investigators using modified USPHS criteria. In addition to hand instruments, a magnifier was used for investigation of the restoration margins. Eighteen fillings with “Ceram. X Sphere TEC one” and 17 fillings with “Charisma” were available. The USPHS parameters were analyzed with the Chi-square test in18 months. The level of significance was p0.5) regarding the clinical performance. Green-Vermillion hygienic index was 1.48. Thirteen children (43.42%) showed satisfactory level of oral hygiene, 10 children (35.71%) demonstrated good level and 7 children (20.87%) – unsatisfactory level. According to the marginal discoloration and surface roughness criteria, there were no significant differences among the restorative materials (p>0.5). Marginal discoloration was seen in children with unsatisfactory oral hygiene that corresponds to the data of recent study. Marginal adaptation rate was 94.95% for nanoceramic, and 82.35% for the microhybrid restorations. The marginal defects recorded had small detectable defects at the enamel margin of the restorations. According to the anatomic form criterion, there were no significant differences among the restorative materials (p>0.5). Postoperative sensitivity of one nanoceramic and two microhybrid restorations was scored as Bravo at baseline examination, but it disappeared by the 18-months evaluation. For color match criterion, the slight differences were observed in microhybrid restoration in 18 months. This shade mismatch was clinically acceptable (Bravo), with no significant differences noted between the materials studied (p>0.5). The nanoceramic and microhybrid composites have provided acceptable clinical performance over 18-months period. The research pertaining to bigger size of a studied sample and longer observation period is considered advisable to ensure the higher clinical success rate of nanoceramic than microhybrid composite in restoration of permanent teeth in children.

The modern era is seeing an incline in dental health issues namely dental caries, missing teeth, etc. causing an increased use of prosthetics to replace the function of such teeth or provide esthetics. This has led to various studies in this field to improve the quality and lifespan of the crowns. An important aspect of this is to consider the cementation process and luting material used, which are crucial in determining the result. A retrospective study was done on patients reporting to Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. A sample size of 1055 was obtained and data tabulated using the Excel sheet. SPSS software was used to analyze the data statistically. Chi-square test was done to evaluate the association between tooth type and cement used, USPHS scores for adaptation, colour match, marginal discoloration and surface roughness. The study revealed that GIC was the most common luting material used which was statistically significant and lower molars were the most involved sites for cementation. The most common USPHS score for adaptation, marginal discoloration and surface roughness for all types of tooth was Score 0. For color match, the most common USPHS score was Score 1.

PurposeIn a combined in vitro/in vivo approach, tunnel vs. box-only resin composite restorations should be evaluated using thermomechanical loading (TML) in vitro and a restrospective clinical trial in vivo.Materials and methodsFor the in vitro part, box-only and tunnel cavities were prepared in 32 extracted human third molars under simulated intraoral conditions in a phantom head. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups (n= 8; 16 box-only/16 tunnel) and received bonded resin composite restorations with Amelogen Plus (box A/tunnel A) or lining with Ultraseal and Amelogen plus (box B/tunnel B) both bonded using PQ1 (all Ultradent). Specimens were subjected to a standardized aging protocol, 1-year water storage (WS) followed by TML (100,000 × 50 N; 2500 × + 5/+ 55 °C). Initially and after aging, marginal qualities were evaluated using replicas at × 200 magnification (SEM). For the corresponding in vivo observational study, 229 patients received 673 proximal resin composite restorations. From 371 tunnel restorations, 205 cavities were filled without flowable lining (tunnel A), and 166 tunnels were restored using UltraSeal as lining (tunnel B). A total of 302 teeth received conventional box-only fillings. Restorations were examined according to modified USPHS criteria during routine recalls up to 5 years of clinical service.ResultsIn vitro, all initial results showed 100% gap-free margins when a flowable lining was used. Tunnels without lining exhibited some proximal shortcomings already before TML and even more pronounced after TML (p< 0.05). After TML, percentages of gap-free margins dropped to 87–90% in enamel with lining and 70–79% without lining (p< 0.05). In vivo, annual failure rates for box-only were 2.2%, for tunnel A 6.1%, and for tunnel B 1.8%, respectively (p< 0.05). Tunnels had significantly more sufficient proximal contact points than box-only restorations (p< 0.05). Flowable lining was highly beneficial for clinical outcome of tunnel-restorations (p< 0.05).ConclusionsWith a flowable lining, tunnel restorations proved to be a good alternative to box-only resin composite restorations.Clinical relevanceClass II tunnel restorations showed to be a viable alternative for box-only restorations, however, only when flowable resin composite was used as adaptation promotor for areas being difficult to access.

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared between effect of heat application on the shear bond strength and microleakage of class I reinforced glass ionomer restorations (EquiaFil Fort, Zirconomer and Resin modified glass ionomer Fuji II LC). Meanwhile, the clinical performance of such materials was assessed. Materials and Methods: Ninety caries free first and second permanent molars were divided into three groups of (30 each) according to the type of the Glass Ionomer Cements used. Each group was further subdivided into three subgroups of (10 each): B1 for no heat application, B2 for 20 sec heat application and B3 for 60 sec heat application. This sample grouping was done twice in shear bond strength and microleakage assessment. A universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength for the specimens, while the microleakage test was examined under stereomicroscope. A total of 20 patients with split mouth design participated in this study. Each patient had two fillings according to the material used (Equia and Zirconomer). Restorations of the teeth were evaluated at the same day (base line), one month, and 6 months and were rated according to the USPHS criteria. Results: all heated groups showed higher shear bond strength and microleakage. For secondary caries, post-operative sensitivity and color match, no statistical significance differences were recorded in the clinical performance of Equia and Zirconomer. Conclusion: Application of heat improves bond strength and microleakage of GICs. The clinical outcome of both Equia and Zirconomer were considered satisfactory after 6 months.

Objective: To compare and assess the application time, retention, marginal staining, development of carious lesion and plaque accumulation of GIOMER based pit and fissure sealants with conventional fluoride releasing pit and fissure sealant in first permanent molars. Study Design: Fifty children in the age range of 6-9 years, following acceptable home dental care, had participated in the study. A randomized split-mouth design was used in which two fissure sealants (Helioseal F and Beautisealant) were randomly placed in 50 harmonizing contralateral duo of permanent first molars. Sealants were gauged by a single skilled and calibrated examiner using mouth mirrors and probes following the USPHS criteria at 3-, 6- and 12-months follow up. Results: Mean application time for Beautisealant was significantly less i.e. 155.39 seconds than that of Helioseal F i.e. 260.91 seconds. The retention rates at 3, 6 and 12 months for Helioseal F was 80.4%, 76.1% and 60.9% and for Beautisealant was 71.7%, 65.2% and 47.8% respectively. Conclusion: Application time of Beautisealant was significantly less than Helioseal F, but Helioseal F demonstrates better retention rate, while both material displayed similarresults for marginal staining, development of carious lesion and plaque accumulation. Keywords: Pit and fissure sealants, Retention, Giomer.

PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical outcomes of monolithic CAD/CAM-fabricated polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) single crowns (SC) after 3 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 34 patients who received 76 single crowns were included in this cohort study. Full-coverage crown preparation with reduced thickness (1.0 to 1.5 mm) was applied. All monolithic PICN SCs (VITA Enamic) were manufactured using a CAD/CAM system and adhesively seated. Clinical follow-up evaluations were performed at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after insertion using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Kaplan-Meier survival and success methods were applied to calculate absolute and relative failures. To determine effects of time and restoration, a mixed logit model was adjusted for the modified USPHS criteria (P < .05). RESULTS PICN SCs revealed an estimated Kaplan-Meier survival rate of 93.9% after 3 years. Four clinically unacceptable fractures occurred, which resulted in replacement of the affected SCs. Neither secondary caries nor debonding were recorded. The 3-year Kaplan-Meier success rate was 92.7%. Significant increases in marginal discoloration (P = .0002) and surface roughness (P < .0001) were noted over time. Color match, anatomical form, and marginal adaptation remained favorable over the given observation period. CONCLUSION PICN CAD/CAM crowns with reduced thickness showed acceptable survival and success rates over a service time of 36 months. However, extended clinical follow-up periods are needed to evaluate the long-term performance.

The study aimed to compare the efficacy of three caries removal techniques-complete caries removal (CCR), selective caries removal (SCR), and stepwise caries removal (SWR)-for deep carious lesions in vital temporary teeth by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Electronic databases (PubMed [MEDLINE], Cochrane Library, EMBASE) were searched for corresponding references up to 31 May 2019. Possible outcomes were pulp exposure, pulpo-periodontal complications, or restorative failures. Three reviewers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using RoB 2. Meta-analyses for intention-to-treat and per-protocol scenarios were performed using Revman5. Of 1374 potentially eligible articles, ten relevant references corresponding to eight studies were included. Pooled results showed decreased risk of pulp exposure after SCR (OR: 0.10, 95% CI [0.04, 0.25]) or SWR (OR: 0.20, 95% CI [0.09, 0.44]), compared with CCR. There was a higher risk of composite restorative failure (OR: 2.61, 95% CI [1.05, 6.49]) using USPHS criteria, after SCR compared with CCR only in intention-to-treat analysis. Risk of clinical or radiographic failure of pulpo-periodontal complications was unchanged when compared with SCR and CCR or SWR. SCR and SWR may result in lower pulp exposure risk than CCR. RCTs with lower risk of bias, higher power, and longer follow-up are required to choose between these three caries removal techniques for deep carious lesions in vital temporary teeth.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival of laminate veneers constructed using a recent polymer-infiltrated ceramic network material following the aesthetic pre-evaluative temporary (APT) technique of tooth preparation in comparison to traditional technique. Six patients received 54 laminate veneers. They were divided into two equal groups (n=27) according to the technique of tooth preparation: group T: traditional technique and group A: aesthetic pre-evaluative temporary technique. VITA ENAMIC material was used for CAD/CAM construction of laminate veneers. Cementation was performed using a light cured resin cement. The laminate veneers were evaluated at baseline, after 3, 6 and 12 months according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteriea. The data was collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed. Secondary caries, endodontic complications, cracks and loss of retention were not noted in any laminate veneer. Extensive fractures were not detected in both study groups through the study period. There was a statistically significant decrease of color match criteria between the two groups at the 6 and 12 months recalls. Based on this study, both preparation techniques resulted in successful clinical performance. After 12 months, all the veneers in both groups showed no post-operative sensitivity and all patients were highly satisfied regarding their veneers. However, there was a deterioration in color match criteria through the study period in both study groups. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sobrevivência de facetas laminadas construídas utilizando um material recente de rede de cerâmica impregnada de polímero, seguindo a técnica estética pré-avaliadora temporária (APT) de preparação de dentes em comparação com a técnica tradicional. Seis pacientes receberam 54 facetas de laminados. Foram divididos em dois grupos iguais (n=27) de acordo com a técnica de preparação do dente: grupo T: técnica tradicional e grupo A: técnica temporária pré-avaliativa estética. O material VITA ENAMIC foi utilizado para a construção de facetas de CAD/CAM de laminados. A cimentação foi realizada utilizando um cimento de resina fotopolimerizável. Os laminados foram avaliados na linha de base, após 3, 6 e 12 meses de acordo com os critérios modificados do Serviço de Saúde Pública dos Estados Unidos (USPHS). Os dados foram recolhidos, tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Cáries secundárias, complicações endodônticas, fissuras e perda de retenção não foram observadas em nenhuma faceta laminada. Não foram detectadas fraturas extensas em ambos os grupos de estudo durante o período do estudo. Verificou-se uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa dos critérios de correspondência de cor entre os dois grupos nos 6 e 12 meses. Com base neste estudo, ambas as técnicas de preparação resultaram num desempenho clínico bem sucedido. Após 12 meses, todos os laminados de ambos os grupos não mostraram qualquer sensibilidade pós-operatória e todos os pacientes ficaram altamente satisfeitos com os seus laminados. No entanto, houve uma deterioração dos critérios de correspondência de cor durante o período de estudo em ambos os grupos de estudo.

The rapid development of dental industry and constant improvement of technologies in production of basic dental materials contribute to the increase of the quality of rendering dental care with the obligatory consideration not only of functional but also aesthetic parameters during a patient's rehabilitation. However, there is still no precise indication for the use of metal-free structures for the qualitative and durable aesthetic restoration of the frontal group of teeth, white-pink aesthetics and prosthetic rehabilitation, taking into account changes in the parameter of biological width of the tooth and aesthetic criteria. The aim of the research is to improve the effectiveness of treatment of frontal group teeth with discoloration using direct and indirect restorations by evaluating and comparing the quality of restorations. Research materials and methods. For clinical substantiation and comparison of direct and indirect ceramic restorations with classical fixation and the proposed method of fixation on the heated composite, 90 patients with discoloration and defects of the crown of the front teeth, aged 18 to 65 years, were examined and treated. A comparative evaluation was carried out one year after the restoration was completed. The distribution of patients into clinical groups was as follows: the first group – patients who were treated by direct restorations, performed with light- polymer restorative material Estet X HD (Dentsply) (50 patients, 125 restorations); the second group embraced patients, treated with indirect ceramic restorations manufactured by the method of pressing high temperature ceramics (IPS Emax). The latter group was in turn divided into two subgroups, depending on the treatment method: 2A – patients with indirect fixation by conventional methods on the Dentsply dual-cure composite of Calibra production (20 patients, 70 veneers) and 2B - patients with fixation treated on the heated composite Gradia Direct by GC production (20 patients, 55 veneers). In order to evaluate the quality of prosthetics in patients with direct and indirect ceramic restorations (veneers) it has been determined the status of these restorations using the modified USPHS (United States Public Health Service; Ryge, G., 1980, 1981) criteria for the frontal teeth group. The obtained results were processed by the method of variational statistics using Student's test. Research results. During the clinical evaluation of direct restorations using the modified USPHS criteria for the frontal teeth group, the following complications were identified: tooth sensitivity was present in 5.6% of teeth, fractures, cracks, chips – in 20 restorations (16%); discrepancy between the color of restoration and the color of natural teeth – in 30 restorations (24%); the presence of defects in the texture of the surface – 30 teeth (24%). Impaired marginal adaptation was in 32 restorations, which amounted to 25.6%; loss of restoration gloss – in 66,4%, the presence of secondary caries – in 17 teeth (13,6%); deficiency of occlusal contact –in 13 restorations (10.4%), of approximate contact – in 17 restorations (3.6%). A detailed analysis of the condition of indirect restorations and clinical complications in the second group showed that the most common defects are impairment of marginal adaptation – 16 veneers (12.8%), impairment of the integrity of veneers due to fractures, cracks, chips – 6 (4.8%), inconsistency of color – 13 veneers (10.4%), the presence of surface texture defects – 0, secondary caries – 3 teeth (2.4%), the position of fixing cement – 4 veneers (3.2%). Impaired occlusal contact was observed in 1 tooth (8.8%). No changes in approximate contacts were detected. The total number of complications was 17%, which indicates the need to find the optimization approaches to treatment with these structures. Comparison of the status of indirect restorations, depending on the method of fixation by subgroups showed that the impaired integrity of veneers due to fractures, cracks, chips in subgroup 2A was detected in 4 teeth (5.7%), and in the subgroup 2B – in 2 teeth (3.6%). Color change in group 2A was observed in 12 teeth (17.1%), in group 2B – in 3 teeth (5.5%). Disorders of marginal adaptation in group 2A were observed in 12 teeth (17.1%), in group 2B – in 4 teeth (6.6%). Secondary caries was observed on 2 teeth (2.9%) in group 2A and in one patient in group 2B (1.8%). According to the criteria for evaluating the state of indirect ceramic restorations and recommended follow-up professional actions, the following estimates were established: 28% of restorations in the first group, 55.7% of restorations in group 2A, 85.5% of restorations in group 2B received an “excellent” rating; 33.6% of restorations in the first group, 25.7% in group 2A, 5.5% in group 2B received a “good” rating; a “satisfactory” rating was obtained by 11.2% of restorations in the first group, 11.7% in group 2A, 5.4% in group 2B. In the first group, 27.2% of restorations needed immediate replacement, 11.4% – in the second and 3.6% – in the third group. The total score for the first group was 3.87±0.07, for 2A – 4.26±0.12, p.05, for group 2B – 4.73±0,1, p1˂p,05, p2˂0,05. Conclusion. Thus, our studies of direct and indirect restorations after one year of use showed that the highest level of quality was observed in the group where indirect restorations (veneers) were manufactured, which were fixed on the heated Gradia Direct composite by GC production. The obtained results are confirmed by the statistical analysis. To evaluate the quality and duration of using direct and indirect structures with different types of fixation, it is advisable to carry out a long-term monitoring for up to 10 years.

WOS: 000488851900004 PubMed ID: 31579892 Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the 1 year clinical performances of a self-adhering flowable composite and a commercially available self-etch adhesive/composite system in occlusal restorations of primary second molars. Patients and Methods Thirty-one patients (10 male, 21 female) were recruited into the study. A total of 62 occlusal cavities were restored with either a universal composite or a self-adhering flowable composite according to manufacturers' instructions. The restorations were clinically evaluated 1 month after placement as baseline, and after 3, 6 months and 1 year post-operatively using modified USPHS criteria by two operators. Results Lack of retention was not observed in any of the restorations. With respect to color match, marginal adaptation, secondary caries and surface texture, no significant differences were found between two restorative materials tested after 1 year. None of the restorations had marginal discoloration and anatomic form loss on the 1 year follow-up. Restorations did not exhibit post-operative sensitivity at any evaluation period. Conclusion The clinical assessment of self-adhering flowable composite exhibited good clinical results with predominating alpha scores after 1 year. Advantage of the application convenience for children is promising for self-adhered flowable composite materials in pediatric use.

The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the performance of a universal adhesive with different adhesive strategies in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) over a 36-month period. One hundred sixty-five NCCLs in 35 patients (13 female, 22 male) with at least 3 lesions each were included in this study. Three groups were formed according to the adhesive strategy used (n = 55): selective-etch mode, etch-and-rinse mode, or self-etch mode of a universal adhesive, Single Bond Universal. The same nanofilled resin composite, Filtek Ultimate, was used for all restorations by a single operator. The restorations were evaluated by two calibrated examiners at baseline and at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months in accordance with the modified USPHS criteria. The chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison and Cochran’s Q test for intragroup comparison (∝ = 5%). At 36 months, the recall rate was 98.1% and three restorations, one from each group, had failed because of retention loss (P > 0.05). The self-etch mode group showed 17 bravo scores for both marginal staining and marginal adaptation after 3 years, which was significantly different from the selective-etch and etch-and-rinse groups (P

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of a glass hybrid restorative compared with a nano-ceramic composite resin in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) of patients with bruxism.Twenty-five patients with NCCLs and bruxism were enrolled in the present study. Before treatment, the dimensions of the NCCLs (depth, cervico-incisal height, and mesio-distal width) and internal angles were measured. Degree of tooth wear (TWI) and gingival conditions were recorded. A total of 148 NCCLs were randomly restored with a glass hybrid restorative system (GH) (Equia Forte Fil, GC, Tokyo, Japan) or a nano-ceramic composite resin (RBC) (Ceram.X One Universal, Dentsply, DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany). The restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months according to the modified USPHS criteria. Data were analyzed with Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact, Mann-Whitney U, and Cochran's Q tests (P 0.05).At the 24-month recall, 126 restorations in 22 patients were evaluated. The recall rate was 88.0%. No significant difference was found between the materials for retention (P = 0.285), and no relationships were found between internal angle, depth, cervico-incisal height, or mesio-distal width and retention of the restorations (P 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the materials for marginal adaptation (P = 0.002), but no relationships were found among depth, cervico-incisal height, and mesio-distal width and marginal adaptation (P 0.05). RBC showed better results for marginal adaptation. Between marginal adaptation, TWI, and the gingival index, correlations were significant (P 0.001, P = 0.002). A significant change was found in marginal discoloration in GH and RBC over time (P = 0.039 and P = 0.004, respectively). Neither secondary caries nor tooth sensitivity was observed on any of the restorations at any evaluation.Although nano-ceramic RBC showed better marginal adaptation than GH, both tested restoratives showed clinically acceptable performance for the restoration of NCCLs of patients with bruxism after 24 months of clinical service.This study is registered on http://clinicaltrials.gov under protocol record KA-16020, Clinical Performance of a Glass Hybrid Restorative in NCCL's of Patients With Bruxism.

Objectives In this randomized split-mouth clinical trial the survival rate and quality of survival of indirect resin composite and ceramic laminate veneers were evaluated. Methods A total of 48 indirect resin composite (Estenia; n = 24) and ceramic laminate veneers (IPS Empress Esthetic; n = 24) were placed on maxillary anterior teeth. Veneer preparations with incisal overlap were performed using a mock up technique. Survival of the restoration was considered the primary outcome measure and reported using Kaplan-Meier statistics and survival curves compared by means of Log Rank (Mantel-Cox) test. After luting, restorations were evaluated by calibrated operators at baseline and every year thereafter, using modified USPHS criteria and compared by means of Mann-Whitney U test. Results In total, 6 failures were observed, consisting of debonding (n = 3) and fracture (n = 3), all in the group of the indirect resin composite laminate veneers. Cumulative chance on survival after 10 years of the indirect resin composite and ceramic veneers was 75% (se 3,8%) and 100% respectively (p = 0.013). Of the surviving 42 laminate veneers, the variables ‘color match’ (p = 0.002), ‘surface roughness’ (p = 0.000), ‘fracture of the restoration’ (p = 0.028), and ‘wear of the restoration’ (p = 0.014), were significantly less favourable among the composite laminate veneers as well. Conclusions The ceramic veneers on maxillary anterior teeth in this study performed significantly better compared to the composite indirect laminate veneers after a decade, both in terms of survival rate and in terms of quality of the surviving restorations. Clinical Relevance When indicated, anterior ceramic laminate veneers may be preferred over indirect composite laminate veneers.

Aim. To conduct a clinical assessment of short- and long-term surface sealing in patients having a different hygienic status of the oral cavity.Materials and methods. For clinical trials, a group of 250 male and female patients aged 25–45 years old and diagnosed with Black’s class III and V carious lesions was selected. All patients were divided into three groups depending on the state of oral hygiene and the applied methods of aesthetic restoration: control group — defect restoration by Filtek Z-250 microhybrid composite (3M ESPE); comparison group — Filtek Z-250 restoration (3M ESPE) + Easy Glaze (Voco) surface sealing on the day of restoration; and the main group with three subgroups: 2α subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment; 2β subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment and re-sealing with a frequency of 1 time per year; 2γ subgroup — Restavrin restoration + Easy Glaze sealant on the day of treatment and re-sealing with a frequency of 1 time per 6 months. The quality of caries cavities was assessed by USPHS criteria, including anatomical shape (AS), marginal pigmentation (MP), marginal adaptation (MA), the presence of secondary caries (SC) and sensitivity (S). The evaluation was conducted on the day of the visit and following 6, 12 and 24 months.Results. A comparison of the clinical evaluation of photocomposite restorations by the Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE) microhybrid composite in the control group of patients, in comparison group and in the main Restavrin (Technodent) group showed that the Easy Glaze (Voco) surface sealing of the Restavrin composite restorations carried out in the 2α subgroup of the main group onе time on the day of restoration, in the 2β subgroup with re-sealing after 12 months, and in the 2γ subgroup with sealing every 6 months had allowed the maximum number of restorations to be corresponded to the “satisfactory” value according to the AS, MP, MA, SC, S evaluation criteria throughout the entire observation period.Conclusion. The Restavrin (Technodent, Russia) polymeric nanohybrid fi lling material is shown to produce the most effective and durable restorations compared to other materials under study. The applicatiyon of Restavrin followed by the Easy Glaze (Voco) sealing protective system with a frequency dependent on the hygienic status of the oral cavity allows therapeutic methods for dentin caries treatment to be optimized.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical performance of zirconia-veneered crowns after different surface treatment of zirconia frameworks named as; no surface treatment, sandblasting, silicatization (CoJetTM sand) , Selective infiltration etching (SIE) and the novel acids mixture.Materials and methods: A total of 50 patients of age ranged from 20 to 35 years were presented with root canal-treated molar teeth that needed post-retained restorative treatment. They were divided into 5 groups according to surface treatment of zirconia frameworks (10cases each); Group S1: Zirconia frameworks received no surface treatment. Group S2: Zirconia frameworks received sandblasting with 110µm aluminum oxide airborne particle abrasives.GroupS3: Zirconia frameworks received CoJet sand surface treatment. Group S4: Zirconia frameworks received selective infiltration etching surface treatment. Group S5: Zirconia frameworks received a specially formulated mixture of hydrofluoric acid (HF 9 wt%) and nitric acid (HNO3 26 wt%) at a ratio of (4:1) for 5 min. All Zirconia frameworks received IPS e.max Ceram veneering porcelain. They received all ceramic zirconia based single crowns using Cerec in-Lab CAD/CAM technology for designing and milling zirconia frameworks. Teeth preparation was performed to achieve 2mm occlusal clearance, 1.5mm axial reduction and 1mm rounded shoulder subgingival finish line. Secondary impression was taken for each case using addition silicone rubber base impression material and poured using special reflective cerec stone (CAM Base) to facilitate scanning of the preparation using the in-Lab extra oral scanner “inEos”. 3D virtual models were obtained that were used for designing zirconia frameworks. Then, milling of zirconia blocks were performed using inLab Cerec 3 milling machine to obtain zirconia frameworks followed by sintering procedures for the zirconia frameworks. After try in of sintered zirconia frameworks in the patient’s mouth, they received different types of surface treatment. After that, porcelain build up was conducted by layering technique. All ceramic zirconia based crowns were then cemented using dual-cured resin cement (Multilink Auto Mix) and were subjected to a period of 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 months clinical observation according to the modified USPHS criteria for indirect restorations, where prosthodontic results were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using a commercially available software program (SPSS 19; SPSS, Chicago, IL, USA). Values were presented as number and percentages. Chi square test was used to compare categorical data.The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: It was found that at 6 months, score A was recorded in all specimens of IPS e.max Ceram, with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=1). At 12 months, score A was recorded in all specimens, with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=1). At 18 months, score A was recorded in 100% specimens of CoJet and acid mixture surface treatment, in 90% of specimens of no treatment and in 80% of specimens of sandblasting and SIE; with no statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.815). At 24 months, score A was recorded in 80% specimens of sandblasting, CoJet and acid mixture surface treatment, in 66.7% of specimens of no treatment and in 22.2% of SIE; with a statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.045). At 30 months, score A was recorded in 80% specimens of sandblasting, 88.9% CoJet and 77.8% of acid mixture surface treatment, in 44.5% of specimens of no treatment and in 11.1% of SIE; with a statistically significant difference between different surface treatments (p=0.0024). Conclusions: (1) In all cases, the tested systems showed chipping of the comparable low-strength veneering ceramic but no fracture of the high-strength core or the natural tooth in clinical cases. (2) The treatment of the surface zirconia framework with Cojet system was able to maintain acceptable clinical performance at 24 months and 30 months recall periods. However, the other surface treatments showed lesser performance. (3)No direct correlation between zirconia framework surface treatments and long term bonding to veneering ceramic could be addressed; however, it could be multifactorial such as lack of proper framework support, internal defects, direction, magnitude and frequency of the applied load as well as the residual stresses induced by processing.

Definitive restorative management of young permanent molars affected with severe MIH is still elusive with a dearth of conservative restorative options. The present trial compared the 36 months clinical and radiographic performance of minimally invasive cast metal and indirect resin onlays for rehabilitation of permanent first molars affected with severe MIH. In this parallel group open label randomised trial, 42 vital molars affected with severe MIH in 30 children, aged 8–13 years were randomly allocated using stratified permuted block randomization to receive either a cast metal onlay or an indirect composite onlay (n = 21 each). Clinical and radiographic evaluations of these onlays were carried out at 9, 18 and 36 months using the USPHS criteria. Cumulative survival rate as well as the calculated clinical success rates of both types of onlays were also determined. The longevity of onlays was assessed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. At 36 months, overall retention rate was found to be 95% with complete elimination of any pre-existing sensitivity. Cumulative survival rates were found to be 95% vs. 100%, p = 0.67, while the calculated clinical success rates were 90% and 85.7% for metal and resin onlays, respectively, with no significant differences (p = 0.76). Mean survival rates based on Kaplan–Meier analysis were determined to be 85% vs. 100% for the metal and composite groups, respectively (p = 0.075). Irrespective of the type of material used, onlays offer a predictable and conservative restorative alternative for molars affected with severe MIH. The trial is registered under Clinical Trial Registry India (CTRI/2016/10/007379).

To evaluate the clinical outcomes of resin composite CAD/CAM restorations in a prospective cohort study, and to assess patient and operator satisfaction after restoration placement, 59 indirect resin composite were placed by supervised undergraduate students, of which 43 restorations were followed over a mean period of 28 months (14–44 months) and evaluated using USPHS criteria. Patient and operator satisfaction levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS) after restoration placement. A total of 37 patients and 47 restorations were included for further study. Four teeth were extracted—three due to extensive drug-induced secondary caries in the same patient, and one tooth due to large periapical periodontitis after 44 months of service. The overall survival rate was 91.4%, and success rate was 87.2%. Differences between baseline and endpoint scores were significant for marginal discoloration (p &lt, 0.05) and adaptation (p &lt, 0.001). Color match (p &lt, 0.05) and surface texture (p &lt, 0.001) differed significantly, affecting all restoration types. VAS scores for patient and operator satisfaction showed a significant rank correlation (p &lt, 0.01), and pairwise comparison showed significant differences for mean overall patient and operator VAS scores (p &lt, 0.001). Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM may be considered a suitable material for overlays and endocrown restorations when combined with IDS, air abrasion, and MDP-containing adhesive systems. Marginal disintegration may present in inlays and onlays over time.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the one-year clinical performance of lithium disilicate (LD) and zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) class II inlay restorations. Thirty healthy individuals who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. The patients were randomly divided into two study groups (n = 15): LD (IPS e.max press) and ZrO2 (Dentcare Zirconia). In the ZrO2 group, the internal surfaces of the inlays were sandblasted and silanized with Monobond N (Ivoclar, Leichsteistein, Germany). In the LD group, the internal surfaces of the inlays were etched with 5% hydrofluoric acid. The ceramic inlays were cemented with self-cure resin cement (Multilink N). Clinical examinations were performed using modified United State Public Health Codes and Criteria (USPHS) after 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 months and 1 year. The one-year survival rate was evaluated. In total, one failure was observed in the ZrO2 group. The survival probability after 1 year for the ZrO2 inlays was 93%, and for the LD inlays was 100%, which was statistically insignificant. The differences between both groups for most USPHS criteria (except for colour match) were statistically insignificant. Within the imitations of the present study, the lithium disilicate- and zirconia dioxide-based inlays exhibited comparable clinical performances. However, the colour and translucency match was superior for the lithium disilicate restorations.

The purpose of this multicenter clinical study was to compare the mid-term clinical effectiveness of direct resin composite restorations using one-step or two-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs or 2-SEAs). In total, 352 restorations of class I–V cavities and non-carious cervical lesions in vital teeth (1-SEAs; 52 cases, 2-SEAs; 300 cases) were placed at nine university hospitals and evaluated according to the modified USPHS criteria at baseline, and after 1, 2, and 3 years. The recall rates were 86.6% (1 year), 80.1% (2 years), and 62.2% (3 years). Two restorations failed due to fracture during the follow-up, and there was no significant difference in survival rates between 1-SEAs (97.6%) and 2-SEAs (99.4%). However, 2-SEAs exhibited significantly lower occurrences of discoloration, marginal discoloration, fracture, and plaque retention. Moreover, the subjects reported a significantly lower postoperative hypersensitivity and higher overall satisfaction at all evaluation periods if 2-SEAs were used.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess patient satisfaction, gross fracture and marginal adaptation of e.max press endocrowns versus e.max press crowns retained with Fiber reinforced composite post (FRCP) and core in upper anterior teeth. Material and methods: The present study included 24 patients seeking root canal treatment in anterior upper arch. The patients received root canal treatment (RCT) then they were randomly assigned into two groups (n=12). The first group received preparation for the IPS e.max crowns retained with FRCP and core and the second group received preparation for the IPS e.max endocrowns. Press technique was used for the fabrication of both restorations using IPS e.max press ingots. Marginal integrity and gross fracture were evaluated using USPHS criteria and a questionnaire was conducted to evaluate patient satisfaction. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 23.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Results: There was no statistical significant difference regarding gross fracture of both groups after 12 months (p-value = 0.093, Effect size = 0.447), meanwhile; group 1 was statistically significantly higher than group 2 regarding marginal integrity (p-value = 0.037, Effect size = 0.513). Regarding patient satisfaction FRCP and core group showed statistical significant higher satisfaction than endocrown group (p-value = 0.047, Effect size = 0.447). Conclusion: E.max press endocrowns revealed successful performance similar to e.max press crowns retained with FRCP in terms of gross fracture, however better marginal adaptation and patient satisfaction was obtained with e.max press crowns retained with FRC post and core group. Keywords Anterior teeth; Endocrown; Endodontically treated teeth; Fiber Post; E.max.

This study aims to compare the performance of a bulk-fill and a nanofill resin composite in class II restorations after 6 years.Fifty patients having at least two class II carious lesions were recruited for the study. One lesion in each patient was randomly assigned to be restored using either the Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill (TB) or Filtek Ultimate (FU) resin composites with their respective adhesives. One hundred four restorations were placed by two calibrated operators. Restorations were evaluated at baseline and annually over the course of 6 years by two examiners using modified USPHS criteria. Data were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square and Cochran Q tests (p 0.05).Sixty-six restorations in 33 patients were evaluated after 6 years. Only one restoration was lost from FU group at 5 years. At the end of 6 years, marginal discoloration was observed in three (9.1%) TB and eight (36.4%) FU restorations creating a significant difference between the groups (p 0.05). The FU group showed a significant increase in marginal discoloration at 6 years from the baseline (p 0.05). Marginal adaptation was rated as Bravo for 9.1% and 24.2% of TB and FU restorations, respectively (p 0.05). Significant degradation was observed within each group in terms of marginal adaptation (p 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups for the other criteria tested (p 0.05).Bulk-fill restorations performed better for marginal discoloration. The remaining clinical performance criteria of bulk-fill and nanofill resin composite restorations were similar after 6 years.Bulk-fill resin might be a better alternative to incrementally placed restorative in terms of marginal discoloration under clinical conditions.

Objective: T o compare the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with resin-modified glass-ionomer cement (RMGIC) in deciduous molars using rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation . Material and Methods: Ninety-two patients were included and 200 deciduous molars with cavitated occlusal or occlusoproximal dentin caries lesions were randomized into two groups: cotton rolls (n = 100) and rubber dam (n = 100) and RMGIC restorations were placed. At baseline and in the follow-up visit, presence, severity and activity of caries lesions were registered. Two independent, blinded examiners evaluated the treated teeth clinically using the USPHS criteria and radiographically after 9 months. Descriptive analysis, survival curve (log-rank test) and Cox regression were performed to assess risk factors related to failure. Results: Out of the 179 teeth (92 cotton rolls group and 87 rubber dam group) evaluated at 9-month follow-up period. No lesion progression was observed radiographically. The overall treatment success rate was 85.47% (83.47% for cotton rolls and 87.35 rubber dam group). No significant difference between isolation methods was observed in the log-rank test (p = 0.16). Cox regression showed no risk factors related to failure . Conclusion: No difference was found in the survival of occlusal and occlusal-proximal restorations performed with RMGIC in deciduous molars using a rubber dam and cotton rolls isolation after a 9-month follow-up period.

This randomized, double-blind clinical trial, , evaluated the behavior of two universal adhesives used in etch-and-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE) approach in non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs).Two hundred and eleven NCCLs were selected in 54 participants and randomly allocated into four experimental groups: Scotchbond Universal Adhesive - SBU (3M Oral Care) and PrimeBond Elect - PB (Dentsply Sirona) used in ER and SE modes. Two trained operators placed all resin composite restorations (Filtek Z250, 3M Oral Care). Restorations were evaluated at baseline and after 6 months using both FDI and USPHS modified criteria by a blinded calibrated examiner. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U non-parametric tests were used to compare the restoration failures among experimental groups.Statistically significant differences were found among groups regarding failures (p=0.000 for both FDI and USPHS criteria). PB-SE presented more failures (p0.05) than other experimental groups. No significant difference was found between any other pair of groups (p0.05).The etch and rinse approach affected the clinical performance of Prime and Bond Elect. For this material, the self-etch approach generated lower criteria scores after a six-month follow-up. The bonding strategy did not influence Scotchbond Universal Adhesive clinical performance. (RBR-2GQMVF) CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The clinical behavior of mild universal adhesive PrimeBond Elect depends on the bonding strategy. The etch-and-rinse approach is recommended for this adhesive system. Scotchbond Universal Adhesive can be used in both bonding strategies without impairing clinical performance.

Rationale,aims and objectives:The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the clinical 1 year follow-up of silica and flouroapatite reinforced glass carbomer filling material.Materials and Methods:In this study, total of 100 restorations were performed.All cavities were prepared conventionally.Half of the restorations were restored with nano composite resin (TEP) (Tokuyama Estelite, Tokuyama Dental, Japan) and the other half were restored with glass carbomer material (GC) (GCP Dental, The Netherlands). Each restorative material was applied according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Restorations were evaluated with modified USPHS criteria at the end of the first week, 6 months and 12 months.Data were analyzed using Fisher’s Exact Chi-Square test, Fisher Freeman Halton Test and Continuity (Yates) Correction.Wilcoxon sign test was used for intra-group comparisons of the parameters.Statistically significance was evaluated at p

The aim of the study was to compare the 36-month clinical performances of a micro-hybride resin based composites (RBC) and a type II resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) in the treatment of cervical caries lesions.Thirty-three patients (23 females, 10 males) with at least two cervical caries lesions participated in this study. A total of 110 restorations were randomly placed, half using RBC (Spectrum TPH3, Dentsply Sirona) with respective adhesive system (PrimeBond NT, Dentsply Sirona) the other half using the RMGIC (Riva Light Cure, SDI, Bayswater, Victoria, Australia). Restorations were assessed at baseline, and after 6, 12, 18, 24 and 36 months using modified USPHS criteria. The data were analyzed statistically (p 0.05).Recall rate was 90.91% at 36 months. Of the RBC lesions 84.3% (n = 43) and of the RMGIC restorations 92.2% (n = 47) were fully retained at 36 months. There was no significant difference between two materials in terms of retention and marginal adaptation (p 0.05). No relation was found between caries activity, cavity dimensions and marginal adaptation (p 0.05) but RMGIC restorations showed significantly more discoloration than RBC restorations after 36 months (p 0.001).Considering the middle-term outcomes, both materials showed clinically successful performance in the treatment of cervical caries lesions.

Objectives: the aim of this study was to provide a retrospective clinical evaluation of direct composite veneers performed with microfilled or universal composites, through two evaluation criteria (FDI and USPHS). Materials and methods: patients should be in compliance with the inclusion criteria: having a composite veneer in anterior teeth made either with microfilled or universal using composites (microhybrid/nanohybrid), conventional dentin-bonding agents and for a minimum of 6 months period in service. A calibrated blind examiner assessed the veneers using the FDI and USPHS criteria and the results were subjected to statistical analysis by the Mann-Whitney test (p

This randomized clinical trial evaluated the survival of direct restorations on first permanent molars (FPMs) with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its impact on self-reported dental pain and dental anxiety. FPMs with MIH of 35 patients aged 7 to 16 years were included. The FPMs were randomized into the following two groups: total-etch (TE—37% phosphoric acid etching) and self-etch (SE—no prior etching). The FPMs were restored with universal adhesive and bulk-fill resin composites. The restoration survival was evaluated according to USPHS criteria modified by a blinded examiner. Dental anxiety (Venham picture test) and dental pain (Faces pain scale—revised) were evaluated before treatment and at 1, 6, and 12 months post-treatment. Survival rates were analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Nonparametric tests compared pain and anxiety in the follow-up periods. A total of 64 FPMs were restored (TE = 33; SE = 31). Survival rates were 96.9% (TE) and 96.7% (SE) after 1 month, 90.5% (TE) and 80.6% (SE) after 6 months, and 80.8% (TE) and 62.3% (SE) after 12 months (p > 0.05). Self-reported dental pain and anxiety level decreased after treatment in both groups (p

Aim : This study aimed to assess the clinical performance and to evaluate in-vitro microleakagein class II in mandibular second primary molars restored with three esthetic restorative materials.Materials and Methods: In the clinical part of the study, sixty second mandibular molarsindicated for class II preparation were divided into three equal groups. Molars were restored withthree esthetic restorative materials according to manufacturer instructions as follows: group (1)Compomer (Dyract), group (2) Giomer (Beautifil) and group (3) Carbomer (GCP Glass Fill).Molars were evaluated clinically every 3 months for one year using modified USPHS Criteria. In thein-vitro part of the study thirty second mandibular molars were collected and divided in three equalgroups. Molars were restored as in the clinical groups and sealed at root apices. Samples weresubjected to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5˚C/ 55˚C) and immersed in methylene blue dye for 24hours at 37°C. Specimens were sectioned mesio-distally and evaluated for microleakage by meansof dye penetration scoring under stereomicroscope. Data were recorded and analyzed statistically.Results:· Compomer and Giomer groups showed statistically significant clinical success thanthe Carbomer group according to USPHS criteria.· Microleakage at the gingival margin in all groups was statistically significantly higherthan at the occlusal surfaces.· Compomer and Giomer showed the least microleakage scores in Class II cavitypreparations.· Microleakage was statistically higher in Carbomer (GCP Glass Fill) group.Conclusions: When esthetics and durability are of prime importance, compomer and Giomerserve as advocated esthetic restorative materials in class II in primary molars.

Assess calcium silicate cement (Biodentine™) vs. glass ionomer cement (Fuji IX™, control) as indirect pulp capping (IPC) materials in patients with reversible pulpitis after a 2-year follow-up. Evaluate the integrity of the overlying resin composite restorations using modified USPHS criteria and FDI criteria. Investigate the sensitivity of the modified USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the restorations. Seventy-two restorations (36 Biodentine™, 36 Fuji IX™) were placed randomly in 53 patients. Periapical radiographs were taken at pre-treatment (T0), 12-month (T12), and 24-month (T24) review. Restorations were assessed using the modified USPHS and FDI criteria at T12 and T24. At 24 months, 15 teeth had failed to maintain vitality (6 Biodentine™, 9 Fuji IX™). Clinical success rate of IPC for both materials was 72% and is related to the intensity of reversible pulpitis symptoms. No difference was found between T12 and T24 in the periapical (PA) radiographs and in the integrity of the resin composite restorations overlying Biodentine™ compared to Fuji IX™. There was no difference in the efficacy of the USPHS criteria compared to the FDI criteria in the assessment of the resin composite restorations. Biodentine™ and Fuji IX™ were clinically effective when used as IPC materials in teeth with reversible pulpitis at T24. Resin composite restorations overlying both materials performed well at T24. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria is equally efficient at T24; however, longer term follow-up is needed to establish whether there are sensitivity differences between these assessment criteria. Teeth with deep carious lesions approaching the pulp and with signs of reversible pulpitis can be treated successfully by indirect pulp capping using either Biodentine™ or Fuji IX™. Using the USPHS or FDI criteria to assess restorations is equally effective at 2 years. NCT02201641