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Objective: This study determined the effect of herbal drinks (Moringa, turmeric, and lemongrass) on uterine involution in post-partum women at the Tuminting Regional Health Center, Manado City. Materials and methods: This experiment used a "posttest control group design." The experimental group was given special treatment, including Moringa, Turmeric, and Lemongrass herbal drinks or Saraba Keke in sachet powder drinks by pouring hot water 150 ml/cc twice daily for 14 days. Meanwhile, the control group was given treatment as usual (conventional). After being given treatment, both groups had their uterine fundus height measured on day 3, day 7, and day 14, and then compared. For data analysis in this work, the paired t-test used. Results: The age of respondents in the intervention group was 20-35 years, which was 95%. Most respondents were parity 2, about 46% in the control group. The average uterine fundus height of post-partum mothers on day 7 in the intervention group was 5.1940, while in the control group, it was 6.019; and on day 14 in the intervention group, the height of the uterine fundus was no longer palpable, while in the control group, it was still 0.4460. Conclusion: A mixed herbal drink of Moringa, Turmeric, and Lemongrass was effective in accelerating uterine involution in post-partum women and no side effects were reported during the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of three substances with ecbolic activity, Oxytocin, Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and Scopolamine, on the uterine involution process in dairy cows and on the resumption of ovarian activity. Eighty bovine were randomly divided in four groups: GROUP C: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 5 mL/head of saline solution; GROUP PG: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 150 µg/head of d-cloprostenol; GROUP OX: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 50 IU/head of oxytocin acetate; GROUP S: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 40 mg/q Scopolamine Butylbromide. Each cow was subjected to blood samples to evaluate the Hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, at T0, within 24 h after calving, and T7, T14, T28, 7, 14, and 28 days after calving, respectively. At T14 and T28, an ultrasound examination was performed to measure the diameter of expregnant horn. In all cows, the reproductive indices (days to first service and number of artificial insemination for conception) were evaluated. In all groups, the HYP concentrations have been rising from T0 to T28, with the maximum levels obtained at T28 in the groups PG and S. As regard the diameter of uterine horn, the comparison among the groups showed significant differences only at T28, with lower values in the group PG and S. In group S and PG, the days to first service were less than other groups. Treatment with Scopolamine and PGF2α resulted in better outcomes, evidenced clinically by more efficient uterine involution and faster ovarian recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the impact of parity on tissue mobilisation, metabolic response, oxidative stress and reproductive tract traits during the peripartum period. Nineteen goats with singleton pregnancies were grouped into nine nulliparous (NU) and 10 multiparous (MU). The animals were followed from the fifth week before delivery to the fourth week after delivery. Does, kids and milk production were weighed; the loin muscle depth area, subcutaneous loin, kidney fat thicknesses, size of the uterus and haemodynamics of the uterine artery were measured by ultrasound. Placenta was weighed and the cotyledons were counted and measured. Plasma was assayed for total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT), glutathione peroxidase and β-hydroxybutyrate. MU showed a greater live weight loss (+8%) and longer period of body mass loss (+12 days). Milk production was higher in MU and their kids were heavier at birth with greater weight gain. No differences in the effect of parity were found for uterine diameter and placental weight, while the NU goats had a larger cotyledonary surface. Additionally, MU goats had higher levels of glucose, GPT, GGT, cholesterol, total protein and glutathione peroxidase. In MU females, there was a greater muscle mass mobilisation throughout the peripartum period and a superior replacement of adipose tissue after delivery (+1.3 mm). Therefore, MU females appear to have better tissue mobilisation and productive performance dynamics, although parity does not affect uterine involution in goats.

The aim of the study was to compare the effect of three substances with ecbolic activity, Oxytocin, Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and Scopolamine, on the uterine involution process in dairy cows and on the resumption of ovarian activity. Eighty bovine were randomly divided in four groups: GROUP C: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 5 mL/head of saline solution; GROUP PG: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 150 μg/head of d-cloprostenol; GROUP OX: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 50 IU/head of oxytocin acetate; GROUP S: 20 cows treated, within 24 h of calving, with 40 mg/q Scopolamine Butylbromide. Each cow was subjected to blood samples to evaluate the Hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, at T0, within 24 h after calving, and T7, T14, T28, 7, 14, and 28 days after calving, respectively. At T14 and T28, an ultrasound examination was performed to measure the diameter of ex-pregnant horn. In all cows, the reproductive indices (days to first service and number of artificial insemination for conception) were evaluated. In all groups, the HYP concentrations have been rising from T0 to T28, with the maximum levels obtained at T28 in the groups PG and S. As regard the diameter of uterine horn, the comparison among the groups showed significant differences only at T28, with lower values in the group PG and S. In group S and PG, the days to first service were less than other groups. Treatment with Scopolamine and PGF2α resulted in better outcomes, evidenced clinically by more efficient uterine involution and faster ovarian recovery.

A study was undertaken to assess the effect of β-carotene supplementation on fertility in lactating Kankrej cows. Advanced pregnant cows (n=18) were randomly assigned into three groups. Experimental animals in Group I were fed on basal diet, while in Group-II and III were supplemented with 500 and 1000 mg of β-carotene/animal/day, respectively, for a period of 42 days, 21 days each before and after calving. All the cows were subjected to per-rectal and ultrasonographic observations at the 7th, 15th, 21st and 30th day postpartum. The gross uterine involution occurred at 28.50±1.50, 25.50±2.01 and 24±1.89 days in Group I, II and III, respectively. The diameter of the cervix was found to differ non-significantly between the groups on the 7th, 15th and 30th day in Group III from Group I and II. There was a highly significant reduction in the mean diameter of the gravid and non-gravid horn on the 7th day in Group II and III as compared to Group I, and also on the 21st and 15th day, respectively, within Group I and II. First service conception rate and overall conception rate were observed to be higher in Group III followed by Group II and I. It was concluded that β-carotene supplementation peripartum @ 1000 mg/animal/day for a period of 42 days accelerates uterine involution and improves postpartum fertility in dairy animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The postpartum period (peueperium) is the period after childbirth is complete, up to 6 weeks or 42 days. After the postpartum period, the reproductive organs will slowly experience changes like before pregnancy. Postpartum mothers experience recovery in their physical and psychological condition. What is expected in the 6 week period after giving birth is that all of the mother's body systems will recover from the various effects of pregnancy and return to their pre-pregnancy state, one of which is changes in the uterus which gradually recovers to its pre -pregnancy state. Postpartum mothers will experience changes in uterine involution, namely the process of returning the uterus to the state it was in before pregnancy. The uterus will decrease in size in approximately 6 weeks. However, it can be faster if you balance it by doing postpartum exercises. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of postpartum exercise on uterine involution in postpartum mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Postpartum uterine involution is necessary for the normal reproduction of dairy cows. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of postpartum uterine involution and the effect of parity on uterine involution in dairy cows. A B-mode veterinary ultrasound scanner was used to monitor the diameter of the uterine cervix, pregnant uterine horn, and non-pregnant uterine horn at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days, respectively, after parturition in both multiparous and primiparous dairy cows. Meanwhile, the concentrations of hydroxyproline, estradiol (E2), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were detected using ELISA and blood samples. The results showed that the diameter of the pregnant uterine horn and uterine cervix did not decrease any further at 25 days postpartum. Hydroxyproline levels gradually decreased during uterine involution; however, there was no significant variation in IGF-1 and E2 concentrations during uterine involution. These results suggest that uterine involution was around 25 days postpartum in healthy dairy cows. The hydroxyproline levels of the peripheral blood may be an indicator of uterine involution in postpartum cows. Postpartum uterine involution is necessary for the normal reproduction of dairy cows. The study aimed to investigate the pattern of postpartum uterine involution and the impact of parity on uterine involution in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. The diameter of the uterine cervix, pregnant uterine horn, and non-pregnant uterine horn were monitored using a B-mode veterinary ultrasound scanner at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 days, respectively, after parturition in both multiparous and primiparous dairy cows. Meanwhile, the concentrations of hydroxyproline, E2, and IGF-1 were detected using ELISA at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 40 d after parturition in both multiparous and primiparous dairy cows. Furthermore, the duration of uterine involution was compared in the multiparous and primiparous dairy cows. The results demonstrated that the diameter of the uterine cervix and the pregnant uterine horn did not decrease any further at 25 days postpartum for both the multiparous cows and the primiparous cows. Hydroxyproline levels gradually decreased with uterine involution; however, there was no significant variation in IGF-1 concentrations during uterine involution in the dairy cows. Although E2 concentrations of the peripheral plasma displayed an upward trend from day 5 to day 15 in the two groups of postpartum cows, there was no significant difference between the two groups during uterine involution. These results suggest that postpartum uterine involution was around 25 days postpartum in both the primiparous dairy cows and the multiparous Chinese Holstein dairy cows. Parity did not affect uterine involution in the postpartum Chinese Holstein dairy cows. The hydroxyproline levels of the peripheral blood may be an indicator of uterine involution in postpartum cows. Nonetheless, IGF-1 and E2 levels of the periphery blood are not associated with uterine involution in Chinese Holstein dairy cows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Rapid and successful involution of the reproductive system is necessary for reproductive efficiency in dairy cows. This study aimed to examine the effect of lameness on uterine involution and the ovarian onset of cows with otherwise healthy puerperium. Retrospectively, the involvement of cows' energy status and its interaction with lameness was assessed. Lame cows showed delayed involution of the reproductive tract (cervix and formerly pregnant uterine horn), lower ovulation rates, higher rates of atresia or cyst formation, and worse energy profiles regarding NEFA concentrations compared to sound cows. High NEFA concentrations affected these parameters separately and in relation to lameness, with the cows experiencing both conditions being most impacted regarding their reproductive physiology. The aim of the study was to examine the effect of lameness and energy status on the involution of the uterus and the resumption of ovarian cyclicity in dairy cows. Lame (lameness score of four and the presence of hoof lesions, n = 22) and sound (normal gait and the absence of hoof lesions, n = 25) multiparous cows with healthy puerperium were enrolled simultaneously in the study and were monitored from day 10 antepartum (ap) to day 50 post-partum (pp). Ultrasonography of the cervix, the formerly gravid uterine horn and the ovarian structures was performed on d 8, 11, 14, 23, 30, and 42 pp. Blood sampling for progesterone, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) was used to assess cyclicity and energy status. Lame compared to sound cows had higher NEFA concentrations on day 14 pp (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.37 ± 0.05, respectively, p = 0.005), delayed involution of the cervix and the formerly pregnant uterine horn (p = 0.0003 and p = 0.02, respectively), lower ovulation rates within the experimental period (63.6% vs. 88%, respectively, p = 0.05), and higher rates of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp (36.4% vs. 12%, respectively, p = 0.05). Independently of lameness status, cows with high NEFA concentrations had lower ovulation rates within the experimental period (65.5% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.02), lower normal ovarian activity on day 50 pp (58.6% vs. 88.9%, p = 0.03), and higher rates of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp (34.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.02) compared to cows with optimal NEFA concentrations. Furthermore, an interaction between lameness and increased NEFA concentrations was observed regarding the ovulation rate within the experimental period and the percentage of atresia or cyst formation on day 50 pp. Sound cows with low NEFA levels had the lowest mean cervical diameter compared to cows with lameness (both with elevated and optimal NEFA concentrations, p = 0.009 and p = 0.002, respectively). Conclusively, lameness during puerperium negatively affected ovarian function and uterine involution. These effects were exacerbated (through interaction or cumulation) in relation to elevated NEFA concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to verify the impact of parity on tissue mobilisation, metabolic response, oxidative stress and reproductive tract traits during the peripartum period. Nineteen goats with singleton pregnancies were grouped into nine nulliparous (NU) and 10 multiparous (MU). The animals were followed from the fifth week before delivery to the fourth week after delivery. Does, kids and milk production were weighed; the loin muscle depth area, subcutaneous loin, kidney fat thicknesses, size of the uterus and haemodynamics of the uterine artery were measured by ultrasound. Placenta was weighed and the cotyledons were counted and measured. Plasma was assayed for total protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), glutamic-oxaloacetic acid transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic acid transaminase (GPT), glutathione peroxidase and β-hydroxybutyrate. MU showed a greater live weight loss (+8%) and longer period of body mass loss (+12 days). Milk production was higher in MU and their kids were heavier at birth with greater weight gain. No differences in the effect of parity were found for uterine diameter and placental weight, while the NU goats had a larger cotyledonary surface. Additionally, MU goats had higher levels of glucose, GPT, GGT, cholesterol, total protein and glutathione peroxidase. In MU females, there was a greater muscle mass mobilisation throughout the peripartum period and a superior replacement of adipose tissue after delivery (+1.3 mm). Therefore, MU females appear to have better tissue mobilisation and productive performance dynamics, although parity does not affect uterine involution in goats. Parity influences metabolic response and oxidative stress during peripartum in goats. Multiparous goats show greater efficiency in the mobilisation of muscle and adipose tissue and better productive performance. Parity does not influence the process of uterine involution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Process Breastfeeding affects the decrease in fundal height. that mother having impaired lactation will hinder the process of uterine involution which will result in bleeding. one way to prevent bleeding during puerperium is to give ASI as early as possible maybe the baby. Methods: This study uses an analytical method with a cross sectional approach. The sampling technique was non probability with accidental sampling method, where the researcher collected samples until fulfilled at PMB Nisbahningsih Gresik as many as 21 postpartum mothers. Results: The test results as many as 21 post partum mothers with statistical analysis used contingency coefficient test showed a p = 0.005 < α = 0.05, there was a significant the relationship of exclusive breastfeeding with uterine involution process in postpartum mothers at PMB Nisbahningsih gresik. Conclusions: The results of this study it can be concluded thah that there is a relationship between exclusive breastfeeding on uterine involution. Therefore it is expected that post partum mothers give exclusive breastfeeding to their babies so that the process of runs normally.

Post delivery occurs the pelvic wall was always stretched/damaged in the birth canal, and the pelvic floor muscles are loose, hence the implementation of accelerated uterine involution with the consumption of pineapple juice. The purpose identified the effect of pineapple juice consumption on the acceleration of uterine involution in postpartum. This research uses a quasi-experiment with posttest only with a control group design. The sample of 34 was taken in consecutive sampling. How to measure observations and questionnaires, as well as analysis using chi-square tests. Results: The entire intervention group of rapid uterine involution processes, while in the slow control group. The results of the Chi-Squre test obtained p value = 0.000 means there is an influence of pineapple juice consumption on the acceleration of uterine involution in postpartum mothers. Pineapple juice's ability to lower TFU is related to the content of the enzyme Bromelain which increases hydrolytic activity in connective tissue, especially against collagen. The activity of bromelain collagenase by hydrolyzing collagen causes the uterine wall to become soft and connective tissue to tighten, accelerating uterus involution. Consumption of pineapple juice has an effect on accelerating uterine involution.

Uterine involution has 2 major components—(1) involution of vessels; and (2) involution of myometrium. Involution of vessels was addressed by Rutherford and Hertig in 1945; however, involution of myometrium has received little attention in the modern literature. We suggest that the pathophysiology of myometrial involution may lead to uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. The myometrium dramatically enlarges due to gestational hyperplasia and hypertrophy of myocytes, caused by hormonal influences of the fetal adrenal cortex and the placenta. After delivery, uterine weight drops rapidly, with physiologic involution of myometrium associated with massive destruction of myometrial tissue. The resulting histopathology, supported by scientific evidence, may be termed "postpartum metropathy," and may explain the delay of postpartum menstrual periods until the completion of involution. When uterine atony causes uncontrolled hemorrhage, postpartum hysterectomy examination may be the responsibility of the perinatal pathologist. Postpartum metropathy may be initiated when delivery of the baby terminates exposure to the hormonal influence of the fetal adrenal cortex, and may be accelerated when placental delivery terminates exposure to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). This hypothesis may explain why a prolonged third stage of labor, and delays in management, are risk factors for severe hemorrhage due to uterine atony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The puerperium is a time of great change which spans a period of transition from the pinnacle experience of birth to the assumption of the joys. About 14 million women each year affected due to postpartum haemorrhage and results in around 70,000 deaths. Fundal massage is effective way for uterine involution and less risk of postpartum haemorrhage. Aims: The current study is aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of fundal massage on uterine involution among postnatal mothers at selected hospitals and also to find out the association between variables. Methodology Design and Setting: Quantitative approach was adopted. Quasi experimental pretest post-test control group design was used. Non probability consecutive sampling technique were utilized to drawn samples.60 postnatal mothers were screened. Prior to data collection written setting permission obtained from authorities of the various hospitals and inform consent form was obtained from the participants. Investigator has used structured questionnaire for collecting data related to demographic characteristics and clinical variable and modified fundal measurement scale were used to measure the fundal height with the aid of measuring tape. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to compute the data. Result and conclusion: The present study revealed that mean post-test score in intervention group is 8.53 ±1.66 is less than the mean pretest score 10.93 ± 1.93. Comparison also made between pretest of intervention and control group and calculated 't' value was 1.67, df 58 and which is less than p< 0.05. Whereas in the control group the mean post-test scores 9.56 ± 1.13 and pretest score 11.56 ± 1.13 and calculated 't' value 2.184, df 58 and p >0.05. Out of all demographic variable type of gravid and ambulation after delivery were found significant associated at P value <0.05 level. In this study researcher stated that the fundal massage was effective in improving the uterine involution. This concludes there was significant difference in intervention group compare to control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the therapeutic effect of thunder-fire moxibustion plus Shenghua Decoction on uterine involution after cesarean section and its influence on lactation. One hundred and twenty parturients with post-cesarean section uterine involution were recruited from our hospital between October 2021 to July 2022. Participants were grouped into A, B, C, and D groups and treated with conventional therapy, Shenghua Decoction, thunder-fire moxibustion, and Shenghua Decoction+thunder-fire moxibustion, respectively. Groups B, C and D, especially group D, had shorter duration of lochia and faster descending speed of uterine fundus height than group A. All the four groups showed decreased uterine cavity volume after treatment, with the lowest volume found in group D. In terms of clinical efficacy, group D also had better treatment outcomes than the other three groups. Furthermore, the breast fullness degree and lactation yield scores were higher in group D than other groups, whilst the four groups were not statistically different in the incidence of adverse reactions. Shorter length of maternal hospital stays, and uterus recovery time were found in group D. In summary, thunder)fire moxibustion plus Shenghua Decoction should be treatment of choice for post-cesarean section uterine involution that can promote maternal breast milk secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) in promoting uterine involution and relieving postpartum pain. Methods The randomized controlled clinical trial in this study was conducted at five centers in three regions across China from June 2014 to December 2014. A total of 498 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The LIUS group received ultrasound treatment, and the control group received sham ultrasound treatment. The fundal height and visual analogue scale (VAS) scores of the subjects following cesarean section were recorded separately before and after five treatments. The incidence of adverse events was recorded, while the records on lochia duration were obtained by telephone follow-up. The Full Analysis Set (FAS) comprised all subjects randomized who received at least one treatment. The Per-Protocol Set (PPS) comprised all patients who did not seriously violate the study protocol and had good compliance with complete report forms. Efficacy analyses were performed based on the FAS and PPS. All safety analyses were performed based on the safety set (SS), which included all patients who received at least one treatment. Results In the analysis of PPS and FAS, the LIUS group performed better than the control group in reducing the fundal height, shortening the duration of lochia, and relieving postpartum pain, with a significant difference between the two groups (p

Abstract Pregnancy is a prolonged and tortuous process impairing puerperal health and life, in which uterine involution playing a decisive role. However, puerperae continually suffer from postpartum complications, whereas few research has focused on the postpartum recovery and uterine involution acceleration. The requirement for a safer and efficient therapy strategy for postpartum care is very urgent. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of Apios americana Medikus tuber to be a novel adjuvant therapy strategy for postpartum recovery. As a natural resource supplement, AM possesses multiple bioactivities and high biosafety, which also more acceptable for long treatment period during and after pregnancy. AM significantly altered the levels of estrogen, progesterone and their receptors, the secretion of transforming growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, it also significantly regulated various genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and cell cycle, such as PLA2G3, EGR1, LCN2, and MMP9, thereby inhibiting inflammation and facilitating postpartum recovery and uterine involution. To conclude, our results suggested that AM as a promising supplementary food or a potential adjuvant treatment to accelerate postpartum uterine involution.

The present work aimed to study the effect of exogenous oxytocin injection on the expression of the oxytocin receptor gene and the duration of uterine involution in the local Iraqi breed of Karradi cows. Twenty cows were divided into two groups. The first group was considered a control; the second group was injected with 100 IU/IM of oxytocin twice weekly for four weeks postpartum. The uterine involution velocity was monitored using ultrasonography by measuring the endometrium thickness, ovarian diameter, cervix diameter, uterine horns diameter, serum progesterone, and estrogen levels by indirect ELISA, and the expression of oxytocin receptor gene was monitored by conventional PCR. The result of the treated group showed that the progesterone concentration was significantly decreased. The estrogen concentration was significantly increased. Moreover, the endometrium thickness was significantly decreased in the second, third, and fourth weeks, also, the ovarian diameter was significantly decreased in the first and second weeks, but it has significantly increased in the fourth week. In addition, the cervix diameter was significantly decreased in the first and second weeks, and the uterine horns diameter was significantly decreased in all weeks compared to the control group at POTXRs gene overexpression, where OTXRs gene expression was increased in the oxytocin group in comparison with the control group. This result was present in a coordinated manner with the result of the estrus cycle and ovarian reactivation. We conclude that injection of exogenous oxytocin at 100 IU/IM twice weekly for four weeks postpartum will increase the expression of the oxytocin receptor gene, leading to a decrease in the duration of uterine involution. Accelerate the occurrence of estrus in the local Iraqi breed of Karradi cows.

The primary objectives were to investigate the effects of feeding a new rumen‐protected glucose (RPG) on uterine involution and ovarian follicular dynamics in recently calved dairy cattle. From 4 to 30 days after calving, 16 Holsteins (first to third lactation, mean parity 1.75) were randomly assigned to be fed either a basal diet top‐dressed with either 600 g RPG (RPG group) or 600 g of the coating material and glucose (CONT group). Based on transrectal ultrasonography, conducted every 3 days starting 20 days after calving, the interval from calving to complete uterine involution was shorter in RPG versus CONT (27.1 vs. 30.4 days, p <.01). Furthermore, based on transrectal ultrasonography conducted every 2 days, cattle fed RPG had smaller (3.0–4.9 mm) ovarian follicles (2.96 vs. 0.9, p <.001) and more total follicles (5.26 vs. 2.85, p <.01). Feeding RPG had increased serum insulin concentrations (4.59 ± 0.54 vs. 3.13 ± 0.57, p <.05), but had no significant effects on serum glucose concentrations, dry matter intake or milk yield. In conclusion, we inferred that cattle fed RPG had increased glucose turnover that was responsible for higher insulin concentrations, faster uterine involution, and more ovarian follicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the eff ects of diff erent litter sizes on the rate of uterine involution in Hu sheep. Using B-mode ultrasonography, we recorded changes in the uterine horn diameter and the maximum uterine caruncle diameter in 60 primiparous Hu sheep from days 0 to 45 postpartum. Th e uterine horn diameter decreased gradually postpartum from 79±1.42 mm at day 0 to 10.87±0.5 mm at day 45 with singleton parturition, from 91±6.58 mm at day 0 to 10.63±0.32 mm at day 45 with twin parturition, and from 107±3.67 mm at day 0 to 11±0.87 mm at day 45 with triplet parturition. Th e time to complete uterine involution postpartum was 30, 35 and 40 days postpartum in singleton, twin and triplet parturitions, respectively. (P0.05). Th us, diff erent litter sizes had a greater eff ect on postpartum uterine horn recovery than on the uterine caruncle. Furthermore, the rate of uterine involution in ewes with singleton parturition was significantly higher than that with triplet parturition. Our findings provide a reference for improving the reproductive performance of Hu sheep.

Simple Summary: Pregnancy loss following a positive pregnancy diagnosis in the absence of infectious disease of the reproductive system is a main factor limiting reproductive efficiency in high producing dairy cows. We describe here some circumstances such as the age of the dam, retained placenta and uterine size in which the uterus may be associated with pregnancy loss. Here we revise circumstances of non-infectious causes in which the uterus may be associated with pregnancy loss during the late embryo/early fetal period (following a positive pregnancy diagnosis in lactating dairy cows). As the uterine size increases with parity and pregnant heifers with no detrimental effects of a previous parturition, a primigravid uterus is proposed as a reference for identifying risk factors that negatively influence pregnancy in lactating cows. Cows suffering placenta retention or with a large uterus at insemination were selected as topics for this revision. Retained placenta, that occurs around parturition, has a long-lasting influence on subsequent pregnancy loss. Although retained placenta is a particularly predisposing factor for uterine infection, farm conditions along with cow factors of non-infectious cause and their interactions have been identified as main factors favoring this disorder. A large uterus (cervix and uterine horns lying outside the pelvic cavity) with no detectable abnormalities has been associated with low fertility and with a greater incidence of pregnancy loss. A large reproductive tract may well derive from an inadequate uterine involution. Therefore, peripartum management and strategies to reduce the incidence of uterine disorders should reduce their associated financial losses in the herds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The lochia is the physiological uterine discharge post-partum, whereas abnormal fluids are often indicators of puerperal disorders in sows, which negatively influence the further reproductive performance. The aim of the study was to characterize the vaginal discharge in sows employing simple and feasible tests and to correlate the evaluated parameters with the subsequent reproductive performance of these sows. The birth process of 48 clinically healthy free farrowing sows was monitored and several parameters characterizing the vaginal discharge such as total amount, colour, amount of cells (somatic cell count) and cell characteristics (cytology) were collected daily from first to fifth day after parturition. Finally, the reproductive performance of the following gestation was evaluated and compared to the characteristics of the lochia. The amount of vaginal discharge was significantly increased on the second (p

Background and Aim: Hypocalcemia in goats occurs around the time of parturition and is caused by decreasing level of calcium less than 10 mg/dL. This investigation characterized the hematological and biochemical profiles of peri-parturient hypocalcemia in goats and study the effects of hypocalcemia on uterine involution during the postpartum period on day 0 and then weekly postpartum (day +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, till +42). Materials and Methods: Forty-five polyparous native breed does age 3-5 years and weighing 40–60 kg were assigned to control and hypocalcemia groups based on their health history, clinical and biochemical findings. The control group included 10 clinically healthy pregnant does, and the hypocalcemia group included 35 late pregnant does that suffered from anorexia, weakness, muscle tremors of the hind limbs, and an inability to stand. Clinical examination and blood sampling in both groups were performed approximately 14 days before the expected time of kidding (day–14), at kidding day (day 0), on day +21, and +42 postpartum. Sonographic measurements were used to monitor uterine involution on day 0 and then weekly once the animal was postpartum (day +7, +14, +21, +28, +35, till +42) in both groups. Results: Results of sonographic measurement revealed that the hypocalcemia group had a greater (p

The aim of this study was to observe the uterine involution of Etawa crossbreed (PE) goat using transcutaneous ultrasonography (USG). This study used four postpartum female goats that released placenta normally. The goats were examined on lateral recumbence position. Uterine involution was observed daily. The study began from the first day of postpartum period until there were no more reduction of uterine horns lumen diameter. From the 1st to 7th day of postpartum period, ultrasound imaging of the uterine wall showed caruncle which was hypoechoic, lumen of uterine filled with lochia (the image was hypoechoic to anechoic) and a clearly visible uterine horns lumen which had decreased in diameter from 105.9 ± 0.9 mm to 87.2 ± 4.6 mm. From the 8th day to the 14th day, lumen diameter had decreased from 80.4 ± 3.8 mm to 63.6 ± 3.2 mm. The presence of caruncle was reduced and the amount of lochia was decreased (anechoic). From the 15th day to the 21st day, lumen diameter had decreased from 61.4 ± 2.1 mm to 52.1 ± 2.7 mm, and the remnants of caruncle and lochia were still visible. From the 22nd day to the 26th day, the diameter of the uterine wall had decreased from 49.7 ± 0.6 mm to 41.5 ± 6.7 mm, and the lochia and caruncle were no longer visible. From the 26th to the 30th day, uterine horns lumen diameter had still decreased from 41.5 ± 6.7 mm to 31.7 ± 0.9 mm. Uterine horns lumen diameter size had decreased every day, stabilized on the 30th day, and ceased to decrease on the 31st day, where the diameter size was the same as on the 30th day postpartum (31.7 ± 0.9 mm). It can be concluded that the duration of uterine involution in PE goats, which had normal delivery is 30-31 days.

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Copyright of Journal of Animal & Poultry Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: One of the exclusive breastfeeding failures is because of low milk production, while uterine involution is also a complication that often occurs in the puerperium that can contribute to maternal mortality, nonpharmacological therapy that can be given, among others, the provision of purple sweet potato leaves. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving purple sweet potato leaves to uterine involution in puerperal mothers and the adequacy of breast milk. Method: This type of research is a quosy experimental only with a sample of 35, sampling with the Purposive Sampling technique. The provision of purple sweet potato leaves is given for 7 days, namely the 8-14 day of the puerperium, and measurement of uterine involution indicators and the adequacy of breast milk is done before and after administration of purple sweet potato leaves. Analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The results of the study are the effect of giving purple sweet potato leaves to uterine involution in postpartum mothers and the adequacy of breast milk in infants 0-6 months (p-value = 0,000). Conclusion: There is an effect of giving purple sweet potato leaves to uterine involution in puerperal mothers and the adequacy of breast milk in infants aged 0-6 months

Background: Postpartum subinvolution of the uterus is a more common condition after cesarean section. Auricular acupressure (AA) is widely used for the treatment of postpartum diseases. However, few studies have explored the effects of AA as a treatment of uterine involution following cesarean section to date. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of AA for uterine involution after cesarean section. Methods: A total of 109 women who underwent cesarean section participated in this study. They were randomly allocated to either real AA or sham AA in a 1:1 ratio by a computer program. For 3 days, the real AA and sham AA groups received treatment 3 times daily. A series of assessments at 42 days after cesarean section, namely on the uterine size, the incidence of hydrometra, the first anal exsufflation time, bleeding volume at 6 hours, bleeding volume at 6–24 hours along with other general assessments were carried out. Results: A total of 89 women completed the study. The uterine size at 42 days after a cesarean section was 6.3 cm smaller in the real AA group than in the sham AA group (P

The objective of this study was to assess the applicability of trans-rectal color Doppler ultrasonography for quantification of uterine blood flow in 30 healthy lactating Jersey cows on a weekly interval from days 0 to 56 after parturition (day 0). Significantly higher time average mean velocity (TAMEAN), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX) and blood flow volume (BFV-TAMEAN and BFV-TAMAX) in artery ipsilateral to previous gravid uterine horn (PGUH) was found as compared to contralateral middle uterine artery (MUA) on day 0 to 14 postpartum. Similarly, transverse diameter (D) of ipsilateral MUA was significantly higher as compared to contralateral MUA during first two weeks after parturition. Clinical uterine involution completed on day 32.47±0.85 postpartum as demonstrated by B-mode ultrasonography and a significant correlation (r= 0.31–0.44 from day 7–28) between size of PGUH and BFV-TAMAX was found. Also, significant correlation between transverse diameter of ipsilateral (r=0.56–0.80) and contralateral (r=0.51–0.79) MUA-D and BFV-TAMAX was found on different examination days. In conclusion, trans-rectal Doppler ultrasonography was a useful tool to investigate haemodynamic changes whereas PI, RI, Doppler pulse duration and systolic upstroke time were found unsuitable to indagate alterations in uterine perfusion during post-partum period.

The lochia is the physiological uterine discharge post-partum, whereas abnormal fluids are often indicators of puerperal disorders in sows, which negatively influence the further reproductive performance. The aim of the study was to characterize the vaginal discharge in sows employing simple and feasible tests and to correlate the evaluated parameters with the subsequent reproductive performance of these sows. The birth process of 48 clinically healthy free farrowing sows was monitored and several parameters characterizing the vaginal discharge such as total amount, colour, amount of cells (somatic cell count) and cell characteristics (cytology) were collected daily from first to fifth day after parturition. Finally, the reproductive performance of the following gestation was evaluated and compared to the characteristics of the lochia. The amount of vaginal discharge was significantly increased on the second (p < 0.01), third (p = 0.019) and fourth (p = 0.011) day post-partum compared to day one. Furthermore, a decrease in the percentage of neutrophilic granulocytes from day one to three (p = 0.038), four (p = 0.038) and five (p = 0.048) post-partum was observed. The percentage of neutrophilic granulocytes in the yellowish vaginal discharge was increased compared to whitish (p = 0.02) or clear (p = 0.027) vaginal discharge. In addition, obstetrics (p = 0.003) and an increased farrowing duration (p = 0.017) significantly increased the amount of vaginal discharge. Sows with a high amount of vaginal discharge had a significant higher body temperature than sows with no (p = 0.014) or low amount (p < 0.01) of vaginal discharge. No correlation was detected between the evaluated parameters of the lochia and the subsequent reproductive performance. It is hypothesised that the amount of vaginal discharge alone is not a predictor for the performance of sows during their next gestation. However, it might serve as indicator for acute endometritis. In summary, the different parameters of the vaginal discharge determined by means of point-of-care tests might be useful to strengthen a presumptive diagnose of endometritis in sows during the first five days after parturition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normally calved 36 post-partum HF crossbred cows from first to seventh parity were selected from University Farm and divided randomly into 6 equal groups. In all treatment groups (T1 to T5), injections of methyl ergometrine maleate (Ergovet, 2 mg, i/m, OD) at 1/2 hr, 2nd and 3rd day post-partum were given. Additionally, in T2, calcium (Mifex, 50 mg/ml, @ 300 ml, i/v) and phosphorus (Tonophosphan, 0.2 gm/ml, @ 10 ml, i/m, OD) were injected on second day of calving; in T3, Vit. ADE (Intavita, @ 10 ml, i/m, OD) on the second day of calving; in T4, Ceftiofur sodium (Xyrofur, 1 gm, i/m, OD) for three days from the second day of calving, and in T5, Calcium, phosphorus, Vit. A D E and Ceftiofur sodium were given with same dosage. The sixth group (T6, control) was left untreated. Cervical and uterine (previously gravid; PG and non-gravid; NG horns) diameters and uterine involution were examined by USG and per rectal palpation, at 5 days interval from day 12 to day 40 post-partum, to observe the effect of methyl ergometrine with and without above combinations on uterine involution. The reduction was observed earlier in T1, T2, and T5, by per rectal palpation compared to USG examination, while in T3, T4 and C, both methods were at the same time. PG and NG horn diameters were reduced significantly (p < 0.05) earlier in all treatment groups (T1 to T5) as compared to control. Uterine involution was found to be completed by per rectal palpation on day 32 post-partum in all treatment groups and on day 37 in control, whereas by USG examination, it was on day 32 in T1 and T5 and on day 37 in all other groups. Methyl ergometrine along with Ca, P, Vit. ADE and ceftiofur, enhanced uterine involution in CB cows. Further, the uterine and cervical assessment by per-rectal palpation revealed fast involution as compared to USG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the postpartum uterine involution pattern and embryonic development could facilitate bovine reproduction management, improve reproductive efficiency, and diagnosis of the reproductive disorder, which would contribute to the success of the dairy business. This study aimed to investigate postpartum uterine involution and embryonic developmental patterns or postconceptional marks of embryonic fetal development in Chinese Holstein dairy cows using B-mode ultrasonography. The results revealed a significant decline in the involution period with an increase of parity and age. The uterine involution period was shorter in multiparous cows when compared with cows with lower parities. Consistently, cows over 4 years old recovered faster than younger cows (2 or 3 years). Besides, the elder cows (over 4 years) had a relatively larger size of resumed cervix uteri and horns. Postpartum uterine involution pattern analysis revealed that the reproductive tract recovered very fast during the first 16 days postpartum for all the parity. Results of postconceptional marks of embryo development revealed a slow increase in diameter of the gravid uterine horn and crown-rump length (CRL) before day 60. In contrast, this increase was dramatic and rapid after the 60th day. We also established two models to estimate gestational age based on gravid uterine horn diameter or CRL. A formula was established to determine the gravid uterine horn size during postconceptional on day 30th–day 90th (r = 0.8714, P < 0.01). In addition, a significant positive correlation between CRL and gestational age (r = 0.98151, P < 0.01) was built. In conclusion, these results illustrated that parity and calving age had significant effects on uterine involution in Chinese Holstein cows. Crown-rump length and gravid uterine horn diameter are both efficient for evaluating the embryo growth. These current findings broaden the understanding of basic reproductive pattern in Chinese Holstein cows and could benefit bovine reproductive management primarily in postpartum and early pregnant cows to reduce the calving interval and avoid periparturient metabolic diseases.

With the objective of studying uterine involution and resumption of first post-partum cyclicity in Attappadi Black does, transrectal B-mode ultrasonography was performed on alternate days from day seven post-partum onwards. The mean number of days required for involution of uterus and cervix in the present study was 27 and 17 post-partum respectively. The mean±SE day of first post-partum ovulation was observed as 45.15±2.66.

Post-partum is the period during which the internal and external reproduction organs will gradually return to their pre-pregnancy state. Uterine involution or uterine contraction is a process in which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy state weighing about 60 grams. The process of uterine involution is influenced by uterine contractions which are stimulated by the oxytocin hormone, a process which can be facilitated by a combination of oxytocin and endorphin massage. With the release of endorphins, the mother will feel more comfortable and the oxytocin hormone can be stimulated, so that uterine contractions can work normally and increase the process of uterine involution. This study involves a literature review which aimed to summarize the results of studies which explain that the effect of oxytocin and endorphin massage to uterine involution in postpartum. The data was collected from Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with these keywords: combination of oxytocin and endorphine massage; uterine involution; and maternal postpartum. Only 3 journals had the required inclusion criteria. The results showed that the combination of oxytocin massage and endorphin massage was effective in reducing the height of uterine fun in post-partum mothers. The combination of oxytocin massage and endorphin massage can be developed for increasing uteri involution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was aimed to monitor postpartum (pp) uterine involution and follicular wave pattern by transrectal ultrasonography and detection of concentrations of milk progesterone (P4) in eleven water buffaloes during the summer season in Turkey. The data obtained from the first day of calving to positive pregnancy diagnosis were evaluated on a daily basis. Uterine position scores and nonechogenic material showed a decreasing grade pattern related to the time (P < 0.0001). A time effect was evident with uterine horn thickness (P < 0.05) or intercaruncular zone thickness (P < 0.01) and uterine horn lumen (P < 0.01). Uterine horn thickness showed a gravidity x time interaction (P < 0.05). Gravidity x time interaction was not evident in total uterine horn thickness but time effect was seen (P < 0.0001). Time effect was also evident for the thickness of uterine body (P < 0.0001) and cervix uteri (P < 0.01). The uterine body and horns were returned to previously nongravid state on day 26.00 ± 2.38 and the interval from calving to complete disappearance of uterine fluid was accomplished on day 31.44 ± 3.23 pp. The previously gravid and nongravid uterine horns, uterine body and cervix uteri involuted on day 31.42 ± 1.39, 28.37 ± 0.65, 29.37 ± 0.73 and 27.87 ± 0.47 pp, respectively. The interval from calving to first observation of dominant follicle of nonovulatory wave was 18.54 ± 6.91 days and on average 3.45 ± 1.91 nonovulatory waves were observed. Postpartum first ovulation occurred on day 64.45 ± 18.49. One and two wave models or combination of both waves were observed. The interval from calving to pregnancy was 72.36 ± 21.33 days. The maximum concentrations of milk P4 during short or normal cycles and pregnancy were 0.62 ng/mL, 2.2 ng/mL, and 4.04 ng/mL, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of one or two waves should be considered when estrous synchronization programmes are planned in Anatolian water buffaloes during summer season. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metritis is an important disorder in dairy cows during the early postpartum period. Myometrial contractility is a prerequisite for uterine involution; however, very scanty literature is available about the effect of metritis on this process and endocrine responsiveness. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of inflammation on uterine contractility in vitro, and the inflammation was induced by incubating myometrial strips with lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Myometrial samples were collected from 17 healthy Holstein Friesian cows during caesarean section. Eight longitudinal strips from each cow were incubated in organ baths with LPS concentrations of 0 (LPS0), 0.1 (LPS0.1), 1 (LPS1) and 10 µg/ml (LPS10). Spontaneous contractility and contractility induced by increasing concentrations of oxytocin (10–10 – 10–7 mol/L) were recorded during nine 30‐min intervals (T1 to T9). The minimum amplitude (minA), maximum amplitude (maxA), mean amplitude (meanA) and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated for each time interval. LPS had an effect (p ≤.05) on maxA, meanA and AUC. In T1, myometrial strips incubated with LPS0.1 and LPS1 had higher (p ≤.05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the strips incubated with LPS0. In T9 without oxytocin, LPS0 led to higher (p ≤.05) maxA, meanA and AUC than LPS0.1 and LPS1. In T8 and T9 with oxytocin, LPS1 had lower (p ≤.05) maxA, meanA and AUC than the other LPS concentrations. Interestingly, the results show that LPS has a transient positive effect on myometrial contractility in vitro and that this effect is dependent on LPS concentration and duration of incubation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In postpartum buffaloes, the process of uterine involution and changes in blood metabolic profile has not been studied in relation to development of subclinical endometritis (SCE). In this study, buffaloes (n = 100) approaching calving were identified. Weekly blood samples were collected on the day of calving up to 6 weeks post-calving. The diameter of uterine horns and onset of ovarian cyclicity (corpus luteum) were recorded through ultrasonography. On the basis of polymorphonuclear cell (PMN) cell count in endometrial cytology at days 45–50 postpartum, buffaloes were divided into two groups, viz., with SCE (> 5% PMN; n = 38) and without SCE (≤ 5% PMN; n = 62). Buffaloes with SCE took longer (P < 0.05) time to complete uterine involution and had larger (P < 0.05) uterine horn diameter between 3rd and 6th weeks postpartum and lower prostaglandin F2α metabolite (PGFM) concentration on the day of calving (P < 0.05) and 1 week (P < 0.001) post-calving than without SCE group. Buffaloes with SCE had lower (P < 0.001) concentration of glucose at weeks 2 and 3, higher (P < 0.001) β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) at week 3, and lower serum albumin concentration throughout the sampling period (P < 0.05 to 0.001) except at 1 week post-calving as compared to without SCE group. The urea concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.05 to 0.001) in buffaloes with SCE from 4 weeks post-calving onwards than without SCE group. The calcium concentration was lower in buffaloes with SCE at weeks 5 (P < 0.001) and 6 (P < 0.05) postpartum, whereas the concentration of magnesium and phosphorus was uniform between the two groups. No significant (P > 0.05) difference in onset of ovarian cyclicity between the 2 groups was observed, whereas buffaloes with SCE had longer (P = 0.001) median days open (141 days) than their counterpart (117 days). The first service conception rate, cumulative pregnancy rate, and pregnancy rate at 150 days postpartum were lower (P < 0.05) in buffaloes with SCE than without SCE group. In summary, higher BHBA and lower serum concentrations of glucose, albumin, urea, and calcium control onset of subclinical endometritis which in turn has negative impact on fertility of buffaloes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Uterine involution, a physiological process in which the uterus reverts to prepregnant size, occurs during puerperium. The latter is a time of substantial maternal risk. Ultrasound is considered the most appropriate tool in monitoring the progression of uterine involution because it is cheap, convenient, and repeatable with no radiation risk. Aim: To sonographically evaluate the involution of the uterus and uterine cavity in postpartum women in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study on 400 postpartum women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Transabdominal ultrasonography to measure uterine dimensions was done on day 1, day 3, and day 42 of puerperium using a 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear probe of a portable ALOKA ultrasound machine. Statistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. The uterine dimensions were expressed as mean±standard deviation and student's t-test analysis was used to compare the values for day 1, day 3, and day 42 of puerperium. Regression analysis was carried out to measure the relationship between uterine measurements on days 1, 3, and 42. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean longitudinal, anteroposterior, and transverse diameters of the uterus at day 1 were 14.51 cm, 8.54 cm, and 10.97 cm, respectively. The corresponding values for day 42 were 8.27 cm, 4.78 cm, and 6.22 cm. The uterine diameters decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). The mean uterine cavity diameters also decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). There was significant regression between longitudinal diameters of both uterus and uterine cavity on days 1 and 3 but not between days 3 and 42. Conclusion: This study has established a normal range of diameters for the uterus and uterine cavity on day 1, day 3, and day 42 of puerperium. It can serve as reference data for further studies in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Repeated use of exogenous oxytocin in newly calved buffalo has made buffalo breeder anxious about its reproductive and productive performances. Moreover, misconceptions about its harmful effect on public health are increasing day by day during postpartum period when animal has been already in stress. To know effect of oxytocin injection on cervix, uterus and milk composition during postpartum interval in Nili-Ravi buffalo, a study was conducted at Buffalo Research Institute Pattoki, Pakistan from September to October. For this purpose, 25 animals were randomly divided into three groups: group-1 (Control; n=8), group-2 (Low dose 10IU; n=8) and group-3 (High dose 30IU; n=9) while one animal excluded at milk sampling from group-3 due to unavoidable circumstances. Oxytocin was administered to each buffalo twice daily @10IU and 30IU into group-2 and group-3 respectively, whereas, saline into group-1 within one week of post calving for 48 days. Ultrasonography was performed twice a week to monitor involution changes while milk composition analysis was done once a week. Results depicted that initially, anechoic lumen filled areas with echogenic border in cervix and uterus was found but at involution, cervix and uterus became moderately hyperechoic without any fluid filled areas. Moreover, there was non-significant effect (P>0.05) of treatment on cervix, uterine body, non-gravid and gravid horn at involution among three groups when these attained non pregnant size. Regarding progesterone, it remained non-significant (P>0.05) throughout postpartum period among treatments. Furthermore, milk composition results showed that fat, protein, lactose, freezing point, SNF and solids were significantly higher (P<0.05) in group-2 and group-3 as compared to group-1 except density and pH which remained non-significant (P>0.05) in all groups. On the basis of result, it may be concluded that oxytocin had no effect on uterine involution and progesterone; however, it had some role to affect the normal composition of milk in postpartum involution interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has been limited on the effect of mother-infant skin-to-skin contact on the involution process and maternal postpartum fatigue. This study aimed to determine such effects in a randomized controlled trial conducted in a hospital in Sivas, Turkey. Seventy-five women were randomized into one of two groups. The Mother-Infant Information Form, Involution Process Evaluation Form and Visual Analogue Scale for Fatigue were used to collect data between October 1, 2015 and May 1, 2016. Repeated Measures ANOVAs were used for data analyzes. In the intervention group, routine care and mother-to-infant skin-to-skin contact were provided for 30 minutes in first postnatal hour. In the control group, routine care was provided. At the postnatal second, fourth and 24th hours, fundus heights were 13.4 ± 0.3, 12.9 ± 0.3 and 11.8 ± 0.3 cm, respectively, in the intervention group, and 14.4 ± 0.4, 13.8 ± 0.3 and 12.9 ± 0.3 cm in the control group (p <.05). At the 24th hour, women in the intervention group had higher mean energy levels (29.8 ± 10.1) than the control group (25.1 ± 10.0) (p <.05), and fatigue score, amount of lochia and number of pads were statistically similar between the groups (p >.05). Mothers expressed satisfaction with skin-to-skin practice. Thus, mother-to-infant skin-to-skin contact can be used as a care practice in the postpartum period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During involution the uterus in ewes undergoes a clear remodeling; unfortunately, information on cellular and molecular activities that controls this interval is inadequate. The working hypothesis of this study applied in, is that uterus returns to a non-pregnant status during involution, involves the proliferative and regeneration activity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which migrated to the uterus servomechanism that regulates and remodeling endometrial gland epithelial surface postpartum. The present study consist of 15 Iraqi local breed ewes were divided equally into three groups. The 1st and 2nd group were injected intravenously with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in a doses 1×108, 2×108 respectively, 48 hours postpartum, while the 3rd group served as a control group. Uterine biopsy were taken at 7, 15, 17 and 21 days postpartum, and processed to histopathological examination. The progressive of involution was clearly observed in treated groups till ended at days 21 for 2nd group, as well as in the 1st group but in a lesser extent. It was concluded that BMSCs has a beneficial effect on uterine involution which is completed at day 21in Iraqi ewes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the puerperal complication is uterine subinvolution that can cause bleeding to maternal death. Oxytocin massage can stimulate oxytocin hormone that plays a role in the process of uterine involution. Endorphine massage can increase the release of oxytocin and endorphine hormone that give a sense of calm and comfort. It also increases production of oxytocin hormone that can improve the process of uterine involution. Objective: To prove the effectiveness of a combination of oxytocin massage and endorphine massage to uterine involution in primiparaous mothers during postpartum period. Methods: This was a quasy-experimental study with pretest-posttest with control group design. Total samples were 44 normal postpartum mothers selected using purposive sampling technique, which were randomly assigned in four groups, namely: 1) oxytocin massage group, 2) endorphin massage group, 3) combined oxytocin-endorphin massage group, and 4) control group. The data were analyzed using univariate, bivariate and One Way Anova to test the effectiveness of the intervention. Results: There were statistically significant differences of fundal height before and after intervention among the four groups (p=

Background: The absence of contractions after childbirth can lead to a slow-running uterine involution process. Thus, the effort to maintain and accelerate the process is needed. Oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding are considered as an alternative treatment, but the effect of the combination of the two treatments have not yet been examined. Objective: To examine the effect of combination of oxytocin massage and hypnobreastfeeding on uterine involution and prolactin levels in post partum. Methods: A Quasy experimental study with pretest posttest control group design. a total of 40 respondents were recruited using simple random sampling, with 20 respondents assigned in the treatment and control group. Metline and ELISA methods were used to measure uterine involution prolactin levels. Paired t-test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Results: There was a significant decrease of uterine involution in the experiment group and control group after intervention with p-value 0.000 (

The study was envisaged to evaluate therapeutic effect of PGF2α analogue on the incidence of post-partum complications, uterine involution and fertility in crossbred cows. A total of 21 apparently healthy cows,immediately after normal calving were randomly allotted to two groups. Animals in group I were administered with 500 μg of cloprostenol sodium (synthetic PGF2α) intramuscularly within two hours of calving, whereas those in group II were left untreated. Incidence of post-partum complications, number of days required for complete uterine involution and fertility indices were recorded in all the animals. Incidence of post-partum complications was higher in group II than group I. Number of days taken for complete uterine involution, as assessed by rectal examination was significantly (p0.05) between groups (26.11 ± 2.87 and 53.89 ± 2.91 vs 32.22 ± 1.21 and 55.33 ± 4.45 days, respectively in group I and II, respectively). While, calving to conception interval did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between groups (69.14 ± 9.02 vs 74.40 ± 9.25 days), first AI and overall conception rate was higher in group I (44.44 and 77.78 per cent, respectively) than group II (11.11 and 55.56 per cent, respectively).

This study aimed to determine ultrasound of uterine involution and postpartum ovarian dynamics on Ongole Crossbreed Heifer (PO) associated with postpartum estrus signs. This study used 6 PO cows which were divided into primiparous group and pluripara group. The observation of uterine involution and ovarian dynamics was started from the first day postpartum using ultrasonography (USG) with a linear probe rectally, while the reproductive organs images were recorded every 2 days. The results showed that the time needed for all reproductive organs of 3 primiparous groups to complete the uterine involution after parturition was 37.33±1.15 days when the diameter of the vagina, cervix uterine, corpus uterine, left cornua, and right cornua uterine were 3.14±0.00 cm, 2.86±0.00 cm, 3.20±0.06 cm, 4.66±0.01 cm, and 4.66±0.01 cm, respectively. The time needed for all reproductive organs of 3 pluripara groups to complete uterine involution postpartum was 38.67±1.15 days with the diameter of the vagina, cervix uterine, corpus uterine, left cornua, and right cornua uterine 3.18±0.00 cm, 2.70±0.02 cm, 3.08±0.02 cm, 4.42±0.01 cm, and 4.42±0.01 cm, respectively. The average times of the first and second ovulation of primiparous cattle were 27.67±1.15 and 47.67±1.15 days postpartum, whereas in pluripara group was 28.33±1.15 and 48.33±1.15 days postpartum. At first ovulation all cows were not accompanied by signs of estrus, while at the second ovulation 2 primiparous cows and 1 pluripara cow showed less obvious signs of estrus, 1 primiparous cow and 1 pluripara cow showed signs of medium estrus, and 1 pluripara cow showed clear estrus signs.

As an attempt to prevent transition-period-associated metabolic disorders and/or diseases, the potential benefits of Boswellia sacra (Bs) resin on hematology, immunity, metabolic status, udder and uterus health biomarkers, and milk production were examined in transitioning goats. From 2 weeks prepartum to 7 weeks postpartum, goats (n = 7/treatment) orally received 0 (control, nBS), 2 (BsL), or 4 (BsH) g of Bs resin/goat/day. The results showed that both Bs treatments significantly improved the activity of phagocytes. Both Bs treatments significantly decreased the concentrations of blood plasma urea, non-esterified fatty acids, hydroxybutyric acid, and interleukin-1β, whereas they increased the total antioxidant capacity compared with the nBS treatment. Both Bs treatments significantly decreased the uterine horn diameter and tended to decrease the intrauterine fluid content, indicating improved uterine involution compared with no treatment. Compared with the nBS treatment, both Bs treatments significantly decreased the milk somatic cell count. The lowest milk interleukin-1β content was observed in goats that received the BsL treatment, followed by those that received the BsH and nBS treatments. The BsL treatment significantly increased the concentration of immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the colostrum compared with the other treatments. Both Bs treatments significantly increased the daily milk yield compared with the nBS treatment but did not affect milk composition or the fat-to-protein ratio. In conclusion, supplementing lactating goats in the transition period with Bs resin at a dose of 2 g/goat/day positively affected the body lipid metabolism, udder and uterus health, colostrum IgM content, and milk yield due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.