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The study's significance is determined by the need to implement Industry 4.0 technologies in all sectors of the economy. The goal of this article is to define and systematize the directions for implementing Industry 4.0 tools in the utility sector, as well as develop methodological and theoretical recommendations for assessing the effectiveness of energy-saving technologies. The research methodology consists of factors impacting the comprehensive assessment of the effective energy-saving technologies while applying multi-criteria optimization principles, particularly the Pareto-optimal (efficient) solution. The methods of dialectics, analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison and systematization were used in the research process. Results: emphasized the need of handling energy saving matters in the Ukrainian utility sector in context of escalating aggression from russia; described the major Industry 4.0 technologies that the utility sector's most important economic players are already using or can use. The results of the implementation and operation the state target economic program of energy efficiency as well as development of the Ukrainian energy production sector in 2017-2020 were analyzed. A list of indicators that are markers of effective implementation of energy-saving technologies in the utility sector is provided. The scientific novelty and theoretical significance of the obtained results: the research was conducted using a complete approach to the assessment of innovative energy-saving technologies due to the use of Industry 4.0 tools. This comprehensive approach included consideration of efficiency (environmental, technological, economic, and social). The suggested approach entails evaluating the effects of various factors on the overall effectiveness of the innovative energy-saving program, including the review of potential project risks and the examination of internal connections between these factors. The article's practical value concentrates in the formulation and demonstration of scientific and practical provisions concerning the complete assessment of the efficacy a new technologies implementation. Taking into account the complexity of the situation caused by the russian federation's military aggression and the high level of capital intensity of energy production and transmission processes, the proposed applied methodology allows to determine the directions and develop specific management solutions to increase energy efficiency and energy saving of the Ukrainian utility sector., Актуальність дослідження зумовлена необхідністю впровадження технологій Індустрії 4.0 у всі сфери економіки. Метою статті є визначення та систематизація напрямів впровадження інструментарію Індустрії 4.0 у комунальному секторі та розробка методико-теоретичних рекомендацій щодо оцінювання ефективності енергоощадних технологій. Методика дослідження полягає у розгляді сукупності факторів, що впливають на комплексну оцінку ефективності енергоощадних технологій, з використанням принципів багатокритеріальної оптимізації, а саме, принципу Парето-оптимального (ефективного) рішення. У процесі дослідження використано методи: діалектики, аналізу і синтезу, узагальнення, порівняння та систематизації. Результати: доведено першочерговість розв'язання питань енергоощадності у комунальному секторі України в умовах посилення російської агресії; наведено опис провідних технологій Індустрії 4.0, що вже використовуються та можуть бути використані ключовими економічними агентами у комунальному секторі; наведено перелік показників, які є маркерами ефективного впровадження енергоощадних технологій у комунальному секторі; проаналізовано результати реалізації державної цільової економічної програми енергоефективності та розвитку сфери виробництва енергоносіїв в Україні у 2017-2020 рр. Наукова новизна та теоретична значущість отриманих результатів міститься у тому, що на основі проведеного дослідження запропоновано комплексний підхід до оцінки ефективності (екологічної, технологічної, економічної, соціальної) інноваційних енергоощадних проектів за рахунок реалізації інструментарію Індустрії 4.0. Запропонований підхід полягає в оцінці впливу різних факторів на загальну ефективність інноваційного енергоощадного проекту, в тому числі оцінку можливих ризиків проекту та аналіз внутрішніх взаємозв'язків між цими факторами. Практична значущість статті полягає у розробленні та обґрунтуванні науково-практичних положень щодо до комплексної оцінки ефективності впровадження інноваційних технологій. Враховуючи складність ситуації, обумовленої військовою агресією рф, і високий рівень капіталоємності процесів виробництва і передачі енергії, запропонована прикладна методика дозволяє визначити напрями та розробити конкретні управлінські рішення щодо підвищення енергоефективності та енергоощадності комунального сектору України.

The article is devoted to the formation of a complex system of energy saving in the utility sector of countries. It is noted that a quarter of Ukraine's fixed assets have concentrated in the utility sector, which is more than in the industrial sector as a whole. Trends in the development of resource-saving technologies and the main problems of introducing energy-saving technologies in the utility sector are described in the article. The authors conducted a retrospective analytical review of the state of the utility sector in various countries for the period 2000-2020. It was found that from 70 to 80% of the utility sector depends on energy resources, this phenomenon was called "energy forks". The article states that gradual and consistent saving and energy saving can save energy resources. The authors note that the saved funds can be directed to the renewal of the outdated technical base, the development of new technologies in the utility sector (namely, intelligent "smart accounting, automated information systems for accounting for resource consumption, the transition to quantitative regulation in heat supply systems), all this will contribute to raising the standard of living of the country's population, it will be especially relevant in the post-war period when Ukraine defeats the aggressor country. A number of normative legal acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine regulating the activities of the utility sector and the energy sector (mainly in the part of the regulation of the housing and utility sector) are presented. The prerequisites and main elements of a common information space construction with the possibility of embedding a computerized automated accounting system for utility sector services are given. A system (complex) of actions to increase energy saving in the utility sector is given. The importance of balancing the interests of economic entities, end consumers, and the state for the benefits and results provided to the whole society is indicated in this scheme. This study also provides a broader energy use and savings database for end users, business entities, and government institutions than previous studies., Стаття присвячена формуванню комплексної системи енергозбереження у комунальному секторі країн. Авторами проведено ретроспективний аналітичний огляд стану комунального сектора окремих країн за період 2000-2019рр. Виявлено, що від 70 до 80 % комунального сектору залежить від енергоресурсів. Це явище отримало назву “енергетичні вила”. У статті зазначено, що поетапне та послідовне проведення заощадження та енергозбереження може дати економію енергоресурсів. Автори зазначають, що зекономлені кошти можуть бути спрямовані на оновлення застарілої технічної бази, освоєння нових технологій у комунальному секторі (а саме, інтелектуальний “смарт-облік, автоматизовані інформаційні системи обліку споживання ресурсів, перехід на кількісне регулювання у системах теплопостачання), що буде сприяти підвищенню рівня життя населення країни, це особливо актуально буде у післявоєнний час, коли Україна переможе країну-агресора.

Стаття присвячена формуванню комплексної системи енергозбереження у комунальному секторі країн. Авторами проведено ретроспективний аналітичний огляд стану комунального сектора окремих країн за період 2000–2019 рр. Виявлено, що від 70 до 80 % комунального сектору залежить від енергоресурсів. Це явище отримало назву “енергетичні вила”. У статті зазначено, що поетапне та послідовне проведення заощадження та енергозбереження може дати економію енергоресурсів. Автори зазначають, що зекономлені кошти можуть бути спрямовані на оновлення застарілої технічної бази, освоєння нових технологій у комунальному секторі (а саме, інтелектуальний “смарт-облік, автоматизовані інформаційні системи обліку споживання ресурсів, перехід на кількісне регулювання у системах теплопостачання), що буде сприяти підвищенню рівня життя населення країни, це особливо актуально буде у післявоєнний час, коли Україна переможе країну-агресора. The article is devoted to the formation of a complex system of energy saving in the utility sector of countries. It is noted that a quarter of Ukraine's fixed assets have concentrated in the utility sector, which is more than in the industrial sector as a whole. Trends in the development of resource-saving technologies and the main problems of introducing energy-saving technologies in the utility sector are described in the article. The authors conducted a retrospective analytical review of the state of the utility sector in various countries for the period 2000–2020. It was found that from 70 to 80% of the utility sector depends on energy resources, this phenomenon was called "energy forks". The article states that gradual and consistent saving and energy saving can save energy resources. The authors note that the saved funds can be directed to the renewal of the outdated technical base, the development of new technologies in the utility sector (namely, intelligent "smart accounting, automated information systems for accounting for resource consumption, the transition to quantitative regulation in heat supply systems), all this will contribute to raising the standard of living of the country's population, it will be especially relevant in the post-war period when Ukraine defeats the aggressor country. A number of normative legal acts of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine regulating the activities of the utility sector and the energy sector (mainly in the part of the regulation of the housing and utility sector) are presented. The prerequisites and main elements of a common information space construction with the possibility of embedding a computerized automated accounting system for utility sector services are given. A system (complex) of actions to increase energy saving in the utility sector is given. The importance of balancing the interests of economic entities, end consumers, and the state for the benefits and results provided to the whole society is indicated in this scheme. This study also provides a broader energy use and savings database for end users, business entities, and government institutions than previous studies.

To prevent excavation damages to utilities, as well as their negative side effects, the utility construction domain is hammering on the importance of localizing utilities in advance of excavation activities. Until now, the predominantly applied way of locating utilities is to dig trial trenches. Trial trenches expose utilities and are, therefore, considered the only method that grants absolute certainty about the utilities' locations. On the contrary, trial trenches only provide a local measure and thus require understanding about where to dig a trench. This study explores the rationale behind the trial trench method in practice to assess how effective risk on excavation damages is managed by the method. To assess the effectiveness, a computer-based risk analysis tool that calculates the level of excavation damage risk on a given construction site was used as a benchmark. After conducting a practice-based study in which the trial trench method of three Dutch construction projects was observed, the outcomes of the risk analysis tool were compared with the locations of the trenches dug in practice. Findings demonstrate differences: the number of trial trenches dug in practice is remarkably fewer than suggested by the risk analysis, whilst the locations themselves often do not align with where the risks are the greatest. The study shows that a root cause for the differences between the tool and practice is the difference in the motivation behind digging trial trenches. Illustrative examples of these differences show that the adopted risk management approaches are typically guided by both the decision-maker's risk attitude, including their intuition, judgement and expertise of the decision-maker, and time and budgetary constraints. All in all, this study demonstrates that the sense of accuracy provided by employing trial trenches cannot always be taken for granted. This study furthermore urges practice to rethink their excavation damage risk management approaches, whilst recommending the institutional setting to steer their initiatives towards establishing a mindset of careful excavation among the practice community.

To prevent excavation damages to utilities, as well as their negative side effects, the utility construction domain is hammering on the importance of localizing utilities in advance of excavation activities. Until now, the predominantly applied way of locating utilities is to dig trial trenches. Trial trenches expose utilities and are, therefore, considered the only method that grants absolute certainty about the utilities' locations. On the contrary, trial trenches only provide a local measure and thus require understanding about where to dig a trench. This study explores the rationale behind the trial trench method in practice to assess how effective risk on excavation damages is managed by the method. To assess the effectiveness, a computer-based risk analysis tool that calculates the level of excavation damage risk on a given construction site was used as a benchmark. After conducting a practice-based study in which the trial trench method of three Dutch construction projects was observed, the outcomes of the risk analysis tool were compared with the locations of the trenches dug in practice. Findings demonstrate differences: the number of trial trenches dug in practice is remarkably fewer than suggested by the risk analysis, whilst the locations themselves often do not align with where the risks are the greatest. The study shows that a root cause for the differences between the tool and practice is the difference in the motivation behind digging trial trenches. Illustrative examples of these differences show that the adopted risk management approaches are typically guided by both the decision-maker's risk attitude, including their intuition, judgement and expertise of the decision-maker, and time and budgetary constraints. All in all, this study demonstrates that the sense of accuracy provided by employing trial trenches cannot always be taken for granted. This study furthermore urges practice to rethink their excavation damage risk management approaches, whilst recommending the institutional setting to steer their initiatives towards establishing a mindset of careful excavation among the practice community.

Submitted by Margarida Vilhena Carvalho (mvc@ucp.pt) on 2021-09-29T10:03:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 202749185.pdf: 934312 bytes, checksum: 583de0f035c23dec259e14449e65c88a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-29T10:03:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 202749185.pdf: 934312 bytes, checksum: 583de0f035c23dec259e14449e65c88a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-07-08

A detailed analysis of the Danish industry is presented in this paper using the energy and exergy methods. For the 22 most energy-intensive process industries, which represent about 80% of the total primary energy use of the industrial sector, detailed end-use models were created and analysed with data for the years 2006 and 2012. The sectoral energy and exergy losses, as well as the exergy destruction, were further established to quantify the potential for recovering and valorising heat otherwise lost. By also considering transformation processes occurring in the utility sector, the impact of using electricity and district heat in the industry is shown. The exergy efficiencies for each process industry were found to be in the range of 12–56% in 2012. However variations in the efficiencies within the sectors for individual process industries occur, underlining the need for detailed analyses. The exergy losses amounted to 3800 TJ for the same year. Meanwhile, the complete exergy losses, including the central production of heat and power, exceeded 8700 TJ. This analysis illustrates for the case study of Denmark how waste heat recovery potentials in the industrial sectors are found, by determining the sectors losses and exergy destruction. In addition the importance of applying a system analysis is shown, which corrects the site efficiencies for electricity and district heating use. The use of 22 industries, further highlights differences amongst industries belonging to the same sector.

Актуальность и цели. Золошлаковые отходы котельных ЖКХ представляют собой экологически опасные техногенные образования, однако в силу малых объемов их генерации и накопления вопросы экологической безопасности функционирования предприятий практически не рассматриваются в работах, посвященных проблемам защиты окружающей среды. Вместе с тем угольные котельные располагаются, как правило, в черте городских поселений, не оборудованы специализированными площадками для безопасного хранения своих твердых отходов и имеют устаревшие системы очистки дымовых газов. В совокупности это создает непосредственную угрозу здоровью населения, особенно на территориях с длительным отопительным сезоном. Поэтому актуальной задачей является изучение золошлаковых отходов котельных жилищно-коммунального хозяйства. Цель работы — исследование фракционного состава золошлаковых отходов котельных Приморского края для оценки их влияния на окружающую среду. Модели и методы. Объектами исследования послужили золошлаковые отходы коммунальных котельных № 3.3 и № 4.1 (г. Находка), а также котельной № 4 (г. Дальнегорск). Отбор проб из отвалов котельных был осуществлен в соответствии с ПНД Ф 12.4.2.1—99. Анализ фракционного состава отходов произведен с использованием лазерного анализатора размера частиц “Analysette 22 NanoTec Plus” (Fritch, Германия). Результаты. Установлено, что исследованные техногенные отходы содержат до 60 % частиц гигиенически опасных классов крупности — PM50 (менее 50 мкм). Определена зависимость фракционного состава от способа сжигания твердого топлива. На основе сведений из литературных источников выделена основная форма негативного воздействия угольных котельных ЖКХ на здоровье населения прилегающих территорий. Наглядно показано, что данный вид воздействия захватывает значительную часть жилых районов исследуемых поселений. Приведены способы минимизации воздействия объектов коммунальной энергетики на окружающую среду, используемые в развитых странах. Выводы. Для эффективного пылеподавления золошлаковых отходов коммунальной энергетики предлагается применение различных клеевых композиций на основе твердых отходов производства котельных. Это позволит получить на поверхности отвала золошлаковых отходов эффективную укрывную полимерную пленку, которая будет препятствовать разрушающему воздействию ветровой эрозии и пылению отходов., Actuality and goals. Ash and slag waste of communal housing impose hazards of ecologically dangerous compounds, yet due to low volumes of generation and accumulation, the topics of ecological security are barely considered during the operation processes that are related to the problems of environmental safety. Meanwhile, the coal boilers that are located within settlement limits are not equipped with platforms for the safe storage of their solid waste and have old-fashioned systems for chimney gas purification. Thus, it creates the direct threat for public health, especially in the areas with long heating season. Therefore, researching the ash and slag waste from boilers of the communal housing sector is a topical objective. The research goals are to investigate the fractional composition of ash and salt waste from Primorsky Krai boilers for the purposes of estimation of their environmental effects. Models and methods. The ash and slag waste from boilers of the communal housing No. 3.3, No. 4.1 (Nakhodka) and No. 4 (Dalnegorsk) served as research objects. The samples were taken from the boiler landfills in accordance with PND F 12.4.2.1—99. The analysis of fractional composition of the ash and slag waste was conducted via laser analyzer for particles — Analysette 22 NanoTec Plus (Fritch, Germany). Results. It was found that the researched industrial waste has up to 60 % of particles that are of hazardous size class — PM50 (less than 50 microns). The correlation between fractional composition and burning methods for solid waste was determined. The main form of negative influence of the communal utility boilers on the public health was determined in the nearby areas. It was vividly illustrated that this type of influence is present in the major part of residential areas of the researched settlements. The methods of minimizing the negative influence of the communal power sector on the environment that are applied in the developed countries are suggested. Conclusions. It is suggested to use various glue-like composites that are based on solid communal waste for the purposes of effective dust management. This will create the polymer coverage film on the surface of landfills, which will prevent winding out and dusting of waste.

The construction industry and its reform agendas commonly assume that digitization of a construction asset's life cycle also integrates its stakeholders. Behind this lies the premise that stakeholders reduce ambiguity and create consistency by using software that operates on the basis of shared and uniform knowledge. To explore this premise, this study identified the knowledge bases - data standards and modelling protocols for engineering software - that distinctive underground infrastructure owner’s use. To this end, we analysed a utility engineering consultancy that registers and processes asset data of twelve major utility owners. We observed their utility information managers and studied their asset management guidelines. We used two utility taxonomies from literature to compare identified digital modelling standards. Subsequently, we used literature about modelling standards in digital practices to argue how selected examples of divergent digital models hamper uniformity. We conclude that digital reality models may also differ and thus confuse, fragment, and ultimately delimit collaborative digital practices. This insight stresses the relevance of defining shared domain understanding to facilitate the uptake of software for collaborative engineering practices. It stimulates construction improvement agents to consider this important notion of shared digital realities in their debates about achieving integration by ‘going digital'.

The construction industry and its reform agendas commonly assume that digitization of a construction asset's life cycle also integrates its stakeholders. Behind this lies the premise that stakeholders reduce ambiguity and create consistency by using software that operates on the basis of shared and uniform knowledge. To explore this premise, this study identified the knowledge bases - data standards and modelling protocols for engineering software - that distinctive underground infrastructure owner’s use. To this end, we analysed a utility engineering consultancy that registers and processes asset data of twelve major utility owners. We observed their utility information managers and studied their asset management guidelines. We used two utility taxonomies from literature to compare identified digital modelling standards. Subsequently, we used literature about modelling standards in digital practices to argue how selected examples of divergent digital models hamper uniformity. We conclude that digital reality models may also differ and thus confuse, fragment, and ultimately delimit collaborative digital practices. This insight stresses the relevance of defining shared domain understanding to facilitate the uptake of software for collaborative engineering practices. It stimulates construction improvement agents to consider this important notion of shared digital realities in their debates about achieving integration by ‘going digital'.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:20Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:31:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-83455208360.pdf: 228158 bytes, checksum: 55217a87ee2ef378bb8e969336e148b1 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-19 The aim of this paper is to present the effects of social impacts of Petrobras/Six mining of oil shales over the rural community Dois Irmãos, located at Sao Mateus do Sul city, Paraná state. For making mining areas, PETROBRAS/SIX needs to expropriate areas of its interest. In 2010, for the implementation of the mine Dois Irmão, the last one, 90 families were evicted and they directly suffered the impacts of mining. Of these, 62 families were interviewed in order to investigate the main effects suffered with the expropriation. These results showed that the community had difficulties in upgrading its way of life in new places, experiencing how different types of problems were triggered from the loss of the lands. Faculdade Estadual de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de União da Vitória Análise Ambiental pela Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Federal do Paraná Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Engenharia Mineral pela Universidade de São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic evolution of tariffs in telecommunications, gas, airports, electricity and water in England and Wales. We carry out a statistical analysis of the tariffs charged by the companies, which have been subject to a price-cap since privatisation. The period covered, between 1976 and 1998, allows us to investigate systematic changes in the tariff structure before and after privatisation. In all the industries, with the exception of gas, we identify changes in the tariff structure immediately before privatisation. Some limited evidence of changes in electricity and gas tariffs before the introduction of competition is also found. © 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.