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Social security is an essential instrument for protecting people from falling into poverty due to economic shocks in the event of sickness, work-accident, old age, and death of income producers. Indonesia introduced Law no. 40 Year 2004 on National Social Security System to implement mandatory social security programs for all. Despite the compulsory participation for all, the national social security system's coverage continues to be low and mostly relies on government aids. This study explores and analyzes key factors that need to be considered during the policy options formulation process to ensure the intended policy can support the national social security system's implementation. The findings show the need to build an integrated ecosystem model that is critical for social security implementation by considering the combined use of decision-making approaches and five consideration factors during the policy options formulation. An integrated ecosystem model contributes better policy options formulation that can support the effective implementation of the national social security programs while minimizing implementation risks.

Poorly managed e-waste can lead to public health and environmental problems resulting from the leakage of toxic e-waste substances. Building upon the integrated e-waste management (IEWM) concept, this study aims to propose an integrated and sustainable e-waste management strategy. It also suggests alternative processes for the effective collection, treatment, and disposal of e-waste. In its first stage of system dynamics modeling, the study employed an integrated approach comprising interviews and the Causal Loop Diagram (CLD). Based on the stakeholders’ collaboration and resource management, two alternative scenarios have been proposed: 1) integration to community collection; and 2) scavengers as collection agents. Both scenarios have been implemented by means of public–private partnership (PPP) with industries. Interrelating factors such as governance, physical system, and sustainability aspects have also been analyzed. The proposed alternative scenarios can benefit the municipal government in terms of improving the existing e-waste management channels and, therefore, facilitating a better e-waste management system. They can also ensure better collaboration with related stakeholders in recycling, manufacturing, smelter industry processes, etc., together with strengthening the relationship between the community and the informal sector.

Before making decisions about the location of physical investments (e.g. factories, warehouses, stores, etc.), investors have to conduct thorough profiling on the prospective locations of the physical facilities. For this profiling purpose, investors consider a number of important aspects such as the location’s local resources, market size, economic growth, regional minimum wage (salary) standard, land acquisition cost, human development index, and gross domestic product (GDP). While conducting manual research on those decision variables can cost extensive time and efforts, in this article, we present an open data visual analytics which will help investors in making decisions on the prospective location of physical investments. Investors can use the web-based application to easily gather information and do a quick comparison among prospective investment locations in terms of the selected decision variables.

Traffic congestion reflects waste of time and energy that must be eliminated. Many methods have been employed by past studies to solve this problem. The approach utilized by those studies is mostly macroscopic that consider vehicles and drivers in aggregate. This study argues that a more microscopic approach is also required to depict and solve the congestion problem. Hence, agent-based simulation is brought forward to help identify the cause of congestion problem. In this study, drivers are assumed to have their own motives that might drive them to resort to aggressive behaviors that ultimately lead to traffic congestion. As a preliminary investigation, this study aims to discover type of aggressive driving behavior on Bandung City. The results demonstrate that aggressive dirivng behaviors on Bandung City can be categorized into five factors namely improper speed, inattentiveness, display of hostility, impatience, and disobedience of traffic sign/signals. This study also found that different composition of driving behaviors leads to different degree of congestion. Impatience behavior is found to be the factor that must be eliminate to remedy congestion on Bandung City. Keywords: Driving behavior, traffic congestion, factor analysis, agent-based simulation, smart city

The Indonesia has the immense geographic condition and heterogeneous condition, therefore food security issues could not be aggregated nationally, instead, they have to be described per region. In this paper, the region is defined as a province. Food security issues in every region are dynamic, and generated with complex system structure, will be described in the paper as follows. First, in order to have the comprehensive description of food security, we develop a new spatial system dynamics model that combines the concept of space and time. Previous spatial system dynamics methods could only describe the dynamics of the natural/physical system. The new spatial system dynamics proposed in this paper is designed to accommodate human decision for policy intervention. Then, we develop a decision support system, as follow. (1) After comparing characteristics of each province, we can identify the similarity of all province. We call the similarity as the generic model. (2). We propose a new method of spatial system dynamics that can accommodate the immense geographic condition and the heterogeneity. (3) By combining the generic model and the new method we propose a comprehensive model for decision support system in food security policy. Finally, from the experiments with a simulation of the comprehensive model, we could understand that a policy intervention of food security could give impact differently toward each region. Keywords: System dynamics, spatial system dynamics, food security, modeling, policy

Objective - This paper discusses a literature review regarding finding system dynamics modeling as the preferred approach to building the national energy system model in Indonesia and introduces the uniqueness of the initial system dynamics model of the Indonesia energy mix today. Methodology/Technique - A literature review about system modeling of energy portfolio management worldwide to find the research gaps and to screen for the preferred modeling approach for the country. Along with past statistics in the background, a combination of system dynamics modeling and focus group discussion is subsequently expected to answer the research questions, bridge the research gaps, and contribute a new invention to management science. Findings - The theoretical testing reveals that system dynamics modeling is suitable to simplify and simulate very large, complex dynamic systems of energy supply that get feedback from many subsystems in non-linear fashions and is a good methodology for holistic approaches to understand underlying behavior over time, taking into account all sorts of feedback, including time delays and feedback loops, and those cannot be easily represented by conventional models, vastly applied in a study of sustainable development. Novelty - The uniqueness of the proposed system dynamics approach lies in the inclusion of a series of new variables developed from common characteristic impediments in public policy development using a traditional non-simulation approach, besides its focus on the unprecedented energy supply quality side of the archipelagic country with its unique parameters being highlighted. Type of Paper: Review Keywords: Portfolio Management; Past Performance; System Dynamic Modelling; Initial Model of Energy Close Loop Diagram of Indonesia Today. JEL Classification: Q40, Q48.

The Institute for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (LPIK) is a hub to facilitate and bridge between ITB inventor and Entrepreneurial to interact with the Industry to co-create the value and to commercialize the technology. This institute is under Vice-rector of innovation and partnership of ITB. The study aims to analyze the current situation and propose a web-based platform to facilitate the interaction among the stakeholders in LPIK effectively and efficient. Service science perspective will be used in this study, start from the problem identification until solution development. The methodology was used is the qualitative approach, i.e., focus group discussion (FGD), survey and strategic assumption surfacing and testing (SAST). The finding is the assumption based on the importance, and the certain level of IES development is relevance (absolutely importance-very certain). The other assumption is considered as a factor which influence IES performance is accuracy, customization, content, timeliness, quality of interaction and also format. Keywords: IES (Innovation Entrepreneurship System), platform, service science, strategic assumption surfacing and testing (SAST), value co-creation

Manuscript type: Original Papers Research Aims: To explore the behavioral process of international students on how they can change their decision to remain or return home based on their interactions with other agents during their studies. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses an agent-based methodology approach to simulate the behavior of students based on their interactions while studying abroad. A combination of four parameters with three different scenarios and 40 repetitions in every scenario are conducted to verify the model; 81 simulations are determined to simulate this model. Research Findings: The number of natives interacting with students is proven as one single important parameter that influences the number of remaining students and their probability density. Theoretical Contribution/Originality: Utilisation of agent-based simulation to predict behavior of students Practitioner/Policy Implication: Supporting good quality of life condition for students environmentally and socially Research limitation/Implications: Interaction with fellow students, natives, recruiters abroad and in home country are the only interactions considered in this model. More elaborate and complicated model is needed.

With the proliferation of key account management (KAM) for the past three decades, starting late 1970s and early 1980s, academics attention on business-to-business (B2B) sales and marketing has shifted to KAM. Plenty of company efforts to adopt KAM are failing. On the contrary, some scholars highlighted that research on KAM implementation remains lacking. This paper intends to investigate all research on KAM implementation using the framework of organisational change elements of content, context, and process (CCP). All KAM implementation research is classified based on CCP to investigate the sufficiency number of research on securing the success of KAM implementation. Through a systematic literature review, this paper found a research gap in the process element of implementing KAM. This paper then proposes to conduct further study of using Kotter eight-step change process as the framework to process the implementation of KAM.

Collaborative economy refers to social and economic sharing activities that make entities (customer and peer provider) in-service ecosystem can access services through technology or digital platform. This research aims to give a better understanding of activities and interaction between entities that can potentially elevate the existence of peer-to-peer (P2P) accommodation in Indonesia. Although research regarding the collaborative economy has been accelerating, there has not been a formal conceptualization of interaction from a broadening perspective as a service ecosystem in the context of co-creation. Preliminary study becomes crucial and relevant with the raising of the collaborative economy, based on the consideration that no previous research is considered to be able to explain the dynamics of interaction by using a perspective of Service-Dominant Logic (S-D Logic). This study seeks to answer two research questions, what interactions occur outside consumers, peer providers, platform providers, and how co-creation might be created in the P2P service ecosystem. This conceptual paper draws on the interaction from the perspective of co-creation between entities and stakeholders as a lens by using the systematic-qualitative approach. In general, this study uses the Soft System Methodology (SSM) precisely defining an unstructured situation in the real world. This study tries to initiate the development of phases of co-creation between entities in the service ecosystem. The outcomes of this study enrich the body of knowledge of service science, especially on the way to apply the framework value co-creation. The development of a better service ecosystem across particular engagement remains critical.

Batik industry constitute of one of 14 classified creative industries in Indonesia. As part of creative industry, batik design and the batik product is possible continuously develop. In this research, we focus on Batik Industrial Cluster in central Java, Solo. This research aim is to model value co-creation process and value orchestration platform as a hierarchical service by using service science perspective. We argue value orchestration management strategies to promote Solo as batik industrial clusters to world favourite tourist destination. To achieve it, we first examine and express the situation from batik industrial cluster in Solo by using qualitative approach. Then, we analyze a process model of value co-creation consisting of four phases, i.e., co-experience, co-definition, co-elevation and co-development. The model describes interactive relationship among stakeholders in Batik industrial cluster by involving value co-creation process to supporting such collaboration. Finally, we apply three management strategies of value orchestration platform for orchestrating value co-creation process, i.e., involvement, curation and empowerment strategies.

The current paper examined the level of food or store priorities of undergraduate students in Bandung City to promote better understanding of young generation in Bandung City. Based on two authors' theoretical foundation and Health Promotion Model, student's demographics, characteristics, food choice determinants, and store choice determinants are used as dimension that may consist of eating behavior. The questionnaire's survey of lunchtime eating behavior to the two universities, i.e., Institute Technology Bandung (ITB) and Parahyangan Catholic University (UNPAR) in Bandung City. The Selection of respondents took simple random sampling. Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and ANOVA were used to examine the effect of consumer demographics and consumer characteristics for food and store choice determinants. A total of 251 undergraduate students participated; 54.6% were Males (n=137) and 45.4% were Females (n=114). Most of respondents were Moslem (48.4%) or Christian (40.6%). “Calorie”, “Degree of Congestion”, and Atmosphere (interior and exterior) were less important when they choose food or store. Moslem respondents tend to care food nutrient compared to the other religions. The result of this study is the priority of choosing food and store by respondents and showed national difference by using previous related research.

The urgency of this research arises from the convergence of two dynamics that are transforming the workplace and impacting organization performance. The first is multigenerational workforce work side by side in the same organization even in the same team. The second is informal learning, a major mode of learning in an organization. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the influence of generational background of Baby Boomers, Generation X and Generation Y in relation to informal team learning in the Indonesian business environment. Both, qualitative and quantitative studies were conducted with 21 interviewees and 184 survey respondents representing a total of 191 multigenerational teams participating in this research. The findings suggest that generational background influence informal learner and effective informal team learning, but have no direct impact on team climate. Understanding generational differences will enable individuals to learn informally and create a conducive team climate that will lead to effective informal team learning.

Increasing interests of students and professionals to go abroad generate a problem in terms of the lack of capable human resource along with various reasons that support this phenomenon. This paper addresses preliminary research regarding this matter, explores the circumstances faced by the Indonesian government, and more importantly, how quantitative and qualitative collected data can be combined to generate effective public policy recommendation. The quantitative data is collected using surveys shows that majority of Indonesian students abroad will return and that there are differences in variable importance between our students and professionals preferences, while qualitative data shows valuable information in relation to research condition in Indonesia and international migration. This paper contributes to the evidence-based preliminary research in order to suggest Indonesian government which direction that certain policies should be created to anticipate the possibility of scientists and engineers scarcity in the future.

The process of relocating street vendors causes a lot of harm both physical and non-physical. The clashes are usually triggered by misperception between the government and street vendor. Most street vendors thought that the government ignored their aspiration, while the government thought that the presence of street vendors disturb the traffic flow. Different situation happened in Surakarta, where street vendor in Surakarta voluntarily moved through the specific area prepared by municipal government. Therefore, this paper tries to describe the negotiation strategies that implemented by the former Major of Solo, JokoWidodo (Jokowi) in relocating street vendors. The purpose of this paper to identify determinant factor in relocating street vendors in Surakarta and identify strategic indicators that can be used in addressing the problem of street vendors that may occur in the relocation. To obtain the purpose, this paper used 3D negotiation concept to describe and analyze the negotiation strategies that already implemented in relocating street vendors in Surakarta.

This study focuses on the relationship between factors career path and political stability on the decision making whether to live in Indonesia or to live abroad as their future plans; if they do, what the odds ratio is in each factor to their decisions. This study uses descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression model as the analysis tools for achieving this study’s objectives on fifty respondents. The result shows that most of the respondents are Indonesian male students, while pursuing undergraduate degree abroad with their intention mostly to return home as their future plans. The correlation between career path and political stability is low and negative. The model is not fit, but still at an acceptable level since the significance level is high; it shows that career path will increase the odds ratio people to move abroad or stay abroad almost 3 times likely, while political stability will increase the odds of people to stay abroad by 50%.

Milk production is inherently complex and risky business. Risks and complexities are involved in every production stage and process performed by each actors involved along the milk supply chain. It implies that the success of improving the performance of supply chain will in some degree depend on those actors’ ability to cope with risks and its emerging complexities. This paper proposes a concept for analyzing the risks existing in the milk supply chain. To conceptualize, the use of agent-based methodology is offered in order to capture the risk complexities in the particular chain. A basic agent-based model that can describe the actors’ behavior toward risk and the likely consequences for the entire chain completes the concept.

Land conversion is one complex problem which includes actors and factors with different social levels. In the process of land use change, every small change in decision-making methods used by individuals may significantly affect the outcomes. Agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) is a common approach to analyze and simulate the process of land use change as the result of individual decisions. This paper firstly describes the general problem of agricultural land conversion (ALC) in Jambi Province, Indonesia, in particular in connection to the smallholders’ role. It is then followed by the brief explanation on factors influencing the smallholders’ behaviors. Then, conceptual framework of ABMS in analyzing land conversion as one kind of the land use change/cover (LUCC) processes is presented enriched with agent topologies and the decision-making processes on the agricultural land conversion problem. Finally the proposed model is illustrated through a preliminary case study in Jambi Province, and some scenario on the effect of interaction between farmers and government is described. The framework is still a general approach to analyze simple LUCC problem using ABMS approach.

This research aims to describe the phenomena of cervical cancer spreading in Indonesia limited to cervical cancer spread caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and proposed agent based as an alternative of decision support system for the government. This model focused on the high-risk HPV infection through human sexual behavior. Literature studies, observation, and depth interview with the experts of oncology were implemented. The agent-based simulation (ABS) illustrates the social and sexual interactions in which the HPV may spread easily. It also allows the interaction that occurred if government interventions were implemented and shows how much these actions affect the number of HPV infections. The results gave significant findings on the importance of the government intervention to prioritize on promotion and socialization program on sexual health practice in Indonesia, before implementing both the HPV vaccination (as a national program), and the improvement of the medical treatment on HPV+ patients.

In cases where a trial-and-error experiment is costly or impossible, especially in healthcare industry, researchers have used simulation modeling to avoid the risk caused by a trial-and-error experiment. In healthcare industry, blood supply plays an important role because the shortage of blood could make people’s life at risk. In most countries in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia, blood services have not been considered as an essential service for healthcare support program. Moreover, blood supply chain in low-and-middle-income countries has different characteristics and challenges compared to the high-income countries. For developing countries, one of the important factors is the number of donors. This research conducted to see how the agent makes decision about donating their blood. Finding?

Stakeholder interest and participation is crucial in the success of city tourism. However, further study is needed to elaborate how value co-creation can be enhanced among stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to develop a simulation model that can describe value co-creation processes in city tourism. For doing so, this study uses Surakarta City as a case study because it is one of the famous tourist cities in Central Java, Indonesia. The study was conducted using a soft system dynamics methodology (SSDM). Data were collected using qualitative and quantitative approaches. The research findings were derived through simulation, which shows the best scenario for improving collaboration among stakeholders. By using the concept of a value co-creation process from a service science perspective, it is believed that the simulation model from this study can provide guidance for the city's tourism sector in order to increase its performance. This guidance is especially relevant for the local government of Surakarta.

In the ever-changing, complex, real world, strategy has its own limitation, namely strategy as a wicked problem. Therefore the aim of this manuscript is to provide a literature review as a basis of generic systemic strategy to obtain the highest advantage and then apply it in various fields. The methodology would be investigating the properties of all strategy schools from the point of view of system principles. We found out how strategy have failed by looking at their gaps. Furthermore, findings show the significant gaps between all strategy school of thoughts with properties of system school of thoughts. This would constitute the explanation why available strategy could not cope with the recent complexity and non-linearity. Then there is novelty in the creation of framework fusion between strategy characteristics with problem mapping, as a diagnostic tool, as well a suitable strategy to deal with. This then is called strategy advantage framework.

This paper investigates the case of H5N1 bird flu in Southeast Asia, and develops a basic model of simulation using agent-based modelling to study the dynamic interaction between human activities in Bandung City, West Java province, Indonesia. It evaluates the effectiveness of several policies for Bandung City based on the infection process model for pandemic, depending on social and culture simulation using Spot Oriented Agent Role Simulator or SOARS. The results of these simulations suggest that the government should take action not only from a medical perspective, but also from the perspective of social interactions and their influences on the spread of H5N1 in Bandung City. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.