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Alcohol use disorder is a mental health problem characterized by symptoms such as withdrawal, tolerance, and intense alcohol craving, affecting approximately 8.5% of the global adult population. Non-invasive neuromodulation techniques like repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation are gaining interest in alcohol use disorder treatment. This review aimed to assess the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, deep transcranial magnetic stimulation, and theta burst stimulation protocols in treating alcohol use disorder, focusing on randomized controlled studies with sham. The studies reviewed predominantly target the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Some repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols have shown positive effects on reducing craving and improving cognitive functions, while others did not find significant clinical changes. The results of deep transcranial magnetic stimulation studies targeting the medial prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex also vary; some report reductions in alcohol consumption, while others do not demonstrate significant effects. Theta burst stimulation studies suggest that particularly intermittent theta burst stimulation protocols may be effective in reducing depressive symptoms and relapse risk, whereas continuous theta burst stimulation protocols tend to have shorter and more limited effects. In conclusion, the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of alcohol use disorder varies according to the targeted brain region, stimulation parameters, and patient characteristics. There is a need for studies with larger sample sizes, homogeneous protocols, and long-term follow-ups to more clearly define the role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in alcohol use disorder treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the 5-item Turkish Reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) for the first time. The study involved 875 university students in an adaptation and validation study. Participants completed the rMEQ, MEQ, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Short Form (BIS-SF), and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire Short Form (OHQ-SF). The factor structure, convergent validity, internal consistency, sensitivity, and specificity of the rMEQ were examined. The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the rMEQ had a one-dimensional structure with good fit indices (χ2/df = 2.94, CFI = 0.990, TLI = 0.979, RMSEA = 0.047, and SRMR = 0.019). There was a significantly strong correlation between rMEQ and MEQ. In addition, we found a significantly weak correlation between rMEQ and DASS-21, ISI, BIS-SF, and OHQ-SF. The internal consistency coefficients of rMEQ were Cronbach's α = 0.706 and McDonald's ω = 0.740. The sensitivity and specificity of rMEQ were 83.3%–92.7% for morning types and 86.3%–87.3% for evening types. The Turkish rMEQ has adequate psychometric properties and can be used to assess an individual's chronotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: We aimed to investigate the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationship between Type D personality and insomnia. Materials and Methods: The study is a cross-sectional study conducted among university students. Participants completed a Sociodemographic Data Form, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Type D Personality Scale (DS -14), Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Form (SAS-SF), and Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS). We compared the mean scores of the scales between individuals with and without Type D personality. A correlation analysis was performed between the scales and the mediating role of smartphone addiction in the relationship between Type D personality traits and insomnia severity was examined. Results: The study included 375 participants with a mean age of 22.10 ± 3.95 years, ranging from 18 to 53 years. The results showed that individuals with Type D personality had significantly higher scores on the SAS-SF and ISI, but lower scores on the SVS. We also found a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction, Type D personality traits, and the ISI. Additionally, ther e was a statistically significant negative correlation between SVS and the other scales. Type D personality had a significant effect on ISI scores directly (path c; ß = 0.119; 95% CI = 0.07-0.16) and totally (path c + a x b; ß = 0.148; 95% CI = 0.10-0.19) as well. Smartphone addiction had a partial mediation role in the relationship between DS-14 and ISI. Conclusion: Type D personality traits and smartphone addiction should be questioned in the intervention of insomnia in university students and specific therapies should be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Food addiction is a behavioral addiction that presents with addictive behavioral changes toward high sugar, high fat, and highly palatable foods. This study aims to determine the relationship between food addiction with personality traits, personal habits, and psychiatric symptomatology. Method: In a cross-sectional design study, the participation of 1500 students studying in Konya Selçuk University Central Campus was planned. A sociodemographic data form, Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), and Eysenck's Personality Inventory (EPI) were used for assessment. Results: A total of 1418 forms were included in the statistical analysis. Food addiction prevalence was 11.4% in the study group. The mean YFAS score for total sample was 3.2, whereas it was 3.0 for non-food addicts, and 4.7 for food addicts. According to the logistic regression analysis, there were positive correlations between food addiction and body mass index, social media consumption over 5 hours, psychoticism subscale of EPI, interpersonal relations subscale of SCL-90. Also, there was a positive correlation with irregular eating, skipping meals, the number of snacks, eating time (<10 min and >30 min) and eating alone. All sub-scores for SCL-90 strongly differed between food addicts and non-addicts. Psychoticism and neuroticism scores were positively correlated with food addiction. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that food addiction is associated with some personality traits, personal habits, and psychiatric symptoms in a large university sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Bedtime procrastination (BP) is an unhealthy sleep behavior, but its relationship with Type D (distress) personality has never been examined. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Type D Personality, BP, and Sleep Quality in university students. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we applied the sociodemographic sleep data form, Type D personality scale (DS-14), Bedtime Procrastination Scale (BPS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) (subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction subscales), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). All participants were divided into two groups: Type D personality and non-Type D personality. Sleep variables and scales were compared between these two groups. Additionally, correlation analysis was performed between the scales and the subdimensions of Type D personality. Results: We completed our study with 209 university students (66%, n = 138 female and 34%, n=71 male). The mean age was 22.17 ± 4.33, and 51.2% of the participants had Type D personality. Sleep quality was poor and insomnia was more severe in participants with Type D personality. Participants with Type D personality had more delayed bedtime. Negative affectivity was associated with poor sleep quality, more severe insomnia and BP, but social inhibition was not associated with BP. Conclusion: Clinicians should consider the negative affectivity sub-dimension of Type D personality contributing to BP behavior among university students when planning interventions to reduce BP behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]