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3. Microbiome Research and Aging

Author

Chávez-Elizalde, B. P., Barrera-Vázquez, O. S., Carrillo-Vega, M. F., Gomez-Verjan, Juan Carlos, editor, and Rivero-Segura, Nadia Alejandra, editor

Published
2020
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7. Heavy Metal Removal from Water Using Graphene Oxide in Magnetic-Assisted Adsorption Systems: Characterization, Adsorption Properties, and Modelling.

Author

Melchor-Durán, A. P., Moreno-Virgen, M. R., Bonilla-Petriciolet, A., Reynel-Ávila, H. E., Lucio Ortiz, E., and González-Vázquez, O. F.

Subjects
WATER pollution, WATER purification, ADSORPTION isotherms, HEAVY metals, MAGNETICS
Abstract

This study investigated the adsorption properties of graphene oxide in a magnetic-assisted adsorber for the depollution of water containing heavy metals. Two samples of graphene oxide with different surface chemistry were synthetized and assessed using the magnetic-assisted adsorption systems. One graphene oxide sample exhibited a dual magnetic behavior presenting both diamagnetic and ferromagnetic phases, while the other graphene oxide was diamagnetic. The adsorption properties of these graphene oxide samples for removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ were tested and compared with and without a magnetic field exposure. The results showed that the Pb2+ removal increased using both graphene oxide samples in the magnetic-assisted configuration, while Cu2+ adsorption was less sensitive to the application of the magnetic field. A monolayer model was used to simulate all the heavy metal adsorption isotherms quantified experimentally. It was concluded that the adsorption mechanism designed to remove Pb2+ and Cu2+ using tested graphene oxide samples was mainly multi-ionic where two metallic cations could interact with one active site (i.e., oxygenated functional groups) from the adsorbent surface. The oxygenated surface functionalities of graphene oxide samples played a relevant role in determining the impact of magnetic field exposure on the heavy metal removal efficacy. Magnetic-assisted adsorption using graphene oxide is an interesting alternative to reduce the concentration of Pb2+ in polluted effluents, and it can also be applied to improve the performance of adsorbents with a limited concentration of oxygenated functional groups, which usually show poor removal of challenging water pollutants such as toxic heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Guidelines and Considerations for Metabolic Tolerance Tests in Mice

Author

Benedé-Ubieto R, Estévez-Vázquez O, Ramadori P, Cubero FJ, and Nevzorova YA

Subjects
metabolic tolerance test, t2dm, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance., Specialties of internal medicine, RC581-951
Abstract

Raquel Benedé-Ubieto,1,* Olga Estévez-Vázquez,1,* Pierluigi Ramadori,2 Francisco Javier Cubero,3,4 Yulia A Nevzorova1,4,5 1Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain; 2Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; 3Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology & ENT, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain; 4 12 de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; 5Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yulia A NevzorovaDepartment of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, c/José A. Novais, 2, Madrid 28040, SpainTel +49-(0)241-80-80662Fax +49-(0)241-80-82455Email ynevzorova@ukaachen.deAbstract: The epidemic of the century, Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is continuously rising. Intensive research is urgently needed whereby experimental models represent an essential tool to optimise the diagnostic strategy and to improve therapy. In this review, we describe the central principles of the metabolic tests available in order to study glucose and insulin homeostasis in mice, focusing on the most widely used – the glucose and insulin tolerance tests. We provide detailed experimental procedures as well as the practical implementation of these methods and discuss the main factors that should be taken into account when using this methodology.Keywords: metabolic tolerance test, T2DM, obesity, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance

Published
2020

10. Optimal Window for the Estimation of Very Low Frequency Content in Heart Rate Variability Analysis

Author

Becerra-Luna, B., Martínez-Memije, R., Cartas-Rosado, R., Infante-Vázquez, O., Sánchez-García, J. C., Sánchez-Pérez, G., Magjarevic, Ratko, Editor-in-Chief, Ładyżyński, Piotr, Series Editor, Ibrahim, Fatimah, Series Editor, Lacković, Igor, Series Editor, Rock, Emilio Sacristan, Series Editor, Lhotska, Lenka, editor, Sukupova, Lucie, editor, and Ibbott, Geoffrey S., editor

Published
2019
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11. On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts

Author

HAWC collaboration, Abeysekara, A. U., Aguilar, J. A., Aguilar, S., Alfaro, R., Almaraz, E., Álvarez, C., Álvarez-Romero, J. de D., Álvarez, M., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J. C., Badillo, C., Barber, A., Baughman, B. M., Bautista-Elivar, N., Belmont, E., Benítez, E., BenZvi, S. Y., Berley, D., Bernal, A., Bonamente, E., Braun, J., Caballero-Lopez, R., Cabrera, I., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Castillo, M., Chambers, L., Conde, R., Condreay, P., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., D'Olivo, J. C., de la Fuente, E., De León, C., Delay, S., Delepine, D., DeYoung, T., Diaz, L., Diaz-Cruz, L., Dingus, B. L., Duvernois, M. A., Edmunds, D., Ellsworth, R. W., Fick, B., Fiorino, D. W., Flandes, A., Fraija, N. I., Galindo, A., García-Luna, J. L., García-Torales, G., Garfias, F., González, L. X., González, M. M., Goodman, J. A., Grabski, V., Gussert, M., Guzmán-Ceron, C., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harris, T., Hays, E., Hernandez-Cervantes, L., Hüntemeyer, P. H., Imran, A., Iriarte, A., Jimenez, J. J., Karn, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kieda, D., Langarica, R., Lara, A., Lauer, R., Lee, W. H., Linares, E. C., Linnemann, J. T., Longo, M., Luna-García, R., Martínez, H., Martínez, J., Martínez, L. A., Martínez, O., Martínez-Castro, J., Martos, M., Matthews, J., McEnery, J. E., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza-Torres, J. E., Miranda-Romagnoli, P. A., Montaruli, T., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Napsuciale, M., Nava, J., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Oceguera-Becerra, T., Tapia, A. Olmos, Orozco, V., Pérez, V., Pérez-Pérez, E. G., Perkins, J. S., Pretz, J., Ramirez, C., Ramírez, I., Rebello, D., Rentería, A., Reyes, J., Rosa-González, D., Rosado, A., Ryan, J. M., Sacahui, J. R., Salazar, H., Salesa, F., Sandoval, A., Santos, E., Schneider, M., Shoup, A., Silich, S., Sinnis, G., Smith, A. J., Sparks, K., Springer, W., Suárez, F., Suarez, N., Taboada, I., Tellez, A. F., Tenorio-Tagle, G., Tepe, A., Toale, P. A., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T. N., Valdes-Galicia, J., Vanegas, P., Vasileiou, V., Vázquez, O., Vázquez, X., Villaseñor, L., Wall, W., Walters, J. S., Warner, D., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I. G., Wood, J., Yodh, G. B., Zaborov, D., and Zepeda, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present the sensitivity of HAWC to Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). HAWC is a very high-energy gamma-ray observatory currently under construction in Mexico at an altitude of 4100 m. It will observe atmospheric air showers via the water Cherenkov method. HAWC will consist of 300 large water tanks instrumented with 4 photomultipliers each. HAWC has two data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The main DAQ system reads out coincident signals in the tanks and reconstructs the direction and energy of individual atmospheric showers. The scaler DAQ counts the hits in each photomultiplier tube (PMT) in the detector and searches for a statistical excess over the noise of all PMTs. We show that HAWC has a realistic opportunity to observe the high-energy power law components of GRBs that extend at least up to 30 GeV, as it has been observed by Fermi LAT. The two DAQ systems have an energy threshold that is low enough to observe events similar to GRB 090510 and GRB 090902b with the characteristics observed by Fermi LAT. HAWC will provide information about the high-energy spectra of GRBs which in turn could help to understanding about e-pair attenuation in GRB jets, extragalactic background light absorption, as well as establishing the highest energy to which GRBs accelerate particles.

Published
2011
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12. First-principles predictions of low-energy phases of multiferroic BiFeO3

Author

Diéguez, Oswaldo, González-Vázquez, O. E., Wojdeł, Jacek C., and Íñiguez, Jorge

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We used first-principles methods to perform a systematic search for potentially-stable phases of multiferroic BiFeO3. We considered a simulation cell compatible with the atomic distortions that are most common among perovskite oxides, and found a large number of local minima of the energy within 100 meV/f.u. of the ferroelectric ground state. We discuss the variety of low-symmetry structures discovered, as well as the implications of these findings as regards current experimental (e.g., on thin films displaying {\em super-tetragonal} phases) and theoretical (on models for BiFeO3's structural phase transitions) work on this compound., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures, accepted in PRB (contains small changes in the text with respect to the first version)

Published
2010
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13. Atmospheric Plasma Treatment to Improve PHB Coatings on 316L Stainless Steel.

Author

Radilla, J., Martínez, H., Vázquez, O., and Campillo, B.

Subjects
SURFACE preparation, RAMAN microscopy, SPIN coating, POLYMER degradation, STAINLESS steel
Abstract

In the present study, biopolymeric coatings of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) were deposited on 316L stainless steel substrates. The PHB coatings were developed using the spin coating method. To improve the adhesion of the PHB coating on the substrate, this method uses an atmospheric plasma treatment. Adhesion tests show a 156% increase in adhesion after 5 s of surface treatment. Raman spectroscopy analysis of the polymer shows the incorporation of functional groups and the formation of new hydrogen bonds, which can help us bind drugs and promote osteogenesis after plasma treatment. Additionally, the electrochemical behaviors in artificial body fluids (Hanks' solution) of the PHB coatings on the steel were evaluated with potentiodynamic tests, which revealed a decrease in the corrosion current and resistance to the transfer of the charge from the electrolyte to the 316L steel because of the PHB coating. All the PHB coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy after the electrochemical tests. This analysis confirmed the diffusion of electrolyte species toward the surface and the degradation of the polymer chain for the first 15 s of treatment with atmospheric plasma. These findings support the claim that plasma surface modification is a quick, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective method to enhance the performance of PHB coatings on 316L stainless steel for medical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. Pressure-induced structural, electronic, and magnetic effects in BiFeO3

Author

Gonzalez-Vazquez, O. E. and Iniguez, Jorge

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

We present a first-principles study of multiferroic BiFeO3 at high pressures. Our work reveals the main structural (change in Bi's coordination and loss of ferroelectricity), electronic (spin crossover and metallization), and magnetic (loss of order) effects favored by compression and how they are connected. Our results are consistent with the striking manifold transition observed experimentally by Gavriliuk et al. [Phys. Rev. B 77, 155112 (2008)] and provide an explanation for it., Comment: 4 pages with 4 figures embedded. More information at http://www.icmab.es/dmmis/leem/jorge

Published
2008
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18. Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Author

Imna Trigueros V, Miguel Ramón C, José Vázquez O, Juan Aguirre M, Carlos Garcia C, and Jaime Martínez T

Subjects
Consumption, weight gain, neem, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

ABSTRACT Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior.

Published
2015

20. On the sensitivity of the HAWC observatory to gamma-ray bursts

Author

Abeysekara, A.U., Aguilar, J.A., Aguilar, S., Alfaro, R., Almaraz, E., Álvarez, C., Álvarez-Romero, J. de D., Álvarez, M., Arceo, R., Arteaga-Velázquez, J.C., Badillo, C., Barber, A., Baughman, B.M., Bautista-Elivar, N., Belmont, E., Benítez, E., BenZvi, S.Y., Berley, D., Bernal, A., Bonamente, E., Braun, J., Caballero-Lopez, R., Cabrera, I., Carramiñana, A., Carrasco, L., Castillo, M., Chambers, L., Conde, R., Condreay, P., Cotti, U., Cotzomi, J., D’Olivo, J.C., de la Fuente, E., De León, C., Delay, S., Delepine, D., DeYoung, T., Diaz, L., Diaz-Cruz, L., Dingus, B.L., Duvernois, M.A., Edmunds, D., Ellsworth, R.W., Fick, B., Fiorino, D.W., Flandes, A., Fraija, N.I., Galindo, A., Garcı´a-Luna, J.L., Garcı´a-Torales, G., Garfias, F., González, L.X., González, M.M., Goodman, J.A., Grabski, V., Gussert, M., Guzmán-Ceron, C., Hampel-Arias, Z., Harris, T., Hays, E., Hernandez-Cervantes, L., Hüntemeyer, P.H., Imran, A., Iriarte, A., Jimenez, J.J., Karn, P., Kelley-Hoskins, N., Kieda, D., Langarica, R., Lara, A., Lauer, R., Lee, W.H., Linares, E.C., Linnemann, J.T., Longo, M., Luna-García, R., Martı´nez, H., Martínez, J., Martı´nez, L.A., Martı´nez, O., Martı´nez-Castro, J., Martos, M., Matthews, J., McEnery, J.E., Medina-Tanco, G., Mendoza-Torres, J.E., Miranda-Romagnoli, P.A., Montaruli, T., Moreno, E., Mostafa, M., Napsuciale, M., Nava, J., Nellen, L., Newbold, M., Noriega-Papaqui, R., Oceguera-Becerra, T., Olmos Tapia, A., Orozco, V., Pérez, V., Pérez-Pérez, E.G., Perkins, J.S., Pretz, J., Ramirez, C., Ramírez, I., Rebello, D., Rentería, A., Reyes, J., Rosa-González, D., Rosado, A., Ryan, J.M., Sacahui, J.R., Salazar, H., Salesa, F., Sandoval, A., Santos, E., Schneider, M., Shoup, A., Silich, S., Sinnis, G., Smith, A.J., Sparks, K., Springer, W., Suárez, F., Suarez, N., Taboada, I., Tellez, A.F., Tenorio-Tagle, G., Tepe, A., Toale, P.A., Tollefson, K., Torres, I., Ukwatta, T.N., Valdes-Galicia, J., Vanegas, P., Vasileiou, V., Vázquez, O., Vázquez, X., Villaseñor, L., Wall, W., Walters, J.S., Warner, D., Westerhoff, S., Wisher, I.G., Wood, J., Yodh, G.B., Zaborov, D., and Zepeda, A.

Published
2012
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28. Abstract P5-14-08: Not presented

Author

Galindo-Vázquez, O, primary, Baragalló-Rocha, E, additional, Cabrera-Galeana, P, additional, Costas-Muñiz, R, additional, Lerma, A, additional, and Esparza-Arias, N, additional

Published
2019
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29. Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Author

Carlos Garcia C, Miguel Ramón C, Imna Trigueros, Juan Aguirre M, Jaime Martínez T, and José Vázquez O

Subjects
Consumption, Linoleic acid, Aquatic Science, Feed conversion ratio, Palmitic acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Botany, medicine, Food science, chemistry.chemical_classification, lcsh:Veterinary medicine, General Veterinary, biology, Broiler, food and beverages, weight gain, Azadirachta, biology.organism_classification, Eicosapentaenoic acid, neem, chemistry, lcsh:SF600-1100, Animal Science and Zoology, medicine.symptom, Weight gain, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract

Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior.RESUMENObjetivo. Evaluar la productividad y composición de ácidos grasos en pollos alimentados con dietas adicionadas con harina de semilla de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 80 pollos mixtos de la estirpe Arbor Acres de engorda y se evaluaron los niveles 0, 1, 3 y 5% de harina de semilla de neem añadidos a una dieta comercial. En cada tratamiento se tuvieron 20 unidades experimentales con una duración de cinco semanas. Se registró el consumo y la ganancia de peso, así como la composición de los ácidos grasos de la grasa mediante transesterificación alcalina. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por el procedimiento completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Resultados. La mayor ganancia de peso, consumo y la mejor conversión alimenticia correspondió al tratamiento que contenia 1% de harina de semilla de neem. También propició el aumento en la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados especialmente en el ácido linoleico, (C18:2 omega-6) y en el ácido eicosapentaenoico (C20:5 omega-3), y de manera concomitante se redujo la proporción del ácido palmítico (C16:0). El consumo de alimento disminuyó al adicionar 5% de harina de neem. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la incorporación de 1% de harina de semilla de neem en la dieta de los pollos de engorda modifica la composición de ácidos grasos sin perjudicar su comportamiento productivo.

Published
2015

35. Asymptomatic Severe Vagal and Sympathetic Cardiac Denervation in Holmes-Adie’s Syndrome

Author

Estañol, B., Callejas-Rojas, R. C., Cortés, S., Martínez-Memije, R., Infante-Vázquez, O., and Delgado-García, G.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

A 40-year-old woman was found to have bilateral Adie’s pupils and generalized muscle stretch areflexia. She did not have orthostatic hypotension but, in an ECG strip in the office, she appeared to have an almost fixed heart rate. We thus studied the heart rate variability (HRV) and the systolic blood pressure variability (SBPV) in supine and standing position and also during rhythmic breathing. We found a decreased HRV in the time domain with very low standard deviation in supine and standing position and during rhythmic breathing. HRV in the frequency domain was low with a decrease in the absolute power of HF and LF and a decrease in the sympathovagal balance in supine and standing positions. SBPV in the time and frequency domains was found to be normal. This patient with Holmes-Adie syndrome had an asymptomatic severe loss of HRV and a preserved SBPV. The global decrease in the HRV in the time and frequency domains indicated that she had both vagal and sympathetic cardiac denervation, whereas the preserved SBPV suggested normal innervation of the blood vessels.

Published
2017
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38. Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Author

Trigueros V, Imna, Ramón C, Miguel, Vázquez O, José, Aguirre M, Juan, Garcia C, Carlos, and Martínez T, Jaime

Subjects
Consumption, ganancia de peso, weight gain, Consumo, neem
Abstract

Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior. Objetivo. Evaluar la productividad y composición de ácidos grasos en pollos alimentados con dietas adicionadas con harina de semilla de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 80 pollos mixtos de la estirpe Arbor Acres de engorda y se evaluaron los niveles 0, 1, 3 y 5% de harina de semilla de neem añadidos a una dieta comercial. En cada tratamiento se tuvieron 20 unidades experimentales con una duración de cinco semanas. Se registró el consumo y la ganancia de peso, así como la composición de los ácidos grasos de la grasa mediante transesterificación alcalina. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por el procedimiento completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Resultados. La mayor ganancia de peso, consumo y la mejor conversión alimenticia correspondió al tratamiento que contenia 1% de harina de semilla de neem. También propició el aumento en la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados especialmente en el ácido linoleico, (C18:2 omega-6) y en el ácido eicosapentaenoico (C20:5 omega-3), y de manera concomitante se redujo la proporción del ácido palmítico (C16:0). El consumo de alimento disminuyó al adicionar 5% de harina de neem. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la incorporación de 1% de harina de semilla de neem en la dieta de los pollos de engorda modifica la composición de ácidos grasos sin perjudicar su comportamiento productivo.

Published
2015

40. Crecimiento y distribución de biomasa aérea en clones de castaño híbrido a edad temprana

Author

García Villabrille, Juan Daniel, Arias Vázquez, O., Ferradás García, H., Gorgoso Varela, José Javier, Rojo Alboreca, Alberto, García Villabrille, Juan Daniel, Arias Vázquez, O., Ferradás García, H., Gorgoso Varela, José Javier, and Rojo Alboreca, Alberto

Abstract

Se presentan los resultados de la medición en 228 ejemplares de castaños híbridos de 20 clones distintos en vivero, de edades comprendidas entre 4 y 7 años. Se realizaron muestreos destructivos para caracterizar las principales potencialidades de los clones en lo que se refiere a crecimiento y distribución de la biomasa aérea (fuste y ramas). Así, se elaboró una tarifa de biomasa total (peso seco), conjunta para todos los clones, en cuyo ajuste las mejores variables fueron el diámetro en la base y el diámetro normal, con R2 = 0,87 y REMC = 0,61 kg árbol-1. Además, se establecieron unos rankings de clones según su capacidad para obtener: — Una mayor capacidad de ramificación (medida mediante la biomasa de ramas), por su influencia en la aptitud para producción de fruto. — Una mayor producción de biomasa del fuste y del crecimiento en diámetro y altura, por su influencia en la aptitud para uso forestal maderable.

Published
2016

44. Modelo matemático de la transferencia de calor para predecir el perfil de durezas en probetas Jominy

Author

López, E., Hernández, J. B., Solorio, G., Vergara, H. J., Vázquez, O., and Garnica, P.

Subjects
Simulación numérica, Jominy test, Problema inverso de conducción de calor, AISI 4140, Numerical simulation, Ensayo Jominy, Finite difference method, Inverse heat conduction problem, Método de diferencias finitas
Abstract

The heat transfer coefficient was estimated at the bottom surface at Jominy bar end quench specimen by solution of the heat inverse conduction problem. A mathematical model based on the finite-difference method was developed to predict thermal paths and volume fraction of transformed phases. The mathematical model was codified in the commercial package Microsoft Visual Basic v. 6. The calculated thermal path and final phase distribution were used to evaluate the hardness distribution along the AISI 4140 Jominy bar. En el presente trabajo se estimó el coeficiente de transferencia de calor en la superficie que se encuentra en contacto con el chorro de agua en la probeta Jominy mediante la solución del problema inverso de conducción de calor. Con el objetivo de predecir los perfiles térmicos y las fracciones de fase transformadas se formuló un modelo matemático con el método de diferencias finitas y se codificó en el software comercial Microsoft Visual Basic v. 6. Los perfiles térmicos y las fracciones de fase calculadas se utilizaron para predecir el perfil de durezas en una probeta Jominy de acero AISI 4140 mediante el uso de correlaciones empíricas.

Published
2013
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45. Productivity and Composition of Fatty Acids in Chicks fed with Azadirachta indica A. Juss

Author

Trigueros V., Imna, C., Miguel Ramón, Vázquez O., José, Aguirre Medina, Juan Francisco, Garcia C., Carlos, Martínez Tinajero, Jaime Jorge, Trigueros V., Imna, C., Miguel Ramón, Vázquez O., José, Aguirre Medina, Juan Francisco, Garcia C., Carlos, and Martínez Tinajero, Jaime Jorge

Abstract

Objective. Evaluate the productivity and composition of fatty acids in chicks fed diets enriched with neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss seed flour. Materials and methods. 80 mixed broiler chicks of Arbor Acres stock and levels 0, 1, 3 and 5% neem seed flour added to a commercial diet were evaluated. 20 experimental units were included in each treatment for five weeks. The consumption and weight gain were recorded, as well as the composition of fatty acids in the fat by means of alkaline transesterification. Data was statistically analyzed by a completely random procedure and the measurements were compared with the Tukey test(p≤0.05). Results. The greatest weight gain, consumption and best feed conversion were found in the treatment that contains 1% neem seed flour. It also produced the increase in the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially linoleic acid (C18:2 Omega-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 omega-3), and the proportion of palmitic acid (C16:0). The consumption of feed diminished when 5% of neem flour was added. Conclusions. It was demonstrated that incorporating 1% neem seed flour in the diet of broiler chicks modifies the consumption of fatty acids without harming its productive behavior., Objetivo. Evaluar la productividad y composición de ácidos grasos en pollos alimentados con dietas adicionadas con harina de semilla de neem Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Materiales y métodos. Se emplearon 80 pollos mixtos de la estirpe Arbor Acres de engorda y se evaluaron los niveles 0, 1, 3 y 5% de harina de semilla de neem añadidos a una dieta comercial. En cada tratamiento se tuvieron 20 unidades experimentales con una duración de cinco semanas. Se registró el consumo y la ganancia de peso, así como la composición de los ácidos grasos de la grasa mediante transesterificación alcalina. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente por el procedimiento completamente al azar y las medias se compararon con la prueba de Tukey (p≤ 0.05). Resultados. La mayor ganancia de peso, consumo y la mejor conversión alimenticia correspondió al tratamiento que contenia 1% de harina de semilla de neem. También propició el aumento en la proporción de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados especialmente en el ácido linoleico, (C18:2 omega-6) y en el ácido eicosapentaenoico (C20:5 omega-3), y de manera concomitante se redujo la proporción del ácido palmítico (C16:0). El consumo de alimento disminuyó al adicionar 5% de harina de neem. Conclusiones. Se demostró que la incorporación de 1% de harina de semilla de neem en la dieta de los pollos de engorda modifica la composición de ácidos grasos sin perjudicar su comportamiento productivo.

Published
2015

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