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In this article, we propose a conceptual and methodological framework for measuring the impact of the introduction of AI systems in decision settings, based on the concept of technological dominance, i.e. the influence that an AI system can exert on human judgment and decisions. We distinguish between a negative component of dominance (automation bias) and a positive one (algorithm appreciation) by focusing on and systematizing the patterns of interaction between human judgment and AI support, or reliance patterns, and their associated cognitive effects. We then define statistical approaches for measuring these dimensions of dominance, as well as corresponding qualitative visualizations. By reporting about four medical case studies, we illustrate how the proposed methods can be used to inform assessments of dominance and of related cognitive biases in real-world settings. Our study lays the groundwork for future investigations into the effects of introducing AI support into naturalistic and collaborative decision-making.

Information and communication technologies are being used for the social connection of people living in residential aged care. However, in HCI research concerning technology use in aged care, the perspectives of care and technology providers have received limited attention. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 15 aged care workers and technology providers to investigate the challenges and opportunities of deploying technologies in aged care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings highlighted that technologies such as videoconferencing and smart displays connected residents with family and friends, kept families informed and reassured, and were used in small groups to meet individual needs. However, limitations in video calling, staff fatigue, volunteer availability, and infrastructural resources presented barriers to technology deployment. Future use of technology for social connection in aged care requires careful facilitation from staff, better resourcing and infrastructural support, collaborations with volunteers, and more attention to individual needs.

We shall consider a result of Fel’dman, where a sharp Baker-type lower bound is obtained for linear forms in the values of some E-functions. Fel’dman’s proof is based on an explicit construction of Padé approximations of the first kind for these functions. In the present paper, we introduce Padé approximations of the second kind for the same functions and use these to obtain a slightly improved version of Fel’dman’s result.

Three variations on the Stern-Brocot sequence are related to the celebrated Thue-Morse sequence. In the present note, the generating power series of these four sequences are considered. Whereas one of these was known to define a rational function, the other three are proved here to be algebraically independent over \(\mathcal{ℂ}(z)\). Then this statement is fairly generalized by including the functions \(Φ(z)\), \(Φ({-z})\), \(Ψ(z)\), \(Ψ(z^2)\), where \(Φ\) and \(Ψ\) denote the generating power series of the Rudin-Shapiro and Baum-Sweet sequence, respectively. Moreover, some arithmetical applications are given., Résumé Trois variantes de la suite de Stern-Brocot sont liées à la célèbre suite de Thue-Morse. Dans la présente note, les fonctions génératrices de ces quatre suites sont considérées. Tandis que l’une d’entre elles est connue comme étant rationnelle, l’indépendance algébrique sur \(\mathcal{ℂ}(z)\) des trois autres est démontrée ici. Puis, ce théorème est généralisé de sorte que les fonctions \(Φ(z)\), \(Φ({-z})\), \(Ψ(z)\), \(Ψ(z^2)\) sont aussi considérées, où \(Φ\) et \(Ψ\) indiquent les fonctions génératrices des suites de Rudin-Shapiro et de Baum-Sweet, respectivement. Quelques applications arithmétiques sont également données.

We prove algebraic independence of functions satisfying a simple form of algebraic Mahler functional equations. The main result (Theorem 1.1) partly generalizes a result obtained by Kubota. This result is deduced from a quantitative version of it (Theorem 2.1), which is proved by using an inductive method originated by Duverney. As an application we can also generalize a recent result by Bundschuh and the second named author (Theorem 1.2 and its corollary).

We study infinite products \(F(z)=\prod_{j\ge0}p(z^{d^j})\), where \(d\ge2\) is an integer and \(p\in\mathbb{C}[z]\) with \(p(0)=1\) has at least one zero not lying on the unit circle. In that case, \(F\) is a transcendental function and we are mainly interested in conditions for its hypertranscendence. Moreover, we investigate finite sets of infinite products of type \(F\) and show that, under certain natural assumptios, these functions and their first derivatives are algebraically independent over \(\mathbb{C}(z)\).

We estimate the linear independence measures for the values of a class of Mahler functions of degrees 1 and 2. For this purpose, we study the determinants of suitable Hermite–Padé approximation polynomials. Based on the non-vanishing property of these determinants, we apply the functional equations to get an infinite sequence of approximations that is used to produce the linear independence measures.

Algebraic independence of values of certain infinite products is proved, where the transcendence of such numbers was already established by Tachiya. As applications explicit examples of algebraically independent numbers are also given.

Germ-line or somatic inactivation of BRCA1 is a defining feature for a portion of human breast cancers. Here we evaluated the anti-proliferative activity of 198 FDA-approved and experimental drugs against four BRCA1-mutant (HCC1937, MDA-MB-436, SUM1315MO2, and SUM149PT) and four BRCA1-wild-type (MDA-MB-231, SUM229PE, MCF10A, and MCF7) breast cancer cell lines. We found that all BRCA1-mutant cell lines were insensitive to inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 and 2 (MEK1/2) Selumetinib and Pimasertib in contrast to BRCA1-wildtype control cell lines. However, unexpectedly, only two BRCA1-mutant cell lines, HCC1937 and MDA-MB-436, were hypersensitive to a nucleotide analogue 6-thioguanine (6-TG). SUM149PT cells readily formed radiation-induced RAD51-positive nuclear foci indicating a functional homologous recombination, which may explain their resistance to 6-TG. However, the reason underlying 6-TG resistance of SUM1315MO2 cells remains unclear. Our data reveal a remarkable heterogeneity among BRCA1-mutant cell lines and provide a reference for future studies.

Several studies indicate that intake of calcium can inhibit iron absorption especially when taken simultaneously. In the CALEUR study, a cross-sectional study among girls (mean 13.5 y) and young women (mean 22.0 y) in six European countries, the association between calcium intake and iron status was studied. In 1,080 girls and 524 women, detailed information on calcium intake was collected by means of a 3-d food record, and serum ferritin, serum iron, serum transferrin and transferrin saturation were measured as indicators of iron status. The mean levels of serum iron, ferritin and transferrin were 15.8 ± 6.1 mmol/L, 34.5 ± 19.1 μg/L and 3.47 ± 0.47 g/L, respectively, in girls and 16.9 ± 7.5 mmol/L, 40.2 ± 30.5 and μg/L, 3.59 ± 0.60 g/L, respectively, in women. A consistent inverse association between calcium intake and serum ferritin was found, after adjusting the linear regression model for iron intake, age, menarche, protein, tea and vitamin C intake and country, irrespective of whether calcium was ingested simultaneously with iron. The adjusted overall regression coefficients for girls and women were -0.57 ± 0.20 and -1.36 ± 0.46 per 100 mg/d increase in calcium intake, respectively. Only in girls, transferrin saturation as a measure for short-term iron status was inversely associated with calcium intake (adjusted overall coefficient -0.18 ± 0.08). However, analysis per country separately showed no consistency. We conclude that dietary calcium intake is weakly inversely associated with blood iron status, irrespective of whether calcium was ingested simultaneously with iron.Chemicals/CAS: Ascorbic Acid, 50-81-7; Calcium, Dietary; Dietary Proteins; Ferritins, 9007-73-2; Iron, 7439-89-6; Iron, Dietary; Transferrin, 11096-37-0