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[Abstract] Several bifunctional chelators have been synthesized in the last years for the development of new 64Cu-based PET agents for in vivo imaging. When designing a metal-based PET probe, it is important to achieve high stability and kinetic inertness once the radioisotope is coordinated. Different competitive assays are commonly used to evaluate the possible dissociation mechanisms that may induce Cu(II) release in the body. Among them, acid-assisted dissociation tests or transchelation challenges employing EDTA or SOD are frequently used to evaluate both solution thermodynamics and the kinetic behavior of potential metal-based systems. Despite of this, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) bioreduction pathway that could be promoted by the presence of bioreductants still remains little explored. To fill this gap we present here a detailed spectroscopic study of the kinetic behavior of different macrocyclic Cu(II) complexes. The complexes investigated include the cross-bridge cyclam derivative [Cu(CB-TE1A)]+, whose structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid-assisted dissociation mechanism was investigated using HClO4 and HCl to analyse the effect of the counterion on the rate constants. The complexes were selected so that the effects of complex charge and coordination polyhedron could be assessed. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted to investigate whether the reduction to Cu(I) falls within the window of common bioreducing agents. The most striking behavior concerns the [Cu(NO2Th)]2+ complex, a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivative containing two methylthiazolyl pendant arms. This complex is extremely inert with respect to dissociation following the acid-catalyzed mechanism, but dissociates rather quickly in the presence of a bioreductant like ascorbic acid. The authors thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-104626GB-I00) and Xunta de Galicia (ED431B 2020/52) for generous financial support. R.U.-V. thanks Xunta de Galicia (Grant ED481A-2018/314) for funding her PhD contract. V. P. and R. T. acknowledge the Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. L.V. thanks CACTI (Universidade de Vigo) for X-ray measurements Xunta de Galicia; ED431B 2020/52 Xunta de Galicia; ED481A-2018/314

Three new bifunctional copper chelators based on the 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) platform have been synthesized and conjugated to peptides. The first one is constituted of the tacn with two methylpyridinyl and one methylthiazolyl carboxylic acid pendant arms, while, in the second and third ones, the macrocycle is functionalized by three methylpyridinyl groups, with an additional hexynoic acid chain on a carbon of one or two pyridine rings. These three bifunctional chelators have been conjugated to the antagonist DPhe-Gln-Trp-Ala-Val-Gly-His-Sta-Leu-NH2 peptide for targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor, which is overexpressed in prostate cancer. The resulting monomeric bioconjugates have shown their efficiency to be radiolabeled with β+ emitter 64Cu, and the hydrophilicity and PC-3 cell internalization properties of these radiolabeled conjugates have been studied. PC-3 cell binding affinity of mono- and dimeric metal-free and natCu metallated conjugates have been evaluated by IC50 measurements. The results demonstrate the potential of these methylpyridinyl tacn derivatives for radiopharmaceutical applications.

International audience; We present here the synthesis of two new bifunctionalized azachelators, no2th-EtBzNCS and Hno2th1tha, as bioconjugable analogues of two previously described di- and trimethylthiazolyl 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) ligands, no2th and no3th, for potential uses in copper-64 (64Cu) positron emission tomography imaging. The first one bears an isothiocyanate group on the remaining free nitrogen atom of the tacn framework, while the second one presents an additional carboxylic function on one of the three heterocyclic pendants. Their syntheses required regiospecific N-functionalization of the macrocycles. In order to investigate their suitability for in vivo applications, a complete study of their copper(II) chelation was performed. The acid–base properties of the ligands and their thermodynamic stability constants with copper(II) and zinc(II) cations were determined using potentiometric techniques. Structural studies were conducted in both solution and the solid state, consolidated by theoretical calculations. The kinetic inertness in an acidic medium of both copper(II) complexes was determined by spectrophotometry, while cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed to evaluate the stability at the copper(I) redox state. UV–vis, NMR (of the zinc complexes), electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, and density functional theory studies showed excellent agreement between the solution structures of the complexes and their crystallographic data. These investigations unambiguously prove that these bifunctional derivatives display similar coordination properties as their no2th and no3th counterparts, opening the door to targeted bioapplications. The no2th-EtBzNCS and Hno2th1tha ligands were then conjugated to a bombesin antagonist peptide for targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPr). To highlight the potential of the two chelators for radiopharmaceutical development, the 64Cu-radiolabeling properties, in vitro stability, and binding affinity to GRPr of the corresponding bioconjugates were determined. Altogether, the results of this work warrant the further development of 64Cu-based radiopharmaceuticals comprising our novel bifunctional chelators.

Cationic lanthanide complexes are generally able to spontaneously internalize into living cells. Following our previous works based on diMe-cyclen framework, a second generation of cationic water-soluble lanthanide complexes based on a constrained cross-bridged cyclam macrocycle functionalized with donor-p-conjugated picolinate antennas has been prepared with europium(III) and ytterbium(III). Their spectroscopic properties were thoroughly investigated in various solvents and rationalized with the help of DFT calculations. A significant improvement is observed in the case of the Eu3+ complex, while the Yb3+ analogous conserve an excellent brightness in aqueous solvent. Two-photon (2P) microscopy imaging experiments on living T24 human cancer cells confirmed the spontaneous internalization of the probes and images with good signal-to-noise have been obtained in the classical NIR-to-visible configuration with Eu3+ luminescent bioprobe and in the NIR-to-NIR with the Yb3+ one.

International audience; We report a detailed study of the thermodynamic stability and dissociation kinetics of lanthanide complexes with two ligands containing a cyclen unit, a methyl group, a picolinate arm, and two acetate pendant arms linked to two nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle in either cis (1,4-H3DO2APA) or trans (1,7-H3DO2APA) positions. The stability constants of the Gd3+ complexes with these two ligands are very similar, with log KGdL values of 16.98 and 16.33 for the complexes of 1,4-H3DO2APA and 1,7-H3DO2APA, respectively. The stability constants of complexes with 1,4-H3DO2APA follow the usual trend, increasing from log KLaL = 15.96 to log KLuL = 19.21. However, the stability of [Ln(1,7-DO2APA)] complexes decreases from log K = 16.33 for Gd3+ to 14.24 for Lu3+. The acid-catalyzed dissociation rates of the Gd3+ complexes differ by a factor of ∼15, with rate constants (k1) of 1.42 and 23.5 M–1 s–1 for [Gd(1,4-DO2APA)] and [Gd(1,7-DO2APA)], respectively. This difference is magnified across the lanthanide series to reach a 5 orders of magnitude higher k1 for [Yb(1,7-DO2APA)] (1475 M–1 s–1) than for [Yb(1,4-DO2APA)] (5.79 × 10–3 M–1 s–1). The acid-catalyzed mechanism involves the protonation of a carboxylate group, followed by a cascade of proton-transfer events that result in the protonation of a nitrogen atom of the cyclen unit. Density functional theory calculations suggest a correlation between the strength of the Ln–Ocarboxylate bonds and the kinetic inertness of the complex, with stronger bonds providing more inert complexes. The 1H NMR resonance of the coordinated water molecule in the [Yb(1,7-DO2APA)] complex at 176 ppm provides a sizable chemical exchange saturation transfer effect thanks to a slow water exchange rate of (15.9 ± 1.6) × 103 s–1.; L'arrangement des atomes donneurs de ligand autour de l'ion lanthanide provoque des différences dramatiques dans les stabilités thermodynamiques et la cinétique de dissociation des complexes de lanthanides, comme le démontre l'étude des complexes avec deux ligands à base de régioisomères du cyclen, contenant un bras picolinate et deux bras acétate soit en position 1,7 ou 1,4 de la structure macrocyclique.

International audience; Based on our previous works involving two 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn)-based ligands Hno2py1pa (1-Picolinic acid-4,7-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and Hno1pa (1-Picolinic acid-1,4,7-triazacyclononane), we report here the synthesis of analogues bearing picolinate-based π-conjugated ILCT (Intra-Ligand Charge Transfer) transition antenna (HL1, HL2), using regiospecific N-functionalization of the tacn skeleton and their related transition metal complexes (e.g. Cu 2+ , Zn 2+ and Mn 2+). Coordination properties as well as their photophysical and electrochemical properties were investigated in order to quantify the impact of such antenna on the luminescent or relaxometric properties of the complexes. The spectroscopic properties of the targeted ligands and metal complexes have been studied using UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectrocopies. While the zinc complex formed with HL1 possesses a moderate quantum yield of 5%, complexation of Cu 2+ led to an extinction of the luminescence putatively attributed to a photo-induced electron transfer, as supported by spectroscopic and electrochemical evidences. The [Mn(L2)] + complex is characterized by a fluorescence quantum yield close to 8% in CH 2 Cl 2. The potential interest of such systems as bimodal probes has been assessed from radiolabeling experiments conducted on HL1 and 64 Cu 2+ as well as confocal microscopy analyses and from relaxometric studies carried out on the cationic [Mn(L2)] + complex. These results showed that HL1 can be used for radiolabeling, with a radiochemical conversion of 40% in 15 minutes at 100°C. Finally, the relaxivity values obtained for [Mn(L2)] + , r 1p = 4.80 mM-1 .s-1 and r 2p = 8.72 mM-1 .s-1 , make the Mn(II) complex an ideal candidate as a probe for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Three tacn (1,4,7-triazacyclononane)-based ligands substituted by methylthiazolylcarboxylate (tha) and/or methylthiazolyl (th) arms have been examined for copper complexation with the aim to study the impact of carboxylate groups on the complexation of Cu(ii), which can present an endo- or exo-cyclic coordination. Two new ligands have been synthesised: H

International audience; The unsymmetrical ligand 1-(2-aminophenyl)-4,7-bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane (L6) has been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The L6 ligand is based on the triazamacrocycle (tacn) ring that is functionalized by two flexible 2-pyridylmethyl and one rigid 2-aminophenyl groups. Reaction of this ligand with Fe(ClO4)2·xH2O led to the complex [Fe(L6)](ClO4)2 (1), which was characterized as the first Fe(II) complex based on the unsymmetrical N-functionalized tacn ligand. The crystal structure revealed a discrete monomeric [FeL6]2+ entity in which the unsymmetrical N-functionalized triazacyclononane molecule (L6) acts as hexadentate ligand. As observed in the few parent examples that are based on the symmetrical N-functionalized tacn ligands, the triazacyclononane ring is facially coordinated and the N-donor atoms of the three functional groups (two pyridine and one aniline groups) are disposed in the same side of the tacn ring, leading to a distorted FeN6 environment. The magnetic studies of 1 revealed the presence of an incomplete spin crossover (SCO) transition above 425 K, whose progress would be prevented by a very exothermic thermal decomposition at ca. 472 K, as shown by thermogravimetric and DSC measurements

[Abstract] Two macrocyclic ligands containing a cyclen unit, a methyl group, a picolinate arm, and two acetate pendant arms attached to two nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle either in trans (1,7-H3Medo2 ampa = 2,2′-(7-((6-carboxypyridin-2-yl)methyl)-10-methyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid) or in cis (1,4-H3Medo2 ampa) positions are reported. These ligands provide eight-coordination to the Ln3+ ions, leaving a coordination position available for a water molecule that occupies a capping position in the twisted square antiprismatic polyhedron (1,4-H3Medo2 ampa) or one of the positions of the square antiprism (1,7-H3Medo2 ampa). The charge neutral [Gd(1,7-Medo2 ampa)] complex presents an unprecedentedly low water-exchange rate (kex298=8.8×103 s−1), whereas water exchange in [Gd(1,4-Medo2 ampa)] is three orders of magnitude faster (kex298=6.6×106 s−1). These results showcase the labile capping bond phenomenon: A ligand occupying a capping position is hindered by the environment and thus is intrinsically labile. Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CTQ2009-10721/PPQ Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CTQ2013-43243-P Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; CTQ2015-71211-REDT Xunta de Galicia; CN2012/011 European Commission; GINOP-2.3.2.-15-2016-00008 Hungría. Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; K-109029 Hungría. Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; K-120224

International audience; Three 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-based (tacn-based) ligands containing picolyl and picolinate pendant arms (no3py, no2pa1py, and no3pa) were synthesized, and their copper(II) complexation properties were studied to evaluate their potentials as chelators for copper radioisotopes. The thermodynamic stability constants of the complexes were determined by potentiometric titrations. These studies evidenced the formation of mononuclear species for no3py and mono- and dinuclear species for no2pa1py and no3pa. The pCu values decreased as the number of carboxypicolyl arms increased. The [Cu(no3py)]2+ complex presented a very high stability constant (log KCuL = 27.4) and a very high selectivity towards Zn2+ ions (log KZnL = 17.25). Vis/NIR (NIR = near-infrared) absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicated that the three complexes present distorted octahedral geometries with two paramagnetic species, which were identified as the Δ(δδδ) and Λ(δδδ) isomers [and their corresponding enantiomeric forms Λ(λλλ) and Δ(λλλ)] by DFT calculations. The electrochemical properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which revealed quasireversible behavior for the [Cu(no3py)]2+ complex but irreversible Cu2+/Cu+ systems for [Cu(no2pa1py)] and [Cu(no3pa)]–.

International audience; We report a two-dimensional Hofmann-like spin-crossover (SCO) material, [Fe(trz-py)2{Pt(CN)4}]·3H2O, built from [FePt(CN)4] layers separated by interdigitated 4-(2-pyridyl)-1,2,4,4H-triazole (trz-py) ligands with two symmetrically inequivalent FeII sites. This compound exhibits an incomplete first-order spin transition at 153 K between fully high-spin (HS-HS) and intermediate high-spin low-spin (HS-LS) ordered states. At low temperature, it undergoes a bidirectional photoswitching to HS-HS and fully low-spin (LS-LS) states with green and near-IR light irradiation, respectively, with associated T(LIESST = Light-Induced Excited Spin-State Trapping) and T(reverse-LIESST) values of 52 and 85 K, respectively. Photomagnetic investigations show that the reverse-LIESST process, performed from either HS-HS or HS-LS states, enables access to a hidden stable LS-LS state, revealing the existence of a hidden thermal hysteresis. Crystallographic investigations allowed to identify that the strong metastability of the HS-LS state originates from the existence of a strong elastic frustration causing antiferroelastic interactions within the [FePt(CN)4] layers, through the rigid NC-Pt-CN bridges connecting the inequivalent FeII sites. The existence of the stable LS-LS state paves the way for a multidirectional photoswitching and allows potential applications for electronic devices based on ternary digits.

We report the synthesis of the ligand H2MeNO2A (1,4-bis(carboxymethyl)-7-methyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) and a detailed experimental and computational study of the hyperfine coupling constants (HFCCs) on the inner-sphere water molecules of [Mn(MeNO2A)] and related Mn(2+) complexes relevant as potential contrast agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles, (17)O NMR chemical shifts, and transverse relaxation rates of aqueous solutions of [Mn(MeNO2A)] were recorded to determine the parameters governing the relaxivity in this complex and the (17)O and (1)H HFCCs. DFT calculations (TPSSh model) performed in aqueous solution (PCM model) on the [Mn(MeNO2A)(H2O)]·xH2O and [Mn(EDTA)(H2O)](2-)·xH2O (x = 0-4) systems were used to determine theoretically the (17)O and (1)H HFCCs responsible for the (17)O NMR chemical shifts and the scalar contributions to (17)O and (1)H NMR relaxation rates. The use of a mixed cluster/continuum approach with the explicit inclusion of a few second-sphere water molecules is critical for an accurate calculation of HFCCs of coordinated water molecules. The impact of complex dynamics on the calculated HFCCs was evaluated with the use of molecular dynamics simulations within the atom-centered density matrix propagation (ADMP) approach. The (17)O and (1)H HFCCs calculated for these complexes and related systems show an excellent agreement with the experimental data. Both the (1)H and (17)O HFCCs (A(iso) values) are dominated by the spin delocalization mechanism. The A(iso) values are significantly affected by the distance between the oxygen atom of the coordinated water molecule and the Mn(2+) ion, as well as by the orientation of the water molecule plane with respect to the Mn-O vector.

International audience; Spin-crossover (SCO) Fe(II) dinuclear complexes of formula [Fe2(tmpa)2(μ2-tcpd)2]·0.8(CH3OH) (1·MeOH) and [Fe2(andmpa)2(μ2-tcpd)2]·2CH3OH (2·MeOH) (tmpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, andmpa = bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl)aniline, (tcpd)(2-) = 2-dicyanomethylene-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropanediide) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and magnetic measurements. The crystal structure determinations of the two complexes (1·MeOH and 2·MeOH) and the desolvated complex 1 (from 1·MeOH) revealed a neutral centrosymmetrical dinuclear structure in which the (tcpd)(2-) cyanocarbanion acts as a double μ2-bridging ligand between two [FeL](2+) (L = tmpa (1), andmpa (2)) units involving two free coordination sites in the cis configuration. Examination of the shortest intermolecular contacts in 1·MeOH and 1 reveals no significant hydrogen bonding between the dinuclear units, while in 2·MeOH these units are held together by significant hydrogen bonds between one of the uncoordinated nitrile groups and the anilate function, giving rise to 1D supramolecular structure. The three dinuclear complexes 1, 2·MeOH, and 2 exhibit SCO behaviors which have been evidenced by the thermal evolutions of the χmT product and by the average values of the six Fe-N distances for 1 and 2·MeOH, that reveal a gradual conversion with transition temperatures (T1/2) at ca. 352 K (1), 196 K (2), and 180 K (2·MeOH). For the solvated 1·MeOH, the sharp SCO transition observed around 365 K was induced by the desolvatation process above 330 K during the magnetic measurements.

International audience; A tacn based ligand bearing two methylthiazolyl arms (no2th) was synthesized with the aim to find ligands forming very stable and inert complexes with Cu(II) and Cu(I) in aqueous medium for radiopharmaceutical applications. The no2th ligand was efficiently prepared following the orthoamide intermediate synthesis. The complexes with Cu2+ and Zn2+ were obtained and analyzed by X-ray diffraction. The [Cu(no2th)]2+ complex presents a pentacoordinated distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry, while the metal ion in [Zn(no2th)]2+ adopts a hexacoordinated distorted trigonal prismatic geometry involving the coordination of a perchlorate counter ion. The acid–base properties of no2th have been studied using potentiometric titrations, and the stability constants of Cu2+ and Zn2+ complexes were determined by potentiometric and UV-vis titrations using H4edta as a competitor ligand. The stability constant determined for the Cu2+ complex is rather high (log KCuL = 20.77 and pCu = 17.15), and moreover no2th exhibits a high selectivity for copper(II) in relation to zinc(II). The kinetics of the copper(II) complexation process is very fast even in acidic medium. In addition, the [Cu(no2th)]2+ complex was found to be inert under rather harsh conditions (up to 2 M HCl and 60 °C), displaying a very high half-life time of about 15 days in 2 M HCl at 90 °C. The electrochemical reduction of the copper(II) complex in water leads to the reversible formation of a stable copper(I) species. Spectroscopic studies performed by NMR, UV-vis and EPR, assisted by theoretical calculations, show that the [Cu(no2th)]2+ complex presents a structure in solution similar to that observed in the solid state. When compared to its cyclam di-N-methylthiazolyl counterpart, the results reported in this paper unambiguously show that replacing the cyclam unit by a tacn moiety improves the stability and inertness of its Cu(II) and Cu(I) complexes.

International audience; Aiming to develop new copper chelates for application in nuclear medicine we report two new chelators, te1th and te2th, based on a cyclam backbone mono-N- or di-N1,N8-functionalized by methylthiazolyl arms. The acid–base properties of both ligands were investigated as well as their coordination chemistry, especially with Cu2+, when possible in aqueous solution and in the solid state. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of complexes were determined. Stability constants of the copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes showed that the complexes of both ligands with Cu2+ are thermodynamically very stable, and they exhibit an important selectivity for Cu2+ over Zn2+. The kinetic inertness in acidic medium of both copper(II) complexes was evaluated revealing a quite good resistance to dissociation (the half-life times of complexes with te1th and te2th are 50.8 and 5.8 min, respectively, in 5 M HCl and 30 °C). The coordination geometry of the metal center in the complexes was established in aqueous solution based on UV–visible, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, DFT studies, and NMR by using the zinc(II) complex analogues. The [Cu(te1th)]2+ and [Cu(te2th)]2+ complexes adopt trans-I and trans-III configurations both in the solid state and in solution, while the [Zn(te2th)]2+ complex crystallizes as the cis-V isomer but exists in solution as a mixture of trans-III and cis-V forms. Cyclic voltammetry experiments in acetonitrile point to a relatively easy reduction of [Cu(te2th)]2+ in acetonitrile solution (Epc = −0.41 V vs NHE), but the reduced complex does not undergo dissociation in the time scale of our electrochemical experiments. The results obtained in these studies revealed that despite the limited solubility of its copper(II) chelate, te2th is an attractive chelator for Cu2+ that provides a fast complexation process while forming a complex with a rather high thermodynamic stability and kinetic inertness with respect to dissociation even upon electrochemical reduction.

International audience; Two new iron(II) complexes of formula [Fe(L2)](tcm)2·2H2O (1) and [Fe(L2)][Ni(CN)4]·H2O (2) {L2 = 1,8-bis(2′-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane; tcm– = [C(CN)3]– = tricyanomethanide anion} have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements and compared with the previously described compound of the same series [Fe(L2)](BF4)2·H2O (3). The crystal structures of the three compounds show discrete iron(II) complexes in which the FeII ions adopt distorted FeN6 octahedral geometries. A hydrogen-bonding network involving the water molecules and the different counter ions, tcm– in 1 and [Ni(CN)4]2– in 2, leads to chains for both compounds whereas compound 3 reveals no significant intermolecular contacts. For 1, the magnetic measurements show an abrupt and incomplete high-spin→low-spin (HS→LS) spin transition (ST) with a hysteresis of 9 K (T1/2down = 136 K; T1/2up = 145 K) that is also optically observed. Compound 2 presents slightly weaker intermolecular contacts and shows an abrupt ST at 85 K without hysteretic behaviour. Finally, compound 3, in which the FeII complex is well isolated, exhibits a gradual spin transition centred at 150 K. Detailed X-ray diffraction studies performed at various temperatures (293–120 K) show strong modifications of the iron coordination sphere in 1 and 3, in agreement with the presence of a ST in this temperature range in both complexes.

International audience; This review focuses on new families of spin crossover (SCO) complexes based on polynitrile anions as new anionic ligands or on polyazamacrocycles as neutral macrocyclic ligands. We have shown that the structural and electronic characteristics (original coordination modes and high electronic delocalization) of the polynitrile anions can be tuned by slight chemical modifications such as substitution of functional groups or variation of the negative charge to design new discrete or polymeric SCO systems.In our ongoing work on the design of new molecular systems based on new ligands that can be fine-tuned via chemical modifications, another promising way which has been recently developed in our group concerns the use of new neutral polydentate ligands which are able to tune the ligand field energy around the metal centre. Here we report some recent original Fe(II) SCO complexes based on such polydentate ligands.

International audience; The synthesis via bis-aminal derivatives and proton-sponge behaviour of new constrained bis-cyclens in which each macrocyclic subunit is alkylated with an alcohol function is presented and highlighted with NMR spectra, X-ray data and corroborated by potentiometric investigations.

We report the synthesis of the ligand Hnompa (6-((1,4,7-triazacyclononan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid) and a detailed characterization of the Mn(2+) complexes formed by this ligand and the related ligands Hdompa (6-((1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid) and Htempa (6-((1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecan-1-yl)methyl)picolinic acid). These ligands form thermodynamically stable complexes in aqueous solution with stability constants of logKMnL = 10.28(1) (nompa), 14.48(1) (dompa), and 12.53(1) (tempa). A detailed study of the dissociation kinetics of these Mn(2+) complexes indicates that the decomplexation reaction at about neutral pH occurs mainly following a spontaneous dissociation mechanism. The X-ray structure of [Mn2(nompa)2(H2O)2](ClO4)2 shows that the Mn(2+) ion is seven-coordinate in the solid state, being directly bound to five donor atoms of the ligand, the oxygen atom of a coordinated water molecule and an oxygen atom of a neighboring nompa(-) ligand acting as a bridging bidentate carboxylate group (μ-η(1)-carboxylate). Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion ((1)H NMRD) profiles and (17)O NMR chemical shifts and transverse relaxation rates of aqueous solutions of [Mn(nompa)](+) indicate that the Mn(2+) ion is six-coordinate in solution by the pentadentate ligand and one inner-sphere water molecule. The analysis of the (1)H NMRD and (17)O NMR data provides a very high water exchange rate of the inner-sphere water molecule (kex(298) = 2.8 × 10(9) s(-1)) and an unusually high value of the (17)O hyperfine coupling constant of the coordinated water molecule (AO/ℏ = 73.3 ± 0.6 rad s(-1)). DFT calculations performed on the [Mn(nompa)(H2O)](+)·2H2O system (TPSSh model) provide a AO/ℏ value in excellent agreement with the one obtained experimentally.

International audience; The unsymmetrical 1,4-bis(2-aminophenyl)-7-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7-triazacyclononane ligand (L3) has been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. The L3 ligand is based on the triazamacrocycle ring bearing one flexible 2-pyridylmethyl linked to the macrocycle group via the methyl group, and two rigid 2-aminophenyl pendant donor groups linked to the macrocycle via the aromatic carbon atoms. Reaction of this ligand with Cu(ClO4)(2)center dot 6H(2)O afforded the corresponding complex [Cu(L3)](ClO4)(2)center dot H2O (4) which was structurally characterized both in solid state and in solution. The crystal structure of 4 consists of a discrete monomeric [Cu(L3)](2+) in which the Cu(II) ion is six coordinated with three nitrogen atoms of the macrocycle ring, two of the aminophenyle and one of the pyridine appended functions. The triazacyclonane macrocycle ring is facially coordinated and the N-donor atoms of the three pendant groups (two aniline and one pyridine groups), are disposed in the same side of the basal macrocyclic ring, leading to a distorted and elongated CuN4N2 octahedron. UV-Vis spectroscopy of complex 4 in acetonitrile displays a d-d transition band at lambda = 673 nm. The voltammetric studies show that the [Cu(L3)](2+) cation can be reduced quasi-reversibly and oxidized irreversibly, both process being monoelectronic. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A new coordination complex [Cu(4-L1)](NO3)2·2H2O (1) based on the functionalized cyclen mono-N (4-picolyl)cyclen (4-L1) has been prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The structure of 1 can be described as a monodimensional coordination polymer in which the macrocycle ligand acts as bridging ligand. Examination of the inter-chain distances revealed the presence of hydrogen bonds between oxygen atoms of the nitrate anions and the hydrogen atoms of two secondary amines of the macrocycle ligands, affording isolated “double-chain” units. The overall structure of 1 consists of alternating succession of cationic layers of infinite “double-chain” units and anionic nitrate-water H-bonded layers.

International audience; The synthesis and characterization of Hno1pa2py, a new tacn-based ligand, is reported. The complexation process with Cu2+ was proved to be very fast even in acidic medium. Potentiometric titrations allowed us to establish that Hno1pa2py exhibits an overall low basicity as well as a high selectivity for Cu2+ over Zn2+ cations. The copper(II) complex was synthesized and characterized using UV–vis and EPR spectroscopies and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The studies clearly showed that the [Cu(no1pa2py)]+ complex is present in solution as a mixture of two isomers in which the ligand is coordinated to the metal center using a N5O donor set with the metal center in a distorted octahedral geometry. The very high kinetic inertness of the [Cu(no1pa2py)]+ complex was demonstrated by using acid-assisted dissociation assays as well as cyclic voltammetry. Preliminary investigations of 64Cu complexation were performed to validate the potential use of such chelating agent for further application in nuclear medicine. The X-ray crystal structures of copper(II) complexes of L1, the ester derivative of Hno1pa2py, have been determined

Complexation of mono N -alkylcyclen ( 1 ) and mono N -alkylcyclam ( 2 ) with M(CO) 6 (M  Cr, Mo) yields only one LM(CO) 3 complex, in which the tertiary amine is not coordinated to the metal. An attempted explanation for the N 1 ,N 7 -dialkylation of cyclen, based on an equilibrium between two fac -LM(CO) 3 (L = mono N -alkylcyclen) complexes which are different in the nature of the coordinated nitrogen, is reported. Specific dissymmetric dialkylation of cyclen is also described by a ‘one-pot’ method and by a ‘multi-step’ method.

Reactions of complexation of tetraazamacrocycles L with Group 6 metal carbonyls [M(CO)6](M = Cr, Mo, or W) lead to [LM(CO)4], [LM(CO)3] or [LM(CO)2] entities, depending both on the size of the macrocycle and on the metal M. The structure of one representative complex [(permethylcyclam)Mo(CO)4] has been determined by X-ray diffraction (permethylcyclam: 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane).

Reaction of metaltricarbonyl complexes of cyclen and cyclam with enolisable aldehydes or acid chlorides yields, after removal of the protecting M(CO) 3 moiety, selectively mono N-functionalized derivatives.

International audience; Reaction of triazacyclononane (tacn) and aromatic aldehydes leads to aminal adducts, which exhibit onlythe exoconfiguration. In these aminal compounds, secondary amine function possesses a higher re-activity towards electrophilic reactants than the two nitrogen atoms linked to aminal carbon, giving riseto the specific derivatisation of tacn by different functionalised groups. Study of this behaviour alsopermits the access to a ditopic tacn-cyclam bicyclic polyamine.

International audience; New iron(II) complexes of formula [Fe(L1)](BF(4))(2) (1) and [Fe(L2)](BF(4))(2) x H(2)O (2) (L1 = 1,7-bis(2'-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane; L2 = 1,8-bis(2'-pyridylmethyl)-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) have been synthesized and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, variable-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The crystal structure determinations of 1 and 2 reveal in both cases discrete iron(II) monomeric structures in which the two functionalized tetraazamacrocycles (L1 and L2) act as hexadentate ligands; the iron(II) ions are coordinated with six nitrogen atoms: four from the macrocycle and two from two pyridine groups occupying two cis positions around the metal ion. In 1, the N-Fe-N bond angles indicate that the Fe(II) ion adopts an unusual distorted trigonal prismatic geometry. In agreement with the observed paramagnetic behavior, the average of the six Fe-N distances at 293 K (2.218(6) A) and at 90 K (2.209(2) A) correspond well with distances observed for high-spin (HS) Fe(II) complexes with a coordination index of 6. For 2, the Fe(II) ion adopts a distorted octahedral geometry for which the six Fe-N distances (average 2.197(4) A) at room temperature are in the range expected for HS Fe(II) complexes. The crystal structure solved at 90 K showed a strong modification of the iron coordination sphere, suggesting the presence of a spin-crossover transition from HS to low spin (LS). Surprisingly, the averaged Fe-N value (2.077(4) A) at this temperature is not in agreement with the magnetic measurements since the chi(m)T product versus T showed a full LS state at 90 K. This may be explained by the presence of important distortions arising from the macrocycle constraints. To understand how the crystal and the lattice parameters were affected by the magnetic transition, the temperature dependence of the lattice parameters of 2 was determined in the range 293-90 K: the a and b parameters show essentially linear and gradual decreases, while the c and beta parameters show dramatic decreases nearly similar to that observed in the magnetic behavior.

CuII and NiII complexes of bis(cyclen)pyrazine and bis(cyclam)pyrazine, [Cu2L1]4+, [Ni2L1]4+, [Cu2L2]4+, [Ni2L2]4+, have been isolated and characterised by UV/Vis and EPR spectroscopy. Complex [Cu2L1]4+ was characterised by X-ray diffraction. The crystallographic structure indicated that the two metal cations are held in a square-pyramidal geometry, the central nitrogen pyrazine atoms occupying the apical position of each metal centre. In solution, the EPR spectrum of [Cu2L1]4+ revealed the presence of two isomers, one of which was the previous crystallised complex. For [Ni2L2]4+, the electrochemical studies have highlighted the presence of two distinct geometries for the complex (type III and type V). From the electronic point of view, EPR and electrochemical measurements indicated that in these complexes the pyrazine bridge behaves as a poorly efficient exchange bridging ligand between the two metal centres. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)

International audience; The host–guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and three cyclen-based macrotricyclic ligands was investigated by potentiometric measurements and NMR spectroscopy. The ligands differ from one another by the nature of their spacers, which are 1,3-dimethylbenzene (TMC), 2,6-dimethylpyridine (TPyC) or a combination of the two (TMPyC). In aqueous solution, each ligand gave protonated species that further formed ternary complexes after binding with anions; these complexes were analyzed as a result of hydrogen bond formation and coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest. The equilibrium constants found for all the detected species are reported and the selectivity, illustrated with species distribution diagrams, is discussed. The results unambiguously showed that the ligand possessing a single supplementary anchoring site (the pyridinyl spacer) exhibited the greatest affinity for the phosphate species in a large p[H] range.

The topic of this paper is the impregnation with tetraazamacrocyclic ligands of a lignocellulosic substrate extracted from wheat bran. A preliminary N-functionalization by an alkyl pendant arm makes the cyclic tetraamine ligands lipophilic, so as to ensure their immobilization on the substrate. The macrocyclic ligands thus fixed at the surface of the lignocellulosic substrate interact with copper ions in solution to form complexes, as proven by EPR spectra. The end result is an increased retention capacity of the lignocellulosic substrate for pH values lower than 4. Indeed, while the unmodified lignocellulosic substrate does not retain Cu(II) at pH 3, the impregnated substrate exhibits a retention capacity of 4.13 mg g −1 . As a result, this technique of impregnation seems to be a good solution to extend the application field of lignocellulosic substrates, and consider their use in the treatment of acidic effluents.

International audience; The host-guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and three cyclen based macrotricyclic ligands possessing ortho- (TOC), meta- (TMC) and para-xylenyl (TPC) linkers was investigated by potentiometric measurements. The ternary species present in solution and their stability constants have been determined. The different behaviours are explained in terms of hydrogen bond formation and coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest. The selectivity, illustrated with species distribution diagrams, is discussed. The results unambiguously showed the importance of the distance between the two cyclen cores and emphasized the increasing of the triphosphate species selectivity together with the cavity size of the ligand. A comparison of the present results with those obtained with their mono-bridged homologues is also discussed.

International audience; The Ni(II) complexes of cyclen- and cyclam-pyridine (respectively 1-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane and 1-pyridin-2-ylmethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane denoted [NiIIL1]2+ and [NiIIL2]2+) have been isolated and characterised by X-ray diffraction, UV-visible spectroscopy and electrochemical studies for the [NiIIL2]2+ complex. In particular, the [NiIIL2]2+ complex adopts two distinct and stable geometries (type I and V), which mainly differ by the macrocycle configuration. In solution, the isomerisation process between these two configurations is driven by the nickel-centered electron transfer.

cited By 31; International audience; The host-guest interaction between orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and triphosphate anions and four cyclen based bis-macrocycles ligands possessing ortho-(BOC), meta-(BMC), para-xylenyl (BPC) or 2,6-pyridinyl (BPyC) linker was investigated by potentiometric measurements and NMR spectroscopy. Each ligand gave protonated species in aqueous solution that further formed ternary complexes after binding with anions; these complexes were analyzed as a result of hydrogen bond formation and Coulombic attraction between the organic host and the inorganic guest. The equilibrium constants for all the detected species are reported and the selectivity, illustrated with species distribution diagrams, is discussed. The results unambiguously showed the importance of the distance between the two cyclen cores and underlined, especially for the triphosphate species, the contribution of the nitrogen atom of the pyridinyl spacer as a supplementary anchoring point in acidic medium. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.

cited By 4; International audience; Reaction of primary carbamoyl ferrates (CO)4Fe[C(O)NHR] - (R=Me, Et, allyl, decyl, cyclohexyl, t-butyl, benzyl, phenyl) with 1/2 equiv. of oxalylchloride affords cis-bis-carbamoyl intermediates: (CO) 4Fe[C(O)NHR]2 which thermally give rise, in good yields, to the mono-isocyanide complexes (CO)4Fe(CNR). The mechanism of the reaction is discussed. Via a similar process, an alkoxycarbamoyl intermediate (CO)4Fe[C(O)NHR](CO2Me) affords Fe(CO)5 and 1,3-dialkylurea. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

International audience; Two iron complexes, cis-(CO)4Fe[C(O)C(O)CH3](CO2CH3) (1a) and cis-(CO)4Fe[C(O)CO2-CH2] [C(O)CH2] (3), are reported. Each complex can be considered as a λ-keto ester with a metal atom inserted into the chain linking its two organic groups. 1a is the only one found to evolve thermally, similarly to organic λ-keto esters, into the methoxy metallalactone (CO)4FeC(O)C(CH3)(OCH3)OC(O) (2a). This reaction is not reversible and does not require any acid or alkaline catalysis. The process does not result from a spontaneous dissociation of the methoxycarbonyl ligand of la but from an associative intra or intermolecular mechanism. A similar process can also be induced by pronucleophile reagents, and it affords a series of substituted metallalactones: (CO)4FeC(O)C(CH3)(Nu)OC(O) (Nu = OCH3 (2a), OC2H5 (2b), SC2H5 (2c), P(C6H5)2 (2d), P(C6H11)2 (2e)). Complex 2e has been characterized structurally. These substituted lactones are formed by nucleophilic attack of the reagent at the pyruvyl β-carbonyl followed by carbonylate attack on the alkoxycarbonyl ligand.

International audience; Eight new cyclen based constrained macropolycycles (4a–4d, 5a–5d) have been obtained by reductive ring cleavage of polyaminal derivatives of bis-macrocycles or macrotricyclic polyammonium salts by sodium borohydride. The mononuclear and dinuclear Cu(II) complexes of these macropolycyclic ligands were isolated as solids and investigated by UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopies. The possibility to obtain the specific formation of mononuclear complexes constitutes an original feature of these new macropolycycles.

After reaction with alkyl iodides and subsequent oxidative removal of the M(CO)3 triprotection, molybdenum and chromium fac-LM(CO)3 complexes of cyclen (L) unexpectedly lead to N1,N7-dialkylated cyclen derivatives.

The 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) is part of the family of polyazamacrocycles, and has the faculty, when appropriately N-functionalized with coordination pendants, to form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert coordination complexes with transition metals. Thanks to their properties tacn derivatives can be found in numerous applications such as medical imaging. Our group has developed some ligands N-functionalized with picolinate and picolyl pendants for an application in PET imaging and MRI.The first part of this thesis is focused on the development of a new class of bimodal PET-optical imaging and MRI-optical imaging probes based on tacn-picolinate units described in the laboratory.The second part deals with the synthesis of new Cu(II) chelators based on tacn-methylthiazolyl units for a potential application in PET imaging. The corresponding Cu(II) complexes were studied by different analytical and spectroscopic methods in order to evaluate their thermodynamic stabilities and kinetic inertness.The chelators that fullfiled all the criterias imposed by the biological media were selected for an applicationPET imaging of prostate cancer. Some bifunctional analogues were elaborated so as to incorporate them in radiopharmaceuticals radiolabeled with copper-64.; Le 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) fait partie de la famille des polyazamacrocycles et a la faculté, lorsqu’il est N-fonctionnalisé par des groupements coordinants adéquats, de former des complexes de coordination stables thermodynamiquement et inertes cinétiquement avec les métaux de transition. C’est pourquoi les dérivés du tacn trouvent de nombreuses applications dans de nombreux domaines, par exemple celui de l’imagerie médicale. Notre équipe a développé des ligands N-fonctionnalisés par des groupements picolinate et méthylpyridine pour des applications en imagerie TEP et IRM.Le premier travail de cette thèse porte sur l’élaboration de nouvelles sondes bimodales TEP-imagerie optique et IRM-imagerie optique à motifs issus de tacn-picolinate décrits au laboratoire.Une seconde partie est axée sur la synthèse de nouveaux chélates du Cu(II) à base de tacn portant des bras méthylthiazole pour une potentielle application en imagerie TEP. Les complexes de Cu(II) correspondant ont été étudiés par différentes méthodes analytiques et spectroscopiques afin de juger leurs stabilités thermodynamiques et leurs inerties cinétiques.Les chélatants répondant aux critères imposés par le milieu biologique ont été sélectionnés pour une application en imagerie TEP dans le cadre du cancer de la prostate. Des analogues bifonctionnels ont ainsi été élaborés afin de les incorporer dans des radiopharmaceutiques radiomarqués au cuivre-64.

The 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) is part of the family of polyazamacrocycles, and has the faculty, when appropriately N-functionalized with coordination pendants, to form thermodynamically stable and kinetically inert coordination complexes with transition metals. Thanks to their properties tacn derivatives can be found in numerous applications such as medical imaging. Our group has developed some ligands N-functionalized with picolinate and picolyl pendants for an application in PET imaging and MRI.The first part of this thesis is focused on the development of a new class of bimodal PET-optical imaging and MRI-optical imaging probes based on tacn-picolinate units described in the laboratory.The second part deals with the synthesis of new Cu(II) chelators based on tacn-methylthiazolyl units for a potential application in PET imaging. The corresponding Cu(II) complexes were studied by different analytical and spectroscopic methods in order to evaluate their thermodynamic stabilities and kinetic inertness.The chelators that fullfiled all the criterias imposed by the biological media were selected for an applicationPET imaging of prostate cancer. Some bifunctional analogues were elaborated so as to incorporate them in radiopharmaceuticals radiolabeled with copper-64., Le 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (tacn) fait partie de la famille des polyazamacrocycles et a la faculté, lorsqu’il est N-fonctionnalisé par des groupements coordinants adéquats, de former des complexes de coordination stables thermodynamiquement et inertes cinétiquement avec les métaux de transition. C’est pourquoi les dérivés du tacn trouvent de nombreuses applications dans de nombreux domaines, par exemple celui de l’imagerie médicale. Notre équipe a développé des ligands N-fonctionnalisés par des groupements picolinate et méthylpyridine pour des applications en imagerie TEP et IRM.Le premier travail de cette thèse porte sur l’élaboration de nouvelles sondes bimodales TEP-imagerie optique et IRM-imagerie optique à motifs issus de tacn-picolinate décrits au laboratoire.Une seconde partie est axée sur la synthèse de nouveaux chélates du Cu(II) à base de tacn portant des bras méthylthiazole pour une potentielle application en imagerie TEP. Les complexes de Cu(II) correspondant ont été étudiés par différentes méthodes analytiques et spectroscopiques afin de juger leurs stabilités thermodynamiques et leurs inerties cinétiques.Les chélatants répondant aux critères imposés par le milieu biologique ont été sélectionnés pour une application en imagerie TEP dans le cadre du cancer de la prostate. Des analogues bifonctionnels ont ainsi été élaborés afin de les incorporer dans des radiopharmaceutiques radiomarqués au cuivre-64.

This work is dedicated to the design and magnetostructural studies of new Fe(II) spin crossover (SCO) systems, in particular those involving the functionalized macrocycle and the 4-R-1,2,4-triazole triazole ligands.The principal objective concerns the study of the substitution and solvent effects on the SCO characteristics. In the first step, we have studied the solvent and the counter-ion effects, on the SCO behavior, in the series [Fe(L2)](X).nH2O (L2 = 1,8-bis(2’-pyridylméthyl)-1,4,8,11-tétraaza-cyclotétradécane, X = 2(tcm)- = 2[C(CN)3]-, n = 2 (1) ; X = [Ni(CN)4]2-, n = 1 (2) ; X = (BF4)-, n = 1 (3)), based on the macrocycles ligands. We have clearly shown in this study that the strong cooperative effects are mediated by the water solvent molecules and the counter-ions involved in the hydrogen bonding in the crystal packing. In the second step, the use of the 4-R-1,2,4-triazole fuctionalized triazole ligands led us to two original switchable systems: (i) the first one concerns the trinnuclear complex of formulae Fe3(furmetrz)6(tcnsme)6] (furmetrz = 4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole; (tcnsme)- = 1,1,3,3-tetracyano-2- thiométhylpropenide), for which the magnetic study reveals a two-step SCO transition and a LIESST effects with a T(LIESST) of 58 K. Examination of the intermolecular interactions in this complex and other parent trinuclear systems exhibiting complete one-step spin transition, revealed that the presence of the two-step behavior is clearly favored by strong inter-trimer interactions along the trimer axis; (ii) the second system the design and syntheses of to several series of polyfunctional materials exhibiting SCO and luminescent behaviors. In this new way, the most significant result concerns an original discrete Fe(II) complex of formulae [Fe(naphtrz)6](tcnsme)2.4CH3CN (naphtrz = N-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide), for which the magnetic and photoluminescent studies showed that this material exhibits synergetic SCO and luminescent behaviors. This proves the possibility to control the luminescent properties through simple external perturbations such as temperature, pressure, light irradiation,… In addition, beyond the fundamental aspect, this work open new innovative perspectives for the use of such original materials as sensors or standards of temperature.; Le travail présenté dans ce manuscrit concerne la conception et les études magnéto-structurales de nouveaux systèmes de Fe(II) à transition de spin (TS), en particulier ceux faisant intervenir les tétraazamacrocycles fonctionnalisés et les ligands de type 4-R-1,2,4-triazole. L’objectif principal est l’étude de l’effet de substitution ou de solvants (ou mélange de solvants) sur le comportement élastique de ces matériaux originaux. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’effet de solvant et contre-ions sur les propriétés de commutation, dans une série des complexes [Fe(L2)](X).nH2O (L2 = 1,8-bis(2’-pyridylméthyl)-1,4,8,11-tétraaza-cyclotétradécane, X = 2(tcm)- = 2[C(CN)3]-, n = 2 (1) ; X = [Ni(CN)4]2-, n = 1 (2) ; X = (BF4)-, n = 1 (3)). Cette étude a clairement élucidé l’effet crucial des interactions hydrogène, à travers les contre-ions et les molécules de solvants, sur la coopérativité observée dans la série des trois sels. Dans un second temps, l’utilisation des ligands de type 4-R-1,2,4-triazole nous a permis l’étude de deux systèmes commutables : (i) le premier concerne un complexe trinucléaire de formule [Fe3(furmetrz)6(tcnsme)6] (furmetrz = 4-(furan-2-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazole ; (tcnsme)- = 1,1,3,3-tétracyano-2- thiométhylpropenure), pour lequel les études magnétiques ont mis en évidence une transition thermique en deux étapes et un effet LIESST avec une T(LIESST) de 58 K. La comparaison de ce dérivé à d’autres systèmes similaires, mais présentant une transition de spin en une seule étape, révèle que la présence de deux étapes est favorisée par de fortes interactions le long de l’axe du trimère ; (ii) le second système concerne l’étude de plusieurs séries de matériaux polyfonctionnels exhibant la transition de spin et la photoluminescence. Le résultat le plus marquant concerne la synthèse et l’étude du complexe mononucléaire [Fe(naphtrz)6](tcnsme)2.4CH3CN (naphtrz = N-(1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-1,8-naphthalimide) pour lequel les études magnétiques et optiques ont montré l’existence des deux propriétés, d’une manière synergétique. Ce résultat prouve la possibilité de contrôler, sans ambiguïté, les propriétés optiques par des excitations extérieures telles que la température, la pression, la lumière, … Au-delà de l’aspect fondamental, ce travail ouvre aussi des perspectives très originales pour l’utilisation de ces matériaux comme capteurs ou étalons de température.

The polyazamacrocycles have many applications in the field metal cations or anions complexation. Our laboratory studied the functionalization of tetraazamacrocyclic derivatives and their complexation properties during a long time. To enhance the expertise of our laboratory and to explore new properties of complexation of cyclic polyamines, we were interested in transpose his expertise to the functionalization of a smaller macrocycle: the tacn. This work is based on the development of a new synthetic strategy of selective functionalization of tacn and the synthesis of new derivatives. The complexation properties of this new functionalized macrocycles with different transition metals were also studied. The properties of copper (II) complexes have been studied for applications in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging or radioimmunotherapy (RIT). The detection of zinc (II) based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) detection by new ditopic probes tacn-do3a has been studied. Complexation of iron (II) for applications in spin crossover also revealed the complexation properties of the tacn derivatives., Les polyazamacrocycles trouvent de nombreuses applications dans le domaine de la complexation de cations métalliques ou d'anions. Le laboratoire à longtemps étudié la fonctionnalisation des dérivés tétraazamacrocycliques et leurs propriétés de complexation. Afin d'accroître le savoir-faire du laboratoire et d'explorer de nouvelles propriétés de complexation des polyamines cycliques, nous nous sommes intéressé à transposer ce savoir à la fonctionnalisation d'un macrocycle plus petit : le tacn. Ce travail repose sur la mise au point d'une nouvelle stratégie de fonctionnalisation sélective du tacn et la synthèse de nouveaux dérivés. Les composés obtenus ont permis l'étude de leurs propriétés de complexation vis-à-vis de différents métaux de transition. Les propriétés de complexes de cuivre (II) ont été étudiées pour des applications en imagerie TEP ou en radioimmunothérapie. La détection de zinc (II) basée sur une détection IRM par de nouvelles sondes ditopiques tacn-do3a a été étudiée. La complexation de fer (II) pour des applications en transition de spin ont également permis de déterminer les propriétés de complexation de dérivés du tacn.