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Introduction: In recent years the relationship between the systematic practice of physical exercise, cardiovascular dynamics and the functioning of the autonomic nervous system has been recognized. Objective: To determine the modifications that nonlinear parameters undergo in the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of the heart rate variability with the systematic practice of physical exercise. Methodological Design: Retrospective cohort analytical study in the period from February 2016 to August 2018. Universe and sample of 36 individuals (Group 1: 18 high performance baseball athletes, Group 2: 18 students from the University of Medical Sciences of Santiago de Cuba). The data were collected in the Biomedical Basic Sciences Laboratory of the University's Faculty 1, through the 8-channel PowerLab polygraph, and stored using the Kubios Software version 3.0.4 Premium. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in heart rate values (p = 0.000); SD1 (p = 0.025); SD2 / SD1 ratio (p = 0.007); sample entropy (p = 0.011); short-term fluctuations alpha 1 (p = 0.019); linear average length (p = 0.016); linear maximum length (p = 0.001); recurrence rate (p = 0.034); determinism (p = 0.010) and Shannon entropy (p = 0.015). The parameters of SD1 (C = 906) and sample entropy (C = 712) were significantly associated with a heart rate ≤ 70 beats / min. Conclusions: With the systematic practice of physical exercise, the non-linear dynamics of the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of the heart rate variability undergoes modifications that respond to a better adaptability of the autonomic nervous system, and to a greater capacity to regulate cardiovascular function.

Introduction: colorectal cancer is the third most frequently type of cancer diagnosed, both men and women; adequate and timely research is required to decrease morbidity and mortality rates from this type of cancer. Objective: to carry out research work of colorectal diseases in patients from 45 years old and older belonging to No- 18 Medical Office at Raúl Sánchez Polyclinic, in 2017. Methods: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted; the target group comprised 29 positive patients into the research, working with the totality of them. Theoretical, empirical and statistical percentage methods were applied; data were taken to tables for better understanding. Results: 15.05% of the population over 45 years old was positive in the study conducted into the research, where 58.97% belonged to male sex, out of them 35.90% were over 65 years old, and 53.85% had family history of colorectal diseases; 56.41% of the patients were overweight or obese; 76.92% presented smoking as a risk factor and it was found that 89.74% consumed high amounts of animal fat, 58.97% of the them were asymptomatic; while 30.77% presented colic or abdominal pain as symptoms. Conclusions: male patients over 65 years were susceptible to the development of colorectal diseases, where poor eating habits, obesity and smoking represented the major risk factors for the development of this disease.

Introduction: early palliative care, in addition to improving the quality of life of patients and their families, reduces unnecessary hospitalizations, inappropriate and ineffective treatments, medical complications and related costs. Objective: to characterize clinically and epidemiologically patients with malignant tributary tumors of palliative care. Method: an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with histological diagnosis of malignant tributary tumors of palliative care at the “Daniel Codorniú Cruna” municipal hospital of Placetas municipality, Villa Clara, between the months of October 2017 and March 2018. Used a universe of 208 patients, selecting a sample of 110. The information obtained was processed using descriptive statistics techniques. Medical ethics was respected. Results: the male sex prevailed (55,5 %) and the ages between 40 and 69 years (47,3 %). The pre-university and secondary school levels (38,2 % and 27,3 %) respectively, as well as toxic smoking habits (31,8 %) and alcohol consumption (19,1 %) were highlighted. The most frequent location of the cancer was lung cancer (20,9 %) where 56,4 % of the patients were in stage IV of the disease. Conclusions: palliative care should be developed and accessible to all cancer patients who require it with the aim of improving the management of symptoms and their quality of life.

Introduction: cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is estimated that 90 % of patients with malignant tumors have uncontrolled pain, which significantly affects their quality of life. Objective: to characterize pain and the quality of life of patients with malignant tumors that have uncontrolled pain. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive observational study was performed in patients with histological diagnosis of cancer disease with uncontrolled pain who attended the multidisciplinary consultations of the Oncology Hospital “Dr. Celestino Hernández Robau” between the months of October 2017 to March 2018. A population of 267 patients was used, selecting a sample of 214 patients. Results: the most frequent tumors were those of the digestive tract (32,2 %), among which mixed type pain (31,8 %) predominated. The most frequent type of pain among patients with malignant tumors was somatic (40,2 %). The pain was described as strong in 63,6 % of the patients. The episodic character prevailed over the permanent (58,9 %). Regarding general health, the majority of patients (85,0 %) defined it as bad and the overall quality of life was mostly evaluated as regular (51,4 %) and poor (44,8 %). Conclusions: the most frequent type of pain was somatic, followed by mixed and visceral. As for the intensity it was mostly described as a strong pain, of episodic character. General health and overall quality of life was valued mostly as regular and bad.

En los tiempos actuales la ciencia no deja de producirse constantemente. El aumento de las necesidades de conocimiento del ser humano lo condiciona a la búsqueda de nuevos hallazgos científicos, a encontrar respuestas a preguntas que antes no las tenían, y a crear nuevas preguntas sobre la base del nuevo conocimiento.

Introducción: El estrés mental agudo, así como los estados de ansiedad inducidos para influenciar la reactividad psicofisiológica en jóvenes sanos, aportan cambios en los patrones nerviosos que pueden ser medidos mediante la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca. Objetivo: Determinar las diferencias en los parámetros lineales del balance autonómico cardiovascular en individuos jóvenes en estado basal y durante la prueba de cálculo aritmético. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasi-experimental, sin grupo control de tipo antes y después, en el Laboratorio de Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba. Población y muestra de 10 sujetos. Se registró el trazado electrocardiográfico (5 min) durante el reposo y luego durante la prueba de cálculo aritmético. Resultados: Existieron diferencias significativas entre ambos estados en las variables frecuencia cardiaca (p = 0,005); mínima (p = 0,007); máxima (p = 0,005); intervalo RR (p = 0,005); stress index (p = 0,028); índice simpático (p = 0,005); bajas frecuencias (p = 0,005); relación LF/HF (p = 0,005); RMSSD (p = 0,007); NN50 (p = 0,008); pNN50 (p = 0,005); índice parasimpático (p = 0,005) y altas frecuencias (p = 0,005). El estrés mental provocó una disminución parasimpática y un predominio simpático uniforme en todos los sujetos participantes en el estudio. Conclusiones: Durante el estrés mental inducido por la prueba de cálculo aritmético la dinámica lineal de la respuesta autonómica cardiovascular experimenta un aumento en la actividad simpática y una disminución del tono parasimpático, traduciendo una respuesta adaptativa en la regulación de la función cardiovascular por el sistema nervioso autónomo.

Introduction: tuberous sclerosis is a chronic multisystem disorder with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, where the severity of symptoms and complications determine the prognosis in these patients.Case report: three-year-old, white skin female patient, who went to the on-call department of Jose Luis Miranda Provincial Pediatric Hospital because, according to her mother, she presented inattention and headaches. Questioning, physical examination and complementary tests were performed. Although the tests did not show any abnormality, a neurocutaneous syndrome (tuberous sclerosis) may be suspected in this patient. She is currently under periodic monitoring by the Neuropediatrics, Cardiology, Dermatology and Ophthalmology services.Conclusions: tuberous sclerosis is a neurocutaneous syndrome with systemic repercussions. Sometimes dermatologic lesions are the earliest form of presentation of the disease. Correct physical examination of the skin is necessary to reach a timely diagnosis of neurocutaneous syndromes. Because of its variation between subjects, mastery of the major and minor criteria is a requirement.

Introducción: la esclerosis tuberosa es un trastorno multisistémico crónico que presenta un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante. El nombre se compone la palabra latina tuber(crecimiento en forma de raíz) y la palabra griega skleros (duro), para referirse a las lesiones gruesas y firmes llamadas túberes. La severidad de los síntomas y complicaciones determinan el pronóstico en estos pacientes Presentación del caso: Paciente femenina de tres años de edad, de piel blanca, que acude a cuerpo de guardia del Hospital Pediátrico Provincial “José Luis Miranda” por presentar,según refiere la madre, falta de atención y dolores de cabeza. Se realiza interrogatorio, examen físico y se le indican complementarios. Aunque los exámenes no reflejaron ninguna anomalía se puede plantear en esta paciente un síndrome neurocutáneo (la esclerosis tuberosa). Actualmente se encuentra en control periódico por los servicios de neuropediatría, cardiología, dermatología y oftalmología. Conclusiones: la esclerosis tuberosa es un síndrome neurocutáneo con repercusión sistémica, y en algunas ocasiones como en este caso las lesiones dermatológicas son la forma de presentación más temprana de la enfermedad. De esta manera se evidencia la importancia del correcto examen físico de la piel para la elaboración de planteamientos diagnósticos en los síndromes neurocutáneos; y lograr de este modo un diagnóstico precoz y oportuno en estos pacientes.

La actividad científica estudiantil constituye una forma eficiente de preparar a los futuros profesionales de la salud para que sean capaces de crear y desarrollar proyectos de investigación. En Cuba, cada año se convoca a la Beca Internacional de Investigación “Iván Pavlov”, la que está dirigida a los estudiantes de las carreras biomédicas con el objetivo de estimular la investigación relacionada con el vínculo entre el sistema nervioso autónomo y el sistema cardiovascular.

Introduction: chemotherapy-induced heart disease is a common complication and the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer survivors. Objective: to determine the factors associated with the onset of cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines at Celestino Hernández Robau Teaching Cancer Hospital during 2018. Method: an observational, analytical, case-control study was conducted during the months of January 2018 to February 2019, at “Celestino Hernández Robau” Teaching Cancer Hospital, Villa Clara. The population was comprised of 89 patients with breast cancer diagnosed during 2018 treated with anthracyclines, from which a sample of 52 patients was chosen. Results: there was a statistically significant relationship between variables such as history of high blood pressure (p=0,021, OR: 1,901, CI: 1,056-3,412), obesity (p=0,001, OR: 2,032, CI: 1,596-4,178), left ventricular hypertrophy (p=0,004, OR: 4,032; CI: 1,569-6,178), maximum corrected QT (p=0,073), diastolic dysfunction (p=0,025; OR 3,545; CI 1,346-5,687) and LVEF (p=0,012), which were associated with the occurrence of cardiotoxicity in the study sample. Conclusions: history of hypertension, obesity, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, as well as LVEF and corrected QT values, predispose the appearance of cardiotoxicity in patients with breast cancer treated with anthracyclines.

Introduction: In recent years, the relationship between the systematic practice of physical exercise, cardiovascular dynamics and the functioning of the autonomic nervous system has been recognized. Objective: To determine the modifications that non-linear parameters undergo in the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of the heart rate variability with the systematic practice of physical exercise. Methods: A retrospective cohort analytical study was conducted from February 2016 to August 2018. Population and sample: 36 individuals (Group 1: 18 high- performance baseball athletes; Group 2: 18 medical students). The data were collected in the Biomedical Basic Sciences Laboratory at Medical school 1, University of Santiago de Cuba, through the 8-channel PowerLab polygraph, and stored using the Kubios Software version 3.0.4 Premium. Results: Statistically significant differences between means were found in heart rate values (p = 0.000); SD1 (p = 0.025); SD2/SD1 ratio (p = 0.007); sample entropy (p = 0.011); short-term fluctuations α 1 (p = 0.019); mean line length (p = 0.016); max line length (p = 0.001); recurrence rate (p = 0.034); determinism (p = 0.010) and Shannon entropy (p = 0.015). The parameters of SD1 (C = 0.906) and sample entropy (C = 0.712) were significantly associated with a heart rate ≤ 70 beats per minute. Conclusions: With the systematic practice of physical exercise, the non-linear parameters of the autonomic cardiovascular regulation of the heart rate variability undergoes modifications that respond to a better adaptability of the autonomic nervous system, and to a greater capacity to regulate cardiovascular function.