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Excavations of a rural settlement near Lleida enabled recover an important ceramic context dating from i-ii AD. The ceramic repertoire includes a wide representation of roman tableware; specially, Hispanic sigillata. A large number of vessels have graffiti with very different meanings. The richness and diversity of the deposit allows us to make some considerations about the conditions of its formation and the function of the place, as well as about the practice of written culture among the rural population of the period.

Rural cults are an aspect of the religion and culture of Roman Hispania that it is especially difficult to analyze given the paucity of epigraphic and archaeological evidence. This is quite a recent area of research; in addition, we are dealing with often modest religious practices that are difficult to identify in the archaeological record. Particularly problematic is the lack of information regarding cult places, despite the contribution made by some pioneering studies; yet the main problem has been the dominance of a paradigm that defines rural religion as a marginal space for social life, one that followed its own evolutionary rhythm influenced by a resistance to change. According to this paradigm, rural cults seem to comprise an unsystematic accumulation of traditional ritual practices whose preferred sphere of action would have been private.

espanolLa excavacion de un asentamiento rural cercano a Lleida ha permitido recuperar un importante contexto ceramico datado entre finales del siglo I e inicios del II d.C. El deposito incluye una amplia representacion de terra sigillata y vajillas de uso culinario del periodo, generalmente con pocas senales de uso. Con todo, el interes del repertorio reside en la diversidad y cantidad de los esgrafiados conservados. Los textos se escribieron casi exclusivamente en latin, pero incluyen algun ejemplo en griego. Su contenido se limita a representaciones onomasticas (en latin, griego y autoctonas), aunque tambien se identifican indicaciones de propiedad y expresiones insultantes o jocosas. En este articulo se analiza uno de los fragmentos, perteneciente a una jarra en ceramica engobada (una produccion caracteristica del Alto Imperio en el territorio), que parece conservar una indicacion onomastica iberica y tal vez un teonimo. Esta hipotesis conferiria un caracter votivo a la inscripcion. La composicion y cronologia del conjunto, procedente de un asentamiento situado en la periferia de un municipium romano, permite hacer algunas consideraciones sobre la evolucion de la onomastica autoctona en epoca imperial, asi como sobre el contexto cultural y religioso en el que se inserta esta onomastica. EnglishThe excavation of a rural settlement near Lleida has allowed the recovery of an important ceramic context dating from the end of the first century to the beginning of the second century AD. The deposit includes a broad representation of terra sigillata and culinary ware of the period, usually with few signs of use. However, the interest of the repertoire resides in the diversity and quantity of the conserved grafitti. The texts were written almost exclusively in Latin, but include some example in Greek. Its content is limited to onomastic representations (in Latin, Greek and native), although indications of property and insulting or jocular expressions are also identified. This article analyzes one of the fragments, belonging to a jug in common ware (a characteristic production of the High Empire in the territory), which seems to retain an Iberian onomastic indication and maybe a theonym. This hypothesis would confer a votive character to the inscription. The composition and chronology of the deposit, coming from a settlement located on the periphery of a Roman municipium, allows us to make some considerations about the evolution of the native onomastics in imperial times, as well as on the cultural and religious context in which this onomastic is inserted.

The Roman economy has been defined as an agrarian regime, where wheat was mainly cultivated combined with livestock farming and intensive cash crops such as wine and olive oil. Possibilities for economic growth in a winegrowing area such as the Laetanian region in Hispania Citerior depended upon changes in agrarian productivity but were subject to agro-ecological and agroeconomic endowments that could affect the settlement patterns, the fluctuations in population, the forms of production related to the vineyard crop capacities, the spread of new techniques of cultivation and processing and the adoption of new technological advances. The combination of these factors explains how comparative advantages arose from other winegrowing territories, achieved through intensification and specialization processes that generated an increase of winemaking production surplus capable of being traded in different overseas markets.

L’activité de recherche menée par notre équipe comprend des travaux de fouille mais surtout de prospection. Les premiers ont déjà été publiés pour la plupart d’entre eux, se rapportant précisément aux monuments 42, 53 et 647 (Kallala et al. 2014) et au dolmen SP370005 (Jornet, Fadrique et Sanmartí 2011) ; nous présentons dans ce volume un condensé des résultats obtenus. Nous y incorporons également les fouilles, encore inédites, de la bazina 241 et d’un petit secteur d’une structure singulière (nº 1054) que nous avons appelée « le Grand mur ». Pour ce qui est des travaux de prospection que nous avons menés depuis 2009 dans une partie importante du massif du Ksour, nous nous limiterons dans ce chapitre à en décrire la méthode de travail. Le lecteur trouvera à la fin de cet ouvrage l’inventaire complet des restes archéologiques documentés – des monuments funéraires d’époque protohistorique pour la plupart –, accompagné d’une série de photographies

Como é habitual na comunidade científica, minha primeira aproximação com Pedro Paulo Abreu Funari foi indireta. Dito de outro modo, ele era para mim o que costumamos denominar como um "conhecido bibliográfico", alguém que conhecemos mais por sua produção científica do que pessoalmente. No caso de Pedro Paulo, esse conhecimento remonta ao período de fins da década de 1980, em que preparava minha tese de licenciatura sobre economia romana; seguida anos mais tarde por uma tese sobre o mesmo tema. Naquele momento, as indicações de meu diretor de tese me levaram a procurar e ler seus trabalhos científicos. Esses trabalhos me impactaram. Não se tratava apenas do fato de que a temática se movia pelo âmbito da economia romana e que, de algum modo, afetasse meu próprio trabalho. Neles haviam ideias, propunham- se hipóteses bem fundamentadas, desenvolvidas com um modo de pensar que ainda não era frequente na literatura científica espanhola. Por detrás havia também uma metodologia pouco habitual, determinada por uma perspectiva multidisciplinar, que recorria, sem inibições, à epigrafia sobre o instrumentum, à arqueologia e aos textos literários; estes últimos eram, além disso, desconstruídos cuidadosamente, uma vez que se percebia claramente sua condição de imagens codificadas e elaboradas pelas elites gregas e romanas.

El artículo analiza las formas del poblamiento y las estructuras socio-económicas del Bajo Ebro en época romana. Se plantean, en particular, las relaciones entre la distribución del habitat, el paisaje rural, las estructuras de la producción agrícola y de la propiedad. Se analiza igualmente el origen y evolución histórica de estas estructuras, así como su integración en un marco político, social y económico más amplio, constituido por la provincia Tarraconense. This paper analyses the settlement patterns and the social-economic structures in Bajo Ebro in Roman times. It covers especifically relationships among settlements, rural landscape, structures of agricultural production and landowning. Likewise, the origin and historical evolution of these structures are studied, as well as their role within a broader political, social and economic framework in the Province of Tarraconensis.

Oggetto del presente contributo è una raccolta e analisi delle attestazioni epigrafiche di vilici e vilicae che furono connessi a proprietà imperiali e per i quali è esplicitata l’appartenenza alla familia Caesaris.