Search

The Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios can serve as indicators of zones permeable to ascending fluid fluxes that mark time spans when the kinematics of faults in the basement changed (extension and compression phases). The Eu/Eu* ratio is more informative, the variations in the Eu/Sm ratio are correlated with transgressions in the territory of the anteclise, and the variations in the Ce/La ratio could be caused by both metasomatic processes and low-temperature hydrothermal solutions. In the Voronezh anteclise, whose sedimentary cover is relatively thin and provides no evidence of catagenetic processes, high As concentrations and Eu/Eu* ratios of sedimentary rocks can be utilized as indicators of deep zones of fluid generation centres. Comparable average Eu/Eu*, Eu/Sm, and Ce/La ratios in Proterozoic sedimentary rocks in the platform cover and metasediments of Proterozoic banded iron formations (BIF) confirm that the tectonic environments in which sedimentary units of various age were accumulated were similar.

Criteria were established for the estimation of the lanthanide composition of sedimentary complexes for the reconstruction of sedimentation conditions. The distribution of lanthanides was investigated in phosphorites and sedimentary rocks from the cover of the East European platform, and published data on the geochemistry of phosphorites from Eurasia were analyzed. Indicator lanthanide ratios were established for the determination of the climate and depth of sedimentation, and the possibility of the use of rare earth elements for the facies settings and transgression-regression cycles of sedimentation was demonstrated. The sedimentation conditions of the iron formations of the Proterozoic Kursk and Krivoi Rog sedimentary groups were inferred from the distribution of lanthanides: the hematite and magnetite quartzites are the deepest water complexes of the sedimentation profile; the climatic conditions of sedimentation were estimated as humid for shale subformations and humid-semihumid for iron formations; the depths of sedimentation in the Kursk basin was 50−300 m; the sources of iron were the material of weathering profiles and endogenous influx.

The goal of the research was studying the manifestations of toxemic and complex immune syndromes in patients with malignant cerebral tumors, and also studying the possibilities of correction of such syndromes by means of the programs for infusion-desintoxication therapy in combination with plasmapheresis. Application of haemodilution and preliminary-prepared autohaemocomponents for compensation of blood loss at surgical interventions, promotes for decrease of toxemia manifestations and complex immune syndrome in the nearest post-surgery term.

The goal of the research was studying the clinical-laboratory manifestations of toxemic and complex immune syndromes in patients with malignant cerebral tumors, and also studying the possibilities of correction of such syndromes by means of the programs for infusion-desintoxication therapy in combination with plasmapheresis. Basic biochemical substrates of toxemia and complex immune syndrome are oligopeptides, substances of nonprotein nature (of high, low and average molecular weight) and circulating immune complexes. Plasmapheresis provides for their excretion, which allows to reduce the degree of autoimmune aggression and toxemia effectively. Application of haemodilution and preliminary-prepared autohaemocomponents for compensation of blood loss at surgical interventions, promotes for decrease of toxemia manifestations and complex immune syndrome in the nearest post-surgery term.

The behavior of trace and rare earth elements (REE) in weathering crusts (WC) developed after metasedimentary rocks of the Kursk Group of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) is considered. Specific features of their distribution in the weathering profile are noted and intervals of their concentration are outlined. It is suggested that the database of these elements can be used as indicators of the multistage formation and respective age of the WC.

The paper proposes subdivision of Albian and Cenomanian monotonous sandy sequences of the Voronezh anteclise on the basis of textural-structural features and distribution of accessory minerals. Distribution of rare earth, trace, and major elements was studied in sandy rocks and early diagenetic formations (glauconites and phosphorites). Dependence of the distribution on tectonic factor is noted.

Assessment of the impact of exogenic (facies environment and composition of eroded rocks) and endogenic (ascending fluid flows and hydrothermal metasomatism) factors is among the essential issues in study of the chemical composition of sedimentary rocks. Endogenic processes can foster the concentration of several elements (including ore elements that are often atypical of the region as a whole) in sedimentary rocks. At the same time, superimposed alterations are usually manifested only at the level of microelements. These processes are not reflected at the level of petrogenic oxides or in the textural‐structural features of sedimentary rocks [5]. We propose to assess the intensity of the impact of endogenic processes using indicator ratios based on rare earth elements.

The complex study of cell-mediated and humoral immunity characteristics, as well as nonspecific protective factors, in 30 diphtheria patients, 9 clinically healthy carriers and 54 healthy subjects was carried out. In healthy immunized subjects normal characteristics of all elements of immunity were observed in combination with high titers of antitoxins and sensitization of lymphocytes to diphtheria toxoid. In healthy carriers the presence of cell-mediated and humoral immunity to diphtheria was associated with disturbances of the metabolic activity of phagocytes and a decrease in the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to the mitogen. Diphtheria patients were found to have changes in all elements of immunity, especially pronounced in severe forms of the disease.

Study of the immunity and nonspecific defense factors in subjects living at a territory contaminated with radionuclides at a density of 1-5 Ci/km2 after the Chernobyl accident.A total of 144 subjects aged 18 to 82 years living in the Sasovo region of the Ryazan district were examined. Three groups were distinguished with different density of contamination: 1) n = 54, 1-5 Ci/km2; 2) n = 36, conditionally pure territory; and 3) n = 54, living at the interface of the two territories. Blood analysis was carried out, nonspecific defense factors studied in the NBT test, and cellular and humoral immunity parameters investigated.Values of the NBT test, levels of the natural inhibitory factor and IgA, counts and functional activities of T lymphocytes and their subpopulations differed but negligibly from those in subjects living at pure territories. On the other hand, the counts of large granular lymphocytes were decreased and the incidence of autoimmune reactions to thyroid hormone antigens increased in the population exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation, which might be due to incorporation of radioactive iodine.The detected changes in the population exposed to low-dose radiation indicate that the history of exposure cannot be neglected, for such an exposure causes development of some diseases or alters their course.

TNF-alpha stimulates HIV-1 replication via activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. TNF-mediated activation of NF-kappa B is known to involve the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). We recently demonstrated that HIV-1 Tat protein potentiates TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation by downregulation of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), shifting the cellular redox state towards pro-oxidative conditions. This study shows that treatment of Jurkat cells with iron chelator deferoxamine (DFO) strongly decreases HIV-1 Tat-potentiated TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation but does not modify NF-kappa B activation by TNF-alpha. The ability of iron chelators to reduce Tat-potentiated TNF-induced NF-kappa B binding activity suggests that iron and intracellular hydroxyl radicals (OH.) are required for Tat effect. Moreover, we have shown that exogenously generated OH. markedly enhanced TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation in a dose-dependent manner while was not sufficient to trigger activation of NF-kappa B by itself. In addition, iron chelators had no effect either on MnSOD activity or on the decrease of this activity by Tat. Iron chelators had also no effect on the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), but could elevate the GSH:GSSG ratio decreased by Tat protein. These observations suggest that the formation of intracellular OH. in the presence of iron ions play a major role in HIV-1 Tat enhancement of TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation and that iron chelation may protect Jurkat T cells, at least in part, against oxidative stress induced by Tat.

This article demonstrates that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 amplifies the activity of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a cytokine that stimulates HIV-1 replication through activation of NF-kappa B. In CD4-positive Jurkat cells, gp120 potentiates TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation. TNF-mediated activation of NF-kappa B is known to involve the intracellular formation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Accordingly, we examined the influence of gp120 on the cellular redox state. We found that gp 120-modulated TNF-induced NK-kappa B activation was inhibited by the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole, indicating the involvement of redox-dependent mechanisms. In addition, we showed that gp120 induces intracellular formation of hydrogen peroxide, which is accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of glutathione to glutathione disulfide. In contrast, in the p56lck-deficient J.CaM1.6 T cell line, a derivative of the Jurkat cell line, gp120 was unable to stimulate hydrogen peroxide, to decrease the ratio of GSH to GSSG, and has no effect on TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation. This demonstrated that p56lck protein tyrosine kinase plays an active role in transmitting a signal that increases the oxidative state of the cell and as a consequence amplifies TNF-mediated NF-kappa B DNA binding. We have demonstrated that Tat protein decreased both the Mn-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and the cellular glutathione content (GSH). Here we show that, in contrast to Tat, gp120 is unable to inhibit activity and expression of MnSOD and to decrease GSH content. Taken together, our data suggest that gp120 potentiates TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation by stimulating a signal pathway that involves p56lck and the increased formation of reactive oxygen intermediates such as H2O2. These findings may be relevant for the regulation of HIV-1 replication in T cells.

The functional state of urethral neutrophil granulocytes in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis, and possibility of miramistin use in complex treatment of the disease were investigated. The data revealed functional suppression of these granulocytes in the patients. Complex treatment with miramistin normalized indices of urethral phagocytic activity, on the contrary, after treatment of the patients without the agent there was no tendency to normalize urethral phagocytic function. The findings suggest that miramistin supplemented to routine antiinflammatory therapy improves curative results in patients with chronic urethro-prostatitis but the drug should be prescribed in accordance with the initial function of urethral neutrophil granulocytes.

It was found that addition of mirastimin to the traditional anti-inflammatory treatment results in stimulation of the absorptive capacity of the urethral phagocytes and improves the results of treatment of patients with chronic urethroprostatitis. The immunomodulator mirastimin should be given with consideration of the initial functional state of urethral neutrophilic granulocytes.

Immunogenic properties of influenza virus hemagglutinin, isolated by new detergents O-14 (desintegron-O) and B-14 (desintegron-B) have been studied. Hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-O has been found to be more immunogenic than virions. It has been shown that hemagglutinin isolated by desintegron-B induces a lower humoral immune response than the influenza virus.

The influence of synthetic surfactants of different classes (BX-14, O-14, B-14) on an immunologic reactivity of mice with evolving experimental tuberculosis was studied. The use of the substances leads to an increase of the E-rosette forming cells (E-RFC) in the mice thymus gland and spleen, and stimulates the inhibited function of spleen natural killers, without modifying (except the agent O-14) the cytotoxicity level of thymus gland natural killers. The above substances can enhance the absorbing capacity of the spleen macrophages as well as their ability to reduce nitro blue tetrazolium. Attention is drawn to the possibility of using immunostimulators belonging to a group of surfactants to correct immunologic reactivity impairments caused by tuberculosis.

The study showed that miramystin, a cationi surfactant, was an immunostimulant inducing an increase in humoral and cellular immunity in response to sheep red blood cells. The observed dose-dependent stimulating effect of miramystin on antibody production and development of DTH recommends its use as an immunologic adjuvant in the laboratory practice. It also indicated to the prospects in investigation of immunologic adjuvant properties of other preparations belonging to surface-active substances.

Secondary immunodeficiency, one of whose manifestations is depressed phagocytic activity of urethral neutrophilic granulocytes, develops in patients with chronic urethroprostatitis. Miramistin exerts a dose-dependent stimulating effect on the urethral neutrophilic granulocytes; the maximum stimulating effect is observed when phagocytes are treated with 0.001% solution of the drug.

The influence of human fetal bone (FB) on the hemopoietic and stromal cells were studied in the morphometric assay of the bone marrow trephine biopsy samples after a preliminary cultivation using the Marbrook system for 1-5 weeks. The rat FB effect on the hemopoiesis and survival were also studied in experiment with FB transplantation to rats with prior administration of lethal and sublethal doses of cyclophosphamide. In long-term cultivation of the bone marrow trephine biopsy samples, enhanced proliferation of the fibrous tissue and elimination of hemopoietic elements were seen. Combined cultivation of the trephine biopsy samples of the bone marrow and FB inhibited the fibrous tissue proliferation and enhanced the viability of the hemopoietic and lipid cells. Transplantation of the FB in experiment shortened the leukocytopenia period in rats after sublethal (300 mg/kg) and lethal (500 mg/kg) doses of cyclophosphamide and increased their survival.

This paper presents the results of numerical experiments using a conduction source in the regime of internal source operation. It is confirmed that the total drag of a self-moving sphere can be less than its classical value. The example of such a flow permits the assertion that the internal source EBF possess the capability of reducing the hyrodynamic drag of small span bodies.

A number of studies (cf. [i, 2]) have examined the flow of an incompressible viscous liquid around a rotating sphere, together with magnetohydrodynamic flow around a slowly rotating sphere [3, 4]. In [5, 6] turbulent flows were considered, arising in a conductive incompressible liquid under the influence of the electromagnetic field created by a variable dipole located within a nonconducting sphere. In [5] the dipole was located in the center of the sphere, while in [6] it was shifted away from the center, leading to motion of the sphere relative to the liquid at rest at infinity. The present study will consider the problem of slow flow of a conductive incompressible viscous liquid around a sphere containing a rotating magnetic dipole. The liquid occupies all of an infinite space outside the sphere of radius a, as in [5, 6]. The problem will be solved for the case of small hydrodynamic and magnetic Reynolds numbers. The solution contains two terms of the Stokes expans ion.

1. The radical products of low-temperature reactions of hydrogen atoms with a number of derivatives of thiophene in the solid phase were studied. 2. In the case of 2-methylthiophene, 2-thiophenealdehyde, and 2-acetothienone, H atoms are added to the ring at the C=C bonds, forming radicals with an unpaired electron on the carbon atom. 3. In the interaction of 3-methylthiophene with H atoms, a 3-thienyl radical is formed as a result of stripping of a H atom from the CH3 group. 4. The reactions of H atoms with 2-chloro- and 2,5-dichlorothiophenes and complex carbonyl compounds and 2-nitrothiophene with AlCl3 and H2SO4 leads to radicals in which the unpaired electron is localized chiefly on the S atom. 5. The radical products of gas phase reactions of H atoms at room temperature with 2-chloro-,2- and 3-methylthiophenes were studied. In the case of 2-chlorothiophene, the reaction leads to stripping of a Cl atom, while in the case of 2- and 3-methylthiophene it leads to stripping of a H atom from the CH3 group.

Results of 270 plasmacytophereses performed in 64 patients with different forms of hemoblastoses are presented. Indications for using the method are determined. It is shown that plasmacytopheresis included in the complex therapy of hemoblastoses increases the incidence of remissions, shortens the time of treatment, allows to increase single doses and decrease general dose of the cytostatic preparations used.

Washing off donors' red blood cell pack with NaCl isotonic solution results in improvement of red blood cell rheologic properties: their aggregation reduces, deformability increases, osmotic resistance rises. Heparin addition to the washing off solution in a dose of 5 IU/ml prevents development of antiheparin activity in red blood cells after washing off. Application of washed-off red blood cells of donors has advantages as compared to transfusion of the whole blood.

A study was made of the effect of leukocytic interferon on the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in patients with chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the lungs. Cells isolated from the patients' bronchoalveolar washing off were used. It was concluded that short-term incubation of macrophages and neutrophils with interferon resulted in phagocytosis enhancement and increased intensity of metabolic processes in them. Interferon produced the most noticeable effect on cells with an initially reduced absorption capacity.

As the result of the study of the peripheral blood monocyte function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, the ingestive capacity of monocytes has been found to be suppressed, which indicates the pathological state of oxygen-dependent mechanisms governing the bactericidal activity of cells, the most pronounced disturbances of monocyte functions being observed in patients with fibrous-cavernous and disseminated tuberculosis.