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A Twenty-five bronchial plug samples from dead broiler chicken with signs of respiratory distress collected for identification of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC). Samples comprised of one pooled sample each from 25 poultry farms located in and around Junagadh city. Isolation, culture and colony characteristics used for primary detection followed by PCR assay targeting four virulence genes (iss, papC, tsh and vat)for confirmatory diagnosis. All bronchial plugs were found to be positive for E. coli infection by isolation. Out of 25 flock sampled, the highest number of E. coli isolates were found positive for the presence of iss gene (22) followed by tsh gene (15), vat gene (13) and papC gene (8)by PCR. On antibiogram, overall E. coli was highly sensitive to colistin (Methane sulphonate) and meropenem(100%) followed by levofloxacin (76%), ceftriaxone (64%), gentamicin (60%), amikacin (60%), co-trimoxazole (40%), amoxycilin-clavunic acid (8%) and imepenem (8%). These results indicated the high prevalence of the E. coli with variable antibiotic resistance in broiler chicken.

The present retrospective surveillance (n = 48) and actual dental scaling (n = 20) work were conducted on dogs of either sex from 2 to 12 years in different breeds with periodontal diseases (PD) presented to the VCC, Junagadh. Among the 48 retrospective cases, the higher incidence was recorded in dogs above 6 years of age (56.25 %) followed by 3-6 years (37.5 %) and less than 3 years of age (6.25 %), particularly affecting male dogs (70.83 %). Pomeranian/Spitz breed was affected the most (39.58 %, 19/48), followed by German shepherd (16.67 %), Labrador retriever (14.58 %), non-descript (14.58 %), and other 4 to 6%. The highest incidence of stage 4 PD was noticed in the dogs of > 6 years of age (53.84 %). Among 20 dogs of the current year, the major complaint was halitosis (70 %) and sticky salivation (55 %), followed by anorexia (35 %), pawing at mouth (20 %) and facial swelling (15 %). 11 out of 20 dogs (55 %) were maintained on a purely vegetarian diet and rest 9 (45 %) on veg and non-veg diet. Oral examination of dogs revealed a varying degree of dental plaque in all 20 cases (100 %), followed by dental calculus (85 %), gingival recession (45 %), gingival hyperplasia (30 %) and tooth fracture (15 %). Plaque index (PI) 2 was observed maximum in 11 (55 %) dogs, followed by PI 1 in 7 (35 %) and PI 3 in 2 (10 %) dogs. Dogs suffered maximum with CI 2 type calculus (45 %), followed by CI 1 (25 %) and CI 3 (20 %). Furcation of a varying degree was noticed only in 8 40% dogs out of 20, which was classified as FE 1 in 4 (20 %), followed by FE 3 and FE 2 in 2 cases each (10 %). In 13 out of 20 dogs, periodontal probing depth was less than 3 mm, whereas it was 4 mm and > 5 mm in 4 (20 %) and 3 (15 %) dogs, respectively. Most effective dental scaling could be performed under diazepam-ketamine general anesthesia by using an ultrasonic piezo scaler tip at a 45° angle to the tooth surface for removal of calculus.

Diabetes is an established risk factor for reinfarction and cardiac death in postinfarction patients. Since the underlying mechanism of diabetes-related risk is not fully understood we aimed to evaluate the association between lipids, thrombogenic factors and diabetes in postinfarction patients. The study population consisted of 1,045 postinfarction patients (846 non-diabetic, 125 non-insulin- and 74 insulin-requiring diabetics) with the following blood tests performed 2 months after an index myocardial infarction: lipoprotein (a), apolipoprotein-B, apolipoprotein-A, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, von Willebrand factor (vWF), fibrinogen, factor VII, D-dimer, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1). After adjustment for relevant clinical covariates, non-insulin-requiring diabetes was significantly (p0.05) associated with elevated levels of (odd ratios per 1 log unit increase in parenthesis) vWF (1.74) and PAI-1 (1.42) whereas insulin requiring diabetes was associated with even more elevated levels of vWF (4.68), but not with increased levels of PAI-1. No significant differences in lipid levels were observed among three groups. In conclusion, increased level of von Willebrand factor is significantly and independently associated with diabetes in postinfarction patients, suggesting that endothelial damage is the primary mechanisms contributing to an increased occurrence of vascular and cardiac events in diabetic postinfarction patients.

A 65-year-old male was referred for to our facility for right and left heart catheterization and coronary angiography for evaluation of a ventricular septal defect and to rule out significant coronary artery disease. During the procedure, the patient was diagnosed with a double-chambered right ventricle (DCRV). Most DCRV cases are diagnosed at a young age; presentation in an adult is extremely rare.

Cutaneous tuberculosis is an infrequent first sign of disseminated tuberculosis. We describe a patient with 2 cutaneous ulcerations that grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Despite an initial response to antimycobacterial therapy, the fever relapsed. After several months, biopsy of a single cervical lymph node showed a T cell-rich B cell lymphoma. Our patient had metastatic tuberculous abscesses (tuberculous gummas), which are secondary to disseminated tuberculosis, and an underlying occult lymphoma, both believed to be sequentially presenting as a fever of unknown origin.

Thrombosis contributes to recurrent coronary events in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), but prognostic significance of thrombogenic factors by gender is unknown. This study aimed to determine gender-related differences in the prognostic significance of thrombogenic factors for predicting cardiac events (nonfatal reinfarction or cardiac death) in postinfarction patients. Blood levels of the following factors were measured 2 months after AMI in 791 men and 254 women: fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor VII and VIIa, plasminogen activator inhibitor, D-dimer, cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein B, lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. After adjustment for clinical covariates, levels of apolipoprotein A, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, fibrinogen, and factor VIIa were significantly higher in postinfarction women than men. During a mean 26-month follow-up, there were 67 cardiac events (8.5%) in men and 14 (5.5%) in women (p = 0.11). In the multivariate Cox model, elevated levels of factor VIIa were a significant predictor of cardiac events in women (p = 0.022) but not in men (p = 0.80), with significant gender-related effect (hazard ratio 2.80 vs 0.92, respectively; p0.05). D-dimer had prognostic value in men (p = 0. 006) but not in women (p = 0.36), although the difference between hazard ratios for men and women was not significant (2.35 vs 1.58, respectively; p = 0.49). In conclusion, elevated levels of factor VIIa are associated with an increased risk of recurrent cardiac events in postinfarction women, but not in men. D-dimer is more predictive for cardiac events in postinfarction men than women. These observations indicate possible gender-related differences in the pathophysiologic mechanisms of recurrent cardiac events.