64 results on '"V., Califano"'
Search Results
2. β-glucosidase immobilization into mesoporous silica nanoparticles: the effect of pore size and morphology
- Author
-
A. Costantini, V. Califano, B. Silvestri, V. Venezia, F. Sannino, A. Aronne, A. Costantini, V. Califano, B. Silvestri, V. Venezia, F. Sannino, A. Aronne, Costantini, A., Califano, V., Silvestri, B., Venezia, V., Sannino, F., and Aronne, A.
- Published
- 2019
3. Antibody of the IgG2 Subclass, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and Early-Onset Periodontitis
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Keisuke Nakashima, John G. Tew, John C. Gunsolley, Harvey A. Schenkein, Steve Quinn, Srilatha Tangada, and Ji Bo Zhang
- Subjects
Periodontitis ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Disease ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Subclass ,stomatognathic diseases ,Titer ,Immunology ,Actinobacillus ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Periodontics ,Early-Onset Periodontitis ,Antibody - Abstract
Susceptibility to early-onset periodontitis (EOP) appears to be attributable to a gene inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. This explains why EOP clusters in families and why about half of the family members develop periodontal disease early in life. Manifestation of EOP is variable, with some patients having a localized form restricted to first molars and incisors (LJP) and others with a severe generalized form of periodontitis (SP). The extent and severity of disease is less in patients who are seropositive for Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans than in seronegative patients, and this relationship prompted the hypothesis that anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans helps limit disease. The dominant antibody is an IgG2 reactive with the serotypespecific carbohydrate. The incidence of the LJP form of EOP is about 10 times higher in blacks than in whites. Interestingly, blacks have higher levels of serum IgG2, a higher frequency of anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans antibody, and higher serum titers of IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans which may help explain why the disease is localized. Studies in progress suggest that smoking reduces serum IgG2 levels in SP patients and is associated with more severe periodontal destruction. In marked contrast, IgG2 does not appear to be reduced in LJP patients who smoke, and smoking does not appear to increase periodontal destruction. We think that IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans is playing a role in limiting the extent and severity of disease in patients genetically susceptible to EOP. J Periodontol 1996;67:317-322.
- Published
- 2018
4. Guidelines for Motivating and Assisting Patients With Smoking Cessation in Dental Settings
- Author
-
C. Ervin Davis, Francis G. Serio, and Joseph V. Califano
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,General Engineering ,Behavioural sciences ,General Medicine ,Quit smoking ,Clinical Practice ,Cigarette smoking ,Periodontal disease ,Clinical question ,Family medicine ,Behavioral medicine ,medicine ,Physical therapy ,Smoking cessation ,business - Abstract
Focused Clinical Question: Periodontal disease is related to use of tobacco, particularly cigarettes. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with 20% of annual deaths attributable to smoking-related illness. How does motivating patients to quit smoking challenge periodontists and other providers to improve clinical management? Summary: Four patient cases from the author's (CED) clinical practice in behavioral medicine illustrate key points in management of two patients who were successful in quitting smoking and two who were unsuccessful quitting. Conclusion: These cases illustrate some of the characteristics of patients and factors that contribute to successful smoking cessation and provide examples and practical information for use in the dental office for helping patients with smoking cessation.
- Published
- 2014
5. Carbon dioxide capture by adsorption on amine incorporated hexagonal mesoporous silica
- Author
-
Fortunato Migliardini, M. F. Gaele, Antonio Aronne, P. Corbo, V Califano, Stefano Cimino, Califano, V., Migliardini, F., Aronne, A., Cimino, S., Corbo, P., and Gaele, M. F.
- Subjects
Health (social science) ,Materials science ,General Computer Science ,Hexagonal crystal system ,General Mathematics ,General Engineering ,Mesoporous silica ,Solid sorbents ,Education ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,General Energy ,Adsorption ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Hexagonal mesoporous silica ,Carbon dioxide ,Amine gas treating ,Amines ,Carbon dioxide capture ,Amine ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Post combustion carbon capture technologies could benefit by the utilization of cost-effective solid sorbents. Amine incorporated hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS) materials have been recently proposed in order to overcome the limitations of the commercial liquid phase amine-based adsorption. In this paper the properties of as-synthesized HMS were studied in order to verify the effectiveness of the templating amine and establish a strategy for the optimization of this contribution.
- Published
- 2017
6. Emulsion droplet micro-explosion: Analysis of two experimental approaches
- Author
-
Patrizio Massoli, Jérôme Bellettre, R. Calabria, V. Califano, and Ernesto Mura
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Coalescence (physics) ,Materials science ,Emulsion ,Mechanical Engineering ,General Chemical Engineering ,Micro-explosion ,Leidenfrost ,Aerospace Engineering ,Thermodynamics ,Waste oil ,Nanotechnology ,Combustion ,Leidenfrost effect ,Separation ,Separation process ,Creaming ,Nuclear Energy and Engineering ,Energy transformation ,Suspended droplet - Abstract
Combustion of water in oil μ -emulsions is still considered as a useful technology for the energy conversion of waste oil. One of the most relevant advantages is related to the phenomenon of micro-explosion ( μ – e ) that produces the secondary atomization of the oil. Several experimental approaches have been proposed in the last years with the aim to characterize the μ – e effect under different conditions. In this paper, an experimental comparison between the two useful approaches is presented. The results obtained with the technique of the Suspended droplet will be related to data present in the literature, obtained through the Leidenfrost technique . Quantitative thermal results such as the μ – e temperature and the fall temperature after μ – e show the most important differences. The important role played by the separation process as coalescence and creaming in both approaches is also discussed.
- Published
- 2014
7. A Logical and Progressive Approach to Computed Tomography–Guided Implantology
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Alan L. Rosenfeld, and George A. Mandelaris
- Subjects
Cone beam computed tomography ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Visual positioning ,General Engineering ,Dentistry ,Computed tomography ,General Medicine ,Laboratory Technologist ,Performance objective ,Rendering (computer graphics) ,Logical conjunction ,Medicine ,Medical physics ,Implant ,business - Abstract
Background Historically, implants were placed in the available bone with little consideration of the prosthetic rehabilitation. More recently, a ‘‘top-down, prosthetically driven’’ approach using conventional surgical templates has been used to ensure optimal final tooth position. Understanding the planned prosthetic outcome during surgical placement improves the predictability of implant restorations based on providing a visual positioning reference. Interactive computed tomography (CT) technology has allowed for greater preoperative knowledge of a patient’s anatomy, aiding in diagnosis and strategic execution of therapy. In addition, CT-based analysis provides for prosthetic and surgical performance objectives to be established before the rendering of irreversible treatment. Furthermore, this process allows for preoperative collaboration among the restoring dentist, laboratory technologist, surgeon, and patient. This multistep process has been called ‘‘collaborative accountability.’’1
- Published
- 2012
8. Infections of the Periodontal Apparatus
- Author
-
Grishondra Branch-Mays, James A. Katancik, Joseph V. Califano, and Akshay Kumarswamy
- Subjects
business.industry ,Medicine ,business - Published
- 2016
9. Radiographic Considerations for the Regional Anatomy in the Posterior Mandible
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Natasha Yashar, Christopher G. Engeland, Timothy P. Walsh, and Alan L. Rosenfeld
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Mandibular Nerve ,Radiography ,Mandibular nerve ,Computed tomography ,Mandible ,Inferior alveolar nerve ,Mental foramen ,Young Adult ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Sex Factors ,Bone Density ,Confidence Intervals ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Bicuspid ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,Posterior mandible ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Age Factors ,Anatomy ,Middle Aged ,Molar ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Periodontics ,Female ,Trigeminal Nerve Injuries ,Tomography ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Cadaveric spasm - Abstract
Previous studies of the inferior alveolar nerve have used cadaveric specimens in small patient groups. The purpose of this study was to describe the anatomy in the posterior mandible with respect to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) using computed tomography (CT) images in a large patient population. We hypothesize that CT scans are an important component of a thorough treatment plan for minimizing risk to the IAN and optimizing surgical outcomes.CT scans of 195 patients (62 males and 133 females; age range: 22 to 88 years) were evaluated retrospectively. With the aid of computer software, cross-sectional images were examined at 5-mm increments distal to the mental foramen to the ascending ramus. Four measurements were made at each cross-sectional image. The distances from the IAN to the: 1) alveolar crest (CN); 2) buccal cortical plate (BN); 3) lingual cortical plate (LN); and 4) inferior border (IN) were measured.Most measurements for males and females were significantly different. Mean values were as follows (males/females): CN, 13.85 ± 0.43/11.98 ± 0.40 mm (P0.01); BN, 4.98 ± 0.15/4.47 ± 0.11 mm (P0.01); LN, 2.93 ± 0.12/3.19 ± 0.10 mm (P0.10); and IN, 7.76 ± 0.16/7.00 ± 0.15 mm (P0.01). The 95% confidence intervals indicated that many patients had limited bone volume in the buccal shelf or ascending ramus.Given the high degree of variability in mandibular bone volume surrounding the IAN and the position of the IAN, the use of CT scans should be considered for surgical procedures in the posterior mandible when there is risk of injury to the IAN.
- Published
- 2012
10. HIV infection and tooth loss
- Author
-
Christopher G. Engeland, Mario Alves, Paul Jang, Joseph V. Califano, and Phillip T. Marucha
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Cross-sectional study ,Dentistry ,HIV Infections ,Xerostomia ,Tooth Loss ,stomatognathic system ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Risk Factors ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Tooth loss ,Humans ,Risk factor ,General Dentistry ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Analysis of Variance ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Age Factors ,Case-control study ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,stomatognathic diseases ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Case-Control Studies ,Dental Care for Chronically Ill ,Female ,Surgery ,Viral disease ,Oral Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Viral load - Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between HIV infection and tooth loss. Based on periodontal reports, we hypothesize HIV+ patients experience greater tooth loss than systemically healthy patients. Study design This was a retrospective cross-sectional chart study involving 193 HIV+ patients and 192 controls matched on age, race, gender, and smoking status. The relationships between tooth loss and age, race, gender, smoking, CD4+ cell count, and viral load were determined. This study used a 2-year follow-up/maintenance period and was conducted during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Results Tooth loss between groups was not significantly different at any time point: (1) before dental treatment; (2) after initial periodontal and restorative treatment; and (3) following a 2-year maintenance period. Age, race, and smoking were risk factors for tooth loss. Among HIV+ individuals, CD4+ cell count and viral load did not influence tooth loss. Conclusions HIV infection, in the era of HAART, does not appear to be a risk factor for tooth loss. We also did not find any association between tooth loss and indices of HIV disease progression.
- Published
- 2008
11. Second-order optical non-linearity initiated in Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 and Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5–SiO2 glasses by formation of polar and centrosymmetric nanostructures
- Author
-
S. Yu. Stefanovich, V. A. Glazunova, V. Califano, T. E. Konstantinova, D. Vouagner, Yasuhiko Benino, Vladimir N. Sigaev, Esther Fanelli, Pasquale Pernice, Antonio Aronne, B. Champagnon, Takayuki Komatsu, Nikita V. Golubev, Sigaev, V. N., Golubev, N. V., STEFANOVICH S., Yu, Komatsu, T, Benino, Y, Pernice, Pasquale, Aronne, Antonio, Fanelli, Esther, Champagnon, B, Califano, V, Vouagner, D, Konstantinova, T. E., and Glazunova, V. A.
- Subjects
TEM/STEM ,Materials science ,Second-harmonic generation ,Nanocrystal ,Non-linear optic ,Neutron scattering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Ferroelectricity ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,law.invention ,Amorphous solid ,Crystallography ,Oxide glasses ,Chemical physics ,Transmission electron microscopy ,law ,Phase (matter) ,Neutron diffraction/scattering ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,Crystallization - Abstract
Amorphous nanoheterogeneities of the size less than 100 A have been formed in glasses of the Li2O–Nb2O5–SiO2 (LNS) and Li2O–ZnO–Nb2O5–SiO2 (LZNS) systems at the initial stage of phase separation and examined by transmission electron microscopy, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Both LNS and LZNS nanoheterogeneous glasses exhibit second harmonic generation (SHG) even when they are characterized by fully amorphous X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. Chemical differentiation and ordering of glass structure during heat treatments at appropriate temperatures higher Tg lead to drastic increase of SHG efficiency of LNS glasses contrary to LZNS ones in the frame of amorphous state of samples. Following heat treatments of nanostructured glasses result in crystallization of ferroelectric LiNbO3 and non-polar LiZnNbO4 in the LNS and LZNS glasses, respectively. Taking into account similar polarizability of atoms in LNS and LZNS glasses, the origin of the principal difference in the second-order optical non-linearity of amorphous LNS and LZNS samples is proposed to connect predominantly with the internal structure of formed nanoheterogeneities and with their polarity. Most probably, amorphous nanoheterogeneities in glasses may be characterized with crystal-like structure of polar (LiNbO3) phase initiating remarkable SHG efficiency or non-polar (LiZnNbO4) phase, which do not initiate SHG activity. It gives an opportunity to vary SHG efficiency of glasses in a wide rage without remarkable change of their transparency by chemical differentiation process at the initial stage of phase separation when growth of nanoheterogeneities is ‘frozen’. At higher temperatures, LiNbO3 crystals identified by XRD precipitate in LNS glasses initiating even more increase of SHG efficiency but visually observable transparency is impaired.
- Published
- 2008
12. C-Reactive Protein Levels in Patients With Aggressive Periodontitis
- Author
-
Al M. Best, Jeffrey D. Rogers, Benjamin T. Overstreet, Joseph V. Califano, Harvey A. Schenkein, and Trang N. Salzberg
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Periodontal examination ,Dentistry ,Systemic inflammation ,Gastroenterology ,Age Distribution ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Aggressive periodontitis ,Sex Distribution ,Periodontitis ,biology ,business.industry ,C-reactive protein ,medicine.disease ,Chronic periodontitis ,Confidence interval ,C-Reactive Protein ,Clinical attachment loss ,biology.protein ,Periodontics ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,Epidemiologic Methods ,business ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Background: Sera from patients with periodontal infections contain elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to periodontally healthy individuals. Most studies to date have included patients with chronic periodontitis, and few investigators have studied CRP levels in subjects with aggressive periodontitis (AgP). The purpose of this study was to determine the relative levels of serum CRP in AgP patients and periodontally healthy subjects and to examine patients’ characteristics that might account for intergroup differences. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 93 patients with generalized AgP (GAgP), from 97 patients with localized AgP (LAgP), and from 91 healthy controls (non-periodontitis [NP]). Periodontal examination consisted of plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, bleeding index, and attachment loss measurements. Current smoking was assessed by determination of serum cotinine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum CRP levels were determined using a high-sensitivity ELISA assay. Results: The three groups were significantly different from one another (P
- Published
- 2006
13. Quantitative Measures of Aggressive Periodontitis Show Substantial Heritability and Consistency With Traditional Diagnoses
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Carol N. Brooks, J. A. Burmeister, Scott R. Diehl, Harvey A. Schenkein, Tianxia Wu, and Bryan S. Michalowicz
- Subjects
Adult ,Molar ,Adolescent ,Dentistry ,Quantitative trait locus ,Severity of Illness Index ,Quantitative Trait, Heritable ,stomatognathic system ,Discriminant function analysis ,Consistency (statistics) ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,Statistics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Aggressive periodontitis ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Medical diagnosis ,Periodontitis ,Principal Component Analysis ,business.industry ,Discriminant Analysis ,Heritability ,medicine.disease ,stomatognathic diseases ,Acute Disease ,Chronic Disease ,Principal component analysis ,Periodontics ,Periodontal Index ,business - Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis (AgP) research nearly always classifies subjects into traditional discrete categories of localized or generalized, based upon degree of attachment loss (AL) and types of affected teeth. Since AL is continuous and quantitative, however, useful information is lost. We developed quantitative measures of AgP, compared these to traditional methods, and estimated heritabilities in families.We examined 237 healthy, 169 localized AgP, and 204 generalized AgP subjects. We used the site of maximum AL of each tooth to calculate means for each subject for different groups of teeth. We also applied principal components analysis (PCA) to condense variation among 28 teeth into three orthogonal (uncorrelated) variables. We used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to evaluate how well the quantitative measures match with traditional classifications. Quantitative trait heritabilities were estimated by variance components.PCA clustered first molars, incisors, and the other teeth into three groups. DFA showed that quantitative measures classified subjects consistent with traditional methods (87% to 94% agreement). Heritabilities ranged from 13.7% (P = 0.10) to 30.0% (P = 0.008) for quantitative measures, with highest values obtained for first molars. A combination of the principal component variables most heavily weighted on first molars and incisors gave the best model of disease susceptibility, with good separation of healthy versus diseased subjects, independent of disease extent or severity.Quantitative measures may provide improved precision and power for many kinds of periodontal research. Our finding of significant heritability supports their use in gene mapping studies of AgP susceptibility.
- Published
- 2005
14. Antibody reactive with Porphyromonas gingivalis hemagglutinin in chronic and generalized aggressive periodontitis
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Jeffrey D. Rogers, Debra Chou, Janina P. Lewis, Al M. Best, and Harvey A. Schenkein
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antigen ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,Bacteroidaceae Infections ,medicine ,Humans ,Aggressive periodontitis ,Periodontitis ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Middle Aged ,Hemagglutinin ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Chronic periodontitis ,Hemagglutinins ,Clinical attachment loss ,Chronic Disease ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Periodontics ,Female - Abstract
Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis, a black-pigmented, gram-negative anaerobe, is found in periodontitis lesions and its presence in subgingival plaque significantly increases the risk for periodontitis. We have previously shown that patients with aggressive forms of periodontitis that are seropositive for P. gingivalis have less attachment loss than those that are seronegative. This suggests that antibody reactive with antigens of P. gingivalis may be protective and decrease disease severity and extent. Recent studies in the murine abscess model and in the host antibody response in chronic periodontitis patients suggest that antibody reactive with P. gingivalis hemagglutinin may be an important protective antibody response. Objectives: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that there was a significant relationship between antibody reactive with P. gingivalis hemagglutinin and measures of periodontal attachment loss. Methods: We determined the immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody concentration reactive with recombinant P. gingivalis hemagglutinin in 117 chronic periodontitis and 90 generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. We also determined the IgG subclass distribution for antibody reactive with P. gingivalis hemagglutinin. Results and Conclusions: We found IgG reactive with P. gingivalis hemagglutinin in both chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis patients. Most of this IgG antibody was of the IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses. Antibody reactive with P. gingivalis hemagglutinin, however, did not have a significant relationship with measures of periodontal attachment loss.
- Published
- 2004
15. Position Paper: Periodontal Diseases of Children and Adolescents
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano
- Subjects
Adult ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Systemic disease ,Adolescent ,Periodontal examination ,Dental Plaque ,Disease ,Necrosis ,Gingivitis ,Genetic predisposition ,Humans ,Medicine ,Child ,Periodontitis ,Periodontal Diseases ,Modalities ,business.industry ,General Engineering ,Guideline ,medicine.disease ,Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Chronic Disease ,Gingival Diseases ,Periodontics ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Children and adolescents are subject to several periodontal diseases. Although there is a much lower prevalence of destructive periodontal diseases in children than in adults, children can develop severe forms of periodontitis. In some cases, this destructive disease is a manifestation of a known underlying systemic disease. In other young patients, the underlying cause for increased susceptibility and early onset of disease is unknown. These diseases are often familial, suggesting a genetic predisposition for aggressive disease. Current modalities for managing periodontal diseases of children and adolescents may include antibiotic therapy in combination with non-surgical and/or surgical therapy. Since early diagnosis ensures the greatest chance for successful treatment, it is important that children receive a periodontal examination as part of their routine dental visits.
- Published
- 2003
16. Evidence of a Substantial Genetic Basis for IgG2 Levels in Families with Aggressive Periodontitis
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Carol N. Brooks, Tianxia Wu, J. A. Burmeister, John G. Tew, Harvey A. Schenkein, and Scott R. Diehl
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Adolescent ,Black People ,Disease ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,complex mixtures ,Genetic correlation ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,Risk Factors ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Aggressive periodontitis ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Periodontitis ,General Dentistry ,Gene ,Aged ,Genetics ,Smoking ,Age Factors ,Genetic Variation ,Contrast (statistics) ,Pathogenic bacteria ,030206 dentistry ,Middle Aged ,Heritability ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Female - Abstract
IgG2 is elevated in localized but not in generalized aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Exposure to pathogenic bacteria is essential for disease. Immune responses are dominated by IgG2 reactive with bacterial surface carbohydrates. We used variance component analyses to assess IgG2 heritability and determine whether genes that influence IgG2 are the same genes that influence disease susceptibility. We studied 17 Caucasian and 43 African American families with two or more localized or generalized AgP-affected members (274 subjects with IgG2 measurements). Only 16% of the variance in IgG2 was attributable to age, race, and smoking. Even with the addition of localized AgP, the model still explained only 19% of IgG2 variance. By contrast, heritability of IgG2 levels was estimated to be 38% and highly significant (P = 0.0006), demonstrating a substantial genetic basis. Bi-trait variance component analyses of IgG2 and quantitative measures of AgP indicate that different genes appear to control IgG2 levels and disease susceptibility.
- Published
- 2003
17. The genetic relatedness of Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical and laboratory strains assessed by analysis of insertion sequence (IS) element distribution
- Author
-
T. Arimoto, Joseph V. Califano, and Todd Kitten
- Subjects
Genetics ,genomic DNA ,Genetic diversity ,Phylogenetics ,Strain (biology) ,Genetic variation ,Periodontics ,Insertion sequence ,Restriction fragment length polymorphism ,Biology ,Southern blot - Abstract
Objectives:Porphyromonas gingivalis is frequently found in periodontitis lesions. This organism contains a large number of insertion sequence (IS) elements. We sought to determine the distribution of seven IS elements from strain W83 among nine P. gingivalis laboratory strains and nine clinical isolates and to use these findings to determine strain relationships. Methods: Southern blots of BamHI digested genomic DNA digests were probed with insertion sequence elements ISPg1–7. Results: The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns revealed that five of the nine laboratory strains, including strain W83, were nearly identical for all seven IS elements. Two of nine clinical isolates were similar to the five laboratory strains. Two of the four remaining laboratory strains had similar or identical RFLP patterns. The remaining two laboratory strains had limited similarity to clinical strains. Four of the clinical isolates had identical RFLP patterns for all seven IS elements. The three remaining clinical isolates were unique in their RFLP patterns. Several strains lacked from one to four of the IS elements. Similar strain relationships were suggested regardless of the IS element examined. Conclusions: Transposition and recombination between IS elements are not sufficiently pervasive to obscure strain relationships, though this does not preclude the possibility that such events play an important role in allowing P. gingivalis to adapt to new environments. Given the level of genetic diversity observed, it may be especially important to examine genetically diverse strains when drawing conclusions based on the W83 P. gingivalis genomic database.
- Published
- 2003
18. Evidence of a Substantial Genetic Basis for Risk of Adult Periodontitis
- Author
-
Brandon S. Sparks, J. A. Burmeister, Bryan S. Michalowicz, Harvey A. Schenkein, John C. Gunsolley, Thomas E. Koertge, Carol N. Brooks, Joseph V. Califano, and Scott R. Diehl
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Population ,Dentistry ,Disease ,Biology ,Gingivitis ,Risk Factors ,Genetic variation ,medicine ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Dental Care ,Periodontitis ,education ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Analysis of Variance ,Likelihood Functions ,education.field_of_study ,Chi-Square Distribution ,business.industry ,Dental Plaque Index ,Smoking ,Genetic Variation ,Middle Aged ,Heritability ,medicine.disease ,Adult periodontitis ,Clinical attachment loss ,Periodontics ,Female ,Periodontal Index ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Demography - Abstract
Background: A few previous studies have suggested that risk for adult periodontitis (AP) has a genetic (heritable) component. We estimated genetic and environmental variances and heritability for gingivitis and adult periodontitis using data from twins reared together. Methods: One hundred seventeen (117) pairs of adult twins (64 monozygotic [MZ] and 53 dizygotic [DZ] pairs) were recruited. Probing depth (PD), attachment loss (AL), plaque, and gingivitis (GI) were assessed on all teeth by two examiners. Measurements were averaged over all sites, teeth, and examiners. Extent of disease in subjects was defined at four thresholds: the percentage of teeth with AL ≥2, AL ≥3, PD ≥4, or PD ≥5 mm. Genetic and environmental variances and heritability were estimated using path models with maximum likelihood estimation techniques. Results: MZ twins were more similar than DZ twins for all clinical measures. Statistically significant genetic variance was found for both the severity and extent of disease. AP was estimated to have approximately 50% heritability, which was unaltered following adjustments for behavioral variables including smoking. In contrast, while MZ twins were also more similar than DZ twins for gingivitis scores, there was no evidence of heritability for gingivitis after behavioral covariates such as utilization of dental care and smoking were incorporated into the analyses. Conclusions: These results confirm previous studies and indicate that approximately half of the variance in disease in the population is attributed to genetic variance. The basis for the heritability of periodontitis appears to be biological and not behavioral in nature. J Periodontol 2000;71:1699-1707.
- Published
- 2000
19. On relationship of atomic structure, nano-sized inhomogeneities and second-order optical non-linearity of K2O-TiO2-P2O5 glasses
- Author
-
Bernard Champagnon, Esther Fanelli, V. V. Koltashev, G. A. Komandin, S. Yu. Stefanovich, Vladimir N. Sigaev, A. A. Volkov, Pasquale Pernice, Dominique Vouagner, Victor G. Plotnichenko, P. D. Sarkisov, V. Califano, O.V. Akimova, Antonio Aronne, Sergey V. Lotarev, V. N., Sigaev, S. V., Lotarev, P. D., Sarkisov, Stefanovich, S. Y. U., O. V., Akimova, B., Champagnon, D., Vouagner, V., Califano, G. A., Komandin, A. A., Volkov, V. V., Koltashev, V. G., Plotnichenko, Pernice, Pasquale, Aronne, Antonio, and Fanelli, Esther
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Condensed matter physics ,Chemistry ,Second-harmonic generation ,Neutron scattering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Amorphous solid ,Phosphate glass ,Crystal ,symbols.namesake ,Crystallography ,Materials Chemistry ,Ceramics and Composites ,symbols ,Raman spectroscopy ,Raman scattering - Abstract
Glasses at early stages of phase separation, while remaining amorphous, are shown to possess or not to possess second-order optical nonlinearity (SON) depending on specific features of their short-range/medium range order and nanoinhomogeneous structure characterized with IR and Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering and second harmonic generation (SHG). In the present work it is demonstrated by the example of potassium titanium phosphate glasses of composition near KTiOPO4 stoichiometry. Formation of nanoinhomogeneities, structure of which is similar to the structural motif of some non-linear optical (NLO) crystal, favors SON. Heat treatment of such glasses at temperatures near glass-transition temperature Tg stimulates remarkable SON enhancement keeping transparency and amorphous state. While temperature is increasing SHG grows up to values, comparable with those of NLO crystals with rise of Bragg reflections in the X-ray diffraction pattern of the glass and decrease of its transparency. Revealing correlations between structural peculiarities of glasses and their SON argues preference of description of short- and medium-range order in glasses with composition close to boundaries of glass-forming regions from the position of quasi-crystallite models.
- Published
- 2006
20. ANISOTROPY IN EXTRUDED LANTHANUM BOROGERMANATE GLASSES, STRUCTURAL STUDY BY RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY
- Author
-
Vladimir N. Sigaev, Bernard Champagnon, Pasquale Pernice, V. Califano, Esther Fanelli, V. Sakharov, P. Baskov, D. A. Zakharkin, V., Califano, B., Champagnon, Fanelli, Esther, Pernice, Pasquale, V., Sigaev, D., Zakharkin, V., Sakharov, and P., Baskov
- Subjects
Diffraction ,Analytical chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Infrared spectroscopy ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ,law.invention ,symbols.namesake ,chemistry ,law ,Condensed Matter::Superconductivity ,Differential thermal analysis ,symbols ,Lanthanum ,Crystallization ,Glass transition ,Raman spectroscopy ,Anisotropy - Abstract
Polarized Raman spectra of lanthanum borogermanate (LBG) glasses of different compositions, as well as of LBG glasses obtained by the hot-extrusion technique, have been obtained. In addition, the crystallization behaviour of LBG glasses of different compositions has been studied by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. Both the Raman spectra profile and the crystallization behaviour depend on the lanthanum–boron ratio. Polarized Raman spectra of hot-extruded samples show differences from the unextruded samples. For the first time, structural changes in glasses under hot-extrusion treatment were observed by vibrational spectroscopy.
- Published
- 2004
21. NONLINEAR OPTICAL COMPOSITES BASED ON OXIDE GLASSES AND FERROELECTRICS
- Author
-
ARONNE, ANTONIO, PERNICE, PASQUALE, V. N. SIGAEV, S. S. SOUKHOV, P. D. SARKISOV, S. Y.U. STEFANOVICH, B. CHAMPAGNON, V. CALIFANO, Aronne, Antonio, Pernice, Pasquale, V. N., Sigaev, S. S., Soukhov, P. D., Sarkisov, Stefanovich, S. Y. U., B., Champagnon, and V., Califano
- Published
- 2004
22. RAMAN STUDY OF POLED LANTHANUM BORON GERMANATE GLASSES
- Author
-
PERNICE, PASQUALE, FANELLI, Esther, V. CALIFANO, B. CHAMPAGNON, V. SIGAEV, S. V. LOTAREV, D. A. ZAKHARKIN, Pernice, Pasquale, V., Califano, B., Champagnon, V., Sigaev, S. V., Lotarev, D. A., Zakharkin, and Fanelli, Esther
- Published
- 2004
23. The Effect of Smoking on Serum IgG2 Reactive With Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Early‐Onset Periodontitis Patients
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, John G. Tew, Stephen M. Quinn, John C. Gunsolley, Ji Bo Zhang, Srilatha Tangada, Keisuke Nakashima, and Harvey A. Schenkein
- Subjects
Adult ,Nicotine ,Adolescent ,Phosphorylcholine ,Oligosaccharides ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Cross Reactions ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,complex mixtures ,Serum cotinine ,Antigen ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Juvenile periodontitis ,Humans ,Early-Onset Periodontitis ,Cotinine ,Periodontitis ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,business.industry ,Dental Plaque Index ,Smoking ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Haemophilus influenzae ,Titer ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Immunoglobulin G ,Actinobacillus ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Periodontics ,Periodontal Index ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
High titers of serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans are present in early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients and it appears that anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans may be protective. Smoking is associated with increased periodontal disease severity in generalized early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP) patients, but is not associated with periodontal disease severity in patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP). Furthermore, smoking is associated with reduced serum IgG2 levels in black patients with G-EOP but not in those with LJP. Based on this selective effect of smoking, we hypothesized that smoking would be associated with a reduction of specific IgG2 reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G-EOP patients but not black LJP patients. In addition, we examined IgG2 responses to carbohydrate antigens from non-periodontal pathogens including Haemophilus influenzae b oligosaccharide antigen (Hib) and the Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen phosphocholine (PC). Smoking status was assessed from serum cotinine levels, and IgG2 specific for A. actinomycetemcomitans, Hib, and PC was assessed by ELISA. Our study revealed that smoking was correlated with a dramatic reduction in serum IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans in G-EOP smokers but not in LJP smokers. In contrast, anti-Hib IgG2 and anti-PC IgG2 were not affected in either G-EOP or LJP patients. In short, these results indicate that smoking is associated with a reduction in serum IgG2 anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans in black G-EOP subjects, but IgG2 reactive with other antigens may not be reduced in G-EOP smokers.
- Published
- 1997
24. Heterogeneity of antibodies reactive with the dominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Harvey A. Schenkein, Keisuke Nakashima, and John G. Tew
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Immunology ,Antibody Affinity ,Monoclonal antibody ,Immunoglobulin light chain ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains ,Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains ,Affinity chromatography ,Antigen ,medicine ,Humans ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Isoelectric Point ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Molecular biology ,Immunoglobulin Isotypes ,Infectious Diseases ,Actinobacillus ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Antibody ,Protein A ,Research Article ,Antibody Diversity - Abstract
The serotype b-specific carbohydrate antigen (SbAg) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 is reported to be the O antigen of lipopolysaccharide, and the highest titers of serum antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients bind SbAg. These high titers of serum antibody reactive with SbAg are associated with a lesser extent and severity of periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine if a limited number of genes code for anti-SbAg antibodies as has been shown for immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactive with the type b polysaccharide from Haemophilus influenzae. Serum IgG reactive with the SbAg was prepared from 20 high-titer EOP patients by affinity chromatography. The IgG subclass concentrations were determined, and heterogeneity was analyzed by isoelectric focusing (IEF). IgG2 was the dominant subclass (83% of total IgG) in the anti-SbAg IgG fraction and represented an average of 1.33% of total serum IgG2. The IgG2 reactive with SbAg was isolated from the affinity-purified IgG fraction by affinity chromatography with protein A and subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies. On IEF gels, only 4 to 20 bands were observed in the anti-SbAg IgG fractions, indicating limited heterogeneity. N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of eight representative anti-SbAg IgG2 preparations indicated that variable heavy and light chains consisted largely of V(H)III and V(kappa)II, respectively. However, a significant fraction of anti-SbAg may use V(H) and V(lambda) genes with blocked N termini. In short, these findings indicate that IgG reactive with SbAg is very much like the antibody reactive with H. influenzae type b polysaccharide. Similarities include IgG2 dominance, limited bands on IEF gels, supporting an oligoclonal response, and use of genes from V(H)III and V(kappa)II regions.
- Published
- 1997
25. Antibody reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin in early-onset periodontitis patients
- Author
-
John G. Tew, J. C. Gunsolley, Harvey A. Schenkein, Edward T. Lally, Joseph V. Califano, and B. E. Pace
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Microbiology (medical) ,Adolescent ,Bacterial Toxins ,Blotting, Western ,Immunology ,Exotoxins ,Immunoglobulin E ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Mice ,Antigen ,Antibody Specificity ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,General Dentistry ,Periodontitis ,Analysis of Variance ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Dental Plaque Index ,Antibodies, Monoclonal ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Isotype ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Clinical attachment loss ,Actinobacillus ,biology.protein ,Female ,Antibody - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether a relationship exists between antibody reactive with the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin and the severity of periodontal disease. Serum concentrations of antibody reactive with the leukotoxin were determined for 119 early-onset periodontitis patients and 59 non-periodontitis subjects using limiting dilution analysis on Western blots. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody reactive with the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin ranged from undetectable to 29 micrograms/ml (mean = 3.13 +/- 0.97 micrograms/ml for the generalized early-onset periodontitis and 2.17 +/- 0.86 micrograms/ml for the localized juvenile periodontitis patients vs 0.32 +/- 0.24 ng/ml for 59 non-periodontitis controls), and the dominant subclass was IgG1. Analysis of the relationship between antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans sonicate, A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin and attachment loss patterns indicates that seropositive generalized early-onset periodontitis patients had decreased attachment loss compared with patients lacking this antibody. The statistical relationship appeared to be stronger for the sonicate than the purified leukotoxin. These data suggest that antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin may be protective in early-onset periodontitis, but given that the sonicate appeared better than the leukotoxin alone, it is not likely that leukotoxin is the only antigen of importance to host defense.
- Published
- 1997
26. On the clathrate structures of syndiotactic poly(m-methyl-styrene)
- Author
-
A. BUONO, TARALLO, ORESTE, V. CALIFANO, PETRACCONE, VITTORIO, Tarallo, Oreste, Buono, A., Califano, V., Petraccone, Vittorio, A., Buono, and V., Califano
- Published
- 2003
27. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CLATHRATE FORM OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLY(M-METHYL-STYRENE) CONTAINING
- Author
-
PETRACCONE, VITTORIO, TARALLO, ORESTE, V. CALIFANO, Petraccone, Vittorio, Tarallo, Oreste, and V., Califano
- Published
- 2003
28. ON THE CLATHRATE STRUCTURES OF SYNDIOTACTIC POLY(M-METHYL-STYRENE)
- Author
-
PETRACCONE, VITTORIO, TARALLO, ORESTE, V. CALIFANO, Petraccone, Vittorio, Tarallo, Oreste, and V., Califano
- Published
- 2002
29. Longitudinal Assessment of Early Onset Periodontitis
- Author
-
John C. Gunsolley, Harvey A. Schenkein, L.C. Cooper, J. A. Burmeister, Thomas E. Koertge, and Joseph V. Califano
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Population ,Dentistry ,Tooth Loss ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,medicine ,Juvenile periodontitis ,Humans ,Early-Onset Periodontitis ,Longitudinal Studies ,Periodontitis ,education ,Analysis of Variance ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Dental scaling ,Clinical course ,medicine.disease ,stomatognathic diseases ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Chronic Disease ,Disease Progression ,Dental Scaling ,Periodontics ,Female ,Periodontal attachment ,business - Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical course of early onset periodontitis and to investigate factors which may influence its clinical course. For the past 15 years we have been conducting a study of families with early onset periodontitis, and have examined 142 localized juvenile periodontitis and 185 severe generalized early onset periodontitis patients. In order to study the clinical course of early onset periodontitis we recalled our subject population to determine their periodontal status. Forty (40) patients with localized early onset periodontitis (LJP) and 48 with generalized early onset periodontitis (SP) were re-examined. The time since the most recent visit for LJP patients was approximately 3 years and for SP patients almost 4 years. LJP patients who received periodontal therapy on the average gained periodontal attachment. In contrast, LJP patients who did not receive therapy lost periodontal attachment. SP patients lost periodontal attachment regardless of whether or not they had periodontal therapy. SP patients also lost an average of one tooth during the approximately 4 years of observation. LJP patients lost very few teeth with only 4 teeth being lost in 40 patients. The results of this study suggest that localized juvenile periodontitis is a stable disease in most individuals. In contrast, patients with severe generalized early onset periodontitis continued to lose both periodontal attachment and teeth.
- Published
- 1995
30. Immunoglobulin class and subclass distribution of antibodies reactive with the immunodominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano, Hong Lu, Harvey A. Schenkein, and John G. Tew
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Immunoglobulin A ,Immunology ,Immunodominance ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Subclass ,Immunoglobulin G ,stomatognathic system ,Antigen ,parasitic diseases ,Humans ,Serotyping ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Immunodominant Epitopes ,Antibody titer ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Isotype ,Infectious Diseases ,biology.protein ,Female ,Parasitology ,Antibody ,Research Article - Abstract
The aims of this study were to determine the immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b (Aab) for the different immunoglobulin (Ig) classes and subclasses and to determine the relative levels of these different Igs in serum. Seropositive early-onset periodontitis patients were sampled, and the Ig classes IgG, IgA, and IgM and subclasses IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1, and IgA2 were studied. Reactivity with Aab antigens was assessed by using the Western blot (immunoblot) in limiting dilution analysis and radioimmunoassay with sera from 13 early-onset periodontitis subjects. A smeared antigen in the upper portion of the immunoblots, typical of high-molecular-weight LPS, was immunodominant for IgG, IgA, IgM, IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgA1, and IgA2. This smeared antigen was present in every patient for all of these Igs at the endpoint. A few additional antigens were also present at the endpoint in some patients, but none were present in more than half of the subjects. The distribution of antibody titers by Ig classes reactive with the Aab immunodominant antigen was IgG > IgA > IgM. The distribution of antibody titers by IgG subclass was IgG2 > IgG1 approximately IgG3. Further quantitation by radioimmunoassay revealed that the mean concentration of IgG2 (65.7 micrograms/ml) was significantly greater than that of IgG1 (8.8 micrograms/ml). The IgA subclass distribution was IgA1 >> IgA2, with IgA1 apparently being second only to IgG2. Therefore, the Aab antigen eliciting the highest antibody level in virtually all Ig classes and subclasses appeared to be lipopolysaccharide, and IgG2 was markedly elevated over all other serum Ig classes or subclasses reactive with Aab.
- Published
- 1993
31. Immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b in early-onset periodontitis patients
- Author
-
Harvey A. Schenkein, Joseph V. Califano, and John G. Tew
- Subjects
Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Adolescent ,Blotting, Western ,Immunology ,Radioimmunoassay ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Antigen ,Antibody Specificity ,medicine ,Humans ,Serotyping ,Periodontitis ,General Dentistry ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Immunodominant Epitopes ,Pasteurellaceae ,Antibody titer ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Virology ,Black or African American ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Actinobacillus ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
Previous work with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 (serotype b) indicates that the immunodominant antigen in high-responding patients (top 10%, 80% of which were black) is the serotype-specific antigen. In this study we examined the immunodominant antigens of A. actinomycetemcomitans strain Y4 in both black and white patients having a range of antibody titers. We sought to test the hypothesis that the immunodominant antigen in these subjects was the same antigen found in high responders. Seropositive white early-onset periodontitis (EOP) patients were selected from 99 EOP patients. Black subjects were then selected with comparable antibody titers. Double immunodiffusion and competition assays were used to determine whether reactive antibodies were A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b-specific or whether the response was to serotype a or c. The immunodominant antigens were then determined for the patients reacting specifically to A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 using limiting dilution analysis on Western blots. The immunodominant antigen for the A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4-specific patients appeared to be the serotype-specific carbohydrate for most subjects (19/20 or 95%, including: 13/14 black and 6/6 white patients). In conclusion, the immunodominant antigen for A. actinomycetemcomitans Y4 was the serotype-specific carbohydrate regardless of antibody titer for both black and white specifically reactive patients.
- Published
- 1992
32. Immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c in high-responder patients
- Author
-
Harvey A. Schenkein, Joseph V. Califano, and John G. Tew
- Subjects
Adult ,Microbiology (medical) ,Serotype ,Blotting, Western ,Immunology ,Radioimmunoassay ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Mannans ,Immune system ,Antigen ,Humans ,Serotyping ,Periodontitis ,General Dentistry ,Mannan ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Immunodominant Epitopes ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Pasteurellaceae ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Actinobacillus ,Humoral immunity ,biology.protein ,Antibody - Abstract
This study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of the immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c. The top responders for A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c were selected (19 for serotype a and 21 for serotype c) from 150 clinically characterized patients. Competition assays revealed that 9 of 19 of these patients were reacting specifically to serotype a and 12 of 21 for serotype c. Limiting dilution analysis on Western blots revealed that most antigen bands apparent at low dilution disappeared as the patient's serum was diluted. The antigen band(s) remaining at the endpoint or the dilution corresponding to the antibody titer were defined as immunodominant. For serotype a there were several different immunodominant antigens but none was present in more than half of the subjects. For serotype c the immunodominant antigens included a number of discrete bands and a diffuse smeared polysaccharide band. Only 2 of these antigens were present in the majority of the high-responders: 92% had the smeared antigen and 67% had a 15 kDa antigen. The 15 kDa band was a protein common to all A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. The smeared antigen was unaffected by protease K treatment and gave a reaction of identity with the serotype c specific rabbit antiserum. This rabbit antiserum is specific for a mannan carbohydrate and does not react with LPS (23). Therefore, the smeared immunodominant antigen appears to be a polysaccharide containing mannan.
- Published
- 1991
33. Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents
- Author
-
Joseph V, Califano
- Subjects
Adolescent ,Child, Preschool ,Acute Disease ,Chronic Disease ,Dental Plaque ,Humans ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Child ,Periodontitis ,Gingivitis ,Dental Care for Children ,United States ,Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative - Abstract
Children and adolescents are subject to several periodontal diseases. Although there is a much lower prevalence of destructive periodontal diseases in children than in adults, children can develop severe forms of periodontitis. In some cases, this destructive disease is a manifestation of a known underlying systemic disease. In other young patients, the underlying cause for increased susceptibility and early onset of disease is unknown. These diseases are often familial, suggesting a genetic predisposition for aggressive disease. Current modalities for managing periodontal diseases of children and adolescents may include antibiotic therapy in combination with non-surgical and/or surgical therapy. Since early diagnosis ensures the greatest chance for successful treatment, it is important that children receive a periodontal examination as part of their routine dental visits.
- Published
- 2006
34. Influence of anti-Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 (serotype b) lipopolysaccharide on severity of generalized early-onset periodontitis
- Author
-
Harvey A. Schenkein, Joseph V. Califano, Keisuke Nakashima, M E Wilson, J. C. Gunsolley, and John G. Tew
- Subjects
Adult ,Lipopolysaccharides ,Male ,Serotype ,Immunology ,Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans ,Microbiology ,Immunoglobulin G ,medicine ,Humans ,Avidity ,Periodontitis ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Infectious Diseases ,Clinical attachment loss ,Actinobacillus ,biology.protein ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Female ,Parasitology ,Antibody ,Research Article - Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if a relationship exists between antibody reactive with the Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotype b lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and severity of periodontal disease in generalized early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP). The concentration of antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS was determined for 102 G-EOP subjects. Analysis of the relationship between antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS and measures of periodontal attachment loss indicated that the patients with the highest concentrations of antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS had significantly less attachment loss. These high-responder subjects also had anti-A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS with significantly higher relative avidity. The results suggest that antibody reactive with A. actinomycetemcomitans serotype b LPS is protective in G-EOP patients.
- Published
- 1996
35. The genetic relatedness of Porphyromonas gingivalis clinical and laboratory strains assessed by analysis of insertion sequence (IS) element distribution
- Author
-
J V, Califano, T, Arimoto, and T, Kitten
- Subjects
DNA, Bacterial ,Recombination, Genetic ,Bacteroidaceae Infections ,DNA Transposable Elements ,Genetic Variation ,Humans ,Laboratories ,Periodontitis ,Adaptation, Physiological ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Genome, Bacterial ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is frequently found in periodontitis lesions. This organism contains a large number of insertion sequence (IS) elements. We sought to determine the distribution of seven IS elements from strain W83 among nine P. gingivalis laboratory strains and nine clinical isolates and to use these findings to determine strain relationships.Southern blots of BamHI digested genomic DNA digests were probed with insertion sequence elements ISPg1-7.The restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns revealed that five of the nine laboratory strains, including strain W83, were nearly identical for all seven IS elements. Two of nine clinical isolates were similar to the five laboratory strains. Two of the four remaining laboratory strains had similar or identical RFLP patterns. The remaining two laboratory strains had limited similarity to clinical strains. Four of the clinical isolates had identical RFLP patterns for all seven IS elements. The three remaining clinical isolates were unique in their RFLP patterns. Several strains lacked from one to four of the IS elements. Similar strain relationships were suggested regardless of the IS element examined.Transposition and recombination between IS elements are not sufficiently pervasive to obscure strain relationships, though this does not preclude the possibility that such events play an important role in allowing P. gingivalis to adapt to new environments. Given the level of genetic diversity observed, it may be especially important to examine genetically diverse strains when drawing conclusions based on the W83 P. gingivalis genomic database.
- Published
- 2003
36. Characterization of Porphyromonas gingivalis Insertion Sequence-Like Element ISPg5
- Author
-
Margaret J. Duncan, Claire M. Fraser, Todd Kitten, Francis L. Macrina, Joseph V. Califano, Robert D. Fleischmann, Janina P. Lewis, and Floyd E. Dewhirst
- Subjects
Genetics ,Whole genome sequencing ,Transposable element ,DNA, Bacterial ,biology ,Base Sequence ,Immunology ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Nucleic acid sequence ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Genome ,Open Reading Frames ,Infectious Diseases ,Molecular and Cellular Pathogenesis ,DNA Transposable Elements ,Parasitology ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Insertion sequence ,Repeated sequence ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Peptide sequence ,Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid - Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis , a black-pigmented, gram-negative anaerobe, is found in periodontitis lesions, and its presence in subgingival plaque significantly increases the risk for periodontitis. In contrast to many bacterial pathogens, P. gingivalis strains display considerable variability, which is likely due to genetic exchange and intragenomic changes. To explore the latter possibility, we have studied the occurrence of insertion sequence (IS)-like elements in P. gingivalis W83 by utilizing a convenient and rapid method of capturing IS-like sequences and through analysis of the genome sequence of P. gingivalis strain W83. We adapted the method of Matsutani et al. (S. Matsutani, H. Ohtsubo, Y. Maeda, and E. Ohtsubo, J. Mol. Biol. 196:445–455, 1987) to isolate and clone rapidly annealing DNA sequences characteristic of repetitive regions within a genome. We show that in P. gingivalis strain W83, such sequences include (i) nucleotide sequence with homology to tRNA genes, (ii) a previously described IS element, and (iii) a novel IS-like element. Analysis of the P. gingivalis genome sequence for the distribution of the least used tetranucleotide, CTAG, identified regions in many of the initial 218 contigs which contained CTAG clusters. Examination of these CTAG clusters led to the discovery of 11 copies of the same novel IS-like element identified by the repeated sequence capture method of Matsutani et al. This new 1,512-bp IS-like element, designated IS Pg5 , has features of the IS 3 family of IS elements. When a recombinant plasmid containing much of IS Pg5 was used in Southern analysis of several P. gingivalis strains, including clinical isolates, diversity among strains was apparent. This suggests that IS Pg5 and other IS elements may contribute to strain diversity and can be used for strain fingerprinting.
- Published
- 2000
37. Antibody reactive with Porphyromonas gingivalis serotypes K1-6 in adult and generalized early-onset periodontitis
- Author
-
Al M. Best, John G. Tew, Harvey A. Schenkein, Joseph V. Califano, Robert E. Schifferle, and John C. Gunsolley
- Subjects
Serotype ,Adult ,Black People ,Immunoglobulin G ,White People ,Microbiology ,Sex Factors ,Antigen ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,medicine ,Aggressive periodontitis ,Humans ,Periodontal Pocket ,Serotyping ,Periodontitis ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,Analysis of Variance ,Antigens, Bacterial ,biology ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Smoking ,General Engineering ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Immunology ,Antigens, Surface ,biology.protein ,Periodontics ,Population study ,Antibody - Abstract
Six serotypes of Porphyromonas gingivalis have recently been described. We sought to test the hypothesis that serotype specific carbohydrates from these strains are important antigens that elicit potent immune responses.Serum concentrations of IgG reactive with P. gingivalis serotypes K1-K6 were determined for 28 adult (AP) and 28 generalized early-onset (G-EOP) periodontitis patients previously determined to be seropositive for a broken cell preparation of P. gingivalis. To confirm relationships suggested for K1, K2, and K6 in the analysis of initial data, the study population was increased to 133.Frequency of seropositivity for the 6 serotypes ranged from 26 to 54% of subjects. IgG concentrations ranged from 0 to 453 microg/ml with many subjects seropositive to more than one serotype. Concentrations for the subset of patients who was seropositive were high (mean responses ranged from 20 to 105 microg/ml for the 6 serotypes). Significant correlations between seropositivity to serotypes K1 and K5 as well as between K5 and K6 were found.We examined the relationship of diagnosis, race, gender, smoking, probing depth, attachment loss, and antibody reaction with the P. gingivalis serotypes by analysis of variance. Initial findings suggested potential relationships between diagnosis, smoking, race, gender, and antibody reactive with serotypes K1, K2, and K6. A significant relationship did exist between smoking and decreased antibody reactive with P. gingivalis serotype K2. No other relationships were substantiated. We also examined the IgG subclass distribution and found that responses were almost exclusively IgG2. These data support the concept that antibody responses to all 6 serotypes are common in both AP and G-EOP and that these K serotype carbohydrates elicit potent IgG2 responses.
- Published
- 1999
38. Linkage disequilibrium of interleukin-1 genetic polymorphisms with early-onset periodontitis
- Author
-
Yue Fen Wang, Harvey A. Schenkein, Carol N. Brooks, Shengbiao Wang, Joseph V. Califano, Scott R. Diehl, and J. A. Burmeister
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Linkage disequilibrium ,Adolescent ,Black People ,Biology ,Linkage Disequilibrium ,White People ,Gene Frequency ,medicine ,Early-Onset Periodontitis ,Humans ,Allele ,Child ,Periodontitis ,Genetics ,Family Health ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Interleukin ,medicine.disease ,Peripheral blood ,United States ,Restriction enzyme ,genomic DNA ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Immunology ,Periodontics ,Regression Analysis ,Female ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ,Interleukin-1 - Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms at interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-1beta were recently suggested to be associated with severity of adult periodontitis. We evaluated whether these polymorphisms might also be associated with early-onset periodontitis (EOP) in 28 African American families and 7 Caucasian American families with 2 or more affected members.Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was amplified, followed by restriction endonuclease digestion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis to distinguish alleles of different fragment sizes. Genetic epidemiological methods suitable for family data were used that are robust to false-positive findings due to mismatching of cases and controls or mixed subpopulations of different ethnic or geographic origin. The 2 major EOP subtypes, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and generalized early-onset periodontitis (G-EOP, encompassing rapidly progressive periodontitis and generalized juvenile periodontitis), were analyzed both separately and together.We obtained highly significant evidence of linkage disequilibrium for both African American and Caucasian G-EOP subjects. A similar trend was noted for LJP. The IL- alleles associated with high risk of EOP had been suggested previously to be correlated with low risk for severe adult periodontitis. Disequilibrium with G-EOP was equally strong for smoking and non-smoking subjects. IL-1alpha and IL-1beta polymorphisms were in strong disequilibrium with each other in Caucasians, but not in African Americans. Haplotype analyses evaluating both polymorphisms simultaneously indicated that the IL-1beta variant is likely to be most important for EOP risk. Sibpair linkage analyses, by contrast, provided only marginal support for a gene of very major effect on EOP risk attributable to these IL-1 polymorphisms.Recent theoretical analyses indicate that our findings are most consistent with an interpretation of EOP as a complex, oligogenic disorder, with IL-1 genetic variation contributing an important but not exclusive influence on disease risk.
- Published
- 1999
39. A comparison of IgG antibody reactive with Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis in adult and early-onset periodontitis
- Author
-
John G. Tew, Harvey A. Schenkein, Joseph V. Califano, and John C. Gunsolley
- Subjects
Adult ,Positive control ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Gingival Pocket ,Microbiology ,Risk Factors ,Periodontal Attachment Loss ,medicine ,Early-Onset Periodontitis ,Juvenile ,Bacteroides ,Humans ,Gingival Recession ,Cotinine ,Periodontitis ,Porphyromonas gingivalis ,biology ,business.industry ,Smoking ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Clinical attachment loss ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Case-Control Studies ,Immunoglobulin G ,Immunology ,Chronic Disease ,biology.protein ,Periodontics ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Recent work has indicated that Bacteroides forsythus and Porphyromonas gingivalis are significant local risk factors for periodontitis. Several reports find that both organisms are frequently associated with periodontitis lesions and often are present together. We have previously shown that early-onset periodontitis patients seropositive for P. gingivalis have less attachment loss than seronegative patients. In this study, we determined serum IgG antibody concentrations reactive with B. forsythus in adult and early-onset periodontitis patients using an ELISA and used P. gingivalis in the same populations as a positive control. The results for P. gingivalis were consistent with previous work and indicated that 47%, 36%, and 33% of adult, generalized early-onset, and localized juvenile patients were seropositive, respectively. Mean serum IgG concentrations for the three groups were 5.36 microg/ml, 5.65 microg/ml, and 5.44 microg/ml for adult, generalized early-onset, and localized juvenile patients, respectively. In contrast, for B. forsythus only 11%, 14%, and 10% of adult, generalized early-onset, and localized juvenile patients were seropositive, with mean serum IgG concentrations of 0.46 microg/ml, 0.46 microg/ml, and 0.47 microg/ml, respectively. This suggests that B. forsythus is either poorly immunogenic or less invasive than P. gingivalis. If most patients fail to mount an immune response to B. forsythus and it is invasive, it may explain why this organism is a risk factor for disease.
- Published
- 1997
40. Genetic segregation analyses of serum IgG2 levels
- Author
-
M L, Marazita, H, Lu, M E, Cooper, S M, Quinn, J, Zhang, J A, Burmeister, J V, Califano, J P, Pandey, H A, Schenkein, and J G, Tew
- Subjects
Male ,Immunoglobulin G ,Virginia ,Black People ,Humans ,Family ,Female ,Periodontitis ,White People ,Research Article - Abstract
Summary : The aim of this study was to determine whether there was evidence for a genetic component in the immune response as measured by IgG2 levels. The study was motivated by our studies of early-onset periodontitis (EOP), a group of disorders characterized by rapid destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth in otherwise healthy individuals. EOP has two subforms, localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP) and a generalized form (G-EOP). IgG2 levels are elevated in LJP but not G-EOP individuals; and African-American IgG2 levels are higher than Caucasian levels regardless of EOP status. IgG2 levels were determined in 123 EOP families and in 508 unrelated non-EOP control individuals. Segregation analysis under the regressive model approach of Bonney was used to analyze IgG2 levels for evidence of major locus segregation. After adjusting for LJP status, race, sex, and age, the best fitting model was an autosomal codominant major locus model (accounting for approximately 62% of the variance in IgG2), plus residual parent/offspring and spousal correlations. Smoking and GM23 are also known to affect IgG2 levels. If additional adjustments are made for smoking and GM23, the best-fitting model is still a codominant major locus but with no significant residual correlations.
- Published
- 1996
41. HIV and tooth loss
- Author
-
Joseph V. Califano
- Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,Tooth loss ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Medicine ,Dentistry ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.disease_cause ,General Dentistry - Published
- 2011
42. Near infrared reflectography for deciphering obscured (whitewashed or ablated) epigraphs.
- Author
-
L Falcone, F Bloisi, V Califano, M Pagano, and L Vicari
- Subjects
INSCRIPTIONS ,NEAR infrared reflectance spectroscopy ,WAVELENGTHS ,IMAGING systems ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,ABRASION resistance ,ABLATION (Industry) ,VIDICON - Abstract
Infrared reflectography (IRR) is a non-destructive imaging technique based on the different optical behaviour of visible and near infrared (NIR) radiation through a thin pictorial layer. This effect is a consequence of both lower NIR absorption and reduced NIR scattering due to the particle size smaller than the wavelength. Here we present an interesting and, to our knowledge, new application of this technique to ancient multi-layered epigraphs, showing its useful application in archaeology. Both tests on laboratory samples and preliminary tests on the field show that it is possible to use IRR taken with a vidicon wide spectral range camera (let us call this NIR reflectography (NIRR) to underline the wide spectral range including almost all NIR, but excluding thermal infrared radiation), to read inscriptions 'deleted' by means of a whitewashing layer. The field tests carried out on a multi-layer inscription 'notice board' in Herculaneum have shown that NIRR can also be useful in integrating some gaps of the currently visible layer inscription and in reconstructing the layout of the inscription wiped off by mechanical abrasion. All these applications are of much interest since ancient Greek and Latin public documents were frequently written with black pigment on whitewashed boards and 'wiped off' when the inscription was no more required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. On the nature of the second-order optical nonlinearity of nanoinhomogeneous glasses in the Li2O-Nb2O5-SiO2 system.
- Author
-
V. Sigaev, N. Golubev, L. Usmanova, S. Stefanovich, P. Pernice, E. Fanelli, A. Aronne, B. Champagnon, V. Califano, D. Vouagner, T. Konstantinova, and V. Glazunova
- Subjects
LITHIUM ,X-ray scattering ,ELECTRON microscopy ,PARTICLES (Nuclear physics) - Abstract
Abstract The submicroscopic structure of lithium niobium silicate glasses of the compositions 2xLiNbO3 (1 − x)(Li2O 2SiO2) (x = 0.40, 0.45, 0.50) and 30Li2O 25Nb2O5 45SiO2 in the initial state and after heat treatment for different times at temperatures in the vicinity of the glass transition point T g are investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and electron microscopy. A nanostructure with inhomogeneities ∼40 in size is formed in glasses at the initial stages of phase separation at temperatures in the range 600–670C. This structure is responsible for the appearance of the second-order optical nonlinearity. The SANS, SAXS, and electron microscopic data on the inhomogeneity size are in good agreement with each other. According to the X-ray diffraction, SANS, and SAXS data, the ordering of the glass structure and the difference between the density of inhomogeneities and the density of the matrix increase in the course of heat treatment. At the initial stage of amorphous phase separation, the glass decomposes into regions enriched in SiO2 and regions with an increased content of lithium and niobium. An increase in the temperature or time of heat treatment results in the precipitation of LiNbO3 ferroelectric crystals. The results obtained allow us, for the first time, to make the inference that nanoscale changes in the glass structure lead to considerable changes (by one order of magnitude and more) in the quadratic optical nonlinearity, which can be controlled by heat treatment. The origin of the second-order optical nonlinearity is associated with both the nanosized modulations of the polarizability due to the inhomogeneous glass structure and the polarity of structural nanoinhomogeneities from which the LiNbO3 phase precipitates at the later stages of phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Immunodominant antigen of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 in high-responder patients
- Author
-
John G. Tew, Joseph V. Califano, and Harvey A. Schenkein
- Subjects
Serotype ,Immunodiffusion ,Hot Temperature ,Immunology ,Blotting, Western ,Radioimmunoassay ,Immunodominance ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Actinobacillus Infections ,Antigen ,Papain ,Humans ,Antiserum ,Antigens, Bacterial ,Polysaccharides, Bacterial ,Antibody titer ,Actinobacillus ,biology.organism_classification ,Molecular biology ,Antibodies, Bacterial ,Molecular Weight ,Infectious Diseases ,Aggressive Periodontitis ,Antigens, Surface ,biology.protein ,Parasitology ,Antibody ,Research Article - Abstract
This study was undertaken to look for characteristics of the immunodominant antigen(s) of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 that might help explain the high antibody titers in periodontitis patients. Radioimmunoassays (RIA) were performed on sera from 481 patients; sera from the 32 patients with the highest anti-Y4 titers (above 128,000 RIA U/ml) were further analyzed. Y4 antigen was boiled for 45 min or treated with papain, and antibody responses were analyzed by RIA and Western blotting (immunoblotting). In addition, carbohydrate was purified from Y4 and examined by Western blotting. The results indicated that the immunodominant antigen of Y4 in high responders was stable after papain treatment or boiling for 45 min. Papain or boiling eliminated protein bands but a large diffuse band persisted on Western blots. With increasing dilutions of sera, bands on Western blots corresponding to protein antigens disappeared, while the large diffuse band resembling that of carbohydrate persisted. Partially purified Y4 carbohydrate contained the large diffuse band. Double-immunodiffusion analysis indicated that rabbit serotype b-specific antiserum and patient sera recognized the same antigen. When the carbohydrate extract was passed over a lipid A-binding column to remove lipopolysaccharide, the smear corresponding to the immunodominant antigen was still present on Western blots. The immunodominant antigen of Y4 in high-responder individuals appears to be a carbohydrate and is possibly the capsular polysaccharide.
- Published
- 1989
45. Dependence on substrate temperature of the conformation and structure of a poly[3-(4-octyloxyphenyl)thiophene] (POOPT) thin film obtained by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE)
- Author
-
Antonio Roviello, Luciano Rosario Maria Vicari, Antonio Carella, Mario Barra, Valeria Califano, Antonio Cassinese, Francesco Bloisi, V., Califano, Bloisi, Francesco, Vicari, LUCIANO ROSARIO MARIA, Cassinese, Antonio, Barra, Mario, Carella, Antonio, and Roviello, Antonio
- Subjects
Maple ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,Substrate (electronics) ,Polymer ,engineering.material ,Conductivity ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Evaporation (deposition) ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials Chemistry ,Thiophene ,engineering ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Thin film ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
In this paper, the substrate temperature influence on the structural and main opto-electronic properties of poly[3-(4-octyloxyphenyl)thiophene] (POOPT) films, deposited by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE), was analyzed. Fourier transform infrared analysis of films was performed to verify that laser irradiation has not induced polymer modifications or decomposition, confirming the reliability and high control of the MAPLE deposition technique. UV–Visible spectroscopy allowed gaining insights about films conformation and packing, while conductivity values have been measured by basic current–voltage measurements. In agreement with the experimental observations reported for other growth techniques, our results highlight the substrate temperature effect in promoting the film structural organization and improving their charge transport capability. At substrate temperature of 453?K, films deposited by MAPLE show a higher conjugation length in comparison with spin-coated films. The substrate temperature increase also favors side-chains commutation to different steric configurations.
- Published
- 2009
46. MAPLE deposition of biomaterial multilayers
- Author
-
Elza Bontempi, Paolo Colombi, Laura E. Depero, Francesco Bloisi, Valeria Califano, Luciano Rosario Maria Vicari, V., Califano, Bloisi, Francesco, Vicari, LUCIANO ROSARIO MARIA, P., Colombi, E., Bontempi, and L., Depero
- Subjects
Polyethylene glycol ,MAPLE ,Analytical chemistry ,General Physics and Astronomy ,macromolecular substances ,engineering.material ,GRAFTED POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) ,Pulsed laser deposition ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,THIN-FILMS ,POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL ,PEG ratio ,Thin film ,Maple ,FORCE MICROSCOPY ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Evaporation (deposition) ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,X-ray reflectivity ,chemistry ,engineering ,Surface morphology ,Layer (electronics) ,PULSED-LASER EVAPORATION - Abstract
Double layers of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-L-alanine (m-DOPA) thin films were obtained by matrix assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) technique, by depositing a first layer of m-DOPA on Si substrate and a second layer of PEG on top of it. The films were characterized by low angle X-ray diffraction (LAXRD), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and micro-Raman spectroscopy. From these analyses it resulted that PEG was deposited without any relevant damage both in terms of chemical structure and molecular weight. Furthermore, PEG chains were mostly in the extended conformation, although PEG micelles appeared. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Sol-gel synthesis and structural characterization of niobium-silicon mixed-oxide nanocomposites
- Author
-
Aronne, Antonio, Marenna, Elisa, Califano, V., Trifuoggi, Marco, Alessandro Vergara, Fanelli, Esther, Pernice, Pasquale, Aronne, Antonio, Marenna, Elisa, V., Califano, Trifuoggi, Marco, Vergara, Alessandro, Fanelli, Esther, and Pernice, Pasquale
- Abstract
(Nb2O5)x ᅲ(SiO2)1-x gels of four different compns. with x = 0.025 (2.5Nb), 0.050 (5Nb), 0,10 (10Nb) and 0.20 (20Nb) were synthesized at room temp. from niobium penta-chloride and tetra-ethoxysilane and their structural evolution with the temp. was examd. by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry/DTA, Raman and IR spectroscopy (Fourier transform). The synthesis procedure tuned in this work allowed to obtain for each studied compn. transparent chem. gels in which the niobium dispersion resulted to be strongly dependent on the Nb2O5 loading: it was on the at. scale for the 2.5Nb and 5Nb gel samples whereas the gel structure of the 10Nb and 20Nb appears formed by phase sepd. niobia-silica nanodomains. All dried gels keep their amorphous nature up to 873 K, while at higher temps. crystn. of T- and H-Nb2O5 polymorphs were obsd. according to the Nb2O5 loading: at low loading T-Nb2O5 was the main crystg. phase, whereas at higher one the H-Nb2O5 prevails. Particularly, T-Nb2O5 was the sole crystg. phase in the whole explored temp. range for the 2.5Nb, keeping its nanosize up to 1273 K for all samples except for the 20Nb.
- Published
- 2007
48. Nonlinear optical composites based on oxide glasses and ferroelectrics
- Author
-
Sigaev, V. N., Sukhov, S. S., Sarkisov, P. D., Stefanovich, S. Yu, Pernice pasquale, Aronne, A., Champagnon, B., Califano, V., Vouagner, D., V. N., Sigaev, S. S., Sukhov, P. D., Sarkisov, S., YU STEFANOVICH, Pernice, Pasquale, Aronne, Antonio, B., Champagnon, V., Califano, and D., Vouagner
- Abstract
In spite of the interest in nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in glasses, the composite method has been successful only for the b-BaB2O4 polar crystal incorporated in the borosilicate glass matrix. In the present paper, transparent composites based on low melting borate and boron silicate glasses containing PbO or TeO2 and KNbSi2O7 ferroelectric crystal are obtained by a remelting technology. Depending on glass composition, NLO composites are subdivided in two types. The first are composites containing micron or submicron scaled crystals with a high second harmonic generation (SHG) activity, where refractive indexes of crystals and glass matrix are very similar. Such a type of transparent composites is expected to achieve SHG activity in the future comparable with that of single crystals. The second type are ‘nanocomposites’ where initial crystals are dissolved or transformed up to nanoscaled sizes. They are considered to be an analogue of nanostructured glasses exhibiting moderate second order optical nonlinearity.
- Published
- 2005
49. Near infrared reflectography for deciphering obscured (whitewashed or ablated) epigraphs
- Author
-
Mario Pagano, Luciano Rosario Maria Vicari, Valeria Califano, L. Falcone, Francesco Bloisi, Bloisi, Francesco, V., Califano, M., Pagano, and Vicari, LUCIANO ROSARIO MARIA
- Subjects
Physics ,Thermal infrared ,Acoustics and Ultrasonics ,business.industry ,near infrared ,Near-infrared spectroscopy ,Near InfraRed Reflectography (NIRR) ,Field tests ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Mechanical abrasion ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Optics ,Infrared reflectography ,KUBELKA-MUNK THEORY ,Imaging technique ,business - Abstract
Infrared reflectography (IRR) is a non-destructive imaging technique based on the different optical behaviour of visible and near infrared (NIR) radiation through a thin pictorial layer. This effect is a consequence of both lower NIR absorption and reduced NIR scattering due to the particle size smaller than the wavelength. Here we present an interesting and, to our knowledge, new application of this technique to ancient multi-layered epigraphs, showing its useful application in archaeology. Both tests on laboratory samples and preliminary tests on the field show that it is possible to use IRR taken with a vidicon wide spectral range camera (let us call this NIR reflectography (NIRR) to underline the wide spectral range including almost all NIR, but excluding thermal infrared radiation), to read inscriptions ‘deleted’ by means of a whitewashing layer. The field tests carried out on a multi-layer inscription ‘notice board’ in Herculaneum have shown that NIRR can also be useful in integrating some gaps of the currently visible layer inscription and in reconstructing the layout of the inscription wiped off by mechanical abrasion. All these applications are of much interest since ancient Greek and Latin public documents were frequently written with black pigment on whitewashed boards and ‘wiped off’ when the inscription was no more required.
- Published
- 2007
50. DC poled lanthanum boron germanate glasses: Raman study of the poling mechanism
- Author
-
Califano, V., Champagnon, B., Vouagner, D., Fanelli, E., Pernice, P., Sigaev, V. N., Sergey Lotarev, Zakharkin, D. A., V., Califano, B., Champagnon, D., Vouagner, Fanelli, Esther, Pernice, Pasquale, V. N., Sigaev, S. V., Lotarev, and D. A., Zakharkin
- Abstract
The effect of dc poling on lanthanum boron germanate glasses has been investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy and birefringence experiments. The results show that the dc poling induces in the glass a breakage of its macroscopic centre of inversion and this effect extends to the whole bulk of the poled glasses.
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.