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The expansive soil has serious impact due to its unstable volumetric behaviour when it undergoes seasonal variations. In order to utilise the problematic expansive soil for any kind of work it needs to alter the behaviour of soil by stabilisation using addition of admixtures. From the economical point of view using industrial waste materials is the cost-effective technique. In this work the selection of industrial waste materials which comes from tile manufacturing such as Tile Waste Powder (TWP) and Foundry Sand (FS) outcome of metal casting industries as an admixture. The Tiles Waste Powder has the nature to improve the compaction behaviour of expansive soil because of its high lime content and Foundry sand are used to develop the strength behaviour of problematic soil due to the presence rich silica content. In this paper, untreated soil got treated using the different proportions such as 5,10, 15,20 and 25% of Tile waste powder and their corresponding the compaction and strength characteristics of the soil sample were determined under different curing periods. Also the tests have been conducted for optimum percentage of tile waste mixed along with varying percentage of Foundry Sand (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12%) in soil sample. The results was obtained from the standard proctor test, UCC and CBR test and it further analysis shows that the increasing the proportion of TWP rises the peak strength of the treated soil up to 20% for the maximum 28 days curing. Also, from the result analysis for the combination of FS and TWP by optimum percentage of Tiles Waste Powder (20%) with 12% of Foundry sand shows the increment in the strength characteristics of soil. The TWP and Foundry Sand can be effectively used in stabilization works in order to utilise the waste by effective minimization of disposal problems.

Magnetic nanoparticles are one of the most promising candidates to achieve localization of heat in the region of cancerous tissue. Modified co-precipitation technique is carried out to synthesize GdxFe3-xO4 (where, x = 0.00 (IO), 0.04 (IOG02), 0.08 (IOG04), 0.12 (IOG06), 0.16 (IOG08), 0.20 (IOG10). A systematic characterization was performed to study the structural, morphological, elemental, and magnetic properties of the synthesized nanoparticles using X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) respectively. The structural analysis revealed the single-phase crystalline nature of magnetite, with the co-existence of secondary phase hematite and goethite beyond x ≥ 0.16. The morphological analysis implied an increase in particle size due to Gd substitution with particle sizes ranging from 7 to 19 nm. Magnetic measurements revealed a magnetic transformation from superparamagnetic nature with magnetic coercivity and remanence to weak ferromagnetic nature upon an increase in the gadolinium content of magnetite. Further, hyperthermia studies showed that with increasing gadolinium concentration, the heating rate, specific absorption rate, and the intrinsic loss power of gadolinium substituted magnetites were increased. The increased specific absorption rate of gadolinium substituted magnetites with low HF factors makes them ideal for clinical hyperthermia applications.

Background: Accurate platelet estimation is essential for the management of the patients with thrombocytopenia. Automated analyzer by its quick and reliable platelet estimation has overtaken the manual methods. But sometimes do produce erroneous results which are to be cross checked by manual methods. Hence this study was undertaken to compare the traditional manual method and alternate method based on Platelet/RBC ratio for estimating platelets in peripheral smear and to find the most accurate method for detecting Thrombocytopenia. Methods: 100 samples of EDTA anticoagulated blood is analysed by automated analyzer, then thin peripheral smear is prepared. Manual counts are performed by 1: Traditional Method- average platelet count / 10 Oil immersion field (OIF) x 15,000, 2: Alternate method -platelet/1000 red blood cells (RBC) multiplied by RBC count. Manual methods were compared with the automated analyzer using students t test. The Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and Likelihood ratio (LR) for positive tests were also calculated for the manual and alternate methods in detecting thrombocytopenia. Result: The students t test shows no difference in the platelet counts estimated by traditional method and alternate method. Further the results of sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and LR for positive tests show the traditional and Alternate method can give fairly accurate results. Conclusion: The manual method of platelet estimation is found to be the most accurate and can used to quality check the automated analyzer or can be used in underprivileged laboratories, for aiding in proper management of the patient.

Agriculture is the backbone of many countries. Turmeric is one such crop which is famously cultivated in different areas of the globe. The crop harvest is mostly diminished by the disease affecting the plant. The major infection influence the plant are leaf blotch, leaf spot and rhizome rot. Among the reported diseases, rhizome rot is a dangerous and highly destructive disease in turmeric production which leads to more than 60% crop loss. Pythium is the foremost species in rhizome rot occurrence. Farmers are unable to see or predict this diseases at an early stage because the disease directly affects the rhizome which is present in underground. So we propose a method which detects the pythium occurrence at an early stage and report it to the farmers. This paper covers turmeric geographical distribution, agronomy, major, minor diseases and disease control measures.

Modern integrated circuit design contains various constraints from the frontend to the backend. In microelectronic systems hardware security is a major threat. Hardware Trojan (HT) plays a vital role in hardware security issues. The HT leads to a malicious modification of the integrated circuit (IC). The HT detection aims to assure the trustworthiness of the circuits and improve the reliability of the system. In this article, we presented a review of the various hardware detection techniques like pre-deployment, post-deployment, formal verification, counterfeiting prevention and IC production, physically-unclonable function HT detection techniques. Moreover, HT parameters are analyzed for specific benchmarks.

In this paper, we propose to develop a Story Generator from hints using a machine learning approach. During the learning phase, the system is fed with stories which are POS tagged and are converted into a Language Relationship model that is represented as a conceptual graph. During the synthesis phase, the input hints which are delimited using hyphen and converted to a conceptual graph. This graph is matched with the conceptual graph of the corpus and probable words, its sequences along with the relationship are determined using three proposed methods namely Randomized selection, Weighted Selection using Bigram Probability of hint phrases and Weighted Selection using product of Bigram Probability of Conceptual Graph and Bigram Probability of hint phrases. Using the words, sequences and relationships, a sentence assembler algorithm is designed to position the words to form a sentence. To make the story complete and readable, suffixes are added using Tamil grammar to the assembled words and a story is generated which is syntactically and semantically correct.

Right now, location recommendation plays a vital role in searching attractive places. Such recommendation places are identified by social network. The social networks are FourSquare, yelp, Jiepang, Uber etc., Ongoing analysis, based on user feedback finding a best restaurant, hotels etc., Users regularly leave reviews about the site on (LBSN) after visiting. This reviews differs from low level to high level. In this paper, recommending hotels to a user based on user inputs such as kind of outing Leisure or business, sort of movement Solo or family, sort of room, number of long periods of remain. Prescribe inns to a user based on client surveys. Hotels which are most similar in terms of reviews to the particular hotel specified by the user and recommend it to them. The main aim of this paper is to suggest the voyagers the tag of the inn dependent on their wish, by inspecting the further voyagers comments/feedbacks jointly with the rating an incentive to upgrade the recommendation. The new user cold start problem is a major concern in recommender system, because of the absence of accuracy in the recommendation. To fix this complication the resulting commitment will be made in this paper, 1. Regression model 2. Correlation 3. Classification tree analysis. Finally, we evaluate user reviews and also enhancing the accuracy of recommendation.

This paper validates the on-board applicability of lunar landing Generalized Model Predictive Static Programming (GMPSP) guidance algorithm using processor-in-loop (PIL) simulations. PIL simulations have been extensively used to verify the real time applicability of algorithms by obtaining run-time information and memory consumption. In this paper, two segmented approach is proposed for the powered descent phase of lunar landing to minimize fuel consumption. The GMPSP guidance algorithm is used for both segments of the powered descent phase to generate the admissible guidance law. The on-board applicability and computational efficiency of GMPSP guidance algorithm are demonstrated through PIL simulation results. In PIL simulations, the GMPSP algorithm is coded in C and validated by using the target TMS320C6748 Digital Signal Processor. The results obtained from the target processor gives an insight into the behavior of the algorithm during the actual mission. The convergence time of the GMPSP algorithm is determined from CPU cycles required by the processor for convergence of the algorithm.

Agriculture plays the major role in economics and survival of people in India. The purpose of this project is to provide embedded based system for soil monitoring and irrigation to reduce the manual monitoring of the field and get the information via mobile application. The system is proposed to help the farmers to increase the agricultural production. The soil is tested using various sensors such as pH sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor. Based on the result, the farmers can cultivate the appropriate crop that suits the soil. The obtained sensor values are sent to the field manager through the Wi-Fi router and the crop suggestion is made through the mobile application. Automatic irrigation system is carried out when the soil temperature is high. Crop image is captured and it is sent to the field manager to suggest pesticides.

In day today life, data is generated in massive amount with rapid growth in health care environment. The medical industries have large amount of data sets, for diagnosis purpose and maintain patient's records. The medical researches come with new treatments and medicine every day. But availability of medical datasets is often not balanced in their class labels. The performance of some existing method is poor on imbalanced dataset. So the prediction of disease from imbalanced data becomes difficult to handle. In this proposal Classifier ensemble method (Random Forest algorithm) can be used to overcome existing classifier techniques. Multiple classifier system is more accurate and robust than an existing classifier technique. The ensemble method proves to be very efficient in classification of records from available imbalanced healthcare patient data, as it involves the process of considering opinion from multiple base classifiers, as opposed to the single classifier method. This method gives a very accurate and precise inference, as unrelated data's are removed because of multiple base classifiers. The problems of healthcare dataset especially with some uncertainty can be predicted.

Since ancient times, a number of stabilization methods are being used to improve soil properties. Various studies have been carried out on expansive soil after stabilization with additives such as cement, lime, cement kiln dust, rice husk ash etc. which shown promising results. Now-a-days easily available industrial by-products are used for the enrichment of soil properties. In present study, effects of stabilizing agents like Phosphogypsum (PG) and Flyash (FA) have been studied for strength improvement in varying percentages. This paper describes a study carried out to check the improvements in the properties of soil with phosphogypsum in various percentages (i.e., 2, 4 and 6%) with fixed quantity of flyash (5%). The unconfined compression test (UCC) and microstructure analysis of the soil with different percentage of additives were determined separately after curing the specimens for 3 days and 7 days. Strength of stabilised soil is increase with increased amount of stabiliser and curing periods. Expansive soils were been a tough task for Civil Engineers in the design and construction of Infrastructure projects. The major problems with clays, including low strength and high compressibility, can cause severe damage to civil engineering structures and can lead to very serious economic loss and environmental hazards. Therefore, these soils must be treated before commencing the construction operation to achieve desired properties. This has led to the development of soil stabilization techniques. Since the nature and properties of natural soil vary widely, a suitable stabilization technique has to be adopted for a particular situation after considering the soil properties. The chemical technique is a common soil stabilization approach, since it produces a better quality soil with higher strength and durability than mechanical and physical techniques. In many countries of the world, stabilization of soils is especially done if locally available natural/industrial resources are available. The use of Phosphogypsum (PG) and Flyash (FA) in soil stabilization can lead to low-cost construction and can provide an environmentally friendly means of their disposal and also enhance the engineering properties of soil. Phosphogypsum is a by-product in the wet process for manufacture of phosphoric acid (ammonium phosphate fertilizer) by the action of sulphuric acid on the rock phosphate. Flyash is one of the residues generated during the combustion of pulverized coal and is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases. Flyash is mainly used as stabilizer considering its construction potential as a pozzolanic material. In this paper, the study is aimed to investigate the strength and the microstructure of treated clay using unconfined compressive strength test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. II. LITERATURE REVIEW

Background/Objectives: In India the increase in population and industrialisation, there is a much need for the soil to be used for various activities. There is a need to improve the properties of soil, if the soil at any particular locality is unsuited, wholly or partially selected for the construction. With increasing awareness of environmental issues, there has been a remarkable shift toward “green” and sustainable technologies. In view of these attempt is made to study the new sustainable method of biogeochemical techniques to improve the soil properties. Methods: In this work test for the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) for soils were conducted as per IS to know variation in strength characteristics with the addition of two bacteria namely Acetobacter and Bacillus of different incubation periods and curing periods. For the same soil samples, the free swell index values were also determined to know the effect of addition of bacteria by stabilisation. Findings: The UCC test results for the soil samples treated with bacteria showed an increase in strength of soil with the increase in age of bacteria. The increase in Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) value at 60 day curing period is about 175% for soil treated with Acetobacter and 520% for Bacillus. Swelling characteristics also reduced by the treatment with Acetobacter and Bacillus bacteria. Improvement/Applications: Biostabilisation with bacteria proved the increase in strength and decrease in swell it can be used as an innovative stabiliser for stabilising problematic soils, which is cost-effective, non intrusive, low energy demanding and ecofriendly.

Background/Objectives: Buildable land with good natural bearing capacity is reducing and it leads to the construction of buildings on poor soils which are finally leads to structural foundation failures. This necessitated the use of available admixtures for the improvement of soil characteristics economically. Among the available resources, industrial by- products can be effectively used as admixtures since it can solve the hazardous problems due to its disposal. Methods: Grain size analysis and Atterberg’s limits tests are conducted to classify the soils used in this study. To evaluate the effect of admixtures, strengths characteristics of soils were observed by Unconfined Compressive Strength and California Bearing Ratio tests. Weak soils having high expansive characteristics are used to study the activation of 5% fly ash blended with Phospho Gypsum (PG) at varying percentages of 2%, 4% and 6% with two weak soils at different curing conditions. Findings: Results shows higher strength development upto a percentage of 4% PG with 5% flyash with both the soils. Effect of curing periods on strength characteristics of treated soils at 7, 28 and 60 days were also considered in this study. Microstructural studies are also showing an improvement in microstructure which is examined in SEM micrographs and XRD results. The influence of flyash with different percentages of phosphogypsum on swelling characteristics shows a decrease in swell potential of treated soil with increase in curing periods. Improvement: This study gives an effective application of Phospho Gypsum and Fly Ash in geotechnical field by using it as a relevant soil stabilizer. Increase in CBR values were obtained with Fly Ash and Phospho Gypsum combinations with soils, which reduces the thickness of pavement and making more productive use of industrial wastes with considerable environmental benefits.

Performance testing of a web application is apprehensive with accomplishing response times, throughput, and resourceutilization levels that gather the performance objectives for that applications or websites. Enterprises become assume nowadays, all users with an internet access are a potential customer. Product and service accessibility in the physical location is speedily being replaced by online shopping. Online shopping in India is growing at a very fast manner. At the same time, there is an extreme competition in e-commerce space, especially among top three players namely Flipkart, Snapdeal and Amazon. When online shopping websites announce campaigns, offers, and sales, there is often an uncontrolled rush of buyers to these sites and most often the infrastructure behind these retail websites are not powerful enough to handle the huge volume. In order to evaluate the performance of the retail web applications from each physical location, cloud based performance testing will be the key solution. The performance tests could be run with the load generators by utilizing cloud service providers such as Amazon, Rack space etc. Alternatively, Cloud based performance testing tools could be used for finding the performance of a web application. There is no single tool will be used for all performance measure of a web application. The right choice of testing tools really depends on multiple parameters including customer application architecture, context and customer needs. With this analyzing the importance of the performance of the web application increasing, it is a good idea to evaluate some of the popular open source Performance testing tools. Cloud based software test automation offers Cost Effectiveness, Benefits of Virtualization, More collaboration, Quicker Testing and Reduced IT management effort.

From the very beginning of the concept of image processing, the researchers took the challenge of image enhancement process as an important focus since enhancing an image would result in improvement in the image quality. Image has to be enhanced prior to any mentioned processing. An optimal Enhancement technique should enhance both high quality and low quality images, and should highlight even small details hidden in the image. Infrared image enhancement refines the details immerged in the background and provide a noise free image as output. This paper was aimed to discuss and analyze about various image enhancement techniques and filters that are used to enhance the quality of the given input image.

ZigBee is a wireless communication technology which provides self-organized, multi-hop and reliable networking facility with long battery lifetime. ZigBee provides wireless networking between low power devices, aimed to reduce the energy consumption and delay. ZigBee technology is deployed in numerous applications such as home based healthcare, medical monitoring and consumer electronics. In many of the envisioned applications, device mobility is unavoidable. Thus it is necessary to provide connections to/from mobile devices in many ZigBee applications. In ZigBee networks, a tree topology is used for data delivery applications. But data delivery failure occurs in ZigBee wireless applications due to mobility and network topology changes. So, to locate the displaced mobile end devices, the conventional route reconstruction method is used to lessen the effects of mobility. But the conventional route reconstruction method consumes large amount of resources in terms of bandwidth and power consumption. Recently ZigBee node deployment and tree construction framework is proposed to avoid such resource consumption and provides efficient data transmission between coordinator and mobile end devices. The framework considers the regularity in mobility patterns during the construction of the routing tree and deployment of nodes. Admission control concept is then introduced to improve the network throughput which increases the transmission rate i.e. the rate of flow when there is no data loss in the flow. Transmission rate is managed based on network traffic. Data delivery ratio is increased efficiently during downlink communication i.e. between coordinator and mobile end device by using node deployment framework, rather than using conventional route reconstruction method.

The OSPF convergence period takes several milliseconds to update the current information about the topology. In worse transient behavior, the packets are dropped or loop may occur. It may result in network instability. The link failure recovery is important because it finds the alternative path to deviate the packets, in order to prevent the packet loss rate. An IPFRR approach, FEPS can handle single link or single node failure successfully during the convergence period. This FEPS recomputed the alternate shorter path before the failure occurs. This schema is works during the Convergence period of OSPF routing, which provides an immediate backup path. The proposed idea is to extend the existing protection method “enhanced Fast emergency path schema (EFEP-S)”, an IPFRR approach to overcome the multiple link failures occur within the local routing area of OSPF routing.

Malignancies are usually preceded by the presence of various paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS), which could be the indirect and/or remote effects of the metabolites produced by neoplastic cells. PNS manifested by oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas, which is the most common head and neck malignancy, are highlighted in this review. Knowledge of the clinical spectrum of these syndromes will equip the oral physician for early diagnosis and management of these hidden malignancies, especially of the pharyngeal region.